1
|
Wiwatowski K, Sulowska K, Mackowski S. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Probes Interactions between Photoactive Protein- Silver Nanowire Conjugate and Monolayer Graphene. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4873. [PMID: 38732092 PMCID: PMC11084953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we apply single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy to probe plasmon-enhanced fluorescence and Förster resonance energy transfer in a nanoscale assemblies. The structure where the interplay between these two processes was present consists of photoactive proteins conjugated with silver nanowires and deposited on a monolayer graphene. By comparing the results of continuous-wave and time-resolved fluorescence microscopy acquired for this structure with those obtained for the reference samples, where proteins were coupled with either a graphene monolayer or silver nanowires, we find clear indications of the interplay between plasmonic enhancement and the energy transfer to graphene. Namely, fluorescence intensities calculated for the structure, where proteins were coupled to graphene only, are less than for the structure playing the central role in this study, containing both silver nanowires and graphene. Conversely, decay times extracted for the latter are shorter compared to a protein-silver nanowire conjugate, pointing towards emergence of the energy transfer. Overall, the results show that monitoring the optical properties of single emitters in a precisely designed hybrid nanostructure provides an elegant way to probe even complex combination of interactions at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wiwatowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Sulowska
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.W.); (K.S.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.W.); (K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shukla D, Wang H, Awartani O, Dickey MD, Zhu Y. Surface Embedded Metal Nanowire-Liquid Metal-Elastomer Hybrid Composites for Stretchable Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:14183-14197. [PMID: 38457372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Both liquid metal (LM) and metallic filler-based conductive composites are promising stretchable conductors. LM alloys exhibit intrinsically high deformability but present challenges for patterning on polymeric substrates due to high surface tension. On the other hand, conductive composites comprising metallic fillers undergo considerable decrease in electrical conductivity under mechanical deformation. To address the challenges, we present silver nanowire (AgNW)-LM-elastomer hybrid composite films, where AgNWs and LM are embedded below the surface of an elastomeric matrix, using two fabrication approaches, sequential and mixed. We investigate and understand the process-structure-property relationship of the AgNW-LM-elastomer hybrid composites fabricated using two approaches. Different weight ratios of AgNWs and LM particles provide tunable electrical conductivity. The hybrid composites show more stable electromechanical performance than the composites with AgNWs alone. In particular, 1:2.4 (AgNW:LMP w/w) sequential hybrid composite shows electromechanical stability similar to that of the LM-elastomer composite, with a resistance increase of 2.04% at 90% strain. The sequential approach is found to form AgIn2 intermetallic compounds which along with Ga-In bonds, imparts large deformability to the sequential hybrid composite as well as mechanical robustness against scratching, cutting, peeling, and wiping. To demonstrate the application of the hybrid composite for stretchable electronics, a laser patterned stretchable heater on textile and a stretchable circuit including a light-emitting diode are fabricated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Shukla
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Omar Awartani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee H, Cho DH, Lim C, Kim W, Jang YH, Baek SW, Ju BK, Lee P, Yu H. Pressurized Back-Junction Doping via Spray-Coating Silver Nanowires Top Electrodes for Efficient Charge Collection in Bifacial Colloidal PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:7130-7140. [PMID: 38315977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal PbS quantum-dot solar cells (QDSCs) have long suffered from inefficient charge collection near the back-junction due to the lack of p-doping strategy, rendering their bifacial photovoltaic applications unsuccessful. Here, we report highly efficient photocarrier collection in bifacial colloidal PbS QDSCs by exploiting spray-coated silver nanowires (AgNWs) top electrodes. During our spray-coating process, pressurized Ag diffusion occurred toward the active layer, which induced effective p-doping and deep-level passivation. By manipulating the spray pressure, optimum AgNWs' stacking morphology enabling an appropriate level of Ag diffusion could be achieved, leading to Jsc over 30 mA/cm2 from the conventional n-i-p structure upon light illumination to the film side. The morphological and electrical behaviors of AgNWs according to the spray pressure are comprehensively explained in relation to the device performance. Finally, 50 bifacial cells were fabricated over 49 cm2 sized glass substrate, demonstrating the large-area processability and functionality of the spray-coated AgNWs with the effective back-junction engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Cho
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Lim
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Jang
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Woong Baek
- ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Byeong Kwon Ju
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Phillip Lee
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST School, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonggeun Yu
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST School, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Xu B, Xie Z, Yang J, Liu Y, Yang Y, Xu H. Intrinsically Stretchable, Self-Healing, and Large-Scale Epidermal Bioelectrode Arrays for Electrophysiology and Gesture Recognition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:59787-59794. [PMID: 38097388 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological (EP) signals, referred to as low-level biopotentials driven by active or passive human movements, are of great importance for kinesiology, rehabilitation, and human-machine interaction. To capture high-fidelity EP signals, bioelectrodes should possess high conductivity, high stretchability, and high conformability to skin. While traditional metal bioelectrodes are endowed with stretchability via complex structural designs, they are vulnerable to external or internal inference due to their low fracture strain and large modulus. Here, we report a self-healing elastic composite of silver nanowire (AgNW), graphite nanosheet, and styrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene, which exhibits high stretchability of ε = 500%, high conductivity of σ = ∼1923 S·cm-1, and low resistance change (ΔR/R0) of 0.14 at ε = 40% while its resistance increases ∼0.8% after a 24 h stretching operation at ε = 50%. We employed the elastic composites for accurate and stable monitoring of electrocardiograph and surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. Further, we demonstrate an all-solution and printable process to obtain a large-scale sEMG bioelectrode array, enabling highly conformal adhesion on skin and high-fidelity gesture recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Baobao Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhixin Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiyi Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haihua Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, China
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu Z, Wang X, Li D, Yu H, Li X, Guo F. Solvent Welding-Based Methods Gently and Effectively Enhance the Conductivity of a Silver Nanowire Network. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2865. [PMID: 37947710 PMCID: PMC10650926 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the conductivity of a silver nanowire (Ag NW) network, a facile solvent welding method was developed. Soaking a Ag NW network in ethylene glycol (EG) or alcohol for less than 15 min decreased the resistance about 70%. Further combined solvent processing via a plasmonic welding approach decreased the resistance about 85%. This was achieved by simply exposing the EG-soaked Ag NW network to a low-power blue light (60 mW/cm2). Research results suggest that poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) dissolution by solvent brings nanowires into closer contact, and this reduced gap distance between nanowires enhances the plasmonic welding effect, hence further decreasing resistance. Aside from this dual combination of methods, a triple combination with Joule heating welding induced by applying a current to the Ag NW network decreased the resistance about 96%. Although conductivity was significantly enhanced, our results showed that the melting at Ag NW junctions was relatively negligible, which indicates that the enhancement in conductivity could be attributed to the removal of PVP layers. Moreover, the approaches were quite gentle so any potential damage to Ag NWs or polymer substrates by overheating (e.g., excessive Joule heating) was avoided entirely, making the approaches suitable for application in devices using heat-sensitive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Zhu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.Z.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.Z.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dan Li
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.Z.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.Z.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuefei Li
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.Z.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Fu Guo
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (Z.Z.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- School of Mechanical Electrical Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qin X, Ding C, Tian Y, Dong J, Cheng B. Multifunctional Ti 3C 2T x MXene/ Silver Nanowire Membranes with Excellent Catalytic, Antifouling, and Antibacterial Properties for Nitrophenol-Containing Water Purification. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:48154-48167. [PMID: 37801365 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The uncontrolled release of nitrophenol and dye pollutants into water systems is an increasingly serious worldwide concern, and thus efficient wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed. Herein we report a novel two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (Ti3C2Tx MXene) membrane modified with silver nanowires (AgNWs) by vacuum assisted filtration technology for the ultrafast nitrophenol catalysis and water purification applications. Regular and controllable membrane transport channels were constructed by stacking Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. Furthermore, the intercalation of AgNWs into the Ti3C2Tx MXene interlayer greatly enlarged the interlayer spacing, resulting in more gaps for fast and selective molecular transport. The optimized Ti3C2Tx MXene@AgNWs (M@A) membrane exhibited a water flux up to ∼191.9 L/(m2 h) while maintaining a high bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection of ∼95.4%. We emphatically used M@A membranes as efficient catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and the results indicated that M@A-12% membrane exhibited the greatest catalytic reduction ability, and recycling utilization. M@A-12% membrane also had an antibacterial rate of more than 99% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This work provides a possibility to expand the application of 2D multifunctional M@A membranes in wastewater treatment and pollutant catalytic degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Changkun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jiankang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hsieh GW, Chien CY. Wearable Capacitive Tactile Sensor Based on Porous Dielectric Composite of Polyurethane and Silver Nanowire. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3816. [PMID: 37765670 PMCID: PMC10535873 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the implementation of wearable and biocompatible tactile sensing elements with sufficient response into healthcare, medical detection, and electronic skin/amputee prosthetics has been an intriguing but challenging quest. Here, we propose a flexible all-polyurethane capacitive tactile sensor that utilizes a salt crystal-templated porous elastomeric framework filling with silver nanowire as the composite dielectric material, sandwiched by a set of polyurethane films covering silver nanowire networks as electrodes. With the aids of these cubic air pores and conducting nanowires, the fabricated capacitive tactile sensor provides pronounced enhancement of both sensor compressibility and effective relative dielectric permittivity across a broad pressure regime (from a few Pa to tens of thousands of Pa). The fabricated silver nanowire-porous polyurethane sensor presents a sensitivity improvement of up to 4-60 times as compared to a flat polyurethane device. An ultrasmall external stimulus as light as 3 mg, equivalent to an applied pressure of ∼0.3 Pa, can also be clearly recognized. Our all-polyurethane capacitive tactile sensor based on a porous dielectric framework hybrid with conducting nanowire reveals versatile potential applications in physiological activity detection, arterial pulse monitoring, and spatial pressure distribution, paving the way for wearable electronics and artificial skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Wen Hsieh
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301, Gaofa 3rd Road, Section 2, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Chien
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301, Section 2, Gaofa 3rd Road, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Y, Huang W, Kang J, Xi X, Pei Y, He G. Metal-Organic Framework-Modified Silver Nanowire Transparent Film with Enhanced Conductivity and Stability for Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37439547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) is recognized as a critical material for developing the next generation of transparent conductive films (TCFs); however, poor stability remains a major issue. Herein, we demonstrate a stable AgNW TCF passivated by a metal-organic framework (MOF) via a facile solution process. The MOF is chemically bonded to the surface of the AgNWs as a chemical inhibitor, which contributes to passivating highly active sites and providing chemical protection, leading to enhanced resistance to corrosive molecules and thereby offering exceptional stability under an ambient atmosphere. Simultaneously, the binding interaction with the MOF anchors silver atoms at the surface of the nanowires, suppressing their diffusion at high temperatures and allowing the AgNW film to maintain excellent conductivity up to 300 °C. Additionally, the hydrogen bonding between the MOF and the substrate, along with the tight connection of the MOF with AgNWs, improves the welding between the nanowires, enhancing the conductivity of the AgNW film at mild conditions while offering good flexibility and adhesion properties. Furthermore, the OLED device integrating the MOF-modified AgNW electrode shows comparable performance to an indium tin oxide-based device, verifying its huge potential for applications in optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Kang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhou Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic Of China
| | - Gufeng He
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hao T, Zhang L, Ji H, Zhou Q, Feng T, Song S, Wang B, Liu D, Ren Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Sun J, Li Y. A Stretchable, Transparent, and Mechanically Robust Silver Nanowire-Polydimethylsiloxane Electrode for Electrochromic Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2640. [PMID: 37376285 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of flexible indium tin oxide (ITO-free) electrochromic devices has steadily attracted widespread attention in wearable devices. Recently, silver nanowire/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (AgNW/PDMS)-based stretchable conductive films have raised great interest as ITO-free substrate for flexible electrochromic devices. However, it is still difficult to achieve high transparency with low resistance due to the weak binding force between AgNW and PDMS with low surface energy because of the possibility of detaching and sliding occurring at the interface. Herein, we propose a method to pattern the pre-cured PDMS (PT-PDMS) by stainless steel film as a template through constructed micron grooves and embedded structure, to prepare a stretchable AgNW/PT-PDMS electrode with high transparency and high conductivity. The stretchable AgNW/PT-PDMS electrode can be stretched (5000 cycles), twisted, and surface friction (3M tape for 500 cycles) without significant loss of conductivity (ΔR/R ≈ 16% and 27%). In addition, with the increase of stretch (stretching to 10-80%), the AgNW/PT-PDMS electrode transmittance increased, and the conductivity increased at first and then decreased. It is possible that the AgNWs in the micron grooves are spread during PDMS stretching, resulting in a larger spreading area and higher transmittance of the AgNWs film; at the same time, the nanowires between the grooves come into contact, thus increasing conductivity. An electrochromic electrode constructed with the stretchable AgNW/PT-PDMS exhibited excellent electrochromic behavior (transmittance contrast from ~61% to ~57%) even after 10,000 bending cycles or 500 stretching cycles, indicating high stability and mechanical robustness. Notably, this method of preparing transparent stretch electrodes based on patterned PDMS provides a promising solution for developing electronic devices with unique structures and high performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Leipeng Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Infrared and Low Temperature Plasma Key Laboratory of Anhui Province, NUDT, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Haoyu Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiyu Zhou
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ting Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dongqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zichen Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiawu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ha JH, Lim JH, Lee JM, Chung BG. Electro-Responsive Conductive Blended Hydrogel Patch. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2608. [PMID: 37376253 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The proposed electro-responsive hydrogel has great benefit for transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) applications. To improve the physical or chemical properties of hydrogels, a number of researchers have previously studied the mixing efficiencies of the blended hydrogels. However, few studies have focused on improving the electrical conductivity and drug delivery of the hydrogels. We developed a conductive blended hydrogel by mixing alginate with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and silver nanowire (AgNW). We demonstrated that and the tensile strength of blended hydrogels were increased by a factor of 1.8 by blending GelMA and the electrical conductivity was enhanced by a factor of 18 by the addition of AgNW. Furthermore, the GelMA-alginate-AgNW (Gel-Alg-AgNW) blended hydrogel patch enabled on-off controllable drug release, indicating 57% doxorubicin release in response to electrical stimulation (ES) application. Therefore, this electro-responsive blended hydrogel patch could be useful for smart drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Lim
- Research Center, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Division of Chemical Industry, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Smart Biosensor, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo T, Yang M, Wang D, Zheng J, Gao SS. Antibiofilm and mechanical properties of silver nanowire-modified glass ionomer cement. J Dent 2023:104569. [PMID: 37263409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a commonly used restorative material in dentistry, but GIC does not have significant antibiofilm effects and its mechanical strength is limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiofilm and mechanical properties of a newly developed silver nanowire (AgNW) modified GIC. METHODS GICs were modified with different nanosilver formulations including 0.05%wt AgNW, 0.5%wt AgNW, 0.05%wt silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and 0.5%wt AgNP. Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans were cultured for 72 hours on GIC specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to observe the accumulation and morphology of Streptococcus mutans on the material surfaces. Another set of biofilm/specimens was treated with SYTO-9 and the biofilm development was evaluated by quantifying the visible stain with an inverted fluorescence microscope. The compressive strength of the specimens was assessed according to ISO 9917-1:2007. The colour of GICs was compared using the VITA Easyshade system. RESULTS SEM images showed that fewer biofilms were accumulated on nanosilver-modified GICs. The Streptococcus mutans quantity was significantly lower in all nanosilver-modified groups compared to conventional GIC (p<0.0001). GIC modified with 0.5% AgNP showed slightly lower compressive strength than the negative control (58.3±12.9 MPa vs 78.3±13.8 MPa); but there is no significant difference between all study groups. The colour change between AgNW-modified GIC and conventional GIC was significantly lower than that between AgNP-modified GIC and conventional GIC. CONCLUSION AgNW-modified GIC showed superior antibiofilm effect and comparable compressive strength to conventional GIC. In addition, the complement of AgNW would not influence the colour stability of GIC as much as AgNP. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study developed a novel AgNW-modified GIC material. It showed good antibiofilm and mechanical properties and would not influence the colour stability of GIC. The AgNW-modified GIC has a large potential for clinical use and biomedical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Guo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University
| | - Mengyu Yang
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University
| | - Dai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Jing Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pang Y, Jin M. Self-Assembly of Silver Nanowire Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1358. [PMID: 37110942 PMCID: PMC10146873 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of SERS detection technology is challenged by the difficulty in obtaining SERS active substrates that are easily prepared, highly sensitive, and reliable. Many high-quality hotspot structures exist in aligned Ag nanowires (NWs) arrays. This study used a simple self-assembly method with a liquid surface to prepare a highly aligned AgNW array film to form a sensitive and reliable SERS substrate. To estimate the signal reproducibility of the AgNW substrate, the RSD of SERS intensity of 1.0 × 10-10 M Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in an aqueous solution at 1364 cm-1 was calculated to be as low as 4.7%. The detection ability of the AgNW substrate was close to the single molecule level, and even the R6G signal of 1.0 × 10-16 M R6G could be detected with a resonance enhancement factor (EF) as high as 6.12 × 1011 under 532 nm laser excitation. The EF without the resonance effect was 2.35 × 106 using 633 nm laser excitation. FDTD simulations have confirmed that the uniform distribution of hot spots inside the aligned AgNW substrate amplifies the SERS signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Pang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526060, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing 526060, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wen H, Li J, Zhang Q, Inose T, Peeters W, Fortuni B, Asakawa H, Masuhara A, Hirai K, Toyouchi S, Fujita Y, Uji-I H. Length-Controllable Gold-Coated Silver Nanowire Probes for High AFM-TERS Scattering Activity. Nano Lett 2023; 23:1615-1621. [PMID: 36484776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) microscopy is an advanced technique for investigation at the nanoscale that provides topographic and chemical information simultaneously. The TERS probe plays a crucial role in the microscopic performance. In the recent past, the development of silver nanowire (AgNW) based TERS probes solved the main tip fabrication issues, such as low mechanical strength and reproducibility. However, this fabrication method still suffers from low control of the protruded length of the AgNW. In this work, a simple water-air interface electrocutting method is proposed to achieve wide controllability of the length. This water cutting method was combined with a succedent Au coating on the AgNW surface, and the probe achieved an up to 100× higher enhancement factor (EF) and a 2× smaller spatial resolution compared to pristine AgNW. Thanks to this excellent EF, the water-cut Au-coated AgNW probes were found to possess high TERS activity even in the nongap mode, enabling broad applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wen
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES) and Division of Information Science and Technology, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES) and Division of Information Science and Technology, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES) and Division of Information Science and Technology, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoko Inose
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wannes Peeters
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Beatrice Fortuni
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hitoshi Asakawa
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akito Masuhara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirai
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES) and Division of Information Science and Technology, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Shuichi Toyouchi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yasuhiko Fujita
- Toray Research Center, Inc., Sonoyama 3-3-7, Otsu, Shiga 520-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES) and Division of Information Science and Technology, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li N, Huang G, Liu Y, Qu C, Li M, Xiao H. Performance Deficiency Improvement of CNT-Based Strain Sensors by Magnetic-Induced Patterning. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:5774-5786. [PMID: 36689203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising candidates, ubiquitous cycling degradation seriously affects the accuracy of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based sensors, and the reason for which is still unclear. Herein, the cycling degradation mechanism of CNT-based strain sensors has been detected by comparatively investigating the difference between the sensing behavior of CNT- and silver nanowire (Ag-NW)-based sensors, from which the microcrack-disconnection and unfolding-tunneling effects have been clarified as the sensing mechanism for Ag-NWs and CNT-based strain sensors, respectively. Furthermore, sliding and unfolding behaviors resulting from the weak interaction between CNTs have been proven to cause degradation. Correspondingly, a creative magnetically induced patterning method is proposed by utilizing magnetic nanoparticles as obstacles to prevent the CNTs from relative sliding. Benefiting from the advantageous factor, the performance deficiency of the CNT-based sensor has been overcome, and the sensitivity was significantly improved up to 5.2 times with accurate human activity detection. The competitive sensing performance of the CNTs demonstrates the reference value of the deficiency mechanism and solution scheme obtained in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Guiwen Huang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Chengbing Qu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Meng Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Jin Y, Wang K, Wang X, Xiao F. Facile Transfer of a Transparent Silver Nanowire Pattern to a Soft Substrate Using Graphene Oxide as a Double-Sided Adhesion-Tuning Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:5709-5719. [PMID: 36683282 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been employed in various optoelectronic devices as transparent electrodes. However, it remains a great challenge to facilely pattern silver nanowires to realize desirable soft skin devices. Here, we develop an intact transfer method via a double-layered adhesion regulator of graphene oxide (GO) enabling complete transfer of a silver nanowire pattern from a tough substrate onto soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and flexible polyethylene (PE). We achieve positive and negative patterns simultaneously when selectively transferring silver nanowire patterns. The resulting patterned AgNW electrodes have uniform conductivity and long-term stability. The underlying mechanism of the clean transfer is thoroughly investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). GO plays a role in reducing the adhesion of AgNW to the donor tough substrate and enhancing adhesion of AgNW to the target soft substrate simultaneously. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the patterned electrodes as transparent sensors detecting body motion. This work offers an effective solution to the challenging patterning problem of silver nanowires on a hydrophobic soft substrate, which is compatible with the soft component in emerging smart skin or wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Jin
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, 117599 Singapore
| | - Kaiqing Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocun Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Booth RE, Khanna C, Schrickx HM, Siddika S, Al Shafe A, O'Connor BT. Electrothermally Actuated Semitransparent Shape Memory Polymer Composite with Application as a Wearable Touch Sensor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:53129-53138. [PMID: 36383747 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A semitransparent shape memory polymer (SMP):silver nanowire (AgNW) composite is demonstrated to be capable of low-temperature actuation, thus making it attractive for wearable electronics applications that require intimate contact with the human body. We demonstrate that the SMP:AgNW composite has tunable electrical and optical transparency through variation of the AgNW loading and that the AgNW loading did not significantly change the mechanical behavior of the SMP. The SMP composite is also capable of electrical actuation through Joule heating, where applying a 4 V bias across the AgNWs resulted in full shape recovery. The SMP was found to have high strain sensitivity at both small (<1%) and large (over 10%) applied strain. The SMP could sense strains as low as 0.6% with a gauge factor of 8.2. The SMP composite was then utilized as a touch sensor, able to sense and differentiate tapping and pressing. Finally, the composite was applied as a wearable ring that was thermally actuated to conformably fit onto a finger as a touch sensor. The ring sensor was able to sense finger tapping, pressing, and bending with high signal-to-noise ratios. These results demonstrate that SMP:AgNW composites are a promising design approach for application in wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Booth
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Chetna Khanna
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Harry M Schrickx
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Salma Siddika
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Abdullah Al Shafe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Brendan T O'Connor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kong J, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang L, Gong M, Lin X, Wang D. Toward High-Energy-Density Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Silver Nanowires as Current Collectors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238207. [PMID: 36500301 PMCID: PMC9736977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The lack of suitable lightweight current collectors is one of the primary obstacles preventing the energy density of aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) from becoming competitive. Using silver nanowire (AgNW) films as current collectors and a molecular crowding electrolyte, we herein report the fabrication of ALIBs with relatively good energy densities. In the 2 m LiTFSI-94% PEG-6% H2O solution, the AgNW films with a sheet resistance of less than 1.0 ohm/square exhibited an electrochemical stability window as broad as 3.8 V. The LiMn2O4//Li4Ti5O12 ALIBs using AgNW films as the current collectors demonstrated an initial energy density of 70 Wh/kg weighed by the total mass of the cathode and anode, which retained 89.1% after 50 cycles.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ding S, Zhang S, Yin T, Zhang H, Wang C, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhou N, Su F, Jiang Z, Tan D, Yang R. Room-temperature nanojoining of silver nanowires by graphene oxide for highly conductive flexible transparent electrodes. Nanotechnology 2022; 34:045201. [PMID: 36265462 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9c09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes for touch panels, solar cells, and wearable electronics are in great demand in recent years, and the silver nanowire (AgNW) flexible transparent electrode (FTE) is among the top candidates due to its excellent light transmittance and flexibility and the highest conductivity of silver among all metals. However, the conductivity of an AgNWs network has long been limited by the large contact resistance. Here we show a room-temperature solution process to tackle the challenge by nanojoining AgNWs with two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO). The conductivity of the AgNWs network is improved 18 times due to the enhanced junctions between AgNWs by the coated GOs, and the AgNW-GO FTE exhibits a low sheet resistance of 23 Ohm sq-1and 88% light transmittance. It is stable under high temperature and current and their flexibility is intact after 1000 cycles of bending. Measurements of a bifunctional electrochromic device shows the high performance of the AgNW-GO FTE as a FTE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Shucheng Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Yin
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Qikun Li
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhou
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Su
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dan Tan
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cheng M, Ying M, Zhao R, Ji L, Li H, Liu X, Zhang J, Li Y, Dong X, Zhang X. Transparent and Flexible Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials by Constructing Sandwich AgNW@MXene/Wood Composites. ACS Nano 2022; 16:16996-17007. [PMID: 36134706 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have attracted intensive attention with the increased electromagnetic pollution, which are required to possess high transparency and flexibility for applications in visualization windows, aerospace equipment, and wearable devices. However, it remains a challenge to achieve high-performance EMI shielding while maintaining excellent light transmittance. Herein, a sandwich composite is constructed by coating the core material of transparent wood (TW) with silver nanowire (AgNW)@MXene, exhibiting a maximum transmittance of 28.8% in the visible range and a longitudinal tensile strength of 47.8 MPa. The average EMI shielding effectiveness can reach up to 44.0 dB under X-band (8-12.4 GHz), ascribed to the increased absorption shielding induced by the multireflection of electromagnetic waves within microchannels of the TW layer and the interfacial polarization between AgNW and MXene. Simultaneously, large-scale EMI shielding films can be conveniently produced by our proposed method, which provides inspiration for the development of advanced EMI shielding materials for wide applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Cheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Mengfan Ying
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhi Zhao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Lianze Ji
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Xianguo Liu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Yixing Li
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Froyen AA, Grossiord N, de Heer J, Meerman T, Yang L, Lub J, Schenning APHJ. Ink-Deposited Transparent Electrochromic Structural Colored Foils. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:39375-39383. [PMID: 35984641 PMCID: PMC9437895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in the field of electrochromic devices, developing structural color-tunable photonic systems having both high transparency and flexibility remains challenging. Here, an ink-deposited transparent electrochromic structural colored foil displaying reflective colors, tuned by an integrated heater, is prepared in a single-substrate method. Efficient and homogeneous heating is induced by a gravure printed silver nanowire-based substrate, delivering an electrothermal response upon applying an electrical potential. On top of this flexible, transparent heater, a cholesteric liquid crystal ink is bar-coated and subsequently photopolymerized, yielding a structural colored film that exhibits temperature-responsive color changes. The transparent electrochromic foils appear colorless at room temperature but demonstrate structural color tuning with high optical quality when modifying the electrical potential. Both optical and electrothermal performances were preserved when deforming the foils. Applying the conductive and structural colored inks via the easy processable, continuous methods of gravure printing and bar-coating highlights the potential for scaling up to large-scale stimuli-responsive, transparent optical foils. These transparent structural colored foils can be potentially used for a wide range of photonic devices including smart windows, displays, and sensors and can be directly installed on top of curved, flexible surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne A.
F. Froyen
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Grossiord
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Jos de Heer
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Toob Meerman
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Lanti Yang
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Johan Lub
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM),
South China Normal University, Guangzhou
Higher Education Mega Center, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Psarski M, Lech A, Celichowski G. Plasmonic heating of protected silver nanowires for anti-frosting superhydrophobic coating. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:465205. [PMID: 35926320 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac86dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric frosting and icing pose significant problems for critical and common-use infrastructures. Passive anti-frosting and anti-icing strategies that require no energy input have been actively sought, with no viable and permanent solutions known yet. Bioinspired superhydrophobic (SH) materials have been considered promising path to explore; however, the outcome has been less than compelling because of their low resistance to atmospheric humidity. In most cases, condensing water on an SH surface eventually leads to mechanical locking of ice instead of ice removal. Hybrid strategies involving some form of limited energy input are being increasingly considered, each with its own challenges. Here, we propose the application of plasmonic heating of silver nanowires (AgNWs) for remote frost removal, utilizing an SH hybrid passive-active system. This novel system comprises a durable nanocomposite covered with a hydrophobized mesh of AgNWs, protected against environmental degradation by a tin oxide (SnO2) shell. We demonstrate the frost removal ability at -10 °C and 30% RH, achieved by a combination of plasmonic heating of AgNWs with a non-sticking behavior of submicrometric droplets of molten frost on the SH surface. Heating was realized by illuminating the mesh with low-power blue laser light. Adjustment of the nanowire (NW) and shell dimensions allows the generation of surface plasmon resonance in illuminated NWs at a wavelength overlapping the emission maximum of the light used. In environmental stability tests, the nanostructures exhibited high atmospheric, mechanical, and thermal stability. The narrow-wavelength absorption of the structure in the blue light range and the reflective properties in the infrared range were designed to prevent protected surfaces from overheating in direct sunlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Psarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lech
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Celichowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kwon NY, Park SH, Lee Y, Kong GD, Chau HD, Yoon HJ, Woo HY, Hoang MH, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Uniform Silver Nanowire Patterned Electrode on Robust PEN Substrate Using Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Underlayer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:34909-34917. [PMID: 35839207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes are among the most essential flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) emerging as promising alternatives to brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The polymer comprising the plastic substrate to which the AgNWs are applied must also satisfy the mechanical requirements of the final device and withstand the device processing conditions. However, AgNW-based FTEs have some limitations, such as poor adhesion to coated plastic substrates, surface roughness, and difficulty in patterning. This study demonstrates a new strategy for creating AgNW-based patterned flexible poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN)-based electrodes with appreciable optical and electrical properties. Introducing poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on the PEN substrate enhanced the adhesion between the substrate and AgNWs and improved the dispersibility of the AgNWs. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and a small amount of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol as a photosensitizer were coated onto the AgNW layer to improve the surface roughness and achieve an effective electrode pattern. By varying the AgNW concentration, we could tune the density and thickness of the AgNWs to optimize the sheet resistance and transmittance. Optimized AgNWs with a sheet resistance of 22.6 Ω/□ and transmittance of 92.3% at 550 nm were achieved. A polymer solar cell (PSC) was fabricated to evaluate the characteristics of the device employing the flexible electrodes. This PSC showed not only a high power conversion efficiency of 11.20%, similar to that of ITO-based devices, but also excellent mechanical stability, which is difficult to achieve in ITO-based flexible devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Gyu Don Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hong Diem Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mai Ha Hoang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11072, Vietnam
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang M, Ma L, Shi J, Li S, Ji S. Fracture behaviour of silver nanowire films during shear deformation. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:375706. [PMID: 35679811 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire films have a wide application prospect in flexible electronics, while it is a noticeable problem that the silver nanowires break due to the shear force under the mass production film cutting or extreme service conditions. In this paper, the shear fracture behaviour of silver nanowire films with different structural parameters was studied under the extreme shear failure tests. The load-displacement curve was obtained from the nano-indentation test, while the hardnessH, the elastic modulusEand the plastic properties represented by the ratio ofH3/E2of silver nanowire films with different diameters and thicknesses were calculated. On the other hand, based on the load-displacement curve, the stress-strain curve can be obtained through the finite element method simulation. The plastic properties can also be judged by the lower limit of yield strength from simulated stress-strain curve. Combined with characteristic crack propagation range, the relationship between plasticity and shear fracture was found, which was further disclosed by in-depth microstructure analysis. The results show that the better the plasticity of silver nanowire films, the stronger the resistance to shear fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Wang
- Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang J, Piao W, Jin X, Jin LY, Yin Z. Recent Progress in Metal Nanowires for Flexible Energy Storage Devices. Front Chem 2022; 10:920430. [PMID: 35685347 PMCID: PMC9171036 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.920430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid evolution of wearable electronics, the demand for flexible energy storage devices is gradually increasing. At present, the commonly used energy storage devices in life are based on rigid frames, which may lead to failure or explosion when mechanical deformation occurs. The main reason for this phenomenon is the insufficient elastic limit of the metal foil current collector with a simple plane structure inside the electrodes. Obviously, the design and introduction of innovative structural materials in current collectors is the key point to solving this problem. Several recent studies have shown that metal nanowires can be used as novel current collector materials to fabricate flexible energy storage devices. Herein, we review the applications of metal nanowires in the field of flexible energy storage devices by selecting the three most representative metals (Au, Ag, and Cu). By the analysis of the various typical literature, the advantages and disadvantages of these three metal nanowires (Au, Ag, and Cu) are discussed respectively. Finally, we look forward to the development direction of one-dimensional (1D) metal nanowires in flexible energy storage devices and show the personal opinions with a reference value, hoping to provide the experience and ideas for related research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Wenxiang Piao
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xuanzhen Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Long Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhenxing Yin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Yanbian Zhenxing Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Yanji, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liang B, Xu D, Yu N, Xu Y, Ma X, Liu Q, Asif MS, Yan R, Liu M. Physics-Guided Neural-Network-Based Inverse Design of a Photonic -Plasmonic Nanodevice for Superfocusing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:27397-27404. [PMID: 35649169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale light-matter interaction using superfocusing hybrid photonic-plasmonic devices has attracted significant research interest in tackling existing challenges, including converting efficiencies, working bandwidths, and manufacturing complexities. With the growth in demand for efficient photonic-plasmonic input-output interfaces to improve plasmonic device performances, sophisticated designs with multiple optimization parameters are required, which comes with an unaffordable computation cost. Machine learning methods can significantly reduce the cost of computations compared to numerical simulations, but the input-output dimension mismatch remains a challenging problem. Here, we introduce a physics-guided two-stage machine learning network that uses the improved coupled-mode theory for optical waveguides to guide the learning module and improve the accuracy of predictive engines to 98.5%. A near-unity coupling efficiency with symmetry-breaking selectivity is predicted by the inverse design. By fabricating photonic-plasmonic couplers using the predicted profiles, we demonstrate that the excitation efficiency of 83% on the radially polarized surface plasmon mode can be achieved, which paves the way for super-resolution optical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boqun Liang
- Materials Science and Engineering program, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yaodong Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering program, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Xuezhi Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Qiushi Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - M Salman Asif
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ruoxue Yan
- Materials Science and Engineering program, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering program, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California─Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hao T, Wang S, Xu H, Zhang X, Magdassi S, Pan L, Song Y, Li Y, Zhao J. Novel Transparent TiO 2/AgNW-Si(NH 2)/PET Hybrid Films for Flexible Smart Windows. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:21613-21622. [PMID: 35482585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free electrochromic devices (FCDs) has always been a research hotspot in flexible electronics. Recently, a silver nanowire (AgNW)-based transparent conductive film has raised great interest as an ITO-free substrate for FCDs. However, several challenges, such as the weak binding of AgNWs to the substrate, high junction resistance, and oxidation of AgNWs, remain. In this paper, a novel method for surface modification of AgNWs with N-aminoethyl-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane [Si(NH2)] solution is proposed to enhance the bonding with the flexible substrates and the active materials, thereby inhibiting the delamination of AgNWs from the substrate and reducing the high junction resistance between nanowires. The TiO2/AgNW-Si(NH2)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films show outstanding mechanical properties, of which the resistance remains almost unchanged after mechanical bending of 5000 cycles (ΔR/R0 ≈ 3.6%) and repeated peeling off cycles with 3M tape 100 times (ΔR/R0 ≈ 6.0%). In addition, we found that the oxygen-containing groups on the TiO2/AgNW-Si(NH2)/PET surface form hydrogen bonds with the TiO2 sol, resulting in tight contact between the TiO2 sol and the AgNWs, which prevents the AgNWs from oxidation. As a result, the TiO2/AgNW-Si(NH2)/PET film exhibited long-time aging (ΔR/R0 ≈ 4.9% in the air for 100 days) stability. A FCD was constructed with the TiO2/AgNW-Si(NH2)/PET film, which showed excellent electrochromic performance (94% retention) after 5000 bending cycles, indicating high stability and mechanical flexibility. These results present a promising solution to the transparent conductive films for flexible energy devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Institute of Chemistry and Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chu SB, Ko D, Jung J, Jo S, Hyun DC, Oh HJ, Kim J. Characterization of Silver Nanowire-Based Transparent Electrodes Obtained Using Different Drying Methods. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:461. [PMID: 35159806 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based transparent top electrodes allow electronic devices to achieve transparency, thereby expanding their application range. Silver nanowire (AgNW)-based transparent electrodes can function as transparent top electrodes, owing to their excellent conductivity and transmittance. However, they require a high-temperature drying process, which damages the bottom functional layers. Here, we fabricated two types of AgNW-based electrodes using the following three drying methods: thermal, room-temperature, and vacuum. Thereafter, we investigated the variation in their morphological, electrical, and optical characteristics as a function of the drying method and duration. When the AgNW-exposed electrode was dried at room temperature, it exhibited a high surface roughness and low conductivity, owing to the slow solvent evaporation. However, under vacuum, it exhibited a similar electrical conductivity to that achieved by thermal drying because of the decreased solvent boiling point and fast solvent evaporation. Conversely, the AgNW-embedded electrodes exhibited similar roughness values and electrical conductivities regardless of the drying method applied. This was because the polymer shrinkage during the AgNW embedding process generated capillary force and improved the interconnectivity between the nanowires. The AgNW-based electrodes exhibited similar optical properties regardless of the drying method and electrode type. This study reveals that vacuum drying can afford transparent top electrodes without damaging functional layers.
Collapse
|
28
|
Patil JJ, Reese ML, Lee E, Grossman JC. Oxynitride-Encapsulated Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrode with Enhanced Thermal, Electrical, and Chemical Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:4423-4433. [PMID: 35029366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been explored as a promising technology for transparent electrodes due to their solution-processability, low-cost implementation, and excellent trade-off between sheet resistance and transparency. However, their large-scale implementation in applications such as solar cells, transparent heaters, and display applications has been hindered by their poor thermal, electrical, and chemical stability. In this work, we present reactive sputtering as a method for fast deposition of metal oxynitrides as an encapsulant layer on AgNWs. Because O2 cannot be used as a reactive gas in the presence of oxidation-sensitive materials such as Ag, N2 is used under moderate sputtering base pressures to leverage residual H2O on the sample and chamber to deposit Al, Ti, and Zr oxynitrides (AlOxNy, TiOxNy, and ZrOxNy) on Ag nanowires on glass and polymer substrates. All encapsulants improve AgNW networks' electrical, thermal, and chemical stability. In particular, AlOxNy-encapsulated networks present exceptional chemical stability (negligible increase in resistance over 7 days at 80% relative humidity and 80 °C) and transparency (96% for 20 nm films on AgNWs), while TiOxNy demonstrates exceptional thermal and electrical stability (stability up to over temperatures 100 °C more than that of bare AgNW networks, with a maximum areal power density of 1.72 W/cm2, and no resistance divergence at up to 20 V), and ZrOxNy presents intermediate properties in all metrics. In summary, a novel method of oxynitride deposition, leveraging moderate base pressure reactive sputtering, is demonstrated for AgNW encapsulant deposition, which is compatible with roll-to-roll processes that are operated at commercial scales, and this technique can be extended to arbitrary, vacuum-compatible substrates and device architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maya L Reese
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim MS, Kim S, Choi J, Kim S, Han C, Lee Y, Jung Y, Park J, Oh S, Bae BS, Lim H, Park I. Stretchable Printed Circuit Board Based on Leak-Free Liquid Metal Interconnection and Local Strain Control. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:1826-1837. [PMID: 34931517 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to realize a transition from conventional to stretchable electronics, it is necessary to make a universal stretchable circuit board in which passive/active components can be robustly integrated. We developed a stretchable printed circuit board (s-PCB) platform that enables easy and reliable integration of various electronic components by utilizing a modulus-gradient polymeric substrate, liquid metal amalgam (LMA) circuit traces, and Ag nanowire (AgNW) contact pads. Due to the LMA-AgNW biphasic structure of interconnection, the LMA is hermetically sealed by a homogeneous interface, realizing complete leak-free characteristics. Furthermore, integration reliability is successfully achieved by local strain control of the stretchable substrate with a selective glass fiber reinforcement (GFR). A strain localization derived by GFR makes almost 50,000% of strain difference within the board, and the amount of deformation applied to the constituent elements can be engineered. We finally demonstrated that the proposed integrated platform can be utilized as a universal s-PCB capable of integrating rigid/conventional electronic components and soft material-based functional elements with negligible signal distortion under various mechanical deformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Seong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggi Kim
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdo Jung
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjong Oh
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Soo Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuneui Lim
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zheng D, Huang S, Zhu C, Xu P, Li Z, Wang H, Li J, Tian H, Yang H, Li J. Nanoscale Visualization of a Photoinduced Plasmonic Near-Field in a Single Nanowire by Free Electrons. Nano Lett 2021; 21:10238-10243. [PMID: 34860026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Swift electrons can undergo inelastic interactions not only with electrons but also with near-fields, which may result in an energy loss or gain. Developments in photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM) enable direct imaging of the plasmon near-field distribution with nanometer resolution. Here, we report an analysis of the surface plasmonic near-field structure based on PINEM observations of silver nanowires. Single-photon order-selected electron images revealed the wavelike and banded structure of electric equipotential regions for a confined near-field integral associated with typical absorption of photon quanta (nℏω). Multimodal plasmon oscillations and second-harmonic generation were simultaneously observed, and the polarization dependence of plasmon wavelength and symmetry properties were analyzed. Based on advanced imaging techniques, our work has implications for future studies of the localized-field structures at interfaces and visualization of novel phenomena in nanostructures, nanosensors, and plasmonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huanfang Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huaixin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co., Ltd., Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co., Ltd., Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tanaka H, Morinaga M, Tran-Cong-Miyata Q, Norisuye T, Holló G, Lagzi I, Nakanishi H. Patterning Silver Nanowires by Inducing Transient Concentration Gradients in Reaction Mixtures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:60462-60470. [PMID: 34881562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Patterning nanocrystals in polymer films is essential for the widespread use of nanocrystals in various fields from optics to electronics; therefore, the development of patterning methods for nanocrystals is an important task. Here, we report a unique approach for patterning silver nanowires (AgNWs) using a thermodynamic driving force induced by transient concentration gradients in reaction mixtures. The procedure starts with the preparation of a photocurable monomer solution containing homogeneously dispersed AgNWs. Ultraviolet illumination through a straight-line mask reduces the polymerization rate of monomers in the masked area, decreasing the polymer concentration in comparison with that in the unmasked area. Such transient polymer concentration gradients yield imbalances in the chemical potentials of AgNWs, inducing the migration of AgNWs to form a straight-line pattern of AgNWs. The pattern of AgNWs was visualized via photoluminescence imaging under a laser scanning confocal microscope and compared with the light patterns applied to the mixture. These observations revealed that the magnitude of the AgNW migration is enhanced as the transient concentration gradient increases by thickening the mask to decrease the intensity of light passing through the mask. The structural features of the AgNW pattern were reproduced using numerical simulations based on a set of reaction-diffusion equations, which suggested the key role of the polymerization kinetics characterized by the Trommsdorff-Norrish effect. Moreover, as the AgNW pattern becomes clearer, the electrical resistance along the patterns decreases and more complex patterns can be produced, indicating the potential of the method. Overall, the present patterning method constitutes a simple approach that only requires illumination through a mask to generate the AgNW pattern, which renders it a promising alternative for patterning nanocrystals in polymer films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tanaka
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Mamoru Morinaga
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Qui Tran-Cong-Miyata
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Norisuye
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Gábor Holló
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Physics Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Lagzi
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Physics Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu S, Cui Z, Baker GL, Mahendran S, Xie Z, Zhu Y. A Biaxially Stretchable and Self-Sensing Textile Heater Using Silver Nanowire Composite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:59085-59091. [PMID: 34860492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable heaters have garnered significant attention from academia and industry for their great potential in thermotherapy. Silver nanowire (AgNW) is a promising conductive material for flexible and stretchable electrodes. Here, a resistive, biaxially stretchable heater based on AgNW composite is reported for the first time, where a AgNW percolation network is encased in a thin polyimide (PI) film and integrated with a highly stretchable textile. AgNW/PI is patterned with a 2D Kirigami structure, which enables constant resistance under a large tensile strain (up to uniaxial 100% strain and 50% biaxial strain). The heater can achieve a high temperature of ∼140 °C with a low current of 0.125 A, fast heating and cooling rates of ∼16.5 and ∼14.1 °C s-1, respectively, and stable performance over 400 heating cycles. A feedback control system is developed to provide constant heating temperature under a temperature change of the surrounding environment. Demonstrated applications in applying thermotherapy at the curvilinear surface of the knee using the stretchable heater illustrate its promising potential for wearable applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - G Langston Baker
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Siddarth Mahendran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ziyang Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Przewłoka A, Smirnov S, Nefedova I, Krajewska A, Nefedov IS, Demchenko PS, Zykov DV, Chebotarev VS, But DB, Stelmaszczyk K, Dub M, Zasada D, Lisauskas A, Oberhammer J, Khodzitsky MK, Knap W, Lioubtchenko D. Characterization of Silver Nanowire Layers in the Terahertz Frequency Range. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7399. [PMID: 34885553 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thin layers of silver nanowires are commonly studied for transparent electronics. However, reports of their terahertz (THz) properties are scarce. Here, we present the electrical and optical properties of thin silver nanowire layers with increasing densities at THz frequencies. We demonstrate that the absorbance, transmittance and reflectance of the metal nanowire layers in the frequency range of 0.2 THz to 1.3 THz is non-monotonic and depends on the nanowire dimensions and filling factor. We also present and validate a theoretical approach describing well the experimental results and allowing the fitting of the THz response of the nanowire layers by a Drude–Smith model of conductivity. Our results pave the way toward the application of silver nanowires as a prospective material for transparent and conductive coatings, and printable antennas operating in the terahertz range—significant for future wireless communication devices.
Collapse
|
34
|
An EY, Lee S, Lee SG, Lee E, Baek JJ, Shin G, Choi KH, Cho JH, Bae GY. Self-Patterned Stretchable Electrode Based on Silver Nanowire Bundle Mesh Developed by Liquid Bridge Evaporation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11112865. [PMID: 34835632 PMCID: PMC8621255 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy is required to realize a low-cost stretchable electrode while realizing high stretchability, conductivity, and manufacturability. In this study, we fabricated a self-patterned stretchable electrode using a simple and scalable process. The stretchable electrode is composed of a bridged square-shaped (BSS) AgNW bundle mesh developed by liquid bridge evaporation and a stretchable polymer matrix patterned with a microcavity array. Owing to the BSS structure and microcavity array, which effectively concentrate the applied strain on the deformable square region of the BSS structure under tensile stretching, the stretchable electrode exhibits high stretchability with a low ΔR/R0 of 10.3 at a strain of 40%. Furthermore, by exploiting the self-patterning ability—attributable to the difference in the ability to form liquid bridges according to the distance between microstructures—we successfully demonstrated a stretchable AgNW bundle mesh with complex patterns without using additional patterning processes. In particular, stretchable electrodes were fabricated by spray coating and bar coating, which are widely used in industry for low-cost mass production. We believe that this study significantly contributes to the commercialization of stretchable electronics while achieving high performance and complex patterns, such as stretchable displays and electronic skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young An
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea;
| | - Eunho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea;
| | - Jeong Ju Baek
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Gyojic Shin
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Kyung Ho Choi
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.C.); (G.Y.B.)
| | - Geun Yeol Bae
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea; (E.Y.A.); (J.J.B.); (G.S.); (K.H.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.C.); (G.Y.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ge S, Cai Z, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Zhang L, Fang Y. The smart growth of self-assembled silver nanoloops. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:465604. [PMID: 34320483 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac18a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enclosed silver nanoloops have unique features in manipulating and controlling light. However, even the conception of their growth mechanism has not been established. The intermediate structure at the growth stage were revealed as the crucial issue for studying their smart growth mechanism of silver nanoloops and nanowires. Early growth stage showed that silver nanorods and nanoparticles were grown in their respective polyvinylpyrrolidone micelles. Then, the silver nanorods and nanoparticles were assembled in a rod-particle-rod pattern via micelle-micelle coupling, forming linear silver nanowires. These silver nanowires were attracted by Van der Waals forces forming the initial nanoloop. Notably, there was a silver nanoparticle between the ends of two adjacent nanowires. This silver nanoparticle acted like solder and played a crucial role in connecting the two adjacent nanowires; consequently, a silver nanoloop was formed. This finding also suggested that similar smart growth patterns might exist for other one-dimensional and looped nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Ge
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixue Cai
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling He
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijie Wang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kumar KS, Zhang L, Kalairaj MS, Banerjee H, Xiao X, Jiayi CC, Huang H, Lim CM, Ouyang J, Ren H. Stretchable and Sensitive Silver Nanowire-Hydrogel Strain Sensors for Proprioceptive Actuation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:37816-37829. [PMID: 34323464 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Safer human-robot interactions mandate the adoption of proprioceptive actuation. Strain sensors can detect the deformation of tools and devices in unstructured and capricious environments. However, such sensor integration in surgical/clinical settings is challenging due to confined spaces, structural complexity, and performance losses of tools and devices. Herein, we report a highly stretchable skin-like strain sensor based on a silver nanowire (AgNW) layer and hydrogel substrate. Our facile fabrication method utilizes thermal annealing to modulate the gauge factor (GF) by forming multidimensional wrinkles and a layered conductive network. The developed AgNW-hydrogel (AGel) sensors sustain and exhibit a strain-sensitive profile (max. GF = ∼70) with high stretchability (200%). Due to its conformability, the sensor demonstrates efficacy in integration and motion monitoring with minimal mechanical constraints. We provide contextual cognizance of tooltip during a transoral procedure by incorporating AGel sensors and showing the fabrication methodology's versatility by developing a hybrid self-sensing actuator with real-time performance feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirthika Senthil Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk EA, #03-09, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
| | - Manivannan Sivaperuman Kalairaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Hritwick Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Catherine Cai Jiayi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR Singapore, Fusionopolis Two, 4 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138635
| | - Hui Huang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR Singapore, Fusionopolis Two, 4 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138635
| | - Chwee Ming Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169547
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk EA, #03-09, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
| | - Hongliang Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim BS, Won S, Seo J, Jeong SK, Kim C, Kim KS, Kim SH, Cho SM, Kim JH. Embedded Reverse-Offset Printing of Silver Nanowires and Its Application to Double-Stacked Transparent Electrodes with Microscale Patterns. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:26601-26609. [PMID: 34033467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose an embedded reverse-offset printing (EROP) method, which generates silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes for display applications. The proposed EROP method can solve the two critical issues of microscale pattern formation and surface planarization. The AgNW electrode had a transmittance of 82% at 550 nm, a sheet resistance of 12.2 Ω/sq, and a 3.27 nm smooth surface. We realized the roll-based pattern formation of AgNW on a plastic substrate as small as 10 μm with negligible step differences to facilitate the proposed method. The proposed EROP method also produced a double-stacked AgNW electrode, enabling the simultaneous operation of separately micropatterned devices. To verify the usefulness of EROP, we fabricated an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device to demonstrate leakage current reduction and efficiency improvement compared with a conventional indium tin oxide (ITO)-based OLED device. The EROP-based OLED showed 38 and 25% higher current efficiencies than an insulator-patterned AgNW OLED and a conventional ITO-based OLED, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Sung Kim
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejeong Won
- Center for Advanced Meta-Materials (CAMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkook Seo
- Novel Material Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Jeong
- Novel Material Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Nanomechatronics, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seop Kim
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Nanomechatronics, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- Novel Material Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Nanomechatronics, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang P, Zhang C, Wu M, Zhang J, Ling X, Yang L. Scalable Solution-Processed Fabrication Approach for High-Performance Silver Nanowire/MXene Hybrid Transparent Conductive Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1360. [PMID: 34063882 PMCID: PMC8224074 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transparent conductive films (TCFs) based on silver nanowires are expected to be a next-generation electrode for flexible electronics. However, their defects such as easy oxidation and high junction resistance limit its wide application in practical situations. Herein, a method of coating Ti3C2Tx with different sizes was proposed to prepare silver nanowire/MXene composite films. The solution-processed silver nanowire (AgNW) networks were patched and welded by capillary force effect through the double-coatings of small and large MXene nanosheets. The sheet resistance of the optimized AgNW/MXene TCFs was 15.1 Ω/sq, the optical transmittance at 550 nm was 89.3%, and the figure of merit value was 214.4. Moreover, the AgNW/MXene TCF showed higher stability at 1600 mechanical bending, annealing at 100 °C for 50 h, and exposure to ambient air for 40 days. These results indicate that the novel AgNW/MXene TCFs have a great potential for high-performance flexible optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lianqiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Yanchang Road 149, Shanghai 200072, China; (P.W.); (C.Z.); (M.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zeng Z, Mavrona E, Sacré D, Kummer N, Cao J, Müller LAE, Hack E, Zolliker P, Nyström G. Terahertz Birefringent Biomimetic Aerogels Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Conductive Nanomaterials. ACS Nano 2021; 15:7451-7462. [PMID: 33871983 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic, lamellar, and highly porous transition-metal carbide (MXene) embedded cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels are assembled by a facile bidirectional freeze-drying approach. The biopolymer aerogels have large-scale, parallel-oriented micrometer-sized pores and show excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, tunable electrical properties, and low densities (2.7-20 mg/cm3). The CNF, MXene, and lamellar pores are efficiently utilized to endow the aerogels with exceptionally high birefringence in the terahertz (THz) regime. Birefringence values as high as 0.09-0.27 at 0.4 THz are achieved, which is comparable to most commercial THz birefringent materials such as liquid crystals, which suffer from fast disintegration, high cost, and complicated preparation processes. Empirical modeling for different MXene contents and an experimental comparison with silver nanowire or carbon nanotube embedded CNF aerogels suggest that the intrinsic conductivity and content of embedded nanomaterials, the aerogel porosity, and the lamellar cell walls can affect the optical properties such as the THz birefringence and absorption. The determination of optical anisotropy in the biopolymer aerogels lays a foundation for further exploration of ultralight, freestanding, and low-cost biomimetic porous architecture-based THz devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zeng
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elena Mavrona
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Sacré
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nico Kummer
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jingming Cao
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Luca A E Müller
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Erwin Hack
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter Zolliker
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jang J, Zhou H, Lee J, Kim H, In JB. Heat Scanning for the Fabrication of Conductive Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091405. [PMID: 33926139 PMCID: PMC8123635 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive fibers are essential building blocks for implementing various functionalities in a textile platform that is highly conformable to mechanical deformation. In this study, two major techniques were developed to fabricate silver-deposited conductive fibers. First, a droplet-coating method was adopted to coat a nylon fiber with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs). While conventional dip coating uses a large ink pool and thus wastes coating materials, droplet-coating uses minimal quantities of silver ink by translating a small ink droplet along the nylon fiber. Secondly, the silver-deposited fiber was annealed by similarly translating a tubular heater along the fiber to induce sintering of the AgNPs and AgNWs. This heat-scanning motion avoids excessive heating and subsequent thermal damage to the nylon fiber. The effects of heat-scanning time and heater power on the fiber conductance were systematically investigated. A conductive fiber with a resistance as low as ~2.8 Ω/cm (0.25 Ω/sq) can be produced. Finally, it was demonstrated that the conductive fibers can be applied in force sensors and flexible interconnectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Jang
- Soft Energy Systems and Laser Applications Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.J.); (J.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Haoyu Zhou
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Jungbae Lee
- Soft Energy Systems and Laser Applications Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.J.); (J.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Hakgae Kim
- Soft Energy Systems and Laser Applications Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.J.); (J.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Jung Bin In
- Soft Energy Systems and Laser Applications Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (J.J.); (J.L.); (H.K.)
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ha JH, Lim JH, Kim JW, Cho HY, Jo SG, Lee SH, Eom JY, Lee JM, Chung BG. Conductive GelMA-Collagen-AgNW Blended Hydrogel for Smart Actuator. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081217. [PMID: 33918789 PMCID: PMC8068890 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blended hydrogels play an important role in enhancing the properties (e.g., mechanical properties and conductivity) of hydrogels. In this study, we generated a conductive blended hydrogel, which was achieved by mixing gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) with collagen, and silver nanowire (AgNW). The ratio of GelMA, collagen and AgNW was optimized and was subsequently gelated by ultraviolet light (UV) and heat. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the conductive blended hydrogels showed that collagen and AgNW were present in the GelMA hydrogel. Additionally, rheological analysis indicated that the mechanical properties of the conductive GelMA–collagen–AgNW blended hydrogels improved. Biocompatibility analysis confirmed that the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) encapsulated within the three-dimensional (3D), conductive blended hydrogels were highly viable. Furthermore, we confirmed that the molecule in the conductive blended hydrogel was released by electrical stimuli-mediated structural deformation. Therefore, this conductive GelMA–collagen–AgNW blended hydrogel could be potentially used as a smart actuator for drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Jae Hyun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.H.L.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Ji Woon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.H.L.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Hyeon-Yeol Cho
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
| | - Seok Geun Jo
- Division of Chemical Industry, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 42415, Korea; (S.G.J.); (S.H.L.); (J.Y.E.)
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Division of Chemical Industry, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 42415, Korea; (S.G.J.); (S.H.L.); (J.Y.E.)
| | - Jae Young Eom
- Division of Chemical Industry, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 42415, Korea; (S.G.J.); (S.H.L.); (J.Y.E.)
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Division of Chemical Industry, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 42415, Korea; (S.G.J.); (S.H.L.); (J.Y.E.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.L.); (B.G.C.)
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.M.L.); (B.G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xiang Y, Chen J, Tang X, Wang R, Zhan Q, Lakowicz JR, Zhang D. Far-field optical imaging of surface plasmons with a subdiffraction limited separation. Nanophotonics 2021; 10:1099-1106. [PMID: 35330809 PMCID: PMC8942129 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2020-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When an ultrathin silver nanowire with a diameter less than 100 nm is placed on a photonic band gap structure, surface plasmons can be excited and propagate along two side-walls of the silver nanowire. Although the diameter of the silver nanowire is far below the diffraction limit, two bright lines can be clearly observed at the image plane by a standard wide-field optical microscope. Simulations suggest that the two bright lines in the far-field are caused by the unique phase distribution of plasmons on the two side-walls of the silver nanowire. Combining with the sensing ability of surface plasmons to its environment, the configuration reported in this work is capable of functioning as a sensing platform to monitor environmental changes in the near-field region of this ultrathin nanowire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Junxue Chen
- College of Science, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, Institute of Photonics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ruxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Qiwen Zhan
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2951, USA
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Corresponding author: Douguo Zhang, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, Institute of Photonics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schrenker N, Xie Z, Schweizer P, Moninger M, Werner F, Karpstein N, Mačković M, Spyropoulos GD, Göbelt M, Christiansen S, Brabec CJ, Bitzek E, Spiecker E. Microscopic Deformation Modes and Impact of Network Anisotropy on the Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Five-fold Twinned Silver Nanowire Electrodes. ACS Nano 2021; 15:362-376. [PMID: 33231422 PMCID: PMC7844834 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks show excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which make them ideal candidates for transparent electrodes in flexible and stretchable devices. Various coating strategies and testing setups have been developed to further improve their stretchability and to evaluate their performance. Still, a comprehensive microscopic understanding of the relationship between mechanical and electrical failure is missing. In this work, the fundamental deformation modes of five-fold twinned AgNWs in anisotropic networks are studied by large-scale SEM straining tests that are directly correlated with corresponding changes in the resistance. A pronounced effect of the network anisotropy on the electrical performance is observed, which manifests itself in a one order of magnitude lower increase in resistance for networks strained perpendicular to the preferred wire orientation. Using a scale-bridging microscopy approach spanning from NW networks to single NWs to atomic-scale defects, we were able to identify three fundamental deformation modes of NWs, which together can explain this behavior: (i) correlated tensile fracture of NWs, (ii) kink formation due to compression of NWs in transverse direction, and (iii) NW bending caused by the interaction of NWs in the strained network. A key observation is the extreme deformability of AgNWs in compression. Considering HRTEM and MD simulations, this behavior can be attributed to specific defect processes in the five-fold twinned NW structure leading to the formation of NW kinks with grain boundaries combined with V-shaped surface reconstructions, both counteracting NW fracture. The detailed insights from this microscopic study can further improve fabrication and design strategies for transparent NW network electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine
J. Schrenker
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhuocheng Xie
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Metallurgy and Metal Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 14, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Schweizer
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Moninger
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Werner
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Karpstein
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirza Mačković
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - George D. Spyropoulos
- Institute
of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
and ZAE Bayern: Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Göbelt
- Max-Planck
Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Christiansen
- Max-Planck
Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute
of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
and ZAE Bayern: Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz
Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI-EerN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erik Bitzek
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jang J, Choi JY, Jeon J, Lee J, Im J, Lee J, Jin SW, Park HJ, Lee SH, Kim DB, Chung CM, Cho S. Flexible Transparent Electrode Characteristics of Graphene Oxide/Cysteamine/AgNP/AgNW Structure. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10122352. [PMID: 33260819 PMCID: PMC7760301 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO)-cysteamine-Ag nanoparticles (GCA)-silver nanowire (AgNW) fabricated by depositing GCA over sprayed AgNWs on PET films were proposed for transparent and flexible electrodes, and their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, current-voltage measurements, and bending test. GCA-AgNW electrodes show optical transmittance of >80% at 550 nm and exhibit a high figure-of-merit value of up to 116.13 in the samples with sheet resistances of 20-40 Ω/◻. It was observed that the detrimental oxidation of bare AgNWs over time was considerably decreased, and the mechanical robustness was improved. To apply the layer as an actual electrode in working devices, a Pt/GO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate/GCA-AgNW/polyethylene terephthalate structure was fabricated, and resistive switching memory was demonstrated. On the basis of these results, we confirm that the proposed GCA-AgNW layer can be used as transparent and flexible electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Jang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Ju-Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Jihyun Jeon
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeongjun Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehyuk Im
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaegun Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Seung-Won Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Hyeong-Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Dam-Bi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
| | - Chan-Moon Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (H.-J.P.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-033-760-2266 (C.-M.C.); +82-033-760-2868 (S.C.)
| | - Soohaeng Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea; (J.J.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.I.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-033-760-2266 (C.-M.C.); +82-033-760-2868 (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guan F, Xie Y, Wu H, Meng Y, Shi Y, Gao M, Zhang Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Wang H, Pei Q. Silver Nanowire-Bacterial Cellulose Composite Fiber-Based Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Pressure and Proximity. ACS Nano 2020; 14:15428-15439. [PMID: 33030887 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-based sensors are desirable to provide an immersive experience for users in the human-computer interface. We report a hierarchically porous silver nanowire-bacterial cellulose fiber that can be utilized for sensitive detection of both pressure and proximity of human fingers. The conductive fiber was synthesized via continuous wet-spinning at a speed of 20 m/min, with a diameter of 53 μm, the electrical conductivity of 1.3 × 104 S/cm, a tensile strength of 198 MPa, and elongation strain of 3.0% at break. The fibers were coaxially coated with a 10 μm thick poly(dimethylsiloxane) dielectric elastomer to form the fiber sensor element which is thinner than a human hair. Two of the sensor fibers were laid diagonally, and the capacitance changes between the conductive cores were measured in response to pressure and proximity. In the touch mode, a fiber-based sensor experienced monotonic capacitance increase in the pressure range from 0 to 460 kPa, and a linear response with a high sensitivity of 5.49 kPa-1 was obtained in the low-pressure regime (<0.5 kPa). In touchless mode, the sensor is highly sensitive to objects at a distance of up to 30 cm. Also, the fiber can be easily stitched into garments as comfortable and fashionable sensors to detect heartbeat and vocal pulses. A fiber sensor array is able to serve as a touchless piano to play music and accurately determine the proximity of an object. A 2 × 2 array was further shown for two- and three-dimensional location detection of remote objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanxiang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ye Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu GS, Yang F, Xu J, Kong Y, Zheng H, Chen L, Chen Y, Wu MX, Yang BR, Luo Y, Chen Z. Ultrasonically Patterning Silver Nanowire-Acrylate Composite for Highly Sensitive and Transparent Strain Sensors Based on Parallel Cracks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:47729-47738. [PMID: 32967418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has long been a challenge to develop strain sensors with large gauge factor (GF) and high transparency for a broad strain range, to which field silver nanowires (AgNWs) have recently been applied. A dense nanowire (NW) network benefits achieving large stretchability, while a sparse NW network favors realizing high transparency and sensitive response to small strains. Herein, a patterned AgNW-acrylate composite-based strain sensor is developed to circumvent the above trade-off issue via a novel ultrasonication-based patterning technique, where a water-soluble, UV-curable acrylate composite was blended with AgNWs as both a tackifier and a photoresist for finely patterning dense AgNWs to achieve high transparency, while maintaining good stretchability. Moreover, the UV-cured AgNW-acrylate patterns are brittle and capable of forming parallel cracks which effectively evade the Poisson effect and thus increase the GF by more than 200-fold compared to that of the bulk AgNW film-based strain sensor. As a result, the AgNW-based strain sensor possesses a GF of ∼10,486 at a large strain (8%), a high transparency of 90.3%, and a maximum stretchability of 20% strain. The precise monitoring of human radial pulse and throat movements proves the great potential of this sensor as a measurement module for wearable healthcare systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiazhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yifei Kong
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Huajian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaofei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao Y, Fitzgerald ML, Tao Y, Pan Z, Sauti G, Xu D, Xu YQ, Li D. Electrical and Thermal Transport through Silver Nanowires and Their Contacts: Effects of Elastic Stiffening. Nano Lett 2020; 20:7389-7396. [PMID: 32833462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires have been widely adopted as nanofillers in composite materials used for various applications. Electrical and thermal properties of these composites are critical for proper device operation, and highly depend on transport through the nanowires and their contacts, yet studies on silver nanowires have been limited to one or two samples and no solid data have been reported for individual contacts. Through systematic measurements of silver nanowires of different sizes, we show that the Lorenz number increases with decreasing wire diameter and has a higher value at wire contacts. Examination of the corresponding electrical and thermal conductivities indicates that these changes are due to contributions of phonons that become more important as a result of elastic stiffening. The derived contact thermal conductance per unit area between silver nanowires is ∼10 times that between carbon nanotubes. This helps to explain the more significant thermal conductivity enhancement of silver nanowires-based composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Matthew L Fitzgerald
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhiliang Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Godfrey Sauti
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, United States
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu S, Yao S, Liu Y, Hu X, Huang HH, Zhu Y. Buckle-Delamination-Enabled Stretchable Silver Nanowire Conductors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:41696-41703. [PMID: 32808757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlled buckling and delamination of thin films on a compliant substrate has attracted much attention for applications ranging from micro/nanofabrication to flexible and stretchable electronics to bioengineering. Here, a highly conductive and stretchable conductor is fabricated by attaching a polymer composite film (with a thin layer of silver nanowires embedded below the surface of the polymer matrix) on top of a prestretched elastomer substrate followed with releasing the prestrain. A partially delaminated wavy geometry of the polymer film is created. During the evolution of the buckle-delamination, the blisters pop-up randomly but self-adjust into a uniform distribution, which effectively reduces the local strain in the silver nanowires. The resistance change of the conductor is less than 3% with the applied strain up to 100%. A theoretical model on the buckle-delamination structure is developed to predict the geometrical evolution, which agrees well with experimental observation. Finally, an integrated silver nanowire/elastomer sensing module and a stretchable thermochromic device are developed to demonstrate the utility of the stretchable conductor. This work highlights the important relevance of mechanics-based design in nanomaterial-enabled stretchable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Xiaogang Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - He Helen Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kang H, Choi SR, Kim YH, Kim JS, Kim S, An BS, Yang CW, Myoung JM, Lee TW, Kim JG, Cho JH. Electroplated Silver-Nickel Core-Shell Nanowire Network Electrodes for Highly Efficient Perovskite Nanoparticle Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39479-39486. [PMID: 32805957 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The low sheet resistance and high optical transparency of silver nanowires (AgNWs) make them a promising candidate for use as the flexible transparent electrode of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In a perovskite LED (PeLED), however, the AgNW electrode can react with the overlying perovskite material by redox reactions, which limit the electroluminescence efficiency of the PeLED by causing the degradation of and generating defect states in the perovskite material. In this study, we prepared Ag-Ni core-shell NW electrodes using the solution-electroplating technique to realize highly efficient PeLEDs based on colloidal formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) nanoparticles (NPs). Solvated Ni ions from the NiSO4 source were deposited onto the surface of AgNW networks in three steps: (i) cathodic cleaning, (ii) adsorption of the Ni-ion complex onto the AgNW surface, and (iii) uniform electrodeposition of Ni. An ultrathin (∼3.5 nm) Ni layer was uniformly deposited onto the AgNW surface, which exhibited a sheet resistance of 16.7 Ω/sq and an optical transmittance of 90.2%. The Ag-Ni core-shell NWs not only increased the work function of the AgNW electrode, which facilitated hole injection into the emitting layer, but also suppressed the redox reaction between Ag and FAPbBr3 NPs, which prevented the degradation of the emitting layer and the generation of defect states in it. The resulting PeLEDs based on FAPbBr3 NPs with the Ag-Ni core-shell NWs showed high current efficiency of 44.01 cd/A, power efficiency of 35.45 lm/W, and external quantum efficiency of 9.67%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jeong KY, Lee SW, Choi JH, So JP, Park HG. Integration of Single-Photon Emitters in 2D Materials with Plasmonic Waveguides at Room Temperature. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1663. [PMID: 32854316 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficient integration of a single-photon emitter with an optical waveguide is essential for quantum integrated circuits. In this study, we integrated a single-photon emitter in a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flake with a Ag plasmonic waveguide and measured its optical properties at room temperature. First, we performed numerical simulations to calculate the efficiency of light coupling from the emitter to the Ag plasmonic waveguide, depending on the position and polarization of the emitter. In the experiment, we placed a Ag nanowire, which acted as the plasmonic waveguide, near the defect of the h-BN, which acted as the single-photon emitter. The position and direction of the nanowire were precisely controlled using a stamping method. Our time-resolved photoluminescence measurement showed that the single-photon emission from the h-BN flake was enhanced to almost twice the intensity as a result of the coupling with the Ag nanowire. We expect these results to pave the way for the practical implementation of on-chip nanoscale quantum plasmonic integrated circuits.
Collapse
|