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Xiong S, Fukuda K, Nakano K, Lee S, Sumi Y, Takakuwa M, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Du B, Yokota T, Zhou Y, Tajima K, Someya T. Waterproof and ultraflexible organic photovoltaics with improved interface adhesion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:681. [PMID: 38302472 PMCID: PMC10834485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraflexible organic photovoltaics have emerged as a potential power source for wearable electronics owing to their stretchability and lightweight nature. However, waterproofing ultraflexible organic photovoltaics without compromising mechanical flexibility and conformability remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate waterproof and ultraflexible organic photovoltaics through the in-situ growth of a hole-transporting layer to strengthen interface adhesion between the active layer and anode. Specifically, a silver electrode is deposited directly on top of the active layers, followed by thermal annealing treatment. Compared with conventional sequentially-deposited hole-transporting layers, the in-situ grown hole-transporting layer exhibits higher thermodynamic adhesion between the active layers, resulting in better waterproofness. The fabricated 3 μm-thick organic photovoltaics retain 89% and 96% of their pristine performance after immersion in water for 4 h and 300 stretching/releasing cycles at 30% strain under water, respectively. Moreover, the ultraflexible devices withstand a machine-washing test with such a thin encapsulation layer, which has never been reported. Finally, we demonstrate the universality of the strategy for achieving waterproof solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixing Xiong
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinyoung Lee
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaro Sumi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Takakuwa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Baocai Du
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan.
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Gao D, Chen B, Sha X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Cao Y, Wang Y, Li L, Li X, Xu S, Yu H, Cheng L. Near infrared emissions from both high efficient quantum cutting (173%) and nearly-pure-color upconversion in NaY(WO 4) 2:Er 3+/Yb 3+ with thermal management capability for silicon-based solar cells. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:17. [PMID: 38225231 PMCID: PMC10789824 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Raising photoelectric conversion efficiency and enhancing heat management are two critical concerns for silicon-based solar cells. In this work, efficient Yb3+ infrared emissions from both quantum cutting and upconversion were demonstrated by adjusting Er3+ and Yb3+ concentrations, and thermo-manage-applicable temperature sensing based on the luminescence intensity ratio of two super-low thermal quenching levels was discovered in an Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped tungstate system. The quantum cutting mechanism was clearly decrypted as a two-step energy transfer process from Er3+ to Yb3+. The two-step energy transfer efficiencies, the radiative and nonradiative transition rates of all interested 4 f levels of Er3+ in NaY(WO4)2 were confirmed in the framework of Föster-Dexter theory, Judd-Ofelt theory, and energy gap law, and based on these obtained efficiencies and rates the quantum cutting efficiency was furthermore determined to be as high as 173% in NaY(WO4)2: 5 mol% Er3+/50 mol% Yb3+ sample. Strong and nearly pure infrared upconversion emission of Yb3+ under 1550 nm excitation was achieved in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped NaY(WO4)2 by adjusting Yb3+ doping concentrations. The Yb3+ induced infrared upconversion emission enhancement was attributed to the efficient energy transfer 4I11/2 (Er3+) + 2F7/2 (Yb3+) → 4I15/2 (Er3+) + 2F5/2 (Yb3+) and large nonradiative relaxation rate of 4I9/2. Analysis on the temperature sensing indicated that the NaY(WO4)2:Er3+/Yb3+ serves well the solar cells as thermos-managing material. Moreover, it was confirmed that the fluorescence thermal quenching of 2H11/2/4S3/2 was caused by the nonradiative relaxation of 4S3/2. All the obtained results suggest that NaY(WO4)2:Er3+/Yb3+ is an excellent material for silicon-based solar cells to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency and thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Gao
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Baojiu Chen
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xuezhu Sha
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Xizhen Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinsu Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongze Cao
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Sai Xu
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongquan Yu
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Lihong Cheng
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
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3
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Perrakis G, Tasolamprou AC, Kakavelakis G, Petridis K, Graetzel M, Kenanakis G, Tzortzakis S, Kafesaki M. Infrared-reflective ultrathin-metal-film-based transparent electrode with ultralow optical loss for high efficiency in solar cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:548. [PMID: 38177236 PMCID: PMC10766980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work we study in-depth the antireflection and filtering properties of ultrathin-metal-film-based transparent electrodes (MTEs) integrated in thin-film solar cells. Based on numerical optimization of the MTE design and the experimental characterization of thin-film perovskite solar cell (PSC) samples, we show that reflection in the visible spectrum can be strongly suppressed, in contrast to common belief (due to the compact metal layer). The optical loss of the optimized electrode (~ 2.9%), composed of a low-resistivity metal and an insulator, is significantly lower than that of a conventional transparent conductive oxide (TCO ~ 6.3%), thanks to the very high transmission of visible light within the cell (> 91%) and low thickness (< 70 nm), whereas the reflection of infrared light (~ 70%) improves by > 370%. To assess the application potentials, integrated current density > 25 mA/cm2, power conversion efficiency > 20%, combined with vastly reduced device heat load by 177.1 W/m2 was achieved in state-of-the-art PSCs. Our study aims to set the basis for a novel interpretation of composite electrodes/structures, such as TCO-metal-TCO, dielectric-metal-dielectric or insulator-metal-insulator, and hyperbolic metamaterials, in high-efficiency optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, semi-transparent, and concentrated systems, and other electro-optical components including smart windows, light-emitting diodes, and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Perrakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Anna C Tasolamprou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kakavelakis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Romanou 3, Chalepa, 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece.
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Konstantinos Petridis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Romanou 3, Chalepa, 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Graetzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stelios Tzortzakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Texas A&M University at Qatar, 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria Kafesaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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4
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Mohammadi MH, Eskandari M, Fathi D. Morphological investigation and 3D simulation of plasmonic nanostructures to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18584. [PMID: 37903845 PMCID: PMC10616107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The light absorption process is a key factor in improving the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Using arrays of metal nanostructures on semiconductors such as perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3), the amount of light absorption in these layers is significantly increased. Metal nanostructures have been considered for their ability to excite plasmons (collective oscillations of free electrons). Noble metal nanoparticles placed inside solar cells, by increasing the scattering of the incident light, effectively increase the optical absorption inside PSCs; this in turn increases the electric current generated in the photovoltaic device. In this work, by calculating the cross-sectional area of dispersion and absorption on gold (Au) nanoparticles, the effects of the position of nanoparticles in the active layer (AL) and their morphology on the increase of absorption within the PSC are investigated. The optimal position of the plasmonic nanoparticle was obtained in the middle of the AL using a three-dimensional simulation method. Then, three different morphologies of nano-sphere, nano-star and nano-cubes were investigated, where the short-circuit currents (Jsc) for these three nanostructures were obtained equal to 19.01, 18.66 and 20.03 mA/cm2, respectively. In our study, the best morphology of the nanostructure according to the Jsc value was related to the nano-cube, in which the device power conversion efficiency was equal to 16.20%, which is about 15% better than the PSC with the planar architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Eskandari
- Nanomaterial Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) on TMU, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Fathi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Wang Y, Zheng Z, Wang J, Bi P, Chen Z, Ren J, An C, Zhang S, Hou J. Organic laser power converter for efficient wireless micro power transfer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5511. [PMID: 37679350 PMCID: PMC10484967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireless power transfer with collimated power transmission and efficient conversion provides an alternative charging mode for off-grid and portable micro-power electronics. However, charging micro-power electronics with low photon flux can be challenging for current laser power converters. Here we show laser power converters with organic photovoltaic cells with good performance for application in laser wireless power transfer. The laser selection strategy is established and the upper limit of efficiency is proposed. The organic laser power converters exhibit a 36.2% efficiency at a 660 nm laser with a photon flux of 9.5 mW cm-2 and achieve wireless micro power transfer with an output of 0.5 W on a 2 meter scale. This work shows the good performance of organic photovoltaic cells in constructing organic laser power converters and provides a potential solution for the wireless power transfer of micro-power electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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6
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Lombini M, Schreiber L, Albertini R, Alessi EM, Attinà P, Bianco A, Cascone E, Colucci ME, Cortecchia F, De Caprio V, Diolaiti E, Fiorini M, Lessio L, Macchi A, Malaguti G, Mongelluzzo G, Pareschi G, Pelizzo MG, Pasquarella C. Solar ultraviolet light collector for germicidal irradiation on the moon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8326. [PMID: 37221252 PMCID: PMC10204019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged human-crewed missions on the Moon are foreseen as a gateway for Mars and asteroid colonisation in the next decades. Health risks related to long-time permanence in space have been partially investigated. Hazards due to airborne biological contaminants represent a relevant problem in space missions. A possible way to perform pathogens' inactivation is by employing the shortest wavelength range of Solar ultraviolet radiation, the so-called germicidal range. On Earth, it is totally absorbed by the atmosphere and does not reach the surface. In space, such Ultraviolet solar component is present and effective germicidal irradiation for airborne pathogens' inactivation can be achieved inside habitable outposts through a combination of highly reflective internal coating and optimised geometry of the air ducts. The Solar Ultraviolet Light Collector for Germicidal Irradiation on the Moon is a project whose aim is to collect Ultraviolet solar radiation and use it as a source to disinfect the re-circulating air of the human outposts. The most favourable positions where to place these collectors are over the peaks at the Moon's poles, which have the peculiarity of being exposed to solar radiation most of the time. On August 2022, NASA communicated to have identified 13 candidate landing regions near the lunar South Pole for Artemis missions. Another advantage of the Moon is its low inclination to the ecliptic, which maintains the Sun's apparent altitude inside a reduced angular range. For this reason, Ultraviolet solar radiation can be collected through a simplified Sun's tracking collector or even a static collector and used to disinfect the recycled air. Fluid-dynamic and optical simulations have been performed to support the proposed idea. The expected inactivation rates for some airborne pathogens, either common or found on the International Space Station, are reported and compared with the proposed device efficiency. The results show that it is possible to use Ultraviolet solar radiation directly for air disinfection inside the lunar outposts and deliver a healthy living environment to the astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lombini
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Schreiber
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Albertini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Maria Alessi
- Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche "E. Magenes" - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Primo Attinà
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, LC, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, LC, Italy
| | - Enrico Cascone
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fausto Cortecchia
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Caprio
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Diolaiti
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Fiorini
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Lessio
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Macchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, LC, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Malaguti
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mongelluzzo
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pareschi
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, LC, Italy
| | - Maria G Pelizzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
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7
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Wang Y, Lin R, Wang X, Liu C, Ahmed Y, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Li H, Zhang M, Gao Y, Luo H, Wu P, Gao H, Zheng X, Li M, Liu Z, Kong W, Li L, Liu K, Saidaminov MI, Zhang L, Tan H. Oxidation-resistant all-perovskite tandem solar cells in substrate configuration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1819. [PMID: 37002238 PMCID: PMC10066323 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The commonly-used superstrate configuration (depositing front subcell first and then depositing back subcell) in all-perovskite tandem solar cells is disadvantageous for long-term stability due to oxidizable narrow-bandgap perovskite assembled last and easily exposable to air. Here we reverse the processing order and demonstrate all-perovskite tandems in a substrate configuration (depositing back subcell first and then depositing front subcell) to bury oxidizable narrow-bandgap perovskite deep in the device stack. By using guanidinium tetrafluoroborate additive in wide-bandgap perovskite subcell, we achieve an efficiency of 25.3% for the substrate-configured all-perovskite tandem cells. The unencapsulated devices exhibit no performance degradation after storage in dry air for 1000 hours. The substrate configuration also widens the choice of flexible substrates: we achieve 24.1% and 20.3% efficient flexible all-perovskite tandem solar cells on copper-coated polyethylene naphthalene and copper metal foil, respectively. Substrate configuration offers a promising route to unleash the commercial potential of all-perovskite tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Renxing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenshuaiyu Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yameen Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Zilong Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjiang Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haowen Luo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pu Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Han Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuntian Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Manya Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenchi Kong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ludong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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8
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Sun C, Wu CS, Lin YS, Kao TS, Fang ST, Chiu YH, Sun CC. Hybrid high-concentration photovoltaic system designed for different weather conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5206. [PMID: 36997562 PMCID: PMC10063608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel high-concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) cell by considering both the light leakage characteristics of the Fresnel-lens-based solar cell modules and the performance issues arising from cloud shading in practical use. We use our self-constructed systems to conduct field measurements for up to half a year under various environmental conditions. According to the acquired results, it was surprising to know that in the area other than the focusing area, the so-called light leakage region, there always bears illuminance of about 20,000-40,000 lx whether it is a sunny day or a cloudy day with different cloud conditions. Such an interesting result is caused by the light scattering of the clouds and the inherent leakage characteristic of a Fresnel lens. To prove this important finding, we simulated the illuminance of the Fresnel lens structure used in the measurement with apertures of different sizes to determine the detected area. In the laboratory, the diffuse plates were used to mimic the situation of varying cloud layer thicknesses. The trend of calculated and measured results fitted well with the field measurements. Also, the experimental and simulation results show that the round angle and draft facet of the Fresnel lens were responsible for light leakage. This finding prompted us to propose a hybrid high-concentration solar module in which more cost-effective polycrystalline silicon solar cells are placed around the high-efficiency wafer of HCPV to capture the dissipated light leakage and convert it into usable electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Sun
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shou Wu
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Sheng Lin
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Tsung Sheng Kao
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Ting Fang
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsuan Chiu
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cherng Sun
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
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9
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Movla H, Shahalizad A, Asgari A. A numerical study on the relationship between the doping and performance in P3HT:PCBM organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2031. [PMID: 36739332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we perform a simulation analysis to investigate the influence of p-type and n-type doping concentration in BHJ SCs using the drift-diffusion model. Specifically, we investigate the effect of doping on the charge carrier transport and calculate the above-mentioned device parameters. We show that doping the active layer can increase the cell characteristic parameters, that the results are in an excellent agreement with the experimental results previously reported in the literature. We also show that doping causes space charge effects which subsequently lead to redistribution of the internal electric field in the device. Our results reveal that higher doping levels lead to screening the electrical field in the P3HT:PCBM active region. This in turn forces the charge carrier transport to be solely dominated by the diffusion, consequently decreasing the performance of the device. We also show that doping of the active layer to an optimum level can effectively improve the charge transport. Moreover, we show that doping can create an Ohmic contact between the organic and cathode interface. Additionally, the charge carrier concentration profile shows that by increasing the dopant concentration, the [Formula: see text] can be improved remarkably. Upon doping the active layer, this indicates that illumination can simply reduce the series resistance in the device.
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10
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Mahesh S, Chen B, Sargent EH. All-perovskite tandems go bifacial. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 36593235 PMCID: PMC9807571 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All-perovskite tandem cells are attractive candidates for next-generation photovoltaic technology as they hold the potential to combine high-efficiency with low weight and reduced energy-payback times. Now, researchers show that such tandem cells can be engineering to be bifacial, allowing them to utilize stray light reflected off the surrounding environment, resulting in a 17% boost in the power output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Mahesh
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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11
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Cai X, Liu F, Yu A, Qin J, Hatamvand M, Ahmed I, Luo J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhan Y. Data-driven design of high-performance MASn xPb 1-xI 3 perovskite materials by machine learning and experimental realization. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:234. [PMID: 35882845 PMCID: PMC9325779 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell is determined by multiple interrelated factors, such as perovskite compositions, electronic properties of each transport layer and fabrication parameters, which makes it rather challenging for optimization of device performances and discovery of underlying mechanisms. Here, we propose and realize a novel machine learning approach based on forward-reverse framework to establish the relationship between key parameters and photovoltaic performance in high-profile MASnxPb1-xI3 perovskite materials. The proposed method establishes the asymmetrically bowing relationship between band gap and Sn composition, which is precisely verified by our experiments. Based on the analysis of structural evolution and SHAP library, the rapid-change region and low-bandgap plateau region for small and large Sn composition are explained, respectively. By establishing the models for photovoltaic parameters of working photovoltaic devices, the deviation of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage with band gap in defective-zone and low-bandgap-plateau regions from Shockley-Queisser theory is captured by our models, and the former is due to the deep-level traps formed by crystallographic distortion and the latter is due to the enhanced susceptibility by increased Sn4+ content. The more difficulty for hole extraction than electron is also concluded in the models and the prediction curve of power conversion efficiency is in a good agreement with Shockley-Queisser limit. With the help of search and optimization algorithms, an optimized Sn:Pb composition ratio near 0.6 is finally obtained for high-performance perovskite solar cells, then verified by our experiments. Our constructive method could also be applicable to other material optimization and efficient device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cai
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fengcai Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Anran Yu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Qin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Hatamvand
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiayan Luo
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, Zhejiang, 322000, China.
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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12
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Zhang F, Castaneda JF, Gfroerer TH, Friedman D, Zhang YH, Wanlass MW, Zhang Y. An all optical approach for comprehensive in-operando analysis of radiative and nonradiative recombination processes in GaAs double heterostructures. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:137. [PMID: 35562347 PMCID: PMC9106719 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all optical approach that can surprisingly offer the possibility of yielding much more information than one would expect, pertinent to the carrier recombination dynamics via both radiative and nonradiative processes when only one dominant deep defect level is present in a semiconductor material. By applying a band-defect state coupling model that explicitly treats the inter-band radiative recombination and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination via the deep defect states on an equal footing for any defect center occupation fraction, and analyzing photoluminescence (PL) as a function of excitation density over a wide range of the excitation density (e.g., 5-6 orders in magnitude), in conjunction with Raman measurements of the LO-phonon plasmon (LOPP) coupled mode, nearly all of the key parameters relevant to the recombination processes can be obtained. They include internal quantum efficiency (IQE), minority and majority carrier density, inter-band radiative recombination rate (Wr), minority carrier nonradiative recombination rate (Wnr), defect center occupation fraction (f), defect center density (Nt), and minority and majority carrier capture cross-sections (σt and σtM). While some of this information is thought to be obtainable optically, such as IQE and the Wr/Wnr ratio, most of the other parameters are generally considered to be attainable only through electrical techniques, such as current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Following a procedure developed herein, this approach has been successfully applied to three GaAs double-heterostructures that exhibit two distinctly different nonradiative recombination characteristics. The method greatly enhances the usefulness of the simple PL technique to an unprecedented level, facilitating comprehensive material and device characterization without the need for any device processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Jose F Castaneda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | | | - Daniel Friedman
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Yong-Hang Zhang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
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13
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Yao K, Li S, Liu Z, Ying Y, Dvořák P, Fei L, Šikola T, Huang H, Nordlander P, Jen AKY, Lei D. Author Correction: Plasmon-induced trap filling at grain boundaries in perovskite solar cells. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:18. [PMID: 35042851 PMCID: PMC8766460 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yao
- Institute of Photovoltaics/Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Institute of Photovoltaics/Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yiran Ying
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, Brno, 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Linfeng Fei
- Institute of Photovoltaics/Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tomáš Šikola
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, Brno, 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Yao K, Li S, Liu Z, Ying Y, Dvořák P, Fei L, Šikola T, Huang H, Nordlander P, Jen AKY, Lei D. Plasmon-induced trap filling at grain boundaries in perovskite solar cells. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:219. [PMID: 34711799 PMCID: PMC8553803 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The deep-level traps induced by charged defects at the grain boundaries (GBs) of polycrystalline organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) films serve as major recombination centres, which limit the device performance. Herein, we incorporate specially designed poly(3-aminothiophenol)-coated gold (Au@PAT) nanoparticles into the perovskite absorber, in order to examine the influence of plasmonic resonance on carrier dynamics in perovskite solar cells. Local changes in the photophysical properties of the OIHP films reveal that plasmon excitation could fill trap sites at the GB region through photo-brightening, whereas transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations correlate this photo-brightening of trap states with plasmon-induced interfacial processes. As a result, the device achieved the best efficiency of 22.0% with robust operational stability. Our work provides unambiguous evidence for plasmon-induced trap occupation in OIHP and reveals that plasmonic nanostructures may be one type of efficient additives to overcome the recombination losses in perovskite solar cells and thin-film solar cells in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yao
- Institute of Photovoltaics/Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Institute of Photovoltaics/Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yiran Ying
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, Brno, 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Linfeng Fei
- Institute of Photovoltaics/Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tomáš Šikola
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, Brno, 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Zhang S. Metafabrics for cooling under a scorching sun. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:218. [PMID: 34707129 PMCID: PMC8551170 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the spectral response of composite materials in a broad range from ultraviolet to infrared can lead to a significant passive cooling functionality. This principle is applied to the design of a novel type of metafabric for cooling the human body under direct sunlight. Besides cooling effect, the metafabric features other merits including superior mechanical and wetting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Çetinkaya Ç, Çokduygulular E, Kınacı B, Güzelçimen F, Özen Y, Efkere Hİ, Candan İ, Emik S, Özçelik S. Design and fabrication of a semi-transparent solar cell considering the effect of the layer thickness of MoO 3/Ag/MoO 3 transparent top contact on optical and electrical properties. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13079. [PMID: 34158559 PMCID: PMC8219690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted the present study to design and manufacture a semi-transparent organic solar cell (ST-OSC). First, we formed a transparent top contact as MoO3/Ag/MoO3 in a dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) structure. We performed the production of an FTO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3/Ag/MoO3 ST-OSC by integrating MoO3/Ag/MoO3 (10/[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] nm) instead of an Ag electrode in an opaque FTO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3/Ag (-/40/130/10/100 nm) OSC, after theoretically achieving optimal values of optical and electrical parameters depending on Ag layer thickness. The transparency decreased with the increase of [Formula: see text] values for current DMD. Meanwhile, maximum transmittance and average visible transmittance (AVT) indicated the maximum values of over 92% for [Formula: see text] = 4 and 8 nm, respectively. For ST-OSCs, the absorption and reflectance increased in the visible region by a wavelength of longer than 560 nm and in the whole near-infrared region by increasing [Formula: see text] up to 16 nm. Moreover, in the CIE chromaticity diagram, we reported a shift towards the D65 Planckian locus for colour coordinates of current ST-OSCs. Electrical analysis indicated the photogenerated current density and AVT values for [Formula: see text] nm as 63.30 mA/cm2 and 38.52%, respectively. Thus, the theoretical and experimental comparison of optical and electrical characteristics confirmed that the manufactured structure is potentially conducive for a high-performance ST-OSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağlar Çetinkaya
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erman Çokduygulular
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Kınacı
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Güzelçimen
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yunus Özen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
- Photonics Application and Research Center, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Efkere
- Photonics Application and Research Center, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
- Deparment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İdris Candan
- Department of Physics, Kocaeli University, 41001, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serkan Emik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Özçelik
- Photonics Application and Research Center, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Photonics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Kiligaridis A, Frantsuzov PA, Yangui A, Seth S, Li J, An Q, Vaynzof Y, Scheblykin IG. Are Shockley-Read-Hall and ABC models valid for lead halide perovskites? Nat Commun 2021; 12:3329. [PMID: 34099662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are an important class of emerging semiconductors. Their charge carrier dynamics is poorly understood due to limited knowledge of defect physics and charge carrier recombination mechanisms. Nevertheless, classical ABC and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) models are ubiquitously applied to perovskites without considering their validity. Herein, an advanced technique mapping photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as a function of both the excitation pulse energy and repetition frequency is developed and employed to examine the validity of these models. While ABC and SRH fail to explain the charge dynamics in a broad range of conditions, the addition of Auger recombination and trapping to the SRH model enables a quantitative fitting of PLQY maps and low-power PL decay kinetics, and extracting trap concentrations and efficacies. However, PL kinetics at high power are too fast and cannot be explained. The proposed PLQY mapping technique is ideal for a comprehensive testing of theories and applicable to any semiconductor.
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18
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Su R, Xu Z, Wu J, Luo D, Hu Q, Yang W, Yang X, Zhang R, Yu H, Russell TP, Gong Q, Zhang W, Zhu R. Dielectric screening in perovskite photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2479. [PMID: 33931635 PMCID: PMC8087789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of perovskite photovoltaics is fundamentally impeded by the presence of undesirable defects that contribute to non-radiative losses within the devices. Although mitigating these losses has been extensively reported by numerous passivation strategies, a detailed understanding of loss origins within the devices remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the defect capturing probability estimated by the capture cross-section is decreased by varying the dielectric response, producing the dielectric screening effect in the perovskite. The resulting perovskites also show reduced surface recombination and a weaker electron-phonon coupling. All of these boost the power conversion efficiency to 22.3% for an inverted perovskite photovoltaic device with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.25 V and a low voltage deficit of 0.37 V (a bandgap ~1.62 eV). Our results provide not only an in-depth understanding of the carrier capture processes in perovskites, but also a promising pathway for realizing highly efficient devices via dielectric regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Deying Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hongyu Yu
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Material (SCICDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Gamel MMA, Ker PJ, Lee HJ, Rashid WESWA, Hannan MA, David JPR, Jamaludin MZ. Multi-dimensional optimization of In 0.53Ga 0.47As thermophotovoltaic cell using real coded genetic algorithm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7741. [PMID: 33833263 PMCID: PMC8032727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimization of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cell efficiency is essential since it leads to a significant increase in the output power. Typically, the optimization of In0.53Ga0.47As TPV cell has been limited to single variable such as the emitter thickness, while the effects of the variation in other design variables are assumed to be negligible. The reported efficiencies of In0.53Ga0.47As TPV cell mostly remain < 15%. Therefore, this work develops a multi-variable or multi-dimensional optimization of In0.53Ga0.47As TPV cell using the real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) at various radiation temperatures. RCGA was developed using Visual Basic and it was hybridized with Silvaco TCAD for the electrical characteristics simulation. Under radiation temperatures from 800 to 2000 K, the optimized In0.53Ga0.47As TPV cell efficiency increases by an average percentage of 11.86% (from 8.5 to 20.35%) as compared to the non-optimized structure. It was found that the incorporation of a thicker base layer with the back-barrier layers enhances the separation of charge carriers and increases the collection of photo-generated carriers near the band-edge, producing an optimum output power of 0.55 W/cm2 (cell efficiency of 22.06%, without antireflection coating) at 1400 K radiation spectrum. The results of this work demonstrate the great potential to generate electricity sustainably from industrial waste heat and the multi-dimensional optimization methodology can be adopted to optimize semiconductor devices, such as solar cell, TPV cell and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur Mohammed Ali Gamel
- grid.484611.e0000 0004 1798 3541Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Pin Jern Ker
- grid.484611.e0000 0004 1798 3541Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hui Jing Lee
- grid.484611.e0000 0004 1798 3541Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - M. A. Hannan
- grid.484611.e0000 0004 1798 3541Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - J. P. R. David
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - M. Z. Jamaludin
- grid.484611.e0000 0004 1798 3541Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
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20
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You P, Tang G, Cao J, Shen D, Ng TW, Hawash Z, Wang N, Liu CK, Lu W, Tai Q, Qi Y, Lee CS, Yan F. 2D materials for conducting holes from grain boundaries in perovskite solar cells. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:68. [PMID: 33790230 PMCID: PMC8012639 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grain boundaries in organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been found to be detrimental to the photovoltaic performance of devices. Here, we develop a unique approach to overcome this problem by modifying the edges of perovskite grain boundaries with flakes of high-mobility two-dimensional (2D) materials via a convenient solution process. A synergistic effect between the 2D flakes and perovskite grain boundaries is observed for the first time, which can significantly enhance the performance of PSCs. We find that the 2D flakes can conduct holes from the grain boundaries to the hole transport layers in PSCs, thereby making hole channels in the grain boundaries of the devices. Hence, 2D flakes with high carrier mobilities and short distances to grain boundaries can induce a more pronounced performance enhancement of the devices. This work presents a cost-effective strategy for improving the performance of PSCs by using high-mobility 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng You
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanqi Tang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiupeng Cao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Shen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Wai Ng
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zafer Hawash
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Naixiang Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ki Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Lu
- University Research Facility in Materials Characterization and Device Fabrication, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qidong Tai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yabing Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Tavakkolnia I, Jagadamma LK, Bian R, Manousiadis PP, Videv S, Turnbull GA, Samuel IDW, Haas H. Organic photovoltaics for simultaneous energy harvesting and high-speed MIMO optical wireless communications. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:41. [PMID: 33623027 PMCID: PMC7902835 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We show that organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are suitable for high-speed optical wireless data receivers that can also harvest power. In addition, these OPVs are of particular interest for indoor applications, as their bandgap is larger than that of silicon, leading to better matching to the spectrum of artificial light. By selecting a suitable combination of a narrow bandgap donor polymer and a nonfullerene acceptor, stable OPVs are fabricated with a power conversion efficiency of 8.8% under 1 Sun and 14% under indoor lighting conditions. In an optical wireless communication experiment, a data rate of 363 Mb/s and a simultaneous harvested power of 10.9 mW are achieved in a 4-by-4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) setup that consists of four laser diodes, each transmitting 56 mW optical power and four OPV cells on a single panel as receivers at a distance of 40 cm. This result is the highest reported data rate using OPVs as data receivers and energy harvesters. This finding may be relevant to future mobile communication applications because it enables enhanced wireless data communication performance while prolonging the battery life in a mobile device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Tavakkolnia
- LiFi Research and Development Centre, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, The University of Strathclyde, Technology & Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Lethy K Jagadamma
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Rui Bian
- pureLiFi, Rosebery House, 9 Haymarket Terrace, Edinburgh, EH12 5EZ, UK
| | - Pavlos P Manousiadis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Stefan Videv
- LiFi Research and Development Centre, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, The University of Strathclyde, Technology & Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Graham A Turnbull
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Harald Haas
- LiFi Research and Development Centre, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, The University of Strathclyde, Technology & Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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22
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Huang G, Wang K, Markides CN. Efficiency limits of concentrating spectral-splitting hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) solar collectors and systems. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:28. [PMID: 33542174 PMCID: PMC7862645 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Spectral splitting is an approach to the design of hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors that promises significant performance benefits. However, the ultimate efficiency limits, optimal PV cell materials and optical filters of spectral-splitting PVT (SSPVT) collectors remain unclear, with a lack of consensus in the literature. We develop an idealized model of SSPVT collectors and use this to determine their electrical and thermal efficiency limits, and to uncover how these limits can be approached through the selection of optimal PV cell materials and spectral-splitting filters. Assuming that thermal losses can be minimized, the efficiency limit, optimal PV material and optimal filter all depend strongly on a coefficient w, which quantifies the value of the delivered thermal energy relative to that of the generated electricity. The total (electrical plus thermal) efficiency limit of SSPVT collectors increases at higher w and at higher optical concentrations. The optimal spectral-splitting filter is defined by sharp lower- and upper-bound energies; the former always coincides with the bandgap of the cell, whereas the latter decreases at higher w. The total effective efficiency limit of SSPVT collectors is over 20% higher than those of either standalone PV modules or standalone ST collectors when w is in the range from 0.35 to 0.50 and up to 30% higher at w ≈ 0.4. This study provides a method for identifying the efficiency limits of ideal SSPVT collectors and reports these limits, along with guidance for selecting optimal PV materials and spectral-splitting filters under different conditions and in different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Huang
- Clean Energy Processes (CEP) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Christos N Markides
- Clean Energy Processes (CEP) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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23
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Afzal AM, Bae IG, Aggarwal Y, Park J, Jeong HR, Choi EH, Park B. Highly efficient self-powered perovskite photodiode with an electron-blocking hole-transport NiO x layer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:169. [PMID: 33420313 PMCID: PMC7794468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials provide noteworthy compact systems that could offer ground-breaking architectures for dynamic operations and advanced engineering in high-performance energy-harvesting optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrate a highly effective self-powered perovskite-based photodiode with an electron-blocking hole-transport layer (NiOx). A high value of responsivity (R = 360 mA W-1) with good detectivity (D = 2.1 × 1011 Jones) and external quantum efficiency (EQE = 76.5%) is achieved due to the excellent interface quality and suppression of the dark current at zero bias voltage owing to the NiOx layer, providing outcomes one order of magnitude higher than values currently in the literature. Meanwhile, the value of R is progressively increased to 428 mA W-1 with D = 3.6 × 1011 Jones and EQE = 77% at a bias voltage of - 1.0 V. With a diode model, we also attained a high value of the built-in potential with the NiOx layer, which is a direct signature of the improvement of the charge-selecting characteristics of the NiOx layer. We also observed fast rise and decay times of approximately 0.9 and 1.8 ms, respectively, at zero bias voltage. Hence, these astonishing results based on the perovskite active layer together with the charge-selective NiOx layer provide a platform on which to realise high-performance self-powered photodiode as well as energy-harvesting devices in the field of optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - In-Gon Bae
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Yushika Aggarwal
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ryeon Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Byoungchoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea.
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24
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Portnoi M, Haigh PA, Macdonald TJ, Ambroz F, Parkin IP, Darwazeh I, Papakonstantinou I. Bandwidth limits of luminescent solar concentrators as detectors in free-space optical communication systems. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 33386386 PMCID: PMC7775919 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have recently emerged as a promising receiver technology in free-space optical communications due to their inherent ability to collect light from a wide field-of-view and concentrate it into small areas, thus leading to high optical gains. Several high-speed communication systems integrating LSCs in their detector blocks have already been demonstrated, with the majority of efforts so far being devoted to maximising the received optical power and the system's field-of-view. However, LSCs may pose a severe bottleneck on the bandwidth of such communication channels due to the comparably slow timescale of the fluorescence events involved, a situation further aggravated by the inherent reabsorption in these systems, and yet, an in-depth study into such dynamic effects remains absent in the field. To fill this gap, we have developed a comprehensive analytical solution that delineates the fundamental bandwidth limits of LSCs as optical detectors in arbitrary free-space optical links, and establishes their equivalence with simple RC low-pass electrical circuits. Furthermore, we demonstrate a time-domain Monte Carlo simulation platform, an indispensable tool in the multiparameter optimisation of LSC-based receiver systems. Our work offers vital insight into LSC system dynamic behaviour and paves the way to evaluate the technology for a wide range of applications, including visible light communications, high-speed video recording, and real-time biological imaging, to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Portnoi
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Izzat Darwazeh
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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25
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Tooghi A, Fathi D, Eskandari M. Numerical study of a highly efficient light trapping nanostructure of perovskite solar cell on a textured silicon substrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18699. [PMID: 33122757 PMCID: PMC7596715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a nanostructured perovskite solar cell (PSC) on a textured silicon substrate is examined, and its performance is analyzed. First, its configuration and the simulated unit cell are discussed, and its fabrication method is explained. In this proposed structure, poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used instead of glass. It is shown that the use of PDMS dramatically reduces the reflection from the cell surface. Furthermore, the light absorption is found to be greatly increased due to the light trapping and plasmonic enhancement of the electric field in the active layer. Then, three different structures, are compared with the main proposed structure in terms of absorption, considering the imperfect fabrication conditions and the characteristics of the built PSC. The findings show that in the worst fabrication conditions considered structure (FCCS), short-circuit current density (Jsc) is 22.28 mA/cm2, which is 27% higher than that of the planar structure with a value of 17.51 mA/cm2. As a result, the efficiencies of these FCCSs are significant as well. In the main proposed structure, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is observed to be improved by 32%, from 13.86% for the planar structure to 18.29%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tooghi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Fathi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Eskandari
- Nanomaterial Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) on TMU, Tehran, Iran
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