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Kondoh N, Chikawa A, Okumura M, Hayakawa H, Ohama N, Shigeta M. Significant reduction in left testicular volume shown by ultrasonography in infertile patients with left-side grade 2-3 varicocele as compared to less than grade 2: An evidence for indication of varicocelectomy. Int J Urol 2024. [PMID: 38402451 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testicular volume (TV) is known to be one of the main parameters for testicular function (TF). This study was conducted to re-evaluate the indications of a varicocelectomy based on a survey of preoperative TV results in left-side varicocele patients considered to reflect the detrimental effects of a varicocele on TF. METHODS TV results of infertile patients determined using ultrasonography by a single expert physician were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS Of 590 examined patients, 424 had no varicocele findings (Group A), while 148 had a left-side varicocele (Group B). Group B was subdivided based on varicocele grade into Group B0 (subclinical), B1 (grade 1), B2 (grade 2), and B3 (grade 3). Comparisons of left-side TV showed no significant differences for grade among Group A, B0, and B1, whereas that for Group B2 and B3 was significantly lower as compared with Group A (p < 0.01, 0.02, respectively). The median TV of Group B I (composed of Groups B0 and B1) was 9.8 cm3 , while that of Group B II (Groups B2 and B3) was significantly lower at 8.4 cm3 (p < 0.05). In contrast, a comparison of right TV values identified no significant differences among the groups (p = 0.918). CONCLUSION A varicocelectomy should be performed for patients with a grade 2 and 3 varicocele for ameliorating testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kondoh
- Advanced Fertility Center of Fuchu Nozomi, Osaka, Japan
- Kawanishi City Medical Center, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ai Chikawa
- Advanced Fertility Center of Fuchu Nozomi, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoko Ohama
- Advanced Fertility Center of Fuchu Nozomi, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Authaida S, Chankitisakul V, Ratchamak R, Pimpa J, Koedkanmark T, Boonkum W, Khonmee J, Tuntiyasawasdikul S. The effect of Thai ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) extract orally administration on sperm production, semen preservation, and fertility in Thai native chickens under heat stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103372. [PMID: 38160614 PMCID: PMC10801310 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Thai indigenous roosters are exposed to unsuitable temperatures and humidity, resulting in a lower reproductive potential. Kaempferia parviflora (KP) extract containing methoxyflavones was fed to roosters to improve their reproductive performance. Thirty-two Thai native roosters were orally administered KP extract at 300, 450, and 600 mg, calculated according to their average body weight, for at least 14 d before semen collection and continued supplementation until the end of the experiment. The nonsupplemented group served as the control. Fresh semen in terms of semen volume, sperm concentration, mass movement score, and sperm viability were evaluated. Semen preservation at 5°C and fertility test were examined for total motility (MOT), progressive motility (PMOT), sperm viability, and lipid peroxidation up to 48 h of storage. Testosterone concentrations and testicular function were also determined. The results showed that the highest sperm concentration and sperm motility of fresh semen were observed in KP extract at 600 mg (P < 0.001). KP extract at 600 mg resulted in higher sperm viability than the control and KP extract at 300 mg (P < 0.05), but was not different from KP at 450 mg (P > 0.05). The highest MOT, PMOT, and viability were found in the roosters that received 600 mg oral KP extract (P < 0.05), while those of the roosters that received oral KP extract 300 mg and the control were the lowest (P < 0.05) at all storage times. Lipid peroxidation was significantly lower in the KP extract up to 24 h (P < 0.05). The fertility and hatchability of the KP extract at 600 mg at T48 showed a minor decrease compared to the control at T0. These results might be inferred as a result of good spermatogenesis, as revealed by the results of histological examination and testosterone activity. In summary, oral administration of 600 mg KP extract improved sperm production and successfully preserved rooster semen for a long duration of up to 48 h of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakorn Authaida
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Ruthaiporn Ratchamak
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutarat Pimpa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thirawat Koedkanmark
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Khonmee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sarunya Tuntiyasawasdikul
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Lauritsen MP, Kristensen TL, Hansen CB, Schneider UV, Talbot AL, Skytte AB, Petersen JH, Johannsen TH, Zedeler A, Albrethsen J, Juul A, Priskorn L, Jørgensen N, Westh H, Freiesleben NLC, Nielsen HS. The impact of acute SARS-CoV-2 on testicular function including insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) in men with mild COVID-19: A longitudinal study. Andrology 2024; 12:437-446. [PMID: 37421657 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may affect the male reproductive system as it uses angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2, which is expressed in testicular tissue, as an entry point into the cell. Few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on testicular function, and insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) levels have not previously been assessed during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the impact of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection on testicular function including INSL3 and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen in non-hospitalised men with mild COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS This longitudinal study included 36 non-hospitalised SARS-CoV-2-positive men (median age 29 years). Inclusion was within seven days following a positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test. Reproductive hormone levels, semen parameters, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in oropharyngeal and semen samples were assessed during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (baseline) and at three- and six-month follow-up. Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank (two samples) test was used to assess time-related alterations in reproductive hormone levels and semen parameters. RESULTS Lower plasma testosterone (T) (total and calculated free (c-fT)) and higher luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations were observed during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (baseline) compared to three- and six-month follow-up. Consequently, ratios of c-fT/LH were lower at baseline compared to three- and six-month follow-up (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Concomitantly, lower INSL3 concentrations were observed at baseline compared to three-month follow-up (p = 0.01). The total number of motile spermatozoa was also lower at baseline compared to six-month follow-up (p = 0.02). The alterations were detected irrespective of whether the men had experienced SARS-CoV-2-related fever episodes or not. No SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in semen at any time point. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study showed a reduction in testicular function, which was for the first time confirmed by INSL3, in men mildly affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via semen seems to be low. Febrile episodes may impact testicular function, but a direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Petri Lauritsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christine Bo Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Uffe Vest Schneider
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anna Lando Talbot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | | | - Trine Holm Johannsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Zedeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jakob Albrethsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laerke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Westh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Nina la Cour Freiesleben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Li X, Zhang B, Yang H, Zhang L, Lou H, Zheng S. The emergence of natural products as potential therapeutics for male infertility. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38191265 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Infertility is a major reproductive health problem. Approximately 50% of all documented cases of infertility are attributable to male factors, such as poor testicular function and semen quality. The recent significant global decline in sperm counts has serious implications for male fertility, but the armamentarium for improving testicular function and semen quality is limited. Natural products have a wide range of activities and are a major source of drugs for disease prevention and treatment. To provide ideas and a theoretical basis for the research and development of therapeutic drugs for male infertility, this review summarizes natural products (mostly monomers) that have been shown to improve testicular function and semen quality and their possible mechanisms of action. These natural products primarily improve testicular function and semen quality via antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, in addition to increasing serum testosterone and reducing DNA damage in spermatozoa and testicular cells. Prospects for the application of natural products in the treatment of male infertility are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Li
- Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Liuping Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shicun Zheng
- Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
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Mínguez-Alarcón L, Gaskins AJ, Meeker JD, Braun JM, Chavarro JE. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:1138-1149. [PMID: 37827483 PMCID: PMC10841502 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Modifiable factors, such as environmental exposures, can impact human fertility. The objective of this review is to summarize the potential effects of exposure to important endocrine-disrupting chemicals on male reproductive health. Most experimental and animal data demonstrate strong evidence for the negative effects of exposure to phenols, phthalates, pesticides, and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances on male reproductive health. Although evidence of negative associations in humans was overall strong for phthalates and pesticides, limited and inconclusive relationships were found for the other examined chemical biomarkers. Reasons for the discrepancies in results include but are not limited to, differences in study populations, exposure concentrations, number of samples collected, sample sizes, study design, and residual confounding. Additional studies are needed, particularly for newer phenols and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, given the scarce literature on the topic and increasing exposures over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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6
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Liu ZJ, Liu YH, Huang SY, Wu CL, Zang ZJ. Effects of perfluorododecanoic acid on testicular function in mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:408-416. [PMID: 37397916 PMCID: PMC10311133 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDoA) is a widely distributed environmental pollutant that can affect the functions of many organs. However, systematic evaluations of the effects of PFDoA on testicular functions are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PFDoA on mouse testicular functions, including spermatogenesis, testosterone synthesis, and stem Leydig cells (SLCs) in the interstitial tissue of the testis. PFDoA (0, 2, 5, 10 mg/kg/d) was administered via gavage to 2-month-old mice for 4 weeks. Serum hormone levels and sperm quality were assayed. Furthermore, to investigate the mechanisms by which PFDoA affects testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis in vivo, the expression of StAR and P450scc in testicular tissue was measured by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, the levels of SLC markers, including nestin and CD51, were studied. PFDoA decreased the luteinizing hormone concentration and sperm quality. Although the difference was not statistically significant, mean testosterone levels showed a downward trend. The expression of StAR, P450scc, CD51, and nestin was also suppressed in the PFDoA-treated groups compared with the control group. Our study suggested that PFDoA exposure can decrease testosterone biosynthesis, and even reduce the number of SLCs. These results indicated that PFDoA suppressed the main functions of testis, and further researches are required to identify strategies for preventing or reducing the effect of PFDoA on testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-jie Liu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yong-hui Liu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sheng-yu Huang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Cheng-lun Wu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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7
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Hansen AH, Priskorn L, Hansen LS, Carlsen E, Joensen UN, Jacobsen FM, Jensen CFS, Jørgensen N. Testicular torsion and subsequent testicular function in young men from the general population. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:216-224. [PMID: 36610456 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is prior testicular torsion associated with testicular function (semen quality and reproductive hormones) in young men from the general population? SUMMARY ANSWER In young men from the general population, no differences in semen parameters were observed in those who had experienced testicular torsion compared to controls and observations of higher FSH and lower inhibin B were subtle. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Testicular function may be impaired after testicular torsion, but knowledge is sparse and based on studies with small sample sizes and no control group or a less than ideal control group. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out including 7876 young Danish men with unknown fertility potential, examined from 1996 to 2020. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS All men (median age 19.0 years) had a physical examination, provided a blood and semen sample, and filled in a questionnaire including information about prior testicular torsion, birth, lifestyle and current and previous diseases. Markers of testicular function, including testis volume, semen parameters and reproductive hormones, were compared between men operated for testicular torsion and controls, using multiple linear regression analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The average participation rate was 24% for the entire study period. In total, 57 men (0.72%) were previously operated for testicular torsion (median age at surgery 13.4 years) of which five had only one remaining testicle. Men with prior testicular torsion were more often born preterm (25% versus 9.5% among controls), and they had significantly higher FSH and lower inhibin B levels, and a lower inhibin B/FSH ratio than controls in crude and adjusted models. The association was mainly driven by the subgroup of men who had undergone unilateral orchiectomy. No differences in semen parameters were observed. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A limitation is the retrospective self-reported information on testicular torsion. Also, results should be interpreted with caution owing to the high uncertainty of the observed differences. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Overall, the results of our study are reassuring for men who have experienced testicular torsion, especially when treated with orchiopexy, for whom reproductive hormone alterations were subtle and without obvious clinical relevance. Our study found no differences in semen parameters, but follow-up studies are needed to assess any long-term consequences for fertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Financial support was received from the Danish Ministry of Health; the Danish Environmental Protection Agency; the Research fund of Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; the European Union (Contract numbers BMH4-CT96-0314, QLK4-CT-1999-01422, QLK4-CT-2002-00603, FP7/2007-2013, DEER Grant agreement no. 212844); A.P. Møller and wife Chastine Mckinney Møllers Foundation; Svend Andersens Foundation; the Research Fund of the Capital Region of Denmark; and ReproUnion (EU/Interreg). The authors have nothing to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Hansen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L S Hansen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Carlsen
- Fertility Department, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U N Joensen
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F M Jacobsen
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - C F S Jensen
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Pedersen MK, Bräuner EV, Hansen AH, Hansen LS, Jensen TK, Jørgensen N, Priskorn L. Self-Reported Asthma Is Associated with Reduced Sperm Count-A Cross-Sectional Study of More than 6000 Young Men from the General Population. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:278. [PMID: 36836635 PMCID: PMC9966775 DOI: 10.3390/life13020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is driven by an inflammatory response that may impact testicular function. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between self-reported asthma and testicular function (semen parameters, reproductive hormone levels), and determined whether potential further inflammation due to self-reported allergy modified this association. A total of 6177 men from the general population completed a questionnaire including information on doctor-diagnosed asthma or allergy, had a physical examination, delivered a semen sample, and had a blood sample drawn. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. A total of 656 (10.6%) men reported having ever been diagnosed with asthma. Generally, self-reported asthma was consistently associated with a poorer testicular function; however, few estimates were statistically significant. Specifically, self-reported asthma was associated with statistically significant lower total sperm count [median: 133 vs. 145 million; adjusted β (95% CI): -0.18 (-0.33 to -0.04) million on cubic-root-transformed scale] and borderline statistically significant lower sperm concentration compared with no self-reported asthma. The association between asthma and total sperm count was of similar magnitude among men with and without allergy. In conclusion, men with self-reported asthma had poorer testicular function than men without asthma. However, the cross-sectional design of the study limits ascertainment of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc K. Pedersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira V. Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann H. Hansen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura S. Hansen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina K. Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Walker C, Boisvert A, Malusare P, Culty M. Impact of Fetal Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Mixtures on FOXA3 Gene and Protein Expression in Adult Rat Testes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36674726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been shown to affect male reproductive functions. However, the effects on male reproduction of exposure to EDC mixtures at doses relevant to humans have not been fully characterized. In previous studies, we found that in utero exposure to mixtures of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and the soy-based phytoestrogen genistein (Gen) induced abnormal testis development in rats. In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis of these effects in adult testes from the offspring of pregnant SD rats gavaged with corn oil or Gen + DEHP mixtures at 0.1 or 10 mg/kg/day. Testicular transcriptomes were determined by microarray and RNA-seq analyses. A protein analysis was performed on paraffin and frozen testis sections, mainly by immunofluorescence. The transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXA3), a key regulator of Leydig cell function, was identified as the most significantly downregulated gene in testes from rats exposed in utero to Gen + DEHP mixtures. FOXA3 protein levels were decreased in testicular interstitium at a dose previously found to reduce testosterone levels, suggesting a primary effect of fetal exposure to Gen + DEHP on adult Leydig cells, rather than on spermatids and Sertoli cells, also expressing FOXA3. Thus, FOXA3 downregulation in adult testes following fetal exposure to Gen + DEHP may contribute to adverse male reproductive outcomes.
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10
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Wang D, Tang Y, Wang Z. Role of sphingolipid metabolites in the homeostasis of steroid hormones and the maintenance of testicular functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170023. [PMID: 37008929 PMCID: PMC10065405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the acceleration of life pace and the increase of work pressure, the problem of male infertility has become a social problem of general concern. Sphingolipids are important regulators of many cellular processes like cell differentiation and apoptosis, which are ubiquitously expressed in all mammalian cells. Various sphingolipid catabolic enzymes can generate multiple sphingolipids like sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingomyelin. Present studies have already demonstrated the role of steroid hormones in the physiological processes of reproduction and development through hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, while recent researches also found not only sphingolipids can modulate steroid hormone secretion, but also steroid hormones can control sphingolipid metabolites, indicating the role of sphingolipid metabolites in the homeostasis of steroid hormones. Furthermore, sphingolipid metabolites not only contribute to the regulation of gametogenesis, but also mediate damage-induced germ apoptosis, implying the role of sphingolipid metabolites in the maintenance of testicular functions. Together, sphingolipid metabolites are involved in impaired gonadal function and infertility in males, and further understanding of these bioactive sphingolipids will help us develop new therapeutics for male infertility in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yedong Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dr. Zhengchao Wang,
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11
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Luo K, Meng X, Liu X, Nian M, Zhang Q, Tian Y, Chen D, Zhang J. Environmental Exposure to 6:2 Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphate Diester and Impaired Testicular Function in Men. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:8290-8298. [PMID: 35536153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
6:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester (6:2 diPAP) has been demonstrated to disrupt reproductive endocrine functions using experimental studies. However, evidence from humans is not available yet. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the relationship between 6:2 diPAP exposure and the testicular function among adult men. A total of 902 men seeking preconception care were included. Plasma 6:2 diPAP concentrations were determined, while the testicular function was assessed via semen quality and reproductive hormones in serum. The association was assessed by multiple linear regression. Stratified analyses by age and body mass index (BMI) were conducted to assess the potential effect modification by these two variables. Regression analyses revealed that 6:2 diPAP exposure was significantly inversely associated with androgens [i.e., total testosterone (TT) and free androgen index (FAI)], markers of testosterone production potential [i.e., TT/luteinizing hormone (LH) and FAI/LH], estradiol, and insulin-like factor 3, a biomarker of Leydig cell function. These associations were robust in sensitivity analyses. However, age and BMI did not modify these associations, and no association was observed between 6:2 diPAP and semen quality. Our study suggests that exposure to 6:2 diPAP may inhibit androgen synthesis and impair Leydig cell function in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xi Meng
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Nian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
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12
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Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Perelli S, Calogero AE, Greco E, Aversa A, La Vignera S. Is Chronic Varicocele a Risk Factor for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030716. [PMID: 35160168 PMCID: PMC8836852 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess whether varicocele affects testicular 25-hydroxylase activity. Methods: Twenty normozoospermic patients with bilateral varicocele (grade III according to the Dubin and Amelar classification) without indications to undergo varicocele repair (normal sperm parameters and testicular volume; no scrotal pain) were consecutively enrolled and followed-up for four years. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] along with serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), conventional sperm parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) rate, and testicular volume (TV) were measured annually for three years. PTH, calcium, and 25(OH)D serum levels over time were compared with those of age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control group of twenty varicocelectomized patients. Main results: Both intra- and between-group analyses showed that serum PTH levels increased significantly over time in parallel with a significant decline in 25(OH)D levels. Serum calcium levels did not change significantly. At the same time, signs of mild Leydig and Sertoli cell dysfunction were found, such as an increase in gonadotropins and decreased TT and VT. However, conventional sperm parameters and SDF rate did not change significantly. Conclusion: This prospective controlled study provides the first evidence of a negative impact of bilateral grade III varicocele on testicular 25-hydroxylase activity. Accordingly, the patients included in this study showed a significant increase in PTH and a decrease in 25(OH)D levels over time. Patients with varicocele deserve endocrinologic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (R.A.C.); (S.P.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (R.A.C.); (S.P.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Sarah Perelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (R.A.C.); (S.P.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (R.A.C.); (S.P.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Emanuela Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (R.A.C.); (S.P.); (A.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +39-95-3781180
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13
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De Santi B, Spaggiari G, Granata AR, Romeo M, Molinari F, Simoni M, Santi D. From subjective to objective: A pilot study on testicular radiomics analysis as a measure of gonadal function. Andrology 2021; 10:505-517. [PMID: 34817934 PMCID: PMC9299912 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The connection between testicular ultrasound (US) parameters and testicular function, including both spermato- and steroidogenesis has been largely suggested, but their predictive properties are not routinely applied. Radiomics, a new engineering approach to radiological imaging, could overcome the visual limit of the sonographer. OBJECTIVES This study is aimed at extracting objective testicular US features, correlating with testicular function, including both spermato- and steroidogenesis, using an engineering approach, in order to overcome the operator-dependent subjectivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective observational pilot study from December 2019 to December 2020 on normozoospermic subjects and patients with semen variables alterations, excluding azoospermia. All patients underwent conventional semen analysis, pituitary-gonadal hormones assessment, and testicular US, performed by the same operator. US images were analyzed by Biolab (Turin) throughout image segmentation, image pre-processing, and texture features extraction. RESULTS One hundred seventy US testicular images were collected from 85 patients (age 38.6 ± 9.1 years). A total of 44 first-order and advanced features were extracted. US inhomogeneity defined by radiomics significantly correlates with the andrologist definition, showing for the first time a mathematical quantification of a subjective US evaluation. Thirteen US texture features correlated with semen parameters, predicting sperm concentration, total sperm number, progressive motility, total motility and morphology, and with gonadotropins serum levels, but not with total testosterone serum levels. Classification analyses confirmed that US textural features predicted patients' classification according to semen parameters alterations. CONCLUSIONS Radiomics texture features qualitatively describe the testicular parenchyma with objective and reliable quantitative parameters, reflecting both the testicular spermatogenic capability and the action of pituitary gonadotropins. This is an innovative model in which US texture features represent a mirror of the pituitary-gonadal homeostasis in terms of reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno De Santi
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Rm Granata
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Marilina Romeo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Biolab, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile of Baggiovara, Modena, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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14
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Francomano D, Sanguigni V, Capogrosso P, Deho F, Antonini G. New Insight into Molecular and Hormonal Connection in Andrology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111908. [PMID: 34769341 PMCID: PMC8584869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones and cytokines are known to regulate cellular functions in the testes. These biomolecules induce a broad spectrum of effects on various level of spermatogenesis, and among them is the modulation of cell junction restructuring between Sertoli cells and germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium. Cytokines and androgens are closely related, and both correct testicular development and the maintenance of spermatogenesis depend on their function. Cytokines also play a crucial role in the immune testicular system, activating and directing leucocytes across the endothelial barrier to the inflammatory site, as well as in increasing their adhesion to the vascular wall. The purpose of this review is to revise the most recent findings on molecular mechanisms that play a key role in male sexual function, focusing on three specific molecular patterns, namely, cytokines, miRNAs, and endothelial progenitor cells. Numerous reports on the interactions between the immune and endocrine systems can be found in the literature. However, there is not yet a multi-approach review of the literature underlying the role between molecular patterns and testicular and sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Francomano
- Division of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, 00049 Rome, Italy
- GCS Point Medical Center, 0010 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valerio Sanguigni
- Department of Medicine of Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- ASST-Sette Laghi, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital, University of Insurbria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Federico Deho
- ASST-Sette Laghi, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital, University of Insurbria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.C.); (F.D.)
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15
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Laoung-on J, Saenphet K, Jaikang C, Sudwan P. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Tea on Sexual Behavior and Reproductive Function in Male Rats. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10102019. [PMID: 34685828 PMCID: PMC8537186 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) has been called the "miracle tree" due to its attributes for therapy in various diseases. However, M. oleifera studies on the male reproductive system have been limited. The aim of this study was a phytochemical screening and investigation of the effects of M. oleifera leaf tea on sexual behavior, reproductive function and antioxidant activities. Male rats were fed with M. oleifera leaf tea extract at doses of 0.55, 1.10 and 2.20 mg/kg or distilled water for 30 days. The result showed that M. oleifera leaf tea contained rich total phenols and flavonoids. The courtship behavior, seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelium height, epithelium area, type A spermatogonia, and spermatogonia efficiency were significantly increased in all treatment groups. The groups treated with 1.10 and 2.20 mg/kg increased the number of Sertoli cells. The total of spermatogenic cells increased in the group treated with 0.55 mg/kg. M. oleifera leaf tea scavenged DPPH radical, ABTS radical and H2O2, and inhibited LPO and AGEs formation. Due to M. oleifera leaf tea containing rich total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants, it could enhance sexual function and the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Laoung-on
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kanokporn Saenphet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Churdsak Jaikang
- Toxicology Section, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Paiwan Sudwan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-93-5312 (ext. 208)
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16
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Priskorn L, Joensen UN, Petersen JH, Jensen TK, Skakkebaek NE, Jørgensen N. Familial resemblance in markers of testicular function in fathers and their young sons: a cross-sectional study. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:543-550. [PMID: 33367654 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is testicular function associated within father-son pairs? SUMMARY ANSWER Familial resemblance in testis volume and serum markers of spermatogenesis was observed in father-son pairs. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Studies suggest familial clustering of male subfertility and impaired spermatogenesis, but in men from the general population little is known about concordance in testicular function between fathers and sons. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This cross-sectional study with simultaneous collection of data in fathers and sons included 72 pairs (144 fathers and sons), unselected regarding testicular function were included. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A subgroup of men from the background population and participating in a study on testicular function were asked permission to invite their fathers to participate in a similar setup. Fathers (median age of 53 years) and sons (median age of 19 years) participated in the same study setup including assessment of testis size, having a blood sample taken and analysed for serum levels of reproductive hormones (FSH, inhibin B, LH, testosterone, oestradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and calculated free testosterone) and delivering a semen sample for assessment of traditional semen parameters. Mixed-effects models were fitted to estimate the familial resemblance as the proportion of variance in markers of testicular function due to shared factors for fathers and sons accounted for using random-effects. Variance components were calculated from both unadjusted and adjusted models. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After adjustments, variance component analyses showed that familial resemblance between fathers and sons accounted for 48% (P < 0.001) of the variation in testicular volume, 32% (P = 0.009) of the variation in FSH, 31% (P = 0.009) of the variation in the inhibin B/FSH ratio, 33% (P = 0.007) and 45% (P < 0.001) of the variation in testosterone and free testosterone, respectively, and 31% (P = 0.009) of the variation in SHBG. None of the semen parameters were associated within father-son pairs. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The present study may have lacked power to detect associations for semen quality, as large intra- and inter-individual variation occur in semen parameters. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In this study, testis volume, serum testosterone and serum markers of spermatogenesis including FSH were associated in fathers and sons, suggesting an impact of paternal genetics for testicular function in the son. However, the estimated familial resemblance for spermatogenesis markers highlights that other factors, such as maternal genetics and prenatal as well as adult exposures, are also of major importance for testicular function. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study has received funding from Danish Health Authority, Research Fund of the Capital Region of Denmark and Independent Research Fund Denmark (8020-00218B). None of the funders had any role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of data, writing of the paper of publication decisions. The authors have nothing to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Nordström Joensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Kurniawan AL, Hsu CY, Chao JC, Paramastri R, Lee HA, Lai PC, Hsieh NC, Wu SV. Association of Testosterone-Related Dietary Pattern with Testicular Function among Adult Men: A Cross-Sectional Health Screening Study in Taiwan. Nutrients 2021; 13:259. [PMID: 33477418 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets could play an important role in testicular function, but studies on how adherence to the dietary patterns influences human testicular function in Asian countries are scarce. Herein, we examined the association between testosterone-related dietary patterns and testicular function among adult men in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study recruited 3283 men who attended a private medical screening program from 2009 to 2015. Testosterone-related dietary pattern was generated by the reduced rank regression (RRR) method. The association between adherence to quartile of dietary pattern scores with sex hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2)) and sperm quality (sperm concentration (SC), total sperm motility (TSM), progressive motility (PRM), and normal sperm morphology (NSM)) were examined by multivariable linear regression. Hemoglobin (β = 0.57, p < 0.001), hematocrit (β = 0.17, p = 0.002), triglyceride (β = −0.84, p < 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (β = 3.58, p < 0.001), total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio (β = −0.78, p < 0.001), and uric acid (β = −10.77, p < 0.001) were highly correlated with testosterone levels. Therefore, these biomarkers were used to construct a testosterone-related dietary pattern. Highest adherence (Q4) to dietary pattern scores were negatively associated with lower testosterone in the pooled analysis (β = −0.89, p = 0.037) and normal-weight men (β = −1.48, p = 0.019). Likewise, men in the Q4 of the dietary pattern had lower SC (β = −5.55, p = 0.001) and NSM (β = −2.22, p = 0.007) regardless of their nutritional status. Our study suggesting that testosterone-related dietary pattern (rich in preserved vegetables or processed meat or fish, deep-fried foods, innards organs, rice or flour products cooked in oil, and dipping sauce, but low in milk, dairy products, legumes, or beans, and dark or leafy vegetables) was associated with a poor testicular function.
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18
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Bang AK, Almstrup K, Nordkap L, Priskorn L, Petersen JH, Blomberg Jensen M, Krause M, Holmboe SA, Egeberg Palme DL, Winge SB, Joensen UN, Olesen IA, Hvidman HW, Juul A, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Jørgensen N. FSHB and FSHR gene variants exert mild modulatory effect on reproductive hormone levels and testis size but not on semen quality: A study of 2020 men from the general Danish population. Andrology 2020; 9:618-631. [PMID: 33236519 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis depends on stimulation by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which binds to FSH receptors (FSHR) on testicular Sertoli cells. Three FSH-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), FSHB -211G>T (rs10835638), FSHR -29G>A (rs1394205) and FSHR 2039A>G (rs6166) affect FSH action, and have been suggested to affect testicular function, but the evidence is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To describe the associations between the three SNPs and testicular function in a large and well-characterised cohort of men from the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 2020 Danish men unselected regarding testicular function. Outcome variables were semen parameters, reproductive hormones and testis size. Genotyping was done by competitive allele-specific quantitative PCR. Differences in genotype frequencies were tested by chi-square test and associations between genotypes and outcomes were assessed by multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS The SNPs affected serum FSH; carriers of the variant affecting FSH secretion (FSHB -211G>T) had lower FSH levels while carriers of variants affecting receptor expression (FSHR -29G>A) and receptor sensitivity (FSHR 2039A>G) had higher FSH levels. Carriers of FSHB -211G>T had lower calculated free testosterone/LH ratio. Although both FSHB -211G>T and FSHR 2039A>G were associated with smaller testis size, no clear association was detected in relation to any semen parameters, except a lower total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa in the heterozygous carriers of the FSHB -211G>T DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The studied polymorphisms have only minor modulating influence on testis size and function in healthy men. We detected subtle effects of the three SNPs on FSH levels, but also effects of FSHB -211G>T on calculated free testosterone/LH ratio, compatible with altered Leydig cell function. Thus, the role of these FSH-related polymorphisms is complex and modest in men with normal testicular function, but the possible importance of FSH polymorphisms in men with impaired testicular function should be evaluated in future studies in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kirstine Bang
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loa Nordkap
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laerke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Blomberg Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianna Krause
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Agergaard Holmboe
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Louise Egeberg Palme
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Boeg Winge
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Nordström Joensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Ahlmann Olesen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pool KR, Rickard JP, de Graaf SP. Global Methylation and Protamine Deficiency in Ram Spermatozoa Correlate with Sperm Production and Quality but Are Not Influenced by Melatonin or Season. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2302. [PMID: 33291841 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Though environmental factors can alter the epigenome of mammalian spermatozoa, it is currently unclear whether these epigenetic changes are linked to sperm production, quality and fertility. This study aimed to identify whether the hormone melatonin, responsible for upregulating ram reproductive function, is able to alter broad epigenetic markers in spermatozoa, namely sperm global methylation and protamine deficiency. It was also investigated whether these parameters corresponded to ram endocrinology, semen production and quality. Though no effects of season or melatonin were found, both sperm global methylation and protamine deficiency correlated with several semen production and quality parameters. These moderate associations with sperm production and quality support that sperm protamine deficiency and global methylation are broadly indicative of testicular function. Abstract This study assessed whether the seasonal effects of melatonin that upregulate ram reproductive function alter sperm global methylation or protamine deficiency and whether these parameters corresponded to ram endocrinology, semen production and quality. Ejaculates were assessed from rams that received melatonin implants (n = 9) or no implants (n = 9) during the non-breeding season. Ejaculates (n = 2/ram/week) were collected prior to implantation (week 0), 1, 6 and 12 weeks post implantation and during the following breeding season (week 30). Flow cytometry was used to assess the sperm global methylation and protamine deficiency in each ejaculate, which had known values for sperm concentration, motility, morphology, DNA fragmentation, seminal plasma levels of melatonin, anti-Mullerian hormone and inhibin A. Serum levels of testosterone and melatonin were also evaluated. Though there was no effect of melatonin or season, sperm protamine deficiency was negatively correlated with sperm production and seminal plasma levels of anti-Mullerian hormone and positively correlated with sperm DNA fragmentation and morphology. Global methylation of spermatozoa was positively correlated with sperm DNA fragmentation, morphology and serum testosterone and negatively correlated with sperm motility. These moderate associations with sperm production and quality suggest that sperm protamine deficiency and global methylation are indicative of ram testicular function.
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Yakubu MT, Omar SA. Impact of groundwater samples and leachates from Gbagede dumpsite, Amoyo, Kwara State, Nigeria, on testes and prostate of male Wistar rats: A biochemical and histological study. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13801. [PMID: 32929758 DOI: 10.1111/and.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of groundwater samples and leachate from Gbagede dumpsite in Amoyo, Kwara State, on the testicular and prostatic function indices of male rats. The groundwater sample 1 (GW1), groundwater sample 2 (GW2), 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% leachate progressively reduced (p < .05) feed intake, groundwater and leachate intake, body weight, weights of testes and prostate, and testes-body weight ratio. The groundwater and leachates significantly (p < .05) reduced the sperm count, motility, normal morphology and testicular volume; activities of semen acid phosphatase (ACP) and α-glucosidase, testicular alkaline phosphatase, ACP, ᵧ-GT, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase; testicular total protein, glycogen, total cholesterol, sialic acid, testosterone, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, zinc, iron and copper; serum LH and FSH; prostatic calcium and phosphate. Treatments increased testicular malondialdehyde, prostate-specific antigen and ACP whilst prostatic pH remained significantly unaltered. Only the leachates reduced prostate-body weight ratio. The treatments induced distortions of seminiferous tubules, destroyed spermatogonic cells and degenerated prostatic acinus. The study concluded that metals in the groundwater and leachate samples have adversely impacted on the testes and prostates of the male rats via endocrine disruption and oxidative stress, with attendant implications on reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Toyin Yakubu
- Phytopharmacology, Toxicology, Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sikemi Adejoke Omar
- Phytopharmacology, Toxicology, Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Le Bon M, Lejeune H, Helfre S, Bolle S, Padovani L, Mengue L, Corradini N, Hameury F, Claude L. Testicular transposition in children before scrotal external radiotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28526. [PMID: 32618059 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Testicular transposition (TT) before scrotal external radiotherapy (RT) is poorly reported in children with cancer, with only rare case reports published. TT surgical techniques, dosimetric parameters, and testicular functions are retrospectively reported in 12 children, median age 12.8 years, after scrotal RT for sarcomas. TT has low morbidity and allows a dramatic RT dose decrease in the healthy testicle. Endocrine functions seem preserved while more follow-up is needed to assess fertility. Though a rare situation, TT should be discussed in children and young adult cases when a scrotal high-dose RT is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Le Bon
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Herve Lejeune
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Helfre
- Radiation Oncology Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Bolle
- Radiation Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Padovani
- Radiation Oncology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Mengue
- Radiation Oncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Nadege Corradini
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology-IHOPe, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hameury
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Lyon, France
| | - Line Claude
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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22
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Nassan FL, Arvizu M, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Williams PL, Attaman J, Petrozza J, Hauser R, Chavarro J. Marijuana smoking and markers of testicular function among men from a fertility centre. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:715-723. [PMID: 30726923 PMCID: PMC6443114 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is marijuana smoking associated with semen quality, sperm DNA integrity or serum concentrations of reproductive hormones among subfertile men? SUMMARY ANSWER Men who had ever smoked marijuana had higher sperm concentration and count and lower serum FSH concentrations than men who had never smoked marijuana; no differences were observed between current and past marijuana smokers. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Studies of marijuana abuse in humans and animal models of exposure to marijuana suggest that marijuana smoking adversely impacts spermatogenesis. Data is less clear for moderate consumption levels and multiple studies have found higher serum testosterone concentrations among marijuana consumers. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This longitudinal study included 662 subfertile men enroled at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center between 2000 and 2017. The men provided a total of 1143 semen samples; 317 men also provided blood samples in which we measured reproductive hormones. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Use of marijuana and other drugs was self-reported at baseline. Standard protocols were followed for measuring semen quality, sex hormones and DNA integrity. We used linear mixed effect models with a random intercept to evaluate the associations of self-reported marijuana smoking at enrolment with semen parameters from subsequently collected samples, and linear regression models for sperm DNA integrity and serum reproductive hormones, while adjusting for confounders including smoking and cocaine use. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Men who had ever smoked marijuana (N = 365) had significantly higher sperm concentration (62.7 (95% confidence interval: 56.0, 70.3) million/mL) than men who had never smoked marijuana (N = 297) (45.4 (38.6, 53.3) million/mL) after adjusting for potential confounders (P = 0.0003). There were no significant differences in sperm concentration between current (N = 74) (59.5 (47.3, 74.8) million/mL) and past marijuana smokers (N = 291) (63.5 (56.1, 72.0) million/mL; P = 0.60). A similar pattern was observed for total sperm count. Furthermore, the adjusted prevalence of sperm concentration and total sperm motility below WHO reference values among marijuana smokers was less than half that of never marijuana smokers. Marijuana smokers had significantly lower follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations than never marijuana smokers (-16% (-27%, -4%)) and there were no significant differences between current and past marijuana smokers (P = 0.53). Marijuana smoking was not associated with other semen parameters, with markers of sperm DNA integrity or with reproductive hormones other than FSH. Chance findings cannot be excluded due to the multiple comparisons. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our results may not be generalisable to men from the general population. Marijuana smoking was self-reported and there may be misclassification of the exposure. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings are not consistent with a deleterious effect of marijuana on testicular function. Whether these findings are reflective of the previously described role of the endocannabinoid system in spermatogenesis or a spurious association requires confirmation in further studies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was funded by grants R01ES009718 and P30ES000002 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiby L Nassan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariel Arvizu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill Attaman
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Petrozza
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Hart RJ, Doherty DA, Mori TA, Adams LA, Huang RC, Minaee N, Handelsman DJ, McLachlan R, Norman RJ, Dickinson JE, Olynyk JK, Beilin LJ. Features of the metabolic syndrome in late adolescence are associated with impaired testicular function at 20 years of age. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:389-402. [PMID: 30576537 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are early signs of metabolic disorder in late adolescence associated with features of impaired testicular function many years before the majority seek parenthood? SUMMARY ANSWER Adolescents with features of metabolic disorder at 17 years, or insulin resistance (IR) at 20 years of age, show impaired testicular function and altered hormone levels compared to those without metabolic disorder. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Controversial evidence suggests a recent decline in sperm production potentially linked to environmental influences, but its cause remains unclear. Concomitant increases in obesity and diabetes suggest that lifestyle factors may contribute to this decline in testicular function. Although obesity has been associated with adverse testicular function in some studies, it remains unclear whether poor testicular function merely reflects, or causes, poor metabolic health. If metabolic disorder were present in adolescence, prior to the onset of obesity, this may suggest that metabolic disorder maybe a precursor of impaired testicular function. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study is a longitudinal study of children born in 1989-1991 who have undergone detailed physical assessments since birth (1454 male infants born). At 17 years of age, 490 boys underwent a hepatic ultrasound examination, serum cytokine assessment (n = 520) and a metabolic assessment (n = 544). A further metabolic assessment was performed at 20 years (n = 608). Testicular assessment was performed at 20 years; 609 had reproductive hormones measured, 404 underwent a testicular ultrasound and 365 produced a semen sample. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Testicular volume was estimated by ultrasonography, and semen analysis was performed according to World Health Organization guidelines. Concentrations of LH, FSH and inhibin B (inhB) in serum were measured by immunoassay and total testosterone by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.At 17 years of age, a liver ultrasound examination was performed to determine the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and serum analysed for the cytokines interleukin-18 and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (sTNFR1, sTNFR2).At 17 and 20 years of age, fasting blood samples were analysed for serum liver enzymes, insulin, glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and uric acid. The homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA) was calculated and approximated IR was defined by a HOMA >4. Anthropometric data was collected and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement performed for lean and total fat mass. As at this young age the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was expected to be low, a two-step cluster analysis was used using waist circumference, TGs, insulin, and systolic blood pressure to derive a distinct high-risk group with features consistent with the metabolic syndrome and increased cardiometabolic risk. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Men at age 17 years with increased cardiometabolic risk had lower concentrations of serum testosterone (medians: 4.0 versus 4.9 ng/mL) and inhB (193.2 versus 221.9 pg/mL) (P < 0.001 for both) compared to those within the low risk metabolic cluster. Men with ultrasound evidence of NAFLD (n = 45, 9.8%) had reduced total sperm output (medians: 68.0 versus 126.00 million, P = 0.044), testosterone (4.0 versus 4.7 ng/mL, P = 0.005) and inhB (209.1 versus 218.4 pg/mL, P = 0.032) compared to men without NAFLD.Men with higher concentrations of sTNFR1 at 17 years of age had a lower sperm output and serum concentration of inhB, with an increase in LH and FSH (all P < 0.05 after adjustment for age, BMI, abstinence and a history of cryptorchidism, varicocele, cigarette smoking, alcohol and drug use), compared to those without an elevated sTNFR1. Multivariable regression analysis, adjusting for confounders, demonstrated that men in the high-risk metabolic cluster at 20 years had a lower serum testosterone and inhB (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). A HOMA-IR > 4 was associated with a lower serum testosterone (P = <0.001) and inhB (P = 0.010) and an increase in serum FSH (P = 0.015). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study is limited by the sample size and multiple comparisons, and causality cannot be proven from an observational study. Due to a 3-year interval between some metabolic assessments and assessment of testicular function, we cannot exclude the introduction of a bias into the study, as some of the participants and their testicular function will not have been fully mature at the 17-year assessment. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Irrespective of a proven causation, our study findings are important in that a significant minority of the men, prior to seeking parenthood, presented co-existent features of metabolic disorder and signs of testicular impairment. Of particular note is that the presence of NAFLD at 17 years of age, although only present in a minority of men, was associated with an almost 50% reduction in sperm output at 20 years of age, and that the presence of IR at 20 years was associated with a 20% reduction in testicular volume. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by Australian NHMRC (Grant Numbers 634457, 35351417 and 403981) and received support from the Raine Medical Research Foundation, The Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Women and Infants Research Foundation, Curtin University and Edith Cowan University. D.A.D., J.E.D., N.M., L.A.A., R.-C.H., T.A.M., J.K.O., L.J.B. have nothing to declare. R.J.H. is Medical Director of Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, has equity interests in Western IVF, and has received grant support from MSD, Merck-Serono and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. RMcL has equity interests in the Monash IVF Group. R.J.N. has equity interests in FertilitySA, and has received grant support from Merck Serono and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. D.J.H. has received institutional grant funding (but no personal income) for investigator-initiated testosterone pharmacology studies from Lawley and Besins Healthcare and has provided expert testimony to anti-doping tribunals and for testosterone litigation.This abstract was awarded the Fertility Society of Australia clinical exchange award for the oral presentation at ESHRE, Barcelona, in 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hart
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D A Doherty
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Women and Infants Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T A Mori
- Medical School, UWA, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L A Adams
- Medical School, UWA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R-C Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, UWA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N Minaee
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R McLachlan
- Hudson Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R J Norman
- Robinson Institute, Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide & Fertility SA, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J E Dickinson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J K Olynyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospital and School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L J Beilin
- Medical School, UWA, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
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24
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Bourcigaux N, Rubino C, Berthaud I, Toubert ME, Donadille B, Leenhardt L, Petrot-Keller I, Brailly-Tabard S, Fromigué J, de Vathaire F, Simon T, Siffroi JP, Schlumberger M, Bouchard P, Christin-Maitre S. Impact on testicular function of a single ablative activity of 3.7 GBq radioactive iodine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Hum Reprod 2020; 33:1408-1416. [PMID: 29912343 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the consequences of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for testicular function? SUMMARY ANSWER A single activity of 3.7 GBq RAI for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) treatment in young men transiently altered Sertoli cell function and induced sperm chromosomal abnormalities. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Few studies, mainly retrospective, have reported the potential impacts of RAI on endocrine and exocrine testicular function. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A longitudinal prospective multi-center study on testicular function performed in DTC patients before a single 131I ablative activity of 3.7 GBq (V0) and at 3 months (V3) and 13 months (V13) after treatment. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Forty male patients, aged 18-55 years, with DTC participated. Hormonal analysis included FSH, LH, testosterone and inhibin B serum levels at V0, V3 and V13. Furthermore, sperm parameters, DNA fragmentation and sperm chromosomal abnormalities were evaluated at each time points. The differences in all parameters, between V0-V3, V0-V13 and V3-V13, were analyzed, using a Wilcoxon test. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Prior to RAI administration, all patients had normal gonadal function. At V3, a statistically significant increase in FSH levels and a decrease in inhibin B levels were observed and sperm concentration, as well as the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa, were significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). These modifications were transient as both sperm concentration and normal morphology rate returned to baseline values at V13. However, at this later time point, FSH and inhibin B levels were still impacted by RAI administration but remained in the normal range. Although no DNA fragmentation was observed at V3 nor V13, our study revealed a statistically significant increase in the number of sperm chromosomal abnormalities both at V3 (P < 0.001) and V13 (P = 0.01). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Among the 40 patients included in the study, only 24 had all the parameters available at all visits. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Prospective studies with longer term follow up would be helpful to determine whether the chromosome abnormalities persist. These studies would be required before sperm banking should be suggested for all patients. However, sperm preservation for DTC patients who require cumulative radioiodine activities higher than 3.7 GBq should be proposed. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique, AP-HP (No. P040419). The authors report no conflict of interest in this work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01150318.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bourcigaux
- Department of Endocrinology, St Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Rubino
- Radiation Epidemiology Group and Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Inserm, U1018, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - I Berthaud
- Department of Reproduction Biology CECOS, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M E Toubert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - B Donadille
- Department of Endocrinology, St Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L Leenhardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - I Petrot-Keller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - S Brailly-Tabard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenetics and Hormonology, Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm, U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - J Fromigué
- Department of Endocrinology, St Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - F de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Group and Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Inserm, U1018, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - T Simon
- Clinical Research Unit (GH HUEP), St Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - J P Siffroi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Pediatrics Hospital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR-S933, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - M Schlumberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institute Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - P Bouchard
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - S Christin-Maitre
- Department of Endocrinology, St Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR-S933, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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25
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Karaoglan M. Correlation of anti-Mullerian hormone with humanchorionic gonadotropin test in the evaluation of testicular function of children with 46 XY male hypogonadism: Use of anti-Mullerian hormone as abiomarker. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56:411-419. [PMID: 31614067 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM It is challenging to evaluate reproductive potential during childhood. These challenges necessitate the use of invasive dynamic tests. Although the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a reliable biomarker in evaluating testicular function, especially in the pre-pubertal period, there are uncertainties concerning its use in a clinical setting. This study is focused on comparing the AMH and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test in boys with hypogonadism. METHODS A total of 160 boys aged between 0 and 18 years who presented with complaints associated with hypogonadism were prospectively enrolled in the study. All children were assigned to the following five groups: gonadal disorders (n = 34), androgen synthesis and end organ effect disorder (n = 48), isolated genital malformation disorders (n = 57), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (n = 15) and constitutional delayed puberty (n = 6). All children underwent a short 3-day hCG test (1500 U/m2 /day). The concordance and correlation were evaluated between the hCG test and AMH. RESULTS All groups exhibited a strong correlation (r160 = 0.689) and strong concordance (Kappa coefficient160 = 0.7) between the AMH and hCG test. Values of AMH higher than 32.7 pmol/L and hCG responses higher than 86 pmol/L were significant as indicative markers of functional testicular tissue presence. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that there is a strong correlation between the AMH and short-term hCG test and that values of AMH higher than 32.7 pmol/L and stimulated testosterone higher than 86 pmol/L can be used as indicators of functionally sufficient testicular tissue. These results indicate that AMH value can be used as a reliable and useful biomarker in the evaluation of the testicular function in 46 XY hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Karaoglan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Haghi-Aminjan H, Khanlarkhani N, Salehi E, Nashtaei MS, Najafi M, Sahebkar A. A systematic review of radiation-induced testicular toxicities following radiotherapy for prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14828-14837. [PMID: 30740683 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men in the world, and radiotherapy is used as a standard treatment modality for this cancer. Although this treatment modality effectively kills prostate cancerous cells, it unavoidably irradiates the organs/tissues that are away from the treatment site. In this regard, radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy can affect sexual function, reproduction, and quality of life in cancer survivors. This review summarizes the available data on testicular exposure to radiation during prostate radiotherapy and the consequences on testicular function. METHODS To illuminate the radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy, a systematic search was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and clinical trials electronic databases up to September 2018. According to a set of prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 eligible articles providing data on testicular function following radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer were included in the study. RESULTS According to the different radiotherapeutic techniques used for prostate cancer treatment, the total tumor dose and scattered testicular dose values were ranging from 36.25 to 78.00 Gy and 0.06 to 6.48 Gy, respectively. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly higher in comparison with the pretreatment levels. Around 60% of the studies showed that testosterone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly lower than the pretreatment levels. Furthermore, erectile dysfunction (ED), as an adverse side effect resulting from prostate radiotherapy, was reported and this complication is significantly correlated with lower satisfaction with sexual life. Testicular atrophy following prostate radiotherapy has also been observed and its frequency in patients with prior prostate radiotherapy is 2.5 times more than that in the patients without prior radiotherapy. CONCLUSION The data revealed that the scattered dose to testicular tissues during prostate radiotherapy can lead to testicular atrophy, variation of the male sex hormones, and quality of sexual life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Khanlarkhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Salehi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani Nashtaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Infertility Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ishii T, Hori N, Amano N, Aya M, Shibata H, Katsumata N, Hasegawa T. Pubertal and Adult Testicular Functions in Nonclassic Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Case Series and Review. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:1367-1374. [PMID: 31286101 PMCID: PMC6608554 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH) is caused by mutations in STAR and characterized by a defect in steroidogenesis and lipid droplet accumulation in steroidogenic cells. Patients with 46,XY and classic LCAH will typically present with female-type external genitalia. However, those with nonclassic LCAH will have masculinized external genitalia. The rarity of the nonclassic form has precluded the clarification of the long-term outcomes of testicular function in nonclassic LCAH. We report the cases of three adult males with nonclassic LCAH in whom primary adrenal insufficiency had been diagnosed at 5 days, 4 years, and 5 years of age. All exhibited complete male external genitalia and had completed pubertal development without androgen replacement. The endocrinological data showed preserved gonadal function in patients 1 and 2 and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in patient 3. Semen analyses showed normozoospermia in patient 1 and mild oligozoospermia in patient 2. Electron microscopic analysis of a testicular biopsy specimen from patient 2 at 13 years of age revealed prominent lipid accumulation in the cytosol of Leydig cells. Patients 1 and 2 shared the same compound heterozygous mutations in STAR (p.Glu258* and p.Arg272Cys). Patient 3 possessed a heterozygous dominant-negative mutation in STAR (p.Gly22_Leu59del). A functional assay of a variant STAR-Arg272Cys determined the residual activity as 35% of the wild-type STAR. The results from the present case series and a review of four previously reported adult cases indicate that testosterone synthesis can be preserved in most males with nonclassic LCAH to complete pubertal development and induce germ cell maturation despite lipid accumulation in the Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Ota Memorial Hospital, Ota, Japan
| | - Naoko Amano
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Aya
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Katsumata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Olayinka ET, Ore A, Adeyemo OA, Ola OS. The role of flavonoid antioxidant, morin in improving procarbazine-induced oxidative stress on testicular function in rat. Porto Biomed J 2019; 4:e28. [PMID: 31595255 PMCID: PMC6750247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbj.0000000000000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procarbazine (PCZ) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of lymphoma; however, oxidative stress-mediated testicular toxicity is a major side effect. Recently, therapeutic intervention using flavonoids against oxidative stress-related pathologies is gaining more attention. Morin (MOR) is a natural flavonoid with proven antioxidant activity. This study was designed therefore to evaluate the potential role of MOR in ameliorating PCZ-induced testicular oxidative stress and altered sperm quality in rat model. METHODS A total of 24 male Wistar rats (170-180 g) were randomly assigned into 4 treatment groups: I, control; II, PCZ (2 mg/kg b.w.); III, PCZ (2 mg/kg b.w.) + MOR (100 mg/kg b.w.) simultaneously administered and IV, MOR (100 mg/kg b.w.), and all treatments lasted 14 days. RESULTS PCZ treatment displayed significant reduction in sperm number, sperm motility, percentage normal sperm cells, and daily sperm production rate. Meanwhile the activities of testicular enzymes: gamma-glutamyl transferase, acid phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly altered in the PCZ group compared to control. Furthermore, PCZ caused a significant reduction in levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid as well as activities superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase in the testes of PCZ-treated rats. A significant increase in testicular malondialdehyde level was also observed in the PCZ group. MOR treatment, however, significantly restored the altered sperm parameters and biochemical markers in the testis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that MOR administration protected against PCZ-induced testicular and spermatotoxicity in rat, by improving testicular antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Tunde Olayinka
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Ayokanmi Ore
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatobi Adewumi Adeyemo
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Solomon Ola
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
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29
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Mínguez-Alarcón L, Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Messerlian C, Williams PL, Ford JB, Souter I, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Type of underwear worn and markers of testicular function among men attending a fertility center. Hum Reprod 2018; 33:1749-1756. [PMID: 30102388 PMCID: PMC6530653 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is self-reported type of underwear worn associated with markers of testicular function among men at a fertility center? SUMMARY ANSWER Men who reported most frequently wearing boxers had higher sperm concentration and total count, and lower FSH levels, compared to men who did not. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Elevated scrotal temperatures are known to adversely affect testicular function. However, the epidemiologic literature on type of underwear, as a proxy of scrotal temperature, and male testicular function is inconsistent. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a cross-sectional study including 656 male partners of couples seeking infertility treatment at a fertility center (2000-2017). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Self-reported information on type of underwear worn was collected from a take-home questionnaire. Semen samples were analyzed following World Health Organization guidelines. Enzyme immunoassays were used to assess reproductive hormone levels and neutral comet assays for sperm DNA damage. We fit linear regression models to evaluate the association between underwear type and testicular function, adjusting for covariates and accounting for multiple semen samples. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Men had a median (interquartile range) age of 35.5 (32.0, 39.3) years and BMI of 26.3 (24.4, 29.9) kg/m2. About half of the men (53%; n = 345) reported usually wearing boxers. Men who reported primarily wearing boxers had a 25% higher sperm concentration (95% CI = 7, 31%), 17% higher total count (95% CI = 0, 28%) and 14% lower serum FSH levels (95% CI = -27, -1%) than men who reported not primarily wearing boxers. Sperm concentration and total count were inversely related to serum FSH. Furthermore, the differences in sperm concentration and total count according to type of underwear were attenuated after adjustment for serum FSH. No associations with other measured reproductive outcomes were observed. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our results may not be generalizable to men from the general population. Underwear use was self-reported in a questionnaire and there may be misclassification of the exposure. The cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and residual confounding is still possible owing to lack of information on other modifiable life styles that can also modify scrotal heat (e.g. type of trousers worn, textile fabric of the underwear). Blood sampling was not limited to the morning and, as a result, we may have missed associations with testosterone or other hormones with significant circadian variation despite statistical adjustment for time of blood draw. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Certain styles of male underwear may impair spermatogenesis and this may result in a compensatory increase in gonadotrophin secretion, as reflected by higher serum FSH levels among men who reported most frequently wearing tight underwear. Confirmation of these findings, and in particular the findings on FSH levels suggesting a compensatory mechanism, is warranted. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was financed by Grants (R01ES022955, R01ES009718, P30ES000002, and K99ES026648) from the National Institutes of Health. None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Souter
- Division of Reproductive Medicine and IVF, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Kehinde OS, Christianah OI, Oyetunji OA. Ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate synergistically aggravates testicular dysfunction in adult Wistar rats. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2018; 10:39-46. [PMID: 29593849 PMCID: PMC5871628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of the concomitant use of sodium benzoate (NaB) and ascorbic acid on human health remains controversial. Therefore, the current study is designed to investigate the effect of NaB and ascorbic acid on the testicular function of adult Wistar rats. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were randomly allotted into Control (vehicle; received 1 ml of distilled water), NaB-treated (SB-treated; received 100 mg/kg body weight; b.w), ascorbic acid-treated (AA-treated; received 150 mg/kg b.w) and NaB+ ascorbic acid-treated (SB+AA-treated) groups. The treatment lasted for 28 days and the administration was given orally. The body weight change was monitored. Semen analysis, biochemical assay and histological examination were performed. RESULTS Treatment with NaB significantly altered the cytoarchitecture of testicular tissue, sperm quality, testicular endocrine function and oxidative stress status without any alteration in body weight gain compared to control. In addition, treatment with NaB+ ascorbic acid exacerbated testicular tissue disruption, impaired sperm quality and testicular endocrine impairment with significant reduction in oxidative stress and unaltered body weight gain when compared with NaB-treated group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that ascorbic acid and NaB synergistically aggravates testicular dysfunction. This is independent of oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oyewopo A Oyetunji
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of IlorinIlorin, Nigeria
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31
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Huang YP, Liu W, Liu YD, Wang HX, Hu K, Chen B, Lu MJ. Right testicular volume is a dominant predictor of testicular function determined by sperm parameters and total testosterone. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12955. [PMID: 29336051 DOI: 10.1111/and.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of left testicular volume (LTV) and right testicular volume (RTV) for testicular function respectively. Men who requested fertility testing for any reason were enrolled from December 2012 to November 2015. Subjects with primary scrotal diseases or a condition interfering reproductive system were excluded. Testicular volume (TV) was evaluated by scrotal ultrasound. Sex hormone and semen analysis including sperm concentration (SC) and sperm motility rate (SMR) were performed. Statistical analysis including comparison, stepwise linear regression and logistic regression was used. Two hundred and seventy-four patients with oligoasthenozoospermia/low testosterone and 27 control subjects were enrolled. Both LTV and RTV positively correlated with testicular function, and no differences were found between bilateral TV. RTV is the best independent factor associated with testicular function determined by SC (β=.292, p < .001), SMR (β=.227, p < .001) and total testosterone (TT) (β=.245, p < .001). Using a RTV value of 15.47 ml, the highest discriminating sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 62.4% respectively. RTV (<15 ml) was the only positive predictor for low testicular function (odds ratio=2.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.18-6.66; p =.020). RTV rather than LTV is the independent factor of overall testicular function determined by semen quality and TT levels. Further studies are needed to support and elucidate the difference in volume-function between bilateral testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-D Liu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
| | - H-X Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
| | - K Hu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
| | - M-J Lu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
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Ross JL, Kushner H, Kowal K, Bardsley M, Davis S, Reiss AL, Tartaglia N, Roeltgen D. Androgen Treatment Effects on Motor Function, Cognition, and Behavior in Boys with Klinefelter Syndrome. J Pediatr 2017; 185:193-199.e4. [PMID: 28285751 PMCID: PMC6754744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of early low-dose androgen on motor, cognitive, and behavioral function in prepubertal boys with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY). STUDY DESIGN Double-blind trial of 84 boys, ages 4-12 years, randomized to oxandrolone (Ox; 0.06?mg/kg daily; n?=?43) or placebo (Pl; n?=?41) for 24 months. Standardized assessments were performed at baseline and every 12 months for 24 months evaluating motor, cognitive, and behavioral function. RESULTS The 24-month outcomes were better in the Ox vs. Pl group on 1 of 5 primary endpoints (motor function/strength): Bruininks Visual-Motor scale (P?=?.005), without significant differences between the 2 groups for the other 4 components. Secondary analyses suggested improvement in the Ox vs. Pl group in the anxiety/depression (P?=?.03) and social problems (P?=?.01) scales on the Child Behavior Checklist, anxiety (P?=?.04) on the Piers Harris Self Concept Scale, and interpersonal problems (P?=?.02) on the Children's Depression Inventory, without significant differences in hyperactive or aggressive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This double-blind, randomized trial demonstrates that 24 months of childhood low-dose androgen treatment in boys with Klinefelter syndrome benefited 1 of 5 primary endpoints (visual-motor function). Secondary analyses demonstrated positive effects of androgen on aspects of psychosocial function (anxiety, depression, social problems), without significant effects on cognitive function, or hyperactive or aggressive behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00348946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L Ross
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA; A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE.
| | | | - Karen Kowal
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA; A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Martha Bardsley
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA; A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Shanlee Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Nicole Tartaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Servitzoglou M, De Vathaire F, Oberlin O, Patte C, Thomas-Teinturier C. Dose-Effect Relationship of Alkylating Agents on Testicular Function in Male Survivors of Childhood Lymphoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 32:613-23. [PMID: 26561347 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2015.1085933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to assess the gonadal function in male survivors of childhood lymphoma. We studied 171 male survivors of childhood lymphoma (83 with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma [B-NHL], 32 with T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma [T-NHL], 50 with Hodgkin lymphoma [HL], and 6 with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma [ALCL]), measuring follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH] levels at a median age of 21.1 (17-30.4) years after a median delay of 9.3 (2-22.4) years from treatment. FSH levels were above normal range (≥10 IU/L) in 42.1% and LH levels ≥8 IU/L in only 8.9% of survivors. In multivariate analysis, only the following chemotherapeutic agents were associated with higher FSH or LH levels: cyclophosphamide (P < .0001, .04), lomustine (CCNU; P = .002, 0.04), and procarbazine (P < .0001, .07). No significant correlation was found between FSH or LH levels and age or pubertal status at diagnosis. Mean FSH level was significantly lower in NHL survivors treated more recently: 6 ± 5.1 IU/L in B-NHL survivors treated since 1986 versus 12.3 ± 5.4 IU/L for those treated before 1981 (P = .0001), and 6.8 ± 9.6 IU/L in T-NHL survivors treated since 1989 versus 9.4 ± 5.7 IU/L for those treated before 1989 (P = .035). In HL, mean FSH level was 12.4 ± 9.9 IU/L following procarbazine containing chemotherapy versus 3.4 ± 1.9 IU/L in the absence of procarbazine and increased significantly with the number of MOPP/OPPA (mechlorethamine, Oncovin [vincristine], procarbazine, and prednisone/Oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone, and Adriamycin [doxorubicin]) courses received, from 6.8 ± 5.7 IU/L for 1-2 MOPP/OPPA to 12.6 ± 7.5 for 3-4 MOPP/OPPA and 19.6 ± 13.3 for more than 4 MOPP/OPPA (P for trend = .006). Testicular toxicity of alkylating agents on childhood lymphoma survivors is dose dependent and not correlated to diagnosis, age, or pubertal status at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Servitzoglou
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif , France
| | - Florent De Vathaire
- b Radiation Epidemiology Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Inserm U1018 , Université Paris-Sud XI , Villejuif , France
| | - Odile Oberlin
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif , France
| | - Catherine Patte
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif , France
| | - Cécile Thomas-Teinturier
- b Radiation Epidemiology Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Inserm U1018 , Université Paris-Sud XI , Villejuif , France.,c Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP , Hôpitaux Paris-Sud , Site Bicetre , Le Kremlin-Bicetre , France
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Rohayem J, Nieschlag E, Zitzmann M, Kliesch S. Testicular function during puberty and young adulthood in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome with and without spermatozoa in seminal fluid. Andrology 2016; 4:1178-1186. [PMID: 27611179 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Klinefelter's syndrome experience progressive testicular degeneration resulting in impaired endocrine function and azoospermia. What proportion of adolescents develop testosterone deficiency during puberty and how many have spermatozoa in their semen is unclear to date. We aimed to investigate testicular function during puberty and young adulthood in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and to assess testosterone effects in target tissues. The clinical data of 281 patients with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome aged 10-25 years without previous testosterone replacement were reviewed. In late pubertal adolescents, semen analyses were evaluated, and testicular volumes, hormone and haemoglobin (Hb) levels, the number of CAG repeats and final height data were compared to those of 233 age-matched controls with pubertal gynaecomastia. Spontaneous pubertal virilisation to Tanner stages IV-V occurred. Serum T levels ≥10 nmol/L were reached in 62% of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and in 85% of controls at ages 15-25 (TKFS : 12.2 ± 5.4 vs. TC : 16.6 ± 7.2 nmol/L). LHKFS levels were elevated >10 U/L in 84%, and normal in all controls (LHKFS : 18.6 ± 12.2 vs. LHC : 3.5 ± 1.6 U/L). In nine of 130 (7%) adolescents with Klinefelter's syndrome, spermatozoa (oligozoospermia) were found in semen; all had T levels >7 nmol/L and eight of nine had LH levels ≤18 U/L, while their hormone levels, number of CAG repeats and testicular volumes were not different from those of adolescents with azoospermia. Controls had normal sperm concentrations in 73% (46/63). Semen volumesKFS were normal in 55% vs. 78% in controls; HbKFS was normal in 89% (HbC : 97%). Mean final heightKFS was 185 ± 8 cm vs. 181 ± 7 cm in controls. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism develops during early puberty in adolescents with Klinefelter's syndrome and remains compensated in over 60% during ages 15-25, with sufficient testosterone secretion for spontaneous accomplishment of pubertal development. Spermatozoa in semen are rare and associated with T levels >7 nmol/L. Parameters reflecting androgen deficiency in target tissues may help to optimise timing of testosterone substitution, which should preferably not be initiated before fertility status has been clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rohayem
- Department of Clinical Andrology, Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - E Nieschlag
- Department of Clinical Andrology, Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - M Zitzmann
- Department of Clinical Andrology, Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Kliesch
- Department of Clinical Andrology, Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sperm competition between rival ejaculates over the fertilization of ova typically selects for the production of large numbers of sperm. An obvious way to increase sperm production is to increase testis size, and most empirical work has focussed on this parameter. Adaptive plasticity in sperm production rate could also arise due to variation in the speed with which each spermatozoon is produced, but whether animals can respond to relevant environmental conditions by modulating the kinetics of spermatogenesis in this way has not been experimentally investigated. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano exhibits substantial plasticity in the speed of spermatogenesis, depending on the social context: worms raised under higher levels of sperm competition produce sperm faster. CONCLUSIONS Our findings overturn the prevailing view that the speed of spermatogenesis is a static property of a genotype, and demonstrate the profound impact that social environmental conditions can exert upon a key developmental process. We thus identify, to our knowledge, a novel mechanism through which sperm production rate is maximised under sperm competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Giannakara
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Lukas Schärer
- Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Steven A Ramm
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Olayinka ET, Ore A. Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rat Testis Following Exposure to Haloxyfop- p-methyl Ester, an Aryloxyphenoxypropionate Herbicide. Toxics 2015; 3:373-389. [PMID: 29051470 PMCID: PMC5606644 DOI: 10.3390/toxics3040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Haloxyfop-p-methyl ester (HPME) ((R)-2-{4-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyloxy]phenoxy}propionic acid), is a selective aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicide. It exerts phytotoxicity through inhibition of lipid metabolism and induction of oxidative stress in susceptible plants. This study investigated the toxicological potentials of HPME in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (170–210 g) were randomized into four groups (I–IV). Group I (control) received 1 mL of distilled water, while animals in Groups II, III and IV received 6.75, 13.5 and 27 mg/kg body weight HPME, respectively, for 21 days. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in renal and hepatic function biomarkers (urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, ALP, ALT, AST) in the plasma of treated animals compared to control. Levels of testicular antioxidants, ascorbic acid and glutathione, and activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced significantly after 21 days of HPME administration in a dose-dependent manner. The testicular malondialdehyde level increased significantly in the HPME-treated rats relative to the control. A significant decrease in testicular lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase was also observed in HPME-treated animals. Testicular histology revealed severe interstitial edema and sections of seminiferous tubules with necrotic and eroded germinal epithelium in the HPME-treated rats. Overall, data from this study suggest that HPME altered hepatic and renal function and induced oxidative stress and morphological changes in the testis of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Tunde Olayinka
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, Oyo State 211213, Nigeria.
| | - Ayokanmi Ore
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, Oyo State 211213, Nigeria.
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Chang WH, Li SS, Wu MH, Pan HA, Lee CC. Phthalates might interfere with testicular function by reducing testosterone and insulin-like factor 3 levels. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:2658-70. [PMID: 26385792 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do phthalates create a male reproductive hormone imbalance by down-regulating the secretion of testosterone and insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3)? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study suggests that exposure to phthalates is related to a reduction in the secretion of testosterone and INSL3 in adult males. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is evidence that exposure to phthalates, an abundant group of industrial plasticizers, negatively affects testosterone biosynthesis, but little is known about the mechanism in men. The hypothesis that exposure to phthalates reduces the levels of testosterone and INSL3, a marker of Leydig cell function, is underexplored. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This case-control study of 176 men ran from 2010 to 2012. Infertile men were recruited through infertility clinics in Taiwan, fertile men were recruited from childbirth preparation classes and all were categorized based on the World Health Organization definition of infertility and by the diagnoses of obstetricians. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites were measured, along with serum levels of FSH, LH, total testosterone (TT), estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin and Inhibin B. Androgen status indices including free testosterone (fT) and the free androgen index (FAI) were calculated. The circulating INSL3 level was evaluated using a radioimmunoassay. Non-parametric analyses, trend tests and linear regression models were used. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Urinary mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate were significantly higher in infertile than in fertile men. Serum Inhibin B, the Inhibin B : FSH ratio, the TT : LH ratio and INSL3 were significantly lower in infertile men. In multiple regression models controlled for potential confounders, there is an inverse association between urinary levels of mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), MEHP, MEHP% and serum TT (P = 0.001, 0.007, 0.042 and 0.012, respectively). The inverse associations were also found between urinary levels of MiBP, monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), MEHP, MEHP% and serum fT (P = 0.028, 0.017, 0.045 and 0.027, respectively); between urinary levels of MMP, MEHP, MEHP% and the TT : LH ratio (P = 0.004, 0.029 and 0.039, respectively); between urinary levels of MMP, MiBP, MnBP, MBzP, MEHP and the FAI (P = 0.002, 0.008, 0.037, 0.028, 0.042 and 0.016, respectively). Urinary MBzP and MEHP% were negatively associated with a decrease in serum INSL3 (P = 0.049 and <0.001). We also observed a strong inverse relationship between MEHP% quartiles and serum TT, fT, the TT : LH ratio and INSL3 (Ptrend = 0.003, 0.080, 0.002 and 0.012, respectively). Serum INSL3, TT, fT and the TT : LH ratio were lower for men in the highest MEHP% quartile than in the reference group (P = 0.007, 0.002, 0.090 and 0.001, respectively). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A potential limitation is using a single urine and blood sample to predict urinary phthalate metabolites and reproductive hormone status over long periods. However, there is evidence that a single measure provides a reliable result in population studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Non-occupational exposure to phthalates, including di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, might lead to adverse effects on testicular/Leydig cell function and be of concern owing to the ubiquitous multisource exposure to phthalates among the general population. Although our findings are in agreement with recent experimental data, more studies are required to draw firm conclusions on the relation of INSL3 to phthalate exposure or testicular/Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Syuan Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-An Pan
- An-An Women and Children Clinic, 286 Kaiyuan Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substance, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
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Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a long and complex process that, despite the shared overall goal of producing the male gamete, displays striking amounts of interspecific diversity. In this review, we argue that sperm competition has been an important selection pressure acting on multiple aspects of spermatogenesis, causing variation in the number and morphology of sperm produced, and in the molecular and cellular processes by which this happens. We begin by reviewing the basic biology of spermatogenesis in some of the main animal model systems to illustrate this diversity, and then ask to what extent this variation arises from the evolutionary forces acting on spermatogenesis, most notably sperm competition. We explore five specific aspects of spermatogenesis from an evolutionary perspective, namely: (i) interspecific diversity in the number and morphology of sperm produced; (ii) the testicular organizations and stem cell systems used to produce them; (iii) the large number and high evolutionary rate of genes underpinning spermatogenesis; (iv) the repression of transcription during spermiogenesis and its link to the potential for haploid selection; and (v) the phenomenon of selection acting at the level of the germline. Overall we conclude that adopting an evolutionary perspective can shed light on many otherwise opaque features of spermatogenesis, and help to explain the diversity of ways in which males of different species perform this fundamentally important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Ramm
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lukas Schärer
- Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Ehmcke
- Central Animal Facility of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 (A8), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Wistuba
- Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 (D11), 48149 Münster, Germany
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Deshpande A, Cohen R, Tsang I, Ambler G, Fleming S. The validity of testicular catch-up growth and serum FSH levels in the long-term postoperative assessment of laparoscopic varicocele correction in adolescents. Urol Ann 2011; 3:29-32. [PMID: 21346830 PMCID: PMC3036997 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.75870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative assessment after varicocele surgery in adolescence is commonly centred around catch-up growth of the testis. There is paucity of evidence on the correlation of catch-up growth with underlying testicular function in these patients. AIMS To assess the reliability of catch-up growth of the testis as an indicator of normalization of testicular function and the utility of serum FSH levels in the long-term postoperative assessment of varicocele surgery in adolescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective cohort study of young adults (18-27 years) who had laparoscopic varicocele correction in adolescence (11-16 years). Evaluation included serum FSH levels, scrotal ultrasonography and semen analysis. ANALYSIS Anatomical and functional parameters of participants with equal and normal testicular size were compared to those of participants with persistent testicular hypotrophy or hypertrophy. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of postoperative serum FSH levels were estimated and elevated levels of serum FSH were checked for association with suboptimal outcomes of varicocele correction. RESULTS The serum FSH levels of participants with unequal testicular sizes (n=6, median 6.65 IU/l), which included testicular hypertrophy (n=3, median 7.2 IU/l) and persistent testicular hypotrophy (n=3, median 6.1 IU/l), were significantly higher than the group with equal testicular sizes (n=8, median 3.5 IU/l; P=0.014, Mann-Whitney U test). Postoperative elevated serum FSH levels were significantly associated with suboptimal outcomes of varicocele surgery (P=0.015, Fisher's exact test). The test also had a high positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS Testicular catch-up growth may not be a reliable postoperative assessment criterion by itself. Serum FSH levels may be of value in detecting suboptimal outcomes of varicocele surgery in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddh Deshpande
- Department of General Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW; The University of Sydney, Australia
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Yoshimura Y. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: Potential relevance to reproductive physiology. Reprod Med Biol 2003; 2:1-24. [PMID: 29699162 DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-5781.2003.00016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic ovarian follicular development is a complex process that involves proliferation, differentiation, and death of follicle cells. Gonadotropins produced by the pituitary gland have a central role in the regulation of these processes. In addition, a wide range of paracrine and autocrine factors produced in the reproductive organs have been proposed as regulators of reproductive functions. Components of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) system are widely expressed in the female reproductive tract. The IGFs and their binding proteins play a significant role in several processes of reproductive physiology, including ovarian follicular development, oogenesis and oocyte maturation, ovulation, luteal function, follicular atresia, and testicular function. The majority of these physiological actions of the IGFs are believed to occur via activation of the IGF-I receptor, although the IGF-I effects are modulated by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). As much of the data obtained to date have been in the rodent reproductive organs, it may not be possible to directly extrapolate the results to the primate organs. There is a distinct species-difference in the gene expression and functional roles of the IGF-IGFBP system in reproductive organs. However, the disturbance of the IGF-IGFBP system in human reproductive physiology may lead to anovulation, disorders of androgen excess, infertility associated with implantation failure, and male infertility. Further research is needed in domestic animals to determine if manipulation of the IGF-IGFBP system may result in improved reproductive efficiency. As our understanding of the IGF-IGFBP system increases, the uses of human recombinant IGF peptides and IGFBPs as clinical therapy for disease states is becoming a reality. (Reprod Med Biol 2003; 2: 1-24).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Yoshimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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