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Wang Y, Liu S, Wu C, Yu H, Ji X. Association between circulating unsaturated fatty acid and preeclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2294691. [PMID: 38146168 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2294691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, several studies have reported an association between unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and the risk of developing preeclampsia; however, its exact causal effect is unclear. This study assessed the causal association between circulating UFAs and preeclampsia. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for circulating UFA s (N = 114,999) and preeclampsia (N = 118,291) was performed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with exposure was selected as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) test was used as the primary method for estimating causality in MR analysis, while MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) and MR-Egger regression methods were used to assess horizontal pleiotropy. Cochran's Q test was used to evaluate heterogeneity among SNPs, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was used to determine the effect of individual SNPs on the results of the MR analysis. Bonferroni correction was used as a correction for multiple corrections. RESULTS Two-sample MR analysis suggested that the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) to total fatty acids (OR 1.150, 95% CI 1.006-1.315, p = 0.041), the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to total fatty acids (OR 0.805, 95% CI 0.658-0.986, p = 0.036) and the ratio of PUFAs to MUFAs (OR 0.807, 95% CI 0.694-0.938, p = 0.005) were causally associated with preeclampsia. After Bonferroni correction, the causal association between the ratio of polyunsaturated to MUFAs and preeclampsia remained statistically different. CONCLUSIONS This MR analysis provides evidence for a genetic causal association between circulating UFAs and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Sicong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chengqian Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
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Kitadokoro J, Kamitani S, Okuno Y, Hikima T, Yamamoto M, Hirokawa T, Kitadokoro K. Crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus lipase complex with unsaturated petroselinic acid. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38757397 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus produces large amounts of toxins and virulence factors. In patients with underlying diseases or compromised immune systems, this bacterium can lead to severe infections and potentially death. In this study, the crystal structure of the complex of S. aureus lipase (SAL), which is involved in the growth of this bacterium, with petroselinic acid (PSA), an inhibitor of unsaturated fatty acids, was determined by X-ray crystallography. Recently, PSA was shown to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation and the enzymatic activity of SAL. To further characterize the inhibitory mechanism, we determined the half-inhibitory concentration of SAL by PSA and the crystal structure of the complex. The IC50 of the inhibitory effect of PSA on SAL was 3.4 μm. SAL and PSA inhibitors were co-crystallized, and diffraction data sets were collected to 2.19 Å resolution at SPring-8 to determine the crystal structure and elucidate the detailed structural interactions. The results show that the fatty acid moiety of PSA is tightly bound to a hydrophobic pocket extending in two directions around the catalytic residue Ser116. Ser116 was also covalently bonded to the carbon of the unsaturated fatty acid moiety, and an oxyanion hole in SAL stabilized the electrons of the double bond. The difference in inhibitory activity between PSA and ester compounds revealed a structure-activity relationship between SAL and PSA. Additional research is required to further characterize the clinical potential of PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kitadokoro
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kamitani
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okuno
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hikima
- SR Life Science Instrumentation Team, Life Science Research Infrastructure Group, Advanced Photon Technology Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-gun, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- SR Life Science Instrumentation Team, Life Science Research Infrastructure Group, Advanced Photon Technology Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-gun, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kengo Kitadokoro
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan
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3
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Wang D, Hao L, Jiao X, Que Z, Huang J, Jin Y, Zhou R, Wang Z, Wu C. Engineering the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids by introducing desaturase improved the stress tolerance of yeast. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:2398-2405. [PMID: 37996964 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast is often used to build cell factories to produce various chemicals or nutrient substances, which means the yeast has to encounter stressful environments. Previous research reported that unsaturated fatty acids were closely related to yeast stress resistance. Engineering unsaturated fatty acids may be a viable strategy for enhancing the stress resistance of cells. RESULTS In this study, two desaturase genes, OLE1 and FAD2 from Z. rouxii, were overexpressed in S. cerevisiae to determine how unsaturated fatty acids affect cellular stress tolerance of cells. After cloning and plasmid recombination, the recombinant S. cerevisiae cells were constructed. Analysis of membrane fatty acid contents revealed that the recombinant S. cerevisiae with overexpression of OLE1 and FAD2 genes contained higher levels of fatty acids C16:1 (2.77 times), C18:1 (1.51 times) and C18:2 (4.15 times) than the wild-type S. cerevisiae pY15TEF1. In addition, recombinant S. cerevisiae cells were more resistant to multiple stresses, and exhibited improved membrane functionality, including membrane fluidity and integrity. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that strengthening the expression of desaturases was beneficial to stress tolerance. Overall, this study may provide a suitable means to build a cell factory of industrial yeast cells with high tolerance during biological manufacturing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Liying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiluo Que
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Jin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonghui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongde Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jacquemyn J, Ralhan I, Ioannou MS. Driving factors of neuronal ferroptosis. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00022-9. [PMID: 38395733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an oxidative form of iron-dependent cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides on membranes. Iron and lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for this process. Ferroptosis is central to several neurological diseases and underlies the importance of balanced iron and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the brain, particularly in neurons. Here, we reflect on the potential links between neuronal physiology and the accumulation of iron and peroxidated lipids, the mechanisms neurons use to protect themselves from ferroptosis, and the relationship between pathogenic protein deposition and ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disease. We propose that the unique physiology of neurons makes them especially vulnerable to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jacquemyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Isha Ralhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Baloch KA, Patil U, Pudtikajorn K, Khojah E, Fikry M, Benjakul S. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Structured Fatty Acids Enriched with Medium and Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acids via Solvent-Free Transesterification of Skipjack Tuna Eyeball Oil and Commercial Butterfat. Foods 2024; 13:347. [PMID: 38275715 PMCID: PMC10815637 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk lipids generally have the maximum long-chain fatty acids at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. This positioning makes them more digestible than long-chain fatty acids located at the sn-1, 3 positions. These unique fatty acid distributions are not found elsewhere in nature. When lactation is insufficient, infant formula milk has been used as a substitute. However, the distribution of most fatty acids ininfant formula milk is still different from human milk. Therefore, structured lipids were produced by the redistribution of medium-chain fatty acids from commercial butterfat (CBF) and n-3 and n-6 long-chain fatty acids from skipjack tuna eyeball oil (STEO). Redistribution was carried out via transesterification facilitated by Asian seabass liver lipase (ASL-L). Under the optimum conditions including a CBF/STEO ratio (3:1), transesterification time (60 h), and ASL-L unit (250 U), the newly formed modified-STEO (M-STEO) contained 93.56% triacylglycerol (TAG), 0.31% diacylglycerol (DAG), and 0.02% monoacylglycerol (MAG). The incorporated medium-chain fatty acids accounted for 18.2% of M-STEO, whereas ASL-L could incorporate 40% of n-3 fatty acids and 25-30% palmitic acid in M-STEO. The 1H NMRA and 13CNMR results revealed that the major saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid) and unsaturated fatty acids (DHA and EPA) were distributed at the sn-2 position of the TAGs in M-STEO. Thus, M-STEO enriched with medium-chain fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids positioned at the sn-2 position of TAGs can be a potential substitute for human milk fatty acids in infant formula milk (IFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmed Baloch
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (K.A.B.); (U.P.); (K.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Umesh Patil
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (K.A.B.); (U.P.); (K.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Khamtorn Pudtikajorn
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (K.A.B.); (U.P.); (K.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Ebtihal Khojah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Fikry
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (K.A.B.); (U.P.); (K.P.); (M.F.)
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (K.A.B.); (U.P.); (K.P.); (M.F.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Um KH, Shin JS, Son GH, Park BK. Effect of Lupin Supplementation on the Growth, Carcass, and Meat Characteristics of Late-Fattening Hanwoo Steers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:324. [PMID: 38275784 PMCID: PMC10812439 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of lupin flake supplementation on the growth, plasma parameters, carcass characteristics, and meat composition of late-fattening Hanwoo steers. The steers (n = 40) were randomly divided into the four groups with 10 steers each: LP0 (lupin flake 0%), LP3 (lupin flake 3%), LP6 (lupin flake 6%), and LP9 (lupin flake 9%). The total digestible nutriant intake increased as the concentration of lupin increased (linear and quadratic effects; p < 0.05). The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance content in the strip loins decreased as lupin flake supplementation levels increased (linear and quadratic effects; p < 0.05), while carnosine levels increased linearly (p < 0.05). As the lupin flake supplementation level increased, anserine and creatinine contents increased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.05). Similarly, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) content increased with increasing lupin flake supplementation levels in linear and quadratic effects (p < 0.001). Palmitoleic acid content increased significantly with increasing lupin flake supplementation level (linear and quadratic effects; p < 0.05). The content of oleic acid in the strip loin was not significant, but the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) (p < 0.05) and n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.05) increased. The results of this study indicated that although lupin flake supplementation did not markedly affect the growth, carcass characteristics, or meat composition of late-fattening Hanwoo steers, it exerted a positive effect on the flavor, taste profiles (anserine, creatinine, ATP, and AMP), hypotonicity (TBARS), and healthy meat production (UFA and n-6/n-3 ratio) related to beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwan Um
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchoen 24341, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.U.); (J.-S.S.)
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Suh Shin
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchoen 24341, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.U.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Gi-Hwal Son
- Institute of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchoen 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Ki Park
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchoen 24341, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.U.); (J.-S.S.)
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Yokoi K, Yanagimoto K, Hayamizu K. Supplementation of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid for Pollen-Induced Allergic Symptoms in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3465. [PMID: 37571402 PMCID: PMC10421109 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) is an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in mice and cell study. To date, however, no human intervention study has examined the effects of DGLA. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DGLA on pollen-induced allergic symptoms in healthy adults. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study comprising healthy Japanese men and women. Each subject received four 250 mg capsules providing 314 mg DGLA/day (DGLA group, n = 18) or olive oil (placebo group, n = 15) for 15 weeks. The primary outcomes, classification of the severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms (CSARS), and the Japanese Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JRQLQ) served as symptom scores during the pollen season. In the DGLA group, the cedar pollen associated symptoms of sneezing and a blocked nose in the CSARS were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). Significant trends were observed the symptoms of runny nose in the CSARS and total symptom score (TSS) in the JRQLQ for cedar pollen (p < 0.1). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the effects of DGLA in humans, and the results suggest that DGLA is effective in reducing allergic symptoms caused by pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yokoi
- Food Function R&D Center, Nissui Corporation, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan;
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan;
| | | | - Kohsuke Hayamizu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan;
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Chen X, Ran J, Mazhar M, Zhu Y, Lin Y, Qin L, Miao S. The balanced unsaturated fatty acid supplement constituted by woody edible oils improved lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1203932. [PMID: 37545586 PMCID: PMC10399753 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary intervention has demonstrated effectiveness in improving hyperlipidemia and obesity. Woody edible oils are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that could positively affect lipid metabolism. In this study, the blended oil (BLO), a balanced UFA supplement, constituted by Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Chinese Red Pepper) seed oil, walnut (Juglans regia) oil, camellia (Camema oleifera) seed oil and perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil was established referring to the Chinese dietary reference intakes, in which the ratios of monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids and ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were 1:1 and 4:1, respectively. The BLO was administrated to KM mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by gavage every day at a dose of 3.0 mL/kg·bw for 10 weeks to assess its effects on serum lipid levels, liver antioxidant activities and gut microbial composition. The results showed that the BLO improved hepatic steatosis, liver oxidative stress, and serum lipid levels. Additionally, there was an increased abundance of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Blautia, along with a decreased abundance of Staphylococcus in cecal contents. These changes were found to be positively correlated with the metabolic improvements, as indicated by Spearman's correlation analysis. These findings implied the practicality of the balanced unsaturated fatty acid consumption in preventing hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinyang Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingqi Ran
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Muhammad Mazhar
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yichen Lin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Likang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Feng S, Guo L, Wang S, Chen L, Chang H, Hang B, Mao J, Snijders AM, Lu Y, Ding D. Association of Serum Bile Acid and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles with the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2117-2128. [PMID: 37465650 PMCID: PMC10351529 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s411522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim We aimed to identify the ability of serum bile acids (BAs) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) profiles to predict the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods We first used univariate and multivariate analysis to compare 15 serum BA and 11 UFA levels in healthy control (HC) group (n = 82), T2DM patients with DR (n = 58) and T2DM patients without DR (n = 60). Forty T2DM patients were considered for validation. Then, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis were used to assess the diagnostic value and clinical benefit of serum biomarkers alone, clinical variables alone or in combination, and the area under the curve (AUC), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to further assess whether the addition of biomarkers significantly improved the predictive ability of the model. Results Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of serum BAs and UFAs separated the three cohorts including HC, T2DM patients with or without DR. The difference in serum BA and UFA profiles of T2DM patients with or without DR was mainly manifested in the three metabolites of taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and arachidonic acid (AA). Together, they had an AUC of 0.785 (0.918 for validation cohort) for predicting DR in T2DM patients. After adjusting for numerous confounding factors, TLCA, TUDCA, and AA were independent predictors that differentiated T2DM with or without DR. The results of AUC, IDI, and NRI demonstrated that adding these three biomarkers to a model with clinical variables statistically increased their predictive value and were replicated in our independent validation cohort. Conclusion These findings highlight the association of three metabolites, TLCA, TUDCA and AA, with DR and may indicate their potential value in the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bo Hang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Biomaterials, Berkeley-Nanjing Research Center, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yibing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafa Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Xiaoyue T, Qichuan Q, Jing G, Pengcuo S, Yu H, Tingxin L. Lipid levels in the Jiarong Tibetan's diet at high altitudes: a cross-sectional survey. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207710. [PMID: 37435568 PMCID: PMC10330741 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the ongoing debate on the inconsistent and controversial effects of Tibetan diet on blood lipid levels at high altitude, this cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the relationship between dietary practices and blood lipid levels among Jiarong Tibetan population. A total of 476 Jiarong Tibetan residents were included, in which basic demographic data, physical activity records, simplified food frequency questionnaire, and biochemical data were collected. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the potential associations between the variables were examined, and it was found that fat energy supply ratio increased with the elevation of altitude, while the lipid level showed an inverted U-shaped variation. However, the findings suggested that a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids might balance the effects of the Tibetan diet on the risk of lipid metabolism disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to concentrate on the fat composition rather than the amount of fat E% intake on the plateau. The results highlighted the importance of investigating the interaction between environment and genes in lipid levels among plateau Tibetan population. However, further large-scale prospective studies are required for better understanding of the complexities involved in dietary practices and their influences on blood lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Xiaoyue
- Department of Health Management and Physical Examination, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yizheng Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Qichuan
- Department of Health Management and Physical Examination, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Jing
- Physical Examination, Aba Prefecture People’s Hospital, Maerkang, China
| | - Sanlang Pengcuo
- Physical Examination, Aba Prefecture People’s Hospital, Maerkang, China
| | - Huang Yu
- Department of Health Management and Physical Examination, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tingxin
- Department of Health Management and Physical Examination, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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11
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Fabri JHTM, Rocha MC, Fernandes CM, Campanella JEM, da Cunha AF, Del Poeta M, Malavazi I. The Heat Shock Transcription Factor HsfA Plays a Role in Membrane Lipids Biosynthesis Connecting Thermotolerance and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Aspergillus fumigatus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0162723. [PMID: 37195179 PMCID: PMC10269545 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01627-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermotolerance is a remarkable virulence attribute of Aspergillus fumigatus, but the consequences of heat shock (HS) to the cell membrane of this fungus are unknown, although this structure is one of the first to detect changes in ambient temperature that imposes on the cell a prompt adaptative response. Under high-temperature stress, fungi trigger the HS response controlled by heat shock transcription factors, such as HsfA, which regulates the expression of heat shock proteins. In yeast, smaller amounts of phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid (FA) chains are synthesized in response to HS, directly affecting plasma membrane composition. The addition of double bonds in saturated FA is catalyzed by Δ9-fatty acid desaturases, whose expression is temperature-modulated. However, the relationship between HS and saturated/unsaturated FA balance in membrane lipids of A. fumigatus in response to HS has not been investigated. Here, we found that HsfA responds to plasma membrane stress and has a role in sphingolipid and phospholipid unsaturated biosynthesis. In addition, we studied the A. fumigatus Δ9-fatty acid desaturase sdeA and discovered that this gene is essential and required for unsaturated FA biosynthesis, although it did not directly affect the total levels of phospholipids and sphingolipids. sdeA depletion significantly sensitizes mature A. fumigatus biofilms to caspofungin. Also, we demonstrate that hsfA controls sdeA expression, while SdeA and Hsp90 physically interact. Our results suggest that HsfA is required for the adaptation of the fungal plasma membrane to HS and point out a sharp relationship between thermotolerance and FA metabolism in A. fumigatus. IMPORTANCE Aspergillus fumigatus causes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a life-threatening infection accounting for high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients. The ability of this organism to grow at elevated temperatures is long recognized as an essential attribute for this mold to cause disease. A. fumigatus responds to heat stress by activating heat shock transcription factors and chaperones to orchestrate cellular responses that protect the fungus against damage caused by heat. Concomitantly, the cell membrane must adapt to heat and maintain physical and chemical properties such as the balance between saturated/unsaturated fatty acids. However, how A. fumigatus connects these two physiological responses is unclear. Here, we explain that HsfA affects the synthesis of complex membrane lipids such as phospholipids and sphingolipids and controls the enzyme SdeA, which produces monounsaturated fatty acids, raw material for membrane lipids. These findings suggest that forced dysregulation of saturated/unsaturated fatty acid balance might represent novel strategies for antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Henrique Tadini Marilhano Fabri
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Campos Rocha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Mota Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jonatas Erick Maimoni Campanella
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ferreira da Cunha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Zhu L, Jiao H, Gao W, Huang L, Shi C, Zhang F, Wu J, Luo J. Fatty Acid Desaturation Is Suppressed in Mir-26a/b Knockout Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells by Upregulating INSIG1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10028. [PMID: 37373175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-26 (miR-26a and miR-26b) plays a critical role in lipid metabolism, but its endogenous regulatory mechanism in fatty acid metabolism is not clear in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). GMECs with the simultaneous knockout of miR-26a and miR-26b were obtained using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with four sgRNAs. In knockout GMECs, the contents of triglyceride, cholesterol, lipid droplets, and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) were significantly reduced, and the expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism was decreased, but the expression level of miR-26 target insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was significantly increased. Interestingly, the content of UFA in miR-26a and miR-26b simultaneous knockout GMECs was significantly lower than that in wild-type GMECs and miR-26a- and miR-26b-alone knockout cells. After decreasing INSIG1 expression in knockout cells, the contents of triglycerides, cholesterol, lipid droplets, and UFAs were restored, respectively. Our studies demonstrate that the knockout of miR-26a/b suppressed fatty acid desaturation by upregulating the target INSIG1. This provides reference methods and data for studying the functions of miRNA families and using miRNAs to regulate mammary fatty acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hongyun Jiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wenchang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lian Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chenbo Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Fuhong Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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13
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Shen J, Liu Y, Wang X, Bai J, Lin L, Luo F, Zhong H. A Comprehensive Review of Health-Benefiting Components in Rapeseed Oil. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040999. [PMID: 36839357 PMCID: PMC9962526 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed oil is the third most consumed culinary oil in the world. It is well-known for its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, which make it of great nutritional value. There is increasing evidence that a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids offers health benefits. Although the consumption of rapeseed oil cuts across many areas around the world, the nutritional elements of rapeseed oil and the exact efficacy of the nutrients remain unclear. In this review, we systematically summarized the latest studies on functional rapeseed components to ascertain which component of canola oil contributes to its function. Apart from unsaturated fatty acids, there are nine functional components in rapeseed oil that contribute to its anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective, among others. These nine functional components are vitamin E, flavonoids, squalene, carotenoids, glucoraphanin, indole-3-Carbinol, sterols, phospholipids, and ferulic acid, which themselves or their derivatives have health-benefiting properties. This review sheds light on the health-benefiting effects of rapeseed oil in the hope of further development of functional foods from rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Research and Development Department, Hunan Jinjian Cereals Industry, Changde 415001, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-731-85623491 (J.S.)
| | - Yejia Liu
- The Research and Development Department, Hunan Jinjian Cereals Industry, Changde 415001, China
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415006, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-731-85623491 (J.S.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jie Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lizhong Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Research and Development Department, Hunan Jinjian Cereals Industry, Changde 415001, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Haiyan Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Qiu F, Kang N, Tan J, Yan S, Lin L, Cai L, Goodman JM, Gao Q. Fatty Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase Fat1p Regulates Vacuolar Structure and Stationary-Phase Lipophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0462522. [PMID: 36598223 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04625-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During yeast stationary phase, a single spherical vacuole (lysosome) is created by the fusion of several small ones. Moreover, the vacuolar membrane is reconstructed into two distinct microdomains. Little is known, however, about how cells maintain vacuolar shape or regulate their microdomains. Here, we show that Fat1p, a fatty acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetase and fatty acid transporter, and not the synthetases Faa1p and Faa4p, is essential for vacuolar shape preservation, the development of vacuolar microdomains, and cell survival in stationary phase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, Fat1p negatively regulates general autophagy in both log- and stationary-phase cells. In contrast, Fat1p promotes lipophagy, as the absence of FAT1 limits the entry of lipid droplets into the vacuole and reduces the degradation of liquid droplet (LD) surface proteins. Notably, supplementing with unsaturated fatty acids or overexpressing the desaturase Ole1p can reverse all aberrant phenotypes caused by FAT1 deficiency. We propose that Fat1p regulates stationary phase vacuolar morphology, microdomain differentiation, general autophagy, and lipophagy by controlling the degree of fatty acid saturation in membrane lipids. IMPORTANCE The ability to sense environmental changes and adjust the levels of cellular metabolism is critical for cell viability. Autophagy is a recycling process that makes the most of already-existing energy resources, and the vacuole/lysosome is the ultimate autophagic processing site in cells. Lipophagy is an autophagic process to select degrading lipid droplets. In yeast cells in stationary phase, vacuoles fuse and remodel their membranes to create a single spherical vacuole with two distinct membrane microdomains, which are required for yeast lipophagy. In this study, we discovered that Fat1p was capable of rapidly responding to changes in nutritional status and preserving cell survival by regulating membrane lipid saturation to maintain proper vacuolar morphology and the level of lipophagy in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Our findings shed light on how cells maintain vacuolar structure and promote the differentiation of vacuole surface microdomains for stationary-phase lipophagy.
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15
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Obi J, Furihata K, Sato S, Honda M. Natural Sulfur Compounds, Allyl Isothiocyanate and Diallyl Disulfide, Promote Cis to Trans Isomerization of Fatty Acid Esters during Heat Treatment. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:881-887. [PMID: 37648465 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and diallyl disulfide (DADS), widely found in edible vegetables, on thermal isomerization of unsaturated fatty acid esters (oleic acid methyl ester [OA-ME], linoleic acid methyl ester [LA-ME], and eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester [EPA-EE]) were investigated. Although heating with AITC and DADS significantly promoted cis to trans isomerization of all fatty acid esters, the isomerization trends varied greatly depending on the type of fatty acid. Specifically, AITC promoted thermal isomerization of OA-ME and LA-ME more efficiently than DADS; however, an opposite result was obtained for EPA-EE. For example, when OA-ME was heated at 180°C for 1 h with 1.0 equivalent of AITC and DADS, its trans isomer ratios reached 29.0 ± 7.1 and 7.6 ± 0.6%, respectively, and when EPA-EE was heated under the same conditions, its trans isomer ratios reached 4.2 ± 0.4 and 8.6 ± 0.2%, respectively. These results indicate that isothiocyanates and polysulfides would promote the formation of trans fatty acids in food processing under heating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Obi
- Tokyo Innovation Center, Nissui Corporation
| | | | - Seizo Sato
- Tokyo Innovation Center, Nissui Corporation
| | - Masaki Honda
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University
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16
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Ran Z, Wang N, Mekkaoui A, Wang C, Zhao L, Xu B. Effect of Fatty Acyl Structure on the Foam Properties of N-Acyl Serinate Surfactants. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:715-723. [PMID: 37380487 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid surfactants derived from animal/vegetable oils and amino acids have attracted growing interest in surfactant industry. The relationship between the molecular structures of natural building blocks and the performance of the derived surfactants has become a significant subject in their application. A series of serinate surfactants with different characteristic acyls were synthesized. The specific effect of the fatty acyl structures, namely, the hydrocarbon chain length, the number of C=C bonds, and hydroxyl substituent, on the foam properties and interfacial behaviors were revealed. The serinate surfactants with long fatty acyls showed better interfacial activity and were more closely arranged at the interface, thus improving the foam stability. But the long fatty acyls also decreased the water solubility, and lead to the decreased the foamability of N-stearyl serinate surfactant. The C=C bonds in the fatty acyl improved the water solubility of the surfactants. But multiple cis C=C bonds caused the bend of hydrocarbon chains, which was unfavorable for the close arrangement of surfactant molecules, thus leading to the decrease of the foam stability. The hydroxyl group in the ricinoleoyl decreased the intermolecular van der Waals interactions and hindered the close arrangement of ricinoleoyl serinate surfactant molecules, leading to the decrease of the foam stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - You Li
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Zhaoming Ran
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Na Wang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Aicha Mekkaoui
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Ce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University
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17
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Zhong J, Wu D, Zeng Y, Wu G, Zheng N, Huang W, Li Y, Tao X, Zhu W, Sheng L, Shen X, Zhang W, Zhu R, Li H. The Microbial and Metabolic Signatures of Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0246722. [PMID: 36354350 PMCID: PMC9769616 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02467-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates an association between gut dysbiosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the underlying mechanisms relevant to stable CAD (SCAD) pathogenesis, based on microbe-host metabolism interactions, are poorly explored. Here, we constructed a quasi-paired cohort based on the metabolic background of metagenomic samples by the propensity score matching (PSM) principle. Compared to healthy controls (HCs), gut microbiome disturbances were observed in SCAD patients, accompanied by differences in serum metabolome, mainly including elevated acylcarnitine and decreased unsaturated fatty acids in SCAD patients, which implicated the reduced cardiac fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, we identified Ralstonia pickettii as the core strain responsible for impaired microbial homeostasis in SCAD patientsm and may be partly responsible for the decrease of host unsaturated fatty acid levels. These findings highlight the importance of unsaturated fatty acids, R. pickettii, and their interaction in the pathogenesis of SCAD. IMPORTANCE Stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) is an early stage of CAD development. It is important to understand the pathogenesis of SCAD and find out the possible prevention and control targets for delaying the progression of CAD. We observed reduced levels of unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) in SCAD patients. However, the reduced USFAs may be related to Ralstonia Pickettii, which was the core strain responsible for the impaired gut microbial function in SCAD patients, and further affected the host's cardiovascular health by altering amino acids, vitamin B metabolism, and LPS biosynthesis. These findings not only emphasized the importance of USFAs for cardiovascular health, but also R. Pickettii for maintaining microbial function homeostasis. More importantly, our study revealed, for the first time, that enriched R. Pickettii might be responsible for the reduced USFAs in SCAD patients, which adds new evidence on the role of altered gut microbiota for SCAD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Dingfeng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Cardiology Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weize Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Cardiology Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houkai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Liu X, Wang S, Yu Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhang H. Quality Change in Camellia Oil during Intermittent Frying. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36553789 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia oil with a high oleic acid content is widely used for frying. To comprehensively describe the quality change in camellia oil during frying, the changes in composition, deterioration indicators, and volatile profiles were investigated. The results showed that tocopherols mainly degraded in the early stage of frying, followed by unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). This caused the carbonyl value and total polar compounds level to significantly increase. Moreover, frying promoted the accumulation of volatile compounds in terms of type and abundance, especially aldehydes, which are related to the degradation of UFA. Principal component analysis showed that the frying of camellia oil was divided into three stages. First, the camellia oil with a heating time of 2.5-7.5 h showed excellent quality, where tocopherol played a major role in preventing the loss of UFA and was in the degradation acceleration stage. Subsequently, as tocopherol entered the degradation deceleration stage, the quality of camellia oil heated for 10.0-15.0 h presented a transition from good to deteriorated. Finally, tocopherol entered the degradation stagnation stage, and the quality of camellia oil heated for 17.5-25.0 h gradually deteriorated, accompanied by a high level of volatile compounds and deterioration indicators. Overall, this work comprehensively determined the deterioration of camellia oil during intermittent frying and offered valuable insights for its quality evaluation.
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Wang Y, Zuo L, Wei T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ming R, Bachar D, Xiao W, Madiha K, Chen C, Fan Q, Li C, Liu JH. CHH methylation of genes associated with fatty acid and jasmonate biosynthesis contributes to cold tolerance in autotetraploids of Poncirus trifoliata. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:2327-2343. [PMID: 36218272 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyploids have elevated stress tolerance, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, we showed that naturally occurring tetraploid plants of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) exhibited enhanced cold tolerance relative to their diploid progenitors. Transcriptome analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication was associated with higher expression levels of a range of well-characterized cold stress-responsive genes. Global DNA methylation profiling demonstrated that the tetraploids underwent more extensive DNA demethylation in comparison with the diploids under cold stress. CHH methylation in the promoters was associated with up-regulation of related genes, whereas CG, CHG, and CHH methylation in the 3'-regions was relevant to gene down-regulation. Of note, genes involved in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis in the tetraploids displayed different CHH methylation in the gene flanking regions and were prominently up-regulated, consistent with greater accumulation of UFAs and JA when exposed to the cold stress. Collectively, our findings explored the difference in cold stress response between diploids and tetraploids at both transcriptional and epigenetic levels, and gained new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced cold tolerance of the tetraploid. These results contribute to uncovering a novel regulatory role of DNA methylation in better cold tolerance of polyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lanlan Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tonglu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruhong Ming
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dahro Bachar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Khan Madiha
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanwu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qijun Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Yokoi-Shimizu K, Yanagimoto K, Hayamizu K. Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on Sleep Quality in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:4136. [PMID: 36235788 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-omega-3 fatty acids with various functions-influence sleep in children and young adults. However, only limited studies on their effects on sleep in middle- and old-aged adults have been reported. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DHA and EPA on sleep quality in subjects aged ≥ 45 years. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-grouped study, in which we randomly assigned 66 healthy Japanese males and females. Each individual received six 480 mg capsules containing 576 mg DHA and 284 mg EPA per day (DHA/EPA group, n = 33), or corn oil (placebo group, n = 33), for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory MA version (OSA-MA) and the sleep state test were conducted. In the DHA/EPA group, factor III (frequent dreaming) scores among the OSA-MA scores were significantly improved compared to the placebo group. Additionally, sleep state tests revealed that sleep efficiency improved in the DHA/EPA group. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that DHA/EPA improves sleep quality in middle- and old-aged individuals, even at doses lower than those administered in previous studies.
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21
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Liu CJ. Cytochrome b 5: A versatile electron carrier and regulator for plant metabolism. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:984174. [PMID: 36212330 PMCID: PMC9539407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome b 5 (CB5) is a small heme-binding protein, known as an electron donor delivering reducing power to the terminal enzymes involved in oxidative reactions. In plants, the CB5 protein family is substantially expanded both in its isoform numbers and cellular functions, compared to its yeast and mammalian counterparts. As an electron carrier, plant CB5 proteins function not only in fatty acid desaturation, hydroxylation and elongation, but also in the formation of specialized metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic esters, and heteropolymer lignin. Furthermore, plant CB5s are found to interact with different non-catalytic proteins such as ethylene signaling regulator, cell death inhibitor, and sugar transporters, implicating their versatile regulatory roles in coordinating different metabolic and cellular processes, presumably in respect to the cellular redox status and/or carbon availability. Compared to the plentiful studies on biochemistry and cellular functions of mammalian CB5 proteins, the cellular and metabolic roles of plant CB5 proteins have received far less attention. This article summarizes the fragmentary information pertaining to the discovery of plant CB5 proteins, and discusses the conventional and peculiar functions that plant CB5s might play in different metabolic and cellular processes. Gaining comprehensive insight into the biological functions of CB5 proteins could offer effective biotechnological solutions to tailor plant chemodiversity and cellular responses to environment stimuli.
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22
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Puspawiningtiyas E, Muraza O, Devianto H, Pratiwi M, Subagjo, Prakoso T, Krisnawan, Zaki U, Elizabeth L, Soerawidjaja TH, Situmorang YA, Indarto A. Sustainable Diesel from Pyrolysis of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Basic Soaps: The Effect of Temperature on Yield and Product Composition. Molecules 2022; 27:667. [PMID: 35163929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The production of sustainable diesel without hydrogen addition remains a challenge for low-cost fuel production. In this work, the pyrolysis of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) basic soaps was studied for the production sustainable diesel (bio-hydrocarbons). UFAs were obtained from palm fatty acids distillate (PFAD), which was purified by the fractional crystallization method. Metal hydroxides were used to make basic soap composed of a Ca, Mg, and Zn mixture with particular composition. The pyrolysis reactions were carried out in a batch reactor at atmospheric pressure and various temperatures from 375 to 475 °C. The liquid products were obtained with the best yield (58.35%) at 425 °C and yield of diesel fraction 53.4%. The fatty acids were not detected in the pyrolysis liquid product. The gas product consisted of carbon dioxide and methane. The liquid products were a mixture of hydrocarbon with carbon chains in the range of C7 and C20 containing n-alkane, alkene, and iso-alkane.
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Xie X, Chen C, Feng S, Zuo S, Zhao X, Li H. Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 7 is Transcriptionally Activated by Krüppel-Like Factor 13 and Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 8:1623-1641. [PMID: 34993160 PMCID: PMC8711737 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s338353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acyl-CoA thioesterase 7(ACOT7) plays an important role in the metabolism of fatty acids. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has an abnormal lipid profile, and the role of ACOT7 in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been detailedly elucidated. Therefore, we conducted the study to explore the role of ACOT7 in HCC. Materials and Methods The ACOT7 and Krüppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) mRNA expression levels were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Bioinformatics analysis identified the underlying upstream regulator of ACOT7. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of mRNA, and immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of protein. Cell Counting Kit-8 and EdU assays were employed to assess the proliferation of HCC cells. Wound-healing and Transwell migration assays were utilized to test the migration ability of HCC cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay were used to explore the potential mechanism. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to analyze the content of free fatty acids. Xenograft tumour growth was used to evaluate the effect of ACOT7 in vivo. Results According to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, ACOT7 mRNA was found to be upregulated and predicted the poor prognosis. Overexpression of ACOT7 enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells in vitro, as well as the HCC cells proliferation in vivo. Moreover, ACOT7 overexpression increased the yield of the monounsaturated fatty acid Oleic acid (C18:1), which strengthened the proliferation and migration abilities of HCC cells. Mechanistically, KLF13 transcriptionally promoted ACOT7 expression. Further, KLF13 was also overexpressed in HCC tissues and facilitated HCC progression. Conclusion Acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 is transcriptionally activated by Krüppel-like factor 13 and promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochun Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Saito S, Indo K, Oku N, Komaki H, Kawasaki M, Igarashi Y. Unsaturated fatty acids and a prenylated tryptophan derivative from a rare actinomycete of the genus Couchioplanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2939-2949. [PMID: 34956414 PMCID: PMC8685556 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A genome mining survey combined with metabolome analysis of publicly available strains identified Couchioplanes sp. RD010705, a strain belonging to an underexplored genus of rare actinomycetes, as a producer of new metabolites. HPLC-DAD-guided fractionation of its fermentation extracts resulted in the isolation of five new methyl-branched unsaturated fatty acids, (2E,4E)-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (1), (2E,4E)-2,4,7-trimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (2), (R)-(-)-phialomustin B (3), (2E,4E)-7-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (4), (2E,4E)-7-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethyl-2,4-octadienoic acid (5), and one prenylated tryptophan derivative, 6-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-N-acetyl-ʟ-tryptophan (6). The enantiomer ratio of 4 was determined to be approximately S/R = 56:44 by a recursive application of Trost's chiral anisotropy analysis and chiral HPLC analysis of its methyl ester. Compounds 1-5 were weakly inhibitory against Kocuria rhizophila at MIC 100 μg/mL and none were cytotoxic against P388 at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Saito
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kanji Indo
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Naoya Oku
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Komaki
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC), Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawasaki
- Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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25
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Liu J, Wei H, Zhang X, He H, Cheng Y, Wang D. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and HazelOmics Database Construction Provides Insights Into Unsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis and Cold Resistance in Hazelnut ( Corylus heterophylla). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:766548. [PMID: 34956265 PMCID: PMC8695561 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Corylus heterophylla (2n = 22) is the most widely distributed, unique, and economically important nut species in China. Chromosome-level genomes of C. avellana, C. heterophylla, and C. mandshurica have been published in 2021, but a satisfactory hazelnut genome database is absent. Northeast China is the main distribution and cultivation area of C. heterophylla, and the mechanism underlying the adaptation of C. heterophylla to extremely low temperature in this area remains unclear. Using single-molecule real-time sequencing and the chromosomal conformational capture (Hi-C) assisted genome assembly strategy, we obtained a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of C. heterophylla, with a total length of 343 Mb and scaffold N50 of 32.88 Mb. A total of 94.72% of the test genes from the assembled genome could be aligned to the Embryophyta_odb9 database. In total, 22,319 protein-coding genes were predicted, and 21,056 (94.34%) were annotated in the assembled genome. A HazelOmics online database (HOD) containing the assembled genome, gene-coding sequences, protein sequences, and various types of annotation information was constructed. This database has a user-friendly and straightforward interface. In total, 439 contracted genes and 3,810 expanded genes were identified through genome evolution analysis, and 17 expanded genes were significantly enriched in the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (ko01040). Transcriptome analysis results showed that FAD (Cor0058010.1), SAD (Cor0141290.1), and KAT (Cor0122500.1) with high expression abundance were upregulated at the ovule maturity stage. We deduced that the expansion of these genes may promote high unsaturated fatty acid content in the kernels and improve the adaptability of C. heterophylla to the cold climate of Northeast China. The reference genome and database will be beneficial for future molecular breeding and gene function studies in this nut species, as well as for evolutionary research on species of the order Fagales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Xingzheng Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Hongli He
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Yunqing Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Daoming Wang
- Liaoning Economic Forest Research Institute, Dalian, China
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26
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Guarneiri LL, Paton CM, Cooper JA. Pecan-enriched diets increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation in adults at-risk for cardiovascular disease in a randomised, controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:774-785. [PMID: 34841598 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that diets enriched with unsaturated fatty acids improve energy metabolism, although studies on tree nuts, which are a rich source of those fats, are limited. The present study aimed to examine the impact of daily pecan consumption for 8 weeks on energy metabolism in adults with hypercholesterolaemia or at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (body mass index ≥ 28 kg m-2 ). METHODS For this randomised, controlled trial, 56 sedentary adults were randomised into one of three treatments for an 8-week intervention: two pecan groups and a nut-free control group (n = 18). The ADD group (n = 16) consumed pecans as part of a free-living diet, whereas the SUB group (n = 18) substituted the pecans for isocaloric foods from their habitual diet. At baseline and 8 weeks, a high saturated fat meal was consumed along with indirect calorimetry measurements at fasting and for 4 h postprandially to determine changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) and substrate utilisation (primary outcomes). Forty-seven participants completed the trial and were included in analyses. RESULTS In the SUB group, there was an increase in fasting RMR (1607 ± 117 to 1701 ± 114 kcal day-1 ; p = 0.01) and fasting fat oxidation (0.83 ± 0.08 to 0.99 ± 0.08 g/15 min; p = 0.009) and a decrease in fasting respiratory exchange ratio (0.85 ± 0.01 to 0.83 ± 0.01; p = 0.05) from pre- to post-intervention. In the ADD group, there was an increase in postprandial DIT (p < 0.001). There were no changes within the control group or between groups for any outcome measure. CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of pecans may increase select measures of energy expenditure and fat oxidation in adults at-risk for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana L Guarneiri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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27
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Tsao CH, Chang CW, Ho YC, Chuang YK, Lee WJ. Application of OXITEST for Prediction of Shelf-Lives of Selected Cold-Pressed Oils. Front Nutr 2021; 8:763524. [PMID: 34746214 PMCID: PMC8566681 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.763524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the enhanced awareness of consumers concerning healthy foods, homemade expeller-pressed oils have become popular worldwide. However, an extended storage period may lead to oxidization of the oil and exposure to hazardous byproducts by consumers. Methods: In this study, 10 pressed oil samples prepared from common oilseeds using a small-scale expeller oil press were analyzed by OXITEST with a sample amount of 5 g of oil and an oxygen pressure of 800 kPa under accelerated conditions for shelf-life projections. The oil properties were investigated, including the recovery, smoke point, acid value, iodine value, “fatty acid composition, and contents of pigments and tocopherols”. Results: The autoxidation reaction of various expeller-pressed oils under an accelerated testing system followed zero-order Arrhenius kinetics (R2 > 0.99). Shelf-lives of the pressed oils at 25°C were estimated by extrapolation to range 105~1,089 days. The obtained shelf-lives were significantly correlated with log induction period (IP) values (r > 0.81, p < 0.05) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) (r < −0.69, p < 0.05), but not with the iodine value, acid value, or smoke point. Scatter diagrams between shelf-lives and UFAs suggested that these pressed oils could be grouped by two linear regression curves (r > 0.98, p < 0.05). The predictive equations using multiple linear regression are presented herein, with predictor variables of UFAs and an unspecified item involving potential influencing factors such as tocopherol contents (r > 0.88, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings first revealed that the UFA portion was partially correlated with the shelf-lives of selected expeller-pressed seed oils as estimated by the OXITEST. The derived equations can be applied for shelf-life predictions of expeller-pressed oils stored under dark ambient conditions based on the fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsi Tsao
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Ho
- Crop Improvement Section, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kun Chuang
- Master Program in Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Food Safety Inspection and Function Development, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Mizuno Y, Taguchi T. Fish Gelatin-Based Absorbable Dural Sealant with Anti-inflammatory Properties. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4991-4998. [PMID: 34596382 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage from the dura mater during craniotomy is a common complication, which is associated with infection, meningitis, pneumocephalus, and delayed wound healing. In the present study, we developed an absorbable fish gelatin-based anti-inflammatory sealant for dura mater sealing to prevent CSF leakage. Gelatin derived from Alaska pollock (ApGltn) was modified with α-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, and cross-linked with a poly(ethylene glycol)-based cross-linker to develop ALA-ApGltn sealant (ALA-Seal). ALA-Seal demonstrated a higher storage modulus and tangent delta (tan δ) compared with those of the original ApGltn sealant (Org-Seal). The swelling ratio of ALA-Seal was markedly lower than that of DuraSeal, a commercially available dural sealant. Ex vivo burst strength measurements using porcine dura mater indicated that there was no significant difference between DuraSeal and ALA-Seal, despite ALA-Seal having an order of magnitude lower storage modulus. The anti-inflammatory properties of ALA-Seal, evaluated using brain microglial cells, were considerably higher than those of DuraSeal and Org-Seal, with a minimal adverse effect on cell viability. Therefore, compared to DuraSeal, ALA-Seal is a potential dural sealant with a lower swelling ratio, similar burst strength, and higher anti-inflammatory properties, which may prevent CSF leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Mizuno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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29
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Peng ZT, Gao X, Huo HX, Wang HY, Guo QB, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Trewioidesine A, an unsaturated fatty acid from rhizomes of Alchornea trewioides, shows synergy with NGF in inducing differentiation of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4147-4152. [PMID: 34525866 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1978996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new unsaturated fatty acid trewioidesine A (1), together with seven known compounds (2 - 8) were isolated from the rhizomes of Alchornea trewioides (Benth.) Muell. Arg. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data interpretation (1 D and 2 D NMR, and HRESIMS). The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, confirming as trewioidesine A. The functionality of isolated compounds was tested in cultured PC12 cells, a cell line from rat pheochromocytoma. Trewioidesine A was the one showing robust activity in inducing neuronal differentiation: the induction was synergized when co-applied with nerve growth factor (NGF). In addition, a neurofilament 200 (NF200) promoter-luciferase (pNF200-Luc) reporter was used to evaluate the differentiating ability in the transfected PC12 cells for the isolated compounds. Trewioidesine A exhibited a strong NF200 promoter activation, and application of trewioidesine A with low dose of NGF significantly induced the promoter activity over 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tian Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiong Gao
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Xia Huo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huai-You Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing-Bo Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Wang Y, Chen X, Fan W, Zhang X, Zhan S, Zhong T, Guo J, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H, Wang L. Integrated application of metabolomics and RNA-seq reveals thermogenic regulation in goat brown adipose tissues. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21868. [PMID: 34449920 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100493rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role on no shivering thermogenesis during cold exposure to maintain animal body temperature and energy homeostasis. However, knowledge of the cellular transition from white adipose tissue (WAT) to BAT is still limited. In this study, we provided a comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptional signatures of goat BAT and WAT. A total of 157 metabolites were significantly changed, including 81 upregulated and 76 downregulated metabolites. In addition, we identified the citric acid cycle, fatty acid elongation, and degradation pathways as coordinately activated in BAT. Interestingly, five unsaturated fatty acids (Eicosadienoic Acid, C20:2; γ-Linolenic acid, C20:3; Arachidonic Acid, C20:4; Adrenic acid, C22:4; Docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6), Succinate, L-carnitine, and L-palmitoyl-carnitine were found to be abundant in BAT. Furthermore, L-carnitine, an intermediate of fatty acid degradation, is required for goat brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis through activating AMPK pathway. However, L-carnitine decreased lipid accumulation through inducing lipolysis and thermogenesis in white adipocytes. These results revealed that there are the significant alterations in transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles between goat WAT and BAT, which may contribute to better understanding the roles of metabolites in BAT thermogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xingyue Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Fan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xujia Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Hoteit M, Zoghbi E, Rady A, Shankiti I, Al-Jawaldeh A. Fatty Acids Quality in Middle Eastern Traditional Dishes, Arabic Sweets and Market Foods Frequently Consumed in Lebanon. Nutrients 2021; 13:2462. [PMID: 34371969 PMCID: PMC8308895 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases is on the rise in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean, including Lebanon. This study aimed to provide data on fatty acid profiles and ratios of Lebanese composite dishes, Arabic sweets, and market foods. Methods: Thirty types of traditional dishes, collected from five different Lebanese governorates, thirty-seven types of Arabic sweets and forty-six market food products were considered for analysis. Food samples were chemically analyzed for total, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The range of total fatty acids in composite dishes, Arabic sweets, and market food products was between 1.2-11.7 g/100 g, 5.3-25.8 g/100 g, and 0.5-100 g/100 g, respectively. Additionally, the range of saturated fatty acids in composite dishes, Arabic sweets, and market food products was between 0.5-4.9 g/100 g, 2.5-23.6 g/100 g and 0.1-56.4 g/100 g, respectively. Furthermore, about 75% of these foods were poor in unsaturated fatty acids. Regarding saturated fatty acid, the polyunsaturated to monounsaturated (P.M.S) ratio was lower than the recommended ratio of 1:1:1 in 96% of samples. To conclude, there is a need to prioritize fat content in foods and consider processing modifications in the food production system with the aim of achieving a higher P:M:S ratio intake among the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hoteit
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - Edwina Zoghbi
- Country Office for Lebanon, World Health Organization, Beirut 5391, Lebanon; (E.Z.); (A.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Alissar Rady
- Country Office for Lebanon, World Health Organization, Beirut 5391, Lebanon; (E.Z.); (A.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Iman Shankiti
- Country Office for Lebanon, World Health Organization, Beirut 5391, Lebanon; (E.Z.); (A.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt
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Torres-Luna C, Hu N, Domszy R, Fan X, Yang J, Briber RM, Wang NS, Yang A. Effect of Carbon Chain Length, Ionic Strength, and pH on the In Vitro Release Kinetics of Cationic Drugs from Fatty-Acid-Loaded Contact Lenses. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071060. [PMID: 34371751 PMCID: PMC8309118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the use of fatty acids in silicone hydrogel contact lenses for extending the release duration of cationic drugs. Drug release kinetics was dependent on the carbon chain length of the fatty acid loaded in the lens, with 12-, 14- and 18-carbon chain length fatty acids increasing the uptake and the release duration of ketotifen fumarate (KTF) and tetracaine hydrochloride (THCL). Drug release kinetics from oleic acid-loaded lenses was evaluated in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at different ionic strengths (I = 167, 500, 1665 mM); the release duration of KTF and THCL was decreased with increasing ionic strength of the release medium. Furthermore, the release of KTF and THCL in deionized water did not show a burst and was significantly slower compared to that in PBS. The release kinetics of KTF and THCL was significantly faster when the pH of the release medium was decreased from 7.4 towards 5.5 because of the decrease in the relative amounts of oleate anions in the lens mostly populated at the polymer–pore interfaces. The use of boundary charges at the polymer–pore interfaces of a contact lens to enhance drug partition and extend its release is further confirmed by loading cationic phytosphingosine in contact lenses to attract an anionic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Torres-Luna
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Naiping Hu
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Roman Domszy
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Jeff Yang
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Robert M. Briber
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Nam Sun Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.W.); (A.Y.); Tel.: +1-(301)-405-1910 (N.S.W.); +1-(717)-522-1739 (A.Y.)
| | - Arthur Yang
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.W.); (A.Y.); Tel.: +1-(301)-405-1910 (N.S.W.); +1-(717)-522-1739 (A.Y.)
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Kop-Bozbay C, Akdag A, Bozkurt-Kiraz A, Gore M, Kurt O, Ocak N. Laying Performance, Egg Quality Characteristics, and Egg Yolk Fatty Acids Profile in Layer Hens Housed with Free Access to Chicory- and/or White Clover-Vegetated or Non-Vegetated Areas. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061708. [PMID: 34200498 PMCID: PMC8228090 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Outdoor-based systems can improve the product quantity and quality in laying hens. This study investigated the laying performance and several egg quality characteristics in layer hens fed on a conventional diet with free access to a soil area (control, C), a chicory (CI)- or white clover (TR)-vegetated area, or a CI and TR mixture (MIX)-vegetated area. The C hens consumed more concentrate feed, without affecting the laying rate, than did TR and MIX hens. Herbage intake (HI) of the TR and MIX hens was higher than that of the CI birds. The C hens produced eggs with thicker shells than the CI, TR, and MIX hens. The decrease in the feed intake and the improvement in fatty acid (FA) profiles of the egg yolk was related to the HI. Concerning the TR and MIX vegetation, the FA composition of herbage contributed to the production of eggs with preferred FA attributes, such as polyunsaturated FAs and a favourable n-6 to n-3 ratio. Abstract This study investigated the laying performance, egg quality, and egg yolk fatty acids (FAs) and cholesterol content in layer hens housed with free access to chicory- and/or white clover-vegetated areas. During a 16-week study, 400 Lohmann Brown hens (32 weeks old) housed with free outdoor access were allocated randomly into four groups, each with four replicates of 25 hens. Control hens were fed a conventional diet with free access to a soil area (C), whereas other hens were fed on a conventional diet with free access to a chicory (CI)- or white clover (TR)-vegetated area or a CI and TR mixture (MIX)-vegetated area. The C hens consumed more concentrate feed (p = 0.018) than the TR and MIX hens, which had a higher herbage intake than the CI birds (p < 0.001). The C hens produced eggs with a thicker shell than those in the other treatment groups (p = 0.013). Compared with C, the saturated FAs of egg yolk decreased for MIX (p = 0.010). The polyunsaturated FAs were higher in the MIX eggs than in the C and TR eggs (p < 0.001). Although FAs were distributed in all quadrants of the principal component analysis (PCA), three main FA profiles could be identified based on the loadings of natural groupings in the PC2 versus PC1 plot. The present study shows clear evidence for the contribution of herbage to the hen diet without affecting laying performance. In addition, the FA composition of the CI and MIX vegetation contributed to the production of eggs with preferred FA attributes, such as polyunsaturated FAs and a favourable n-6 to n-3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Kop-Bozbay
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Akdag
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ayfer Bozkurt-Kiraz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63290 Sanliurfa, Turkey;
| | - Merve Gore
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (M.G.); (O.K.)
| | - Orhan Kurt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (M.G.); (O.K.)
| | - Nuh Ocak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey;
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Opatovsky I, Vitenberg T, Jonas-Levi A, Gutman R. Does Consumption of Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Affect Their Fatty Acid Composition? J Insect Sci 2021; 21:5. [PMID: 33974082 PMCID: PMC8355454 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids are important compounds for insects, but the requirements for essential fatty acids may differ between insect species. Most of the fatty acids are acquired through the insect's diet; therefore, supplementing the diet with baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen), which produces unsaturated fatty acids, was predicted to affect the fatty acid composition of the insect. The tested insect was the black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens L.), that is used as a source of protein and fat in feed. Therefore, there is importance for BSF larvae (BSFL) nutritional composition, especially the unsaturated fatty acids content, which is one of the nutritional limitations for mammalian diets. The dominant fatty acids of the tested BSFL were the saturated fatty acids: lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids, as found in other BSF studies. Oleic acid (c18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) were the abundant unsaturated fatty acids in the BSFL. The proportion of linoleic acid was higher in the substrate with the supplemental yeast; however, this did not affect its proportion in the larvae. The higher proportion of linoleic acid may have been exploited as a source for production of saturated lauric acid. Therefore, providing unsaturated fatty acids to the substrate through supplemental baker's yeast is not the most efficient way to increase the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Opatovsky
- Laboratory of Insect Nutrition and metabolism, The Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL - Galilee Research Centre, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Tzach Vitenberg
- Laboratory of Insect Nutrition and metabolism, The Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL - Galilee Research Centre, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Adi Jonas-Levi
- Department of Food Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Roee Gutman
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology (LIP), The Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL - Galilee Research Centre, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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Chen Z, Lu Q, Liang Y, Cui X, Wang X, Mao Y, Yang Z. Circ11103 Interacts with miR-128/ PPARGC1A to Regulate Milk Fat Metabolism in Dairy Cows. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:4490-4500. [PMID: 33826315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quality of milk is inseparable from its milk components, and fatty acid content is a key factor affecting the quality of milk. In this study, the miRNA and mRNA profiles of the bovine mammary gland tissue during the dry period and the peak lactation period were determined through high-throughput sequencing. In total, 72 miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways were screened, including miR-128/PPARGC1A regulatory pathways. miR-128 can directly target PPARGC1A and inhibit its expression. In addition, the study also observed that there was a miR-128 binding site in the sequence of the circular RNA circ11103, and circ11103 significantly reduced the expression of miR-128. circ11103 upregulated the triglyceride levels in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and increased the contents of unsaturated fatty acids. However, miR-128 decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels in BMECs. This study aims to analyze the mechanism governing the regulatory effect of circ11103 on milk fat metabolism, which provides new insights into improving milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Qinyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiangshun Cui
- Laboratory of Animal Developmental Biology, Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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Šrámek J, Němcová-Fürstová V, Kovář J. Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induction and Its Regulation by Fatty Acids in Pancreatic β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4285. [PMID: 33924206 PMCID: PMC8074590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure and death contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. One of the main factors responsible for β-cell dysfunction and subsequent cell death is chronic exposure to increased concentrations of FAs (fatty acids). The effect of FAs seems to depend particularly on the degree of their saturation. Saturated FAs induce apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells, whereas unsaturated FAs are well tolerated and are even capable of inhibiting the pro-apoptotic effect of saturated FAs. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by saturated FAs in β-cells are not completely elucidated. Saturated FAs induce ER stress, which in turn leads to activation of all ER stress pathways. When ER stress is severe or prolonged, apoptosis is induced. The main mediator seems to be the CHOP transcription factor. Via regulation of expression/activity of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, and potentially also through the increase in ROS production, CHOP switches on the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induction. ER stress signalling also possibly leads to autophagy signalling, which may activate caspase-8. Saturated FAs activate or inhibit various signalling pathways, i.e., p38 MAPK signalling, ERK signalling, ceramide signalling, Akt signalling and PKCδ signalling. This may lead to the activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, as well. Particularly, the inhibition of the pro-survival Akt signalling seems to play an important role. This inhibition may be mediated by multiple pathways (e.g., ER stress signalling, PKCδ and ceramide) and could also consequence in autophagy signalling. Experimental evidence indicates the involvement of certain miRNAs in mechanisms of FA-induced β-cell apoptosis, as well. In the rather rare situations when unsaturated FAs are also shown to be pro-apoptotic, the mechanisms mediating this effect in β-cells seem to be the same as for saturated FAs. To conclude, FA-induced apoptosis rather appears to be preceded by complex cross talks of multiple signalling pathways. Some of these pathways may be regulated by decreased membrane fluidity due to saturated FA incorporation. Few data are available concerning molecular mechanisms mediating the protective effect of unsaturated FAs on the effect of saturated FAs. It seems that the main possible mechanism represents a rather inhibitory intervention into saturated FA-induced pro-apoptotic signalling than activation of some pro-survival signalling pathway(s) or metabolic interference in β-cells. This inhibitory intervention may be due to an increase of membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šrámek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Eslami-Kaliji F, Sarafbidabad M, Kiani-Esfahani A, Mirahmadi-Zare SZ, Dormiani K. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid a bio-immunomodulator in tissue engineering; generates tolerogenic dendritic cells by blocking the toll-like receptor4. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1575-1587. [PMID: 33638611 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), in response to the biomaterials, utilize toll-like receptors (TLRs) to become mature or tolerogenic through TLRs-dependent signaling pathways, especially TLR4. Regarding the physicochemical properties of biomaterials, some of such signaling pathways are activated. Unsaturated fatty acids have been explored as an antagonist for TLRs and lead to the tolerogenic phenotype of DCs. Here we showed that, although cultured DCs on both chitosan and Alginate-polyethyleneimine (Alg-PEI) films became fully mature, 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA), an unsaturated fatty acid found in royal jelly, led to the tolerogenic immunophenotype of DCs on both films. The cultured cells on the films possessed iDCs-like morphology in the presence of 10-HDA. Moreover, 10-HDA expressed lower levels of CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR, a higher level of IL-10, and lower level of IL-12 in the cultured DCs on both films. Furthermore, HEK293T cells expressing only TLR4 (HEK-TLR4 cells) were co-cultured with LPS, a specific agonist for TLR4, and 10-HDA. The 10-HDA significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) in the HEK-TLR4 cells compared to treated only with LPS. These findings indicate that the 10-HDA acts as an antagonist of TLR4; therefore, potentially can be used in autoimmune diseases and preventing the rejection of biomaterials implantation and allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Eslami-Kaliji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sarafbidabad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyede Zohreh Mirahmadi-Zare
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kianoush Dormiani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
Biological membranes are not only essential barriers that separate cellular and subcellular structures, but also perform other critical functions such as the initiation and propagation of intra- and intercellular signals. Each membrane-delineated organelle has a tightly regulated and custom-made membrane lipid composition that is critical for its normal function. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of a dynamic membrane network that is required for the synthesis and modification of proteins and lipids. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen activates an adaptive stress response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR-ER). Interestingly, recent findings show that lipid perturbation is also a direct activator of the UPR-ER, independent of protein misfolding. Here, we review proteostasis-independent UPR-ER activation in the genetically tractable model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We review the current knowledge on the membrane lipid composition of the ER, its impact on organelle function and UPR-ER activation, and its potential role in human metabolic diseases. Further, we summarize the bi-directional interplay between lipid metabolism and the UPR-ER. We discuss recent progress identifying the different respective mechanisms by which disturbed proteostasis and lipid bilayer stress activate the UPR-ER. Finally, we consider how genetic and metabolic disturbances may disrupt ER homeostasis and activate the UPR and discuss how using -omics-type analyses will lead to more comprehensive insights into these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Xu
- Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Healthy Starts Theme, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Healthy Starts Theme, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Lillja J, Duncan KD, Lanekoff I. Determination of Mono unsaturated Fatty Acid Isomers in Biological Systems by Modeling MS 3 Product Ion Patterns. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:2479-2487. [PMID: 32677833 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated free fatty acids are natively present in biological samples as isomers, where double bonds can be situated on different carbons in the acyl chain. While these isomers can have different actions and impacts on biological systems, they are inherently difficult to identify and differentiate by mass spectrometry alone. To address this challenge, several techniques for derivatization of the double bond or metal cationization at the carboxylic group have yielded diagnostic product ions for the respective isomer in tandem mass spectrometry. However, diagnostic product ions do not necessarily reflect quantitative isomeric ratios since fatty acid isomers have different ionization and fragmentation efficiencies. Here, we introduce a simple and rapid approach to predict the quantitative ratio of isomeric monounsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, empirically derived MS3 product ion patterns from fatty acid silver adducts are modeled using a stepwise linear model. This model is then applied to predict the proportion oleic and vaccenic acid in chemically complex samples at individual concentrations between 0.45 and 5.25 μM, with an average accuracy and precision below 2 and 5 mol %, respectively. We show that by simply including silver ions in the electrospray solvent, isomeric ratios are rapidly predicted in neat standards, rodent plasma, and tissue extract. Furthermore, we use the method to directly map isomeric ratios in tissue sections using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization MS3 imaging without any sample preparation or modification to the instrumental setup. Ultimately, this approach provides a simple and rapid solution to differentiate monounsaturated fatty acids using commonly available commercial mass spectrometers without any instrumental modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lillja
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kyle D Duncan
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Chen J, Li Y, Cao J, Huang J, Jiang C, Dai X, Huang G. Adiantic acid, a new unsaturated fatty acid with a cyclopropane moiety from Adiantum flabellulatum L. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2386-2392. [PMID: 33016135 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1827405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Adiantum flabellulatum L. led to the isolation of four natural compounds, including a novel unsaturated fatty acid with a cyclopropane moiety, i.e. (S,E)-7-(2-octylcyclopropylidene)heptanoic acid (1), together with three known compounds, isoadiantol B (2), stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one (3), β-sitosterol (4). Compound 3 was isolated from the A. flabellulatum L. for the first time. The structure of 1 was elucidated following a comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic analyses including MS, 1 D and 2 D NMR, and by a mass spectrometry experiment of the dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) adduct, while the known compounds were identified by comparisons with those reported in the literature. Enzyme evaluation of 1 indicated this compound possesses anti- protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) activity with an IC50 value of 6.99 ± 0.41 μM in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiling Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guozheng Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Mizuno Y, Taguchi T. Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Adhesion Properties of an α-Linolenic Acid-Modified Gelatin-Based In Situ Hydrogel. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:6204-6213. [PMID: 35021753 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-natural chemicals derived from fish and nuts-have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties that are attributed to the inhibition of inflammatory pathways and the radical scavenging activity of their double bonds. In this study, Alaska pollock-derived gelatin (ApGltn), which has a low sol-gel transition temperature, was modified with α-linolenic acid (ALA) to obtain ALA-ApGltn, which was subsequently cross-linked to give a hydrogel (ALA-gel). Although the elastic modulus of ALA-gel and nonmodified ApGltn gel (Org-gel) was almost the same, ALA-gel exhibited a higher tan δ as well as a lower swelling ratio and enzymatic degradation rate than Org-gel. Moreover, ALA-gel showed enhanced tissue adhesive strength compared with a commercial fibrin adhesive. The concentration of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secreted from macrophage-like cells and the intracellular mitochondrial activity indicated that ALA-ApGltn exerted anti-inflammatory effects and maintained cell viability compared with the higher toxicity nonconjugated ALA. In addition, ALA-gel demonstrated suppressed formation of lamellipodia and secretion of TNF-α. ALA-gel therefore has potential as an adhesive biomaterial for wound sealing and treating burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Mizuno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Zhang H, Dan N, Ao C, Wang S, Erdene K, Ashraf MU. Effects of exogenous C18 unsaturated fatty acids on milk lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J DAIRY RES 2020; 87:344-8. [PMID: 32893769 DOI: 10.1017/S0022029920000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We determined the effects of a combination of C18 unsaturated fatty acids (C18-UFAs) consisting of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids on milk lipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). By orthogonal experiments to determine cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, a combination of 200 μmol/l C18 : 1, 50 μmol/l C18 : 2, and 2 μmol/l C18 : 3 was selected as C18-UFAs combination treatment, and culture in medium containing fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin was used as the control. The expression of genes related to milk lipid synthesis and intracellular FA composition was measured. The results showed that cytosolic TAG formation was higher under C18-UFAs treatment than under control treatment. The mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) did not differ between treatments. The abundance of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) was higher, whereas that of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF-1) was lower after C18-UFAs treatment compared to control treatment. The C16 : 0 and SFA content was decreased following C18-UFAs treatment compared to control treatment, while the cis-9 C18 : 1 and UFA content was increased. In conclusion, C18-UFAs could stimulate triglyceride accumulation, increase the cellular UFA concentration, and regulate lipogenic genes in BMECs.
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Tian XZ, Lu Q, Paengkoum P, Paengkoum S. Short communication: Effect of purple corn pigment on change of anthocyanin composition and unsaturated fatty acids during milk storage. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7808-7812. [PMID: 32684465 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in milk give rise to radicals and lead to lipid oxidation during storage, reducing the commercial value of milk. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of anthocyanins from purple corn pigment on the oxidation of UFA in milk. Milk samples were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) the control (without purple corn pigment) and (2) treatment (0.3% purple corn pigment), using a completely randomized design. The milk samples were placed into plastic tubes and stored at 4°C for a period of 0, 1, 3, and 7 d. Individual anthocyanin composition and UFA were detected by HPLC-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. The results indicated that pelargonidin (0.258 vs. 0.054 µg/mL), cyanidin (5.550 vs. 1.808 µg/mL), petunidin (0.464 vs. 0.107 µg/mL), delphinidin (2.061 vs. 0.123 µg/mL), and total anthocyanin (8.332 vs. 2.091 µg/mL) significantly decreased in response to increasing storage day. Of interest, purple corn pigment had a significant effect on most of the UFA (C14:1n-5, C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C18:3n-6, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-3, and C20:4n-6), except for C17:1n-7 and C20:3n-6. Specifically, various stronger positive correlations were noted for anthocyanin composition and UFA (pelargonidin and petunidin with C14:1n-5, C17:1n-7, C18:2n-6, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-3, and C20:4n-6; and cyanidin and total anthocyanins with C14:1n-5, C16:1n-7, C17:1n-7). Collectively, the current study suggested that the addition of anthocyanins from purple corn pigment had the potential to maintain UFA concentrations in milk during the storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Tian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Q Lu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - P Paengkoum
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - S Paengkoum
- Program in Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
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Panah FM, Lashkari S, Krogh Jensen S, Riis Weisbjerg M. Effect of toasting and decortication of oat on rumen biohydrogenation and intestinal digestibility of fatty acids in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8105-8118. [PMID: 32564956 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This experiment quantified the effect of decorticated and toasted oat (Avena sativa L.) on fatty acid (FA) supply, ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) of FA, and intestinal digestibility of FA in 4 ruminal and intestinal cannulated Danish Holstein cows. Experimental diets containing untreated oat, decorticated oat, toasted oat, and decorticated and toasted oat were fed ad libitum to the cows in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a Latin square design throughout 4 periods. Unless otherwise mentioned, the results of this study indicate the main effect of decortication and toasting. Decortication increased the intake of FA by 40.3 g/d and increased feed-ileum digested FA, whereas toasting decreased the intake of FA by 69.3 g/d. Toasting increased both feed-ileum and total-tract digestibility of FA by 59.8 and 67.4 g/kg of FA intake, respectively. The proportion of C18:2n-6 in FA intake increased, and the C18:3n-3 proportion in FA intake decreased due to decortication. Toasting resulted in a dramatic reduction of the C18:2n-6 proportion in FA intake, and it increased the proportions of C18:0 and C18:3n-3 in FA intake. Toasting reduced ruminal BH of C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 by 134 and 11.7 g/kg of FA intake, respectively, and toasting increased the proportion of unsaturated FA to saturated FA in the duodenal FA flow. Decortication decreased the ruminal BH of C18:3n-3 by 38.0 g/kg of FA intake. Decortication increased small intestinal digestibility of C12:0, C15:0, C20:0, and C22:0. Toasting increased the small intestinal digestibility of C15:0, C18:0, trans-C18:1, C20:0, and C24:0. Toasting reduced the small intestinal digestibility of C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, and C20:1n-9. This study showed that decortication successfully increased the intake of FA and flow of FA at the duodenum and feed-ileum digested FA. However, toasting oat at 121°C caused a remarkable decline in FA concentration in oat, and thereby FA intake; therefore, toasting cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad M Panah
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Saman Lashkari
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Søren Krogh Jensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Bennato F, Innosa D, Ianni A, Martino C, Grotta L, Martino G. Volatile Profile in Yogurt Obtained from Saanen Goats Fed with Olive Leaves. Molecules 2020; 25:E2311. [PMID: 32423117 PMCID: PMC7287967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of volatile compounds in yogurt samples obtained from goats fed a dietary supplementation with olive leaves (OL). For this purpose, thirty Saanen goats were divided into two homogeneous groups of 15 goats each: a control group that received a standard diet (CG) and an experimental group whose diet was supplemented with olive leaves (OLG). The trial lasted 28 days, at the end of which the milk of each group was collected and used for yogurt production. Immediately after production, and after 7 days of storage at 4 °C in the absence of light, the yogurt samples were characterized in terms of fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and volatile compounds by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-GC/MS technique. Dietary OL supplementation positively affected the fatty acid composition, inducing a significant increase in the relative proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic acid (C18:1 cis9) and linolenic acid (C18:3). With regard to the volatile profile, both in fresh and yogurt samples stored for 7 days, the OL supplementation induced an increase in free fatty acids, probably due to an increase in lipolysis carried out by microbial and endogenous milk enzymes. Specifically, the largest variations were found for C6, C7, C8 and C10 free fatty acids. In the same samples, a significant decrease in aldehydes, mainly heptanal and nonanal, was also detected, supporting-at least in part-an improvement in the oxidative stability. Moreover, alcohols, esters and ketones appeared lower in OLG samples, while no significant variations were observed for lactones. These findings suggest the positive role of dietary OL supplementation in the production of goats' milk yogurt, with characteristics potentially indicative of an improvement in nutritional properties and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Denise Innosa
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Camillo Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Via Campo Boario 37, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
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Brenna E, Colombo D, Di Lecce G, Gatti FG, Ghezzi MC, Tentori F, Tessaro D, Viola M. Conversion of Oleic Acid into Azelaic and Pelargonic Acid by a Chemo-Enzymatic Route. Molecules 2020; 25:E1882. [PMID: 32325747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemo-enzymatic approach for the conversion of oleic acid into azelaic and pelargonic acid is herein described. It represents a sustainable alternative to ozonolysis, currently employed at the industrial scale to perform the reaction. Azelaic acid is produced in high chemical purity in 44% isolation yield after three steps, avoiding column chromatography purifications. In the first step, the lipase-mediated generation of peroleic acid in the presence of 35% H2O2 is employed for the self-epoxidation of the unsaturated acid to the corresponding oxirane derivative. This intermediate is submitted to in situ acid-catalyzed opening, to afford 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid, which readily crystallizes from the reaction medium. The chemical oxidation of the diol derivative, using atmospheric oxygen as a stoichiometric oxidant with catalytic quantities of Fe(NO3)3∙9∙H2O, (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO), and NaCl, affords 9,10-dioxostearic acid which is cleaved by the action of 35% H2O2 in mild conditions, without requiring any catalyst, to give pelargonic and azelaic acid.
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Makmur M, Zain M, Agustin F, Sriagtula R, Putri EM. In vitro rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in tropical grass-legume rations. Vet World 2020; 13:661-668. [PMID: 32546909 PMCID: PMC7245701 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.661-668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of tropical grass-legume species in rations on the biohydrogenation (BH) activity of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), C18:0 composition, and fermentation profile in an in vitro rumen system. Materials and Methods: Samples of the following five fodder plants were used: One species of grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and four species of tree legumes (Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Indigofera zollingeriana). The following eight experimental diets were evaluated: 50% P. purpureum + 50% L. leucocephala (LL I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% G. sepium (GS I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% C. calothyrsus (CC I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% I. zollingeriana (IZ I); 75% P. purpureum + 25% L. leucocephala (LL II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% G. sepium (GS II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% C. calothyrsus (CC II); and 75% P. purpureum + 25% I. zollingeriana (IZ II). Each ration was replicated 3 times. In vitro rumen incubation was performed for 48 h, according to the Tilley and Terry method. Determination of the FA profiles of the forage materials and rumen fluid samples was performed using gas chromatography. Results: The percentage of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the forage materials ranged from 34.18% (P. purpureum) to 74.51% (C. calothyrsus). The percentage of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) ranged from 5.06% (P. purpureum) to 8.71% (L. leucocephala). The percentage of saturated FA (SFA) was the lowest at 19.12% (C. calothyrsus) and highest at 60.76% (P. purpureum). In vitro BH of C18:3 n-3, C18:2 n-6, C18:1 n-9, and C18 PUFA in the experimental diets ranged from 72% to 100%. The BH of C18:1 n-9 in GS I (80%) and IZ I (72%) was significantly different (p<0.05). The percentage of C18:0 was 10-50% and significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments, with the highest (of 50%) in GS II. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the fermentation parameters (pH, total volatile FAs, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro organic matter digestibility) among the treatments, except in NH3 concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The various combinations of tropical legumes do not have significant inhibitory effects on the BH of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, and C18 PUFA after in vitro incubation for 48h. Furthermore, an increase in the tropical legume ratio in the ration tends to suppress C18:0 formation after the fermentation simulation process. IZ I has the potential to reduce C18:1 n-9 (MUFA) disappearance and yield an ideal rumen fermentation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Makmur
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Mardiati Zain
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Fauzia Agustin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Riesi Sriagtula
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Ezi Masdia Putri
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
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Su CJ, Hsieh SY, Chiang MWL, Pang KL. Salinity, pH and temperature growth ranges of Halophytophthora isolates suggest their physiological adaptations to mangrove environments. Mycology 2020; 11:256-262. [PMID: 33062386 PMCID: PMC7534344 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1714768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of Halophytophthora are early colonisers of fallen mangrove leaves in the tropics but recently found commonly in temperate areas. In mangrove habitats, temperature and salinity change rapidly daily (high/low tide) and seasonally (summer/winter, rainy/dry seasons). Mangrove organisms have to develop adaptive strategies to thrive in such a physiologically challenging environment. In this study, growth of three isolates of Halophytophthora avicenniae and two isolates of H. batemanensis was tested under combined effects of 3 temperatures (15°C, 25°C, 37°C), 3 pHs (6, 7, 8) and 4 salinities (4 ‰, 8 ‰, 16 ‰, 32 ‰). No/little growth was observed at 37°C and growth saturation occurred earlier at 25°C than at 15°C. The log phase of growth was steeper at pH 6 than pH 7 and 8. Temperature and pH were found to exert a greater effect on growth than salinity. Generally, a reduction of growth rate was observed at pH 8 and 15°C. Increase in salinity caused a slight decrease in growth, most noticeable at 32 ‰. The wide growth ranges of temperature, salinity and pH of Halophytophthora isolates suggest that they are well adapted to the physical and chemical conditions of mangrove habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jui Su
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yuan Hsieh
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Imamura T, Nguyen A, Rodgers D, Kim G, Raikhelkar J, Kalantari S, Narang N, Juricek C, Ota T, Jeevanandam V, Sayer G, Uriel N. Omega-3 and hemocompatibility-related adverse events. J Card Surg 2019; 35:405-412. [PMID: 31850548 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemocompatibility-related clinical adverse events (HRAEs) are major causes of readmission in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Omega-3 is an unsaturated fatty acid that possesses anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. We aimed to investigate the impact of omega-3 therapy on HRAEs during LVAD support. METHODS Consecutive LVAD patients who were followed for 6 months were enrolled, and stratified by the use of omega-3. Freedom from any HRAEs and net burden of HRAEs, which was calculated by using a hemocompatibility score (using 4 escalating tiers of hierarchal severity to derive a total score for events), were compared between those with and without omega-3 therapy. RESULTS Among 169 LVAD patients (57 years old and 124 males), 31 patients received 4 g/d of omega-3 therapy and 138 patients were in the control group. During the 6-month observational period, freedom from any HRAEs was 90% in the omega-3 group compared with 70% in the control group with a hazard ratio of 0.35 (95% confidence interval 0.11-0.87 and P = .042). The average hemocompatibility score in the omega-3 group was significantly lower compared with the control group (0.23 vs 0.91; P = .042), due to reduced Tier I scores (mild HRAE; P = .003) and Tier IIIB scores (severe HRAE; P < .001). The similar trends remained at propensity-matched populations. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 therapy was associated with reduced HRAEs including both bleeding and thromboembolic events in LVAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Imamura
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Second Department of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ann Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gene Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jayant Raikhelkar
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sara Kalantari
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nikhil Narang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Colleen Juricek
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Takeyoshi Ota
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Gabriel Sayer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nir Uriel
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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50
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Cruz VAR, Oliveira HR, Brito LF, Fleming A, Larmer S, Miglior F, Schenkel FS. Genome-Wide Association Study for Milk Fatty Acids in Holstein Cattle Accounting for the DGAT1 Gene Effect. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E997. [PMID: 31752271 PMCID: PMC6912218 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genomic regions and candidate genes associated with milk fatty acids contributes to better understand the underlying biology of these traits and enables breeders to modify milk fat composition through genetic selection. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to perform genome-wide association analyses for five groups of milk fatty acids in Holstein cattle using a high-density (777K) SNP panel; and (2) to compare the results of GWAS accounting (or not) for the DGAT1 gene effect as a covariate in the statistical model. The five groups of milk fatty acids analyzed were: (1) saturated (SFA); (2) unsaturated (UFA); (3) short-chain (SCFA); (4) medium-chain (MCFA); and (5) long-chain (LCFA) fatty acids. When DGAT1 was not fitted as a covariate in the model, significant SNPs and candidate genes were identified on BTA5, BTA6, BTA14, BTA16, and BTA19. When fitting the DGAT1 gene in the model, only the MGST1 and PLBD1 genes were identified. Thus, this study suggests that the DGAT1 gene accounts for most of the variability in milk fatty acid composition and the PLBD1 and MGST1 genes are important additional candidate genes in Holstein cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdecy A. R. Cruz
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.A.R.C.); (H.R.O.); (L.F.B.); (A.F.); (S.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Hinayah R. Oliveira
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.A.R.C.); (H.R.O.); (L.F.B.); (A.F.); (S.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Luiz F. Brito
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.A.R.C.); (H.R.O.); (L.F.B.); (A.F.); (S.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Allison Fleming
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.A.R.C.); (H.R.O.); (L.F.B.); (A.F.); (S.L.); (F.M.)
- Lactanet Canada, Guelph, Ontario, ON N1K 1E5, Canada
| | - Steven Larmer
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.A.R.C.); (H.R.O.); (L.F.B.); (A.F.); (S.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Filippo Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.A.R.C.); (H.R.O.); (L.F.B.); (A.F.); (S.L.); (F.M.)
- Ontario Genomics, Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Flavio S. Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.A.R.C.); (H.R.O.); (L.F.B.); (A.F.); (S.L.); (F.M.)
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