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Skálová A, Baněčková M, Laco J, Di Palma S, Agaimy A, Ptáková N, Costes-Martineau V, Petersson BF, van den Hout MFCM, de Rezende G, Klubíčková N, Koblížek M, Koshyk O, Vaneček T, Leivo I. Sclerosing Polycystic Adenoma of Salivary Glands: A Novel Neoplasm Characterized by PI3K-AKT Pathway Alterations-New Insights Into a Challenging Entity. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:268-280. [PMID: 34510113 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA) is a rare salivary gland neoplasm originally thought to represent a non-neoplastic lesion. Recently we have encountered an index case of apocrine intraductal carcinoma of parotid gland of 62-year-old man with invasive salivary duct carcinoma component arising from SPA, a combination of tumor entities that has never been published so far. Here, we further explore the nature of SPA by evaluating 36 cases that were identified from the authors' consultation files. The patients were 25 females and 11 males aged 11 to 79 years (mean, 47.8 y). All tumors originated from the parotid gland. Their size ranged from 11 to 70 mm (mean, 28 mm). Histologically, all cases revealed characteristic features of SPA, such as lobulated well-circumscribed growth, focal hyalinized sclerosis, presence of large acinar cells with abundant brightly eosinophilic intracytoplasmic granules, and ductal components with variable cytomorphologic characteristics, including foamy, vacuolated, apocrine, mucous, clear/ballooned, squamous, columnar and oncocyte-like cells. In all cases, there were foci of intraluminal solid and cribriform intercalated duct-like epithelial proliferations with variable dysplasia which were positive for S100 protein and SOX10, and fully enveloped by an intact layer of myoepithelial cells. In addition, 14/36 cases (39%) had focal intraductal cribriform and micropapillary apocrine-type dysplastic epithelial structures composed of cells positive for androgen receptors and negative for S100/SOX10. The intraductal proliferations of both types showed focal mild to severe dysplasia in 17 cases (17/36; 47%). Two cases showed overt malignant morphology ranging from high-grade intraductal carcinoma to invasive carcinoma with an apocrine ductal phenotype. Next generation sequencing using ArcherDX panel targeting RNA of 36 pan-cancer-related genes and/or a TruSight Oncology 170/500 Kit targeting a selection of DNA from 523 genes and RNA from 55 genes was performed. Tumor tissue was available for molecular analysis in 11 cases, and 9 (9/11; 82%) of them harbored genetic alterations in the PI3K pathway. Targeted sequencing revealed HRAS mutations c.37G>C, p.(Gly13Arg) (2 cases) and c.182A>G, p.(Gln61Arg) (2 cases), and PIK3CA mutations c.3140A>G, p.(His1047Arg) (3 cases), c.1633G>A, p.(Glu545Lys) (1 case), and c.1624G>A, p.(Glu542Lys) (1 case). Moreover, mutations in AKT1 c.49G>A, p.(Glu17Lys) and c.51dup, p.(Tyr18ValfsTer15); c.49_50delinsAG, p.(Glu17Arg) (as a double hit) were found (2 cases). In addition, germinal and somatic mutation of PTEN c.1003C>T, p.(Arg335Ter); c.445C>T, p.(Gln149Ter), respectively, were detected. Gene fusions were absent in all cases. These prevalent molecular alterations converging on one major cancer-related pathway support the notion that SPA is a true neoplasm with a significant potential to develop intraluminal epithelial proliferation with apocrine and/or intercalated duct-like phenotype. The name SPA more correctly reflects the true neoplastic nature of this enigmatic lesion.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma/enzymology
- Adenoma/genetics
- Adenoma/pathology
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Child
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- Parotid Neoplasms/enzymology
- Parotid Neoplasms/genetics
- Parotid Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Sclerosis
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Skálová
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd
| | - Martina Baněčková
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové
| | - Silvana Di Palma
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Surrey, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikola Ptáková
- Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Bioptic Laboratory Ltd, Plzen
| | | | - Bengt F Petersson
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mari F C M van den Hout
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gisele de Rezende
- Department of Anatomic Histopathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Cancer Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Natálie Klubíčková
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd
| | - Miroslav Koblížek
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine in Prague, Prague, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomáš Vaneček
- Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Bioptic Laboratory Ltd, Plzen
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Monteiro I, Missiaglia E, Sciarra A, Santos JV, Bouilly J, Romero P, Sempoux C, de Leval L. CD73 expression in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid: a systematic evaluation revealing CD73 overexpression as a feature of papillary carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:209-214. [PMID: 34019179 PMCID: PMC8298324 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD73 converts AMP to adenosine, an immunosuppressive metabolite that promotes tumorigenesis. This study presents a systematic evaluation of CD73 expression in benign, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid. CD73 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 142 thyroid samples. CD73 was expressed in normal thyroid (3/6) and goiter (5/6), with an apical pattern and mild intensity. Apical and mild CD73 expression was also present in oncocytic cell adenomas/carcinomas (9/10; 5/8) and in follicular adenomas/carcinomas (12/18; 23/27). In contrast, papillary thyroid carcinomas featured extensive and intense CD73 staining (49/50) (vs. normal thyroid/goiter, p < 0.001). Seven of nine anaplastic carcinomas were CD73-positive with heterogeneous extensiveness of staining. Medullary and poorly differentiated carcinomas were mostly CD73-negative (1/6; 2/2). These results were corroborated by NT5E mRNA profiling. Papillary carcinomas feature enhanced CD73 protein and mRNA expression with distinct and intense staining, more pronounced in the invasive fronts of the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Monteiro
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Missiaglia
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Sciarra
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - João Vasco Santos
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
- Public Health Unit, ACES Grande Porto VIII - Espinho/Gaia, ARS Norte, Espinho, Portugal
| | - Justine Bouilly
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Nakaguro M, Mino-Kenudson M, Urano M, Ogawa I, Honda Y, Hirai H, Tanigawa M, Sukeda A, Kajiwara N, Ohira T, Ikeda N, Mikami Y, Tada Y, Ikeda JI, Matsubayashi J, Faquin WC, Sadow PM, Nagao T. Sialadenoma Papilliferum of the Bronchus: An Unrecognized Bronchial Counterpart of the Salivary Gland Tumor With Frequent BRAF V600E Mutations. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:662-671. [PMID: 33443864 PMCID: PMC8035241 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign tumor of the salivary glands, and only 3 unequivocal cases of SP arising in the bronchus have been reported. We herein describe the histomorphologic and molecular features of 4 bronchial SP cases and discuss the differential diagnosis of this entity and the relationship with its clinicopathologic mimics, in particular, glandular papilloma and mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (GP/MP). We encountered 2 male and 2 female patients with bronchial SP (mean: 66.8 y old). All 4 tumors arose in the central bronchus and were characterized by a combination of surface exophytic endobronchial papillary proliferation and a submucosal multicystic component with complex architecture. The neoplastic epithelium consisted predominantly of nonciliated stratified columnar cells with ciliated, squamous, and mucinous cells present focally. While 2 tumors (50%) harbored a BRAF V600E mutation by molecular and immunohistochemical analysis, similar to GP/MP, no KRAS, HRAS, AKT1, or PIK3CA mutations were detected in any of the cases. Two patients were treated with limited resection, while 2 patients underwent lobectomy based on the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma or possible squamous cell carcinoma in situ in the preoperative biopsy. All survived without recurrence or metastasis for 23 to 122 months after treatment. SP can develop in the central bronchus as the bronchial counterpart of the salivary gland tumor and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial tumors. In addition, some histologic resemblance and frequent BRAF V600E mutation raise the possibility of SP and GP/MP being on the same disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya
University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Makoto Urano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health
University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University
Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumi Honda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University
Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Tanigawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aoi Sukeda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Ohira
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Norihiko Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Yoshiki Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University
Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery,
International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chiba University
Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Matsubayashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - William C. Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M. Sadow
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Zhao G, Chen W, He J, Cui C, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Sun C, Nie D, Jin F, Kong L. Analysis of Cyclooxygenase 2, Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1, and Arginase 1 Expression in Human Pituitary Adenoma. World Neurosurg 2020; 144:e660-e673. [PMID: 32920160 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of COX-2 can reduce the antitumor effect of the immune system by inhibiting the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was the first functionally characterized ligand of programmed cell death protein 1. It plays an important role in maintaining peripheral and central immune tolerance by combining with programmed cell death protein 1. Arginase 1 (ARG1) can process L-arginine in the local microenvironment and affect the function of T cells, resulting in immune escape. In this study, COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 expression in human pituitary adenoma (PA) and their relationship were investigated, which provided an initial theoretic basis for further study of the immune escape mechanism in PA in cellular and animal experiments. METHODS The protein expression of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 in 55 PA samples was detected by immunohistochemistry, with 10 normal brain tissues as the control group. The location of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 in PA cells was studied by double immunofluorescence colocalization. The results of immunohistochemistry were further verified by Western blot. RESULTS The expression of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 in PA was significantly higher than that in normal brain tissue. In functional PA (FPA) and nonfunctional PA (NFPA), there was no significant difference in the expression of COX-2 and PD-L1, whereas ARG1 was higher in NFPA. Moreover, the protein expression level of COX-2 was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 and ARG1, and the expression of PD-L1 was positively correlated with that of ARG1. Immunofluorescence confocal imaging showed that COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 were all expressed in the cytoplasm of PA cells, and the physical positions of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 were partially coincident. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that overexpression of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PA. ARG1 plays a more important role in the development of NFPA. By upregulating the expression of PD-L1, COX-2 may promote the expression of ARG1, forming the COX-2/PD-L1/ARG1 signal pathway in promoting the occurrence and development of PA. Perhaps further study of the pathogenesis of PA can start with the mechanism of immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weike Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juanjuan He
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yueshu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuilian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongli Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingsheng Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China.
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Yang Y, Xiao M, Song Y, Tang Y, Luo T, Yang S, He W, Cheng Q, Ma L, Zhang Y, He Y, Cao Y, Yang J, Peng B, Hu J, Li Q. H-score of 11β-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase in the histopathological diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors. Endocrine 2019; 65:683-691. [PMID: 31332713 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the diagnostic performance of the H-score of 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) in the histopathological diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors (ACT). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 199 cases of ACT, of which 85 were diagnosed as aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), 66 as cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA), 9 as aldosterone-cortisol co-secreting adenoma, 30 as nonhyperfunctioning adenoma, and 9 as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-CYP11B1 and anti-CYP11B2 monoclonal antibodies. The staining was quantified by the McCarty's H-score system. The diagnostic performance was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS The H-score of CYP11B1 is highest in the CPA group and lowest in the ACC group. The H-score of CYP11B2 in the APA group is significantly higher than other ACT groups. The area under ROC (AUC) of an increased H-score of CYP11B2 (>65) for the diagnosis of APA was 0.971 (95%CI 0.937-0.990). The AUC of an increased H-score of CYP11B1 (>204) for the diagnosis of CPA was 0.725 (95%CI 0.658-0.786). The AUC of a decreased H-score of CYP11B1 (<85) for the diagnosis of ACC was 0.960 (95%CI 0.923-0.983). CONCLUSIONS H-score of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 are reliable tools for the histopathological subtyping of functional benign ACT and may offer some value in the histopathological diagnosis of malignant ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linqiang Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfeng He
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youde Cao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Bin Peng
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Kojima K, Nakamura T, Ohbu M, Katoh H, Ooizumi Y, Igarashi K, Ishii S, Tanaka T, Yokoi K, Nishizawa N, Yokota K, Kosaka Y, Sato T, Watanabe M, Yamashita K. Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) gene promoter methylation during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194785. [PMID: 29746493 PMCID: PMC5944981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been explained by genomic abnormalities along with the adenoma-carcinoma sequence theory (ACS). The aim of our study is to elucidate whether the promoter DNA methylation of the cancer-specific methylation gene, cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1), contributes to the carcinogenic process in CRC. METHODS The study group comprised 107 patients with CRC who underwent surgical resection and 90 adenomas treated with endoscopic resection in the Kitasato University Hospital in 2000. We analyzed the extent of methylation in each tissue using quantitative TaqMan methylation-specific PCR for CDO1. RESULTS The methylation level increased along with the ACS process (p < 0.0001), and statistically significant differences were found between normal-appearing mucosa (NAM) and low-grade adenoma (p < 0.0001), and between low-grade adenoma and high-grade adenoma (p = 0.01), but not between high-grade adenoma and cancer with no liver metastasis. Furthermore, primary CRC cancers with liver metastasis harbored significantly higher methylation of CDO1 than those without liver metastasis (p = 0.02). As a result, the area under the curve by CDO1 promoter methylation was 0.96, 0.80, and 0.67 to discriminate cancer from NAM, low-grade adenoma from NAM, and low-grade adenoma from high-grade adenoma, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CDO1 methylation accumulates during the ACS process, and consistently contributes to CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohbu
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ooizumi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Igarashi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Yokoi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yokota
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Department of Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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7
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to measure levels of cathepsin B (CatB) and cystatin C (CysC) and determine the CatB/CysC ratio in serum samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), benign diseases of the digestive system, and other malignancies. METHODS The serum specimens of 95 patients with CRC, 23 with benign diseases of the digestive system, 60 normal controls and 87 with other cancers were collected to measure the level of CysC and CatB. The CatB/CysC ratio was then calculated. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the normal group and the CRC group (p < 0.01) in CysC serum levels. There were also differences in CatB levels and in the ratio of CatB/CysC between CRC patients and healthy controls or those with benign diseases of the digestive system (p < 0.01) and between those with carcinoma (highly-differentiated and poorly-differentiated) and those with adenoma (p < 0.01). The CysC, CatB, and CatB/ CysC levels were in the same range in other malignancies and CRC. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CysC could exclude normal samples, while the level of CatB and the CatB/ CysC ratio could distinguish CRC from benign diseases of the digestive system and thus has important value in early diagnosis of CRC.
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Abstract
The adrenal cortex accumulates lipofuscin granules with age. Lipofuscin accumulation is also seen in adrenocortical tumors associated with Cushing syndrome (CS), particularly those with PRKAR1A mutations, such as in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). We investigated the presence of lipofuscin in cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs) responsible for CS with and without the PRKACA (pLeu206Arg) somatic mutation. Ten paraffin-embedded sections of CPAs from cases with overt CS with (n=4) and without (n=6) a PRKACA mutation were microscopically examined through three detection methods, the hematoxylin-Eosin (H & E) staining, the Fontana Masson (FM) staining using light microscopy, and lipofuscin autofluorescence, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Sections were examined quantitatively according to the intensity of the pigmentation, as well as qualitatively based on the total number of granular pigments at all visual fields per tissue slide. Tissues from CPAs were compared to peritumoral adjacent tissues (n=5), to Conn adenomas (n=4), and PPNAD (n=3). CPAs had significantly higher number of lipofuscin-pigment granules compared to peritumoral adrenal tissue and Conn adenomas (46.9±9.5 vs. 3.8±4.8, p=0.0001). The presence of the PRKACA mutation did not increase the chances of pigmentation in the form of lipofuscin granules within CPAs associated with CS. Thus, all CPAs leading to CS accumulate lipofuscin, which presents like pigmentation sometimes seen macroscopically but always detected microscopically. PPNAD caused by PRKAR1A mutations is the best known adrenal lesion leading to CS associated with intense lipofuscin pigmentation and this was confirmed here; CPAs harboring PRKACA mutations did not have statistically significantly more pigmentation than CPAs without mutation, but a larger study might have shown a difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Angelousi
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Eva Szarek
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Vincent Shram
- Microscopy and Imaging Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Surgery, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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9
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Righi A, Faustini-Fustini M, Morandi L, Monti V, Asioli S, Mazzatenta D, Bacci A, Foschini MP. The changing faces of corticotroph cell adenomas: the role of prohormone convertase 1/3. Endocrine 2017; 56:286-297. [PMID: 27491554 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of corticotroph cell adenomas is very wide. Though rarely, silent corticotroph cell adenomas (SCA) may transform into corticotroph cell adenomas associated with Cushing's disease (CD). The aim of the study was to investigate the role of prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) in the transformation of SCA into CD. We reviewed the records of 1259 consecutive endoscopic endonasal procedures for pituitary adenomas from 1998 to 2013. Of these, 132 were CD and 44 were SCA. During the follow-up, three patients with SCA showed a clear transformation from SCA into CD and underwent surgery once again to remove the recurrent tumour. The PC1/3 expression was analysed by both immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in primary and recurrent tumours. The immunohistochemical PC1/3 expression was negative or weak in the three patients in the initial phase of SCA, while a strong expression was observed in the majority of neoplastic cells in tissue specimens obtained from the same three patients at the time of recurrence as CD. The immunohistochemical PC1/3 expression showed a strict correlation with the PC1/3 levels obtained by qRT-PCR. In 14 cases of SCA with no change of phenotype during the follow-up, the immunohistochemical PC1/3 expression was low and strictly associated with the level of PC1/3 obtained by qRT-PCR both in primary (14/14 cases) and in recurrent tumours (4/4 cases). Our study provides insight into the crucial role of the PC1/3 protein in the transformation of phenotype from SCA to CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Righi
- Department of Pathology, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Faustini-Fustini
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna (ISNB), Bellaria Hospital, Via Altura, 3, Bologna, 40139, Italy.
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology 'M.Malpighi' at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Monti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology 'M.Malpighi' at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology 'M.Malpighi' at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Mazzatenta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumors and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna (ISNB), Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Bacci
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna (ISNB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology 'M.Malpighi' at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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López-Valdivia CM, González-Matea M, Mayordomo E, Hervás D, Ramos D. [The value of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase expression in the progression of colonic carcinoma]. Rev Esp Patol 2017; 50:15-21. [PMID: 29179959 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) expression has been demonstrated in several normal tissues and in diverse types of carcinoma. Our aim was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of AMACR in the sequence-progression of colonic cancer. We studied 237 cases, including samples of normal mucosa of the colon, adenomas with different degrees of dysplasia, colonic carcinomas, lymph nodes and liver metastases of colonic carcinomas. A scale of intensity and percentage of expression was used to analyze the AMACR immunohistochemical profile. The expression was nearly absent in samples of normal mucosa, increased in both adenomas and carcinomas, decreased in lymph node metastases but was significantly increased in liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel González-Matea
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Empar Mayordomo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - David Hervás
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - David Ramos
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated Cdc42 kinase1 (ACK1) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase which is critical for cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Genomic amplification of ACK1 has been reported in multiple human cancers. We aimed to investigate ACK1 protein expression in colorectal mucosa with inflammation and neoplasm, and to evaluate its correlation with disease activity and severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 250 individuals who underwent total colonoscopy were collected randomly from January 2007 to May 2013 in Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China. Colorectal mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained by endoscopy from 78 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 22 with Crohn's disease (CD), 20 with infectious colitis, 26 with non-IBD and noninfectious colitis, 16 with sporadic adenomas, 4 with dysplasia-associated lesions or masses, 10 with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), 4 with UC-related CRC, 10 with hyperplastic polyps, and 60 without colonic abnormalities. ACK1 protein levels were determined immunohistochemically. The correlations of ACK1 expression with disease activity and severity were also evaluated. RESULTS Significantly increased ACK1 expression was observed in epithelial cells of colorectal mucosa with inflammation and dysplasia compared to controls (P<0.05). ACK1 expression correlated with clinical activity in IBD (χ²=4.57, P=0.033 for UC; χ²=5.68, P=0.017 for CD), as well as grade of dysplasia in preneoplastic lesions (P<0.05). No significant differences in ACK1 expression were found between UC and CD, or between IBD and non-IBD conditions (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS ACK1 protein is increased extensively in colitis and colorectal dysplasia. ACK1 overexpression may play a role in colorectal inflammation and neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolan Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Sanxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Corresponding Author: Fachao Zhi, e-mail:
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Guda BB, Pushkarev VV, Zhuravel OV, Kovalenko AY, Pushkarev VM, Taraschenko YM, Tronko MD. Protein kinase Akt activity in human thyroid tumors. Ukr Biochem J 2016; 88:90-5. [PMID: 29235817 DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression and activation of the main effector protein kinase of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase cascade (PI3K) – Akt in conventionally normal tissues, benign and highly differentiated (with and without metastases) human thyroid tumors. There was a difference in the Akt1 amount in tumor tissue compared with normal tissue in papillary carcinomas and tissue of multinodular goiter. Akt expression both in tumor and conventionally normal tissues of follicular adenoma was significantly lower than in follicular carcinoma. The lowest level of Akt expression was observed in tissues of multinodular goiter. Total activity of all three isoforms of Akt1/2/3 was lower in tumors compared to conventionally normal tissue. Thus, Akt activity (according to Thr308 phosphorylation) is not associated with proliferative processes in the tumor tissue of the thyroid. Apoptosis level detected in these tissues was not associated with the protein kinase activity either. Possible mechanisms of signaling cascade PI3K/Akt inhibition in thyroid tumors are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/enzymology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/surgery
- Adenoma/enzymology
- Adenoma/genetics
- Adenoma/pathology
- Adenoma/surgery
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Goiter, Nodular/enzymology
- Goiter, Nodular/genetics
- Goiter, Nodular/pathology
- Goiter, Nodular/surgery
- Humans
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/genetics
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Gland/enzymology
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Gland/surgery
- Thyroid Neoplasms/enzymology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
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13
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Abe T, Naruse M, Young WF, Kobashi N, Doi Y, Izawa A, Akama K, Okumura Y, Ikenaga M, Kimura H, Saji H, Mukai K, Matsumoto H. A Novel CYP11B2-Specific Imaging Agent for Detection of Unilateral Subtypes of Primary Aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1008-15. [PMID: 26756116 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although adrenal vein sampling is the standard method to distinguish unilateral from bilateral forms of primary aldosteronism, it is an invasive and technically difficult procedure. (11)C-metomidate (MTO)-positron emission tomography was reported as a potential replacement for adrenal vein sampling. However, MTO has low selectivity for CYP11B2 over CYP11B1. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the selectivity of (18)F-CDP2230, a new imaging agent, for CYP11B2 over CYP11B1 and determine whether the biodistribution profile of (18)F-CDP2230 is favorable for imaging CYP11B2. METHODS The IC50 of CDP2230 for the enzymatic activities of CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 was determined using cells with stable expression of either enzyme. In vitro autoradiography of human adrenal sections with aldosterone-producing adenomas was performed to confirm the specific binding ability of (18)F-CDP2230 to CYP11B2-expressing regions. Furthermore, positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed to evaluate the biodistribution of (18)F-CDP2230 in rats. RESULTS Although CDP2230 showed a significantly lower affinity for CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 than did MTO analogues, its selectivity for CYP11B2 over CYP11B1 was higher than that of MTO analogues. In vitro autoradiography revealed that the binding of (18)F-CDP2230 to CYP11B2-expressing regions in the adrenal gland was more specific than that of (123)I-IMTO. Moreover, the biodistribution study showed that (18)F-CDP2230 accumulated in adrenal glands with low background uptake. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a high selectivity of (18)F-CDP2230 for CYP11B2 over CYP11B1 with a favorable biodistribution for imaging CYP11B2. (18)F-CDP2230 is a promising imaging agent for detecting unilateral subtypes of primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Abe
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Naruse
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - William F Young
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Nobuya Kobashi
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Doi
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Akihiro Izawa
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Kei Akama
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yuki Okumura
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Miho Ikenaga
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hideo Saji
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Kuniaki Mukai
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsumoto
- Research Center (T.A., N.K., Y.D., A.I., K.A., Y.O., M.I., H.M.), Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Chiba, 299-0266 Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension (M.N.), National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (W.F.Y.), Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902; Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis (H.K., H.S.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan; and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.) and Medical Education Center (K.M.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
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14
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Shibata Y, Hara T, Nagano J, Nakamura N, Ohno T, Ninomiya S, Ito H, Tanaka T, Saito K, Seishima M, Shimizu M, Moriwaki H, Tsurumi H. The Role of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146279. [PMID: 26727596 PMCID: PMC4699706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-catabolizing intracellular enzyme of the L-kynurenine pathway, causes preneoplastic cells and tumor cells to escape the immune system by inducing immune tolerance; this mechanism might be associated with the development and progression of human malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the role of IDO in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by using IDO-knockout (KO) mice. To induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic adenoma, and preneoplastic hepatocellular lesions termed foci of cellular alteration (FCA), male IDO-wild-type (WT) and IDO-KO mice with a C57BL/6J background received a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN at 2 weeks of age. The mice were sacrificed to evaluate the development of FCA and hepatocellular neoplasms. HCC overexpressed IDO and L-kynurenine compared to surrounding normal tissue in the DEN-treated IDO-WT mice. The number and cell proliferative activity of FCAs, and the incidence and multiplicity of HCC were significantly greater in the IDO-WT than in the IDO-KO mice. The expression levels of the IDO protein, of L-kynurenine, and of IFN-γ, COX-2, TNF-α, and Foxp3 mRNA were also significantly increased in the DEN-induced hepatic tumors that developed in the IDO-WT mice. The mRNA expression levels of CD8, perforin and granzyme B were markedly increased in hepatic tumors developed in IDO-KO mice. Moreover, Foxp3-positive inflammatory cells had infiltrated into the livers of DEN-treated IDO-WT mice, whereas fewer cells had infiltrated into the livers of IDO-KO mice. Induction of IDO and elevation of L-kynurenine might play a critical role in both the early and late phase of liver carcinogenesis. Our findings suggest that inhibition of IDO might offer a promising strategy for the prevention of liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma/chemically induced
- Adenoma/enzymology
- Adenoma/immunology
- Animals
- CD8 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD8 Antigens/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Disease Progression
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Granzymes/biosynthesis
- Granzymes/genetics
- Immune Tolerance
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/deficiency
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/physiology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Kynurenine/biosynthesis
- Kynurenine/physiology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/biosynthesis
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced
- Precancerous Conditions/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Shibata
- First Departments of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- First Departments of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junji Nagano
- First Departments of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nakamura
- First Departments of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohno
- First Departments of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Soranobu Ninomiya
- First Departments of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Departments of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Departments of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Seishima
- Departments of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- First Departments of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- First Departments of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsurumi
- First Departments of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
Primary aldosteronism encompasses 2 major underlying causes: (1) aldosterone producing adenoma and (2) bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. In addition to the aldosterone excess, increased production of other compounds of the steroidogenic pathways may be involved. Until recently, most studies examined the production of steroids other than aldosterone in tumor tissue, urine, or peripheral plasma samples, but several new studies have also addressed steroid levels in adrenal venous blood samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma and tissue levels of several precursors of aldosterone with mineralocorticoid activity are higher in patients with aldosterone producing adenomas than in those with bilateral hyperplasia. These include corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and their 18-hydroxylated metabolites. Similarly, urinary, peripheral, and adrenal venous concentrations of the hybrid steroids 18-oxocortisol and 18-hydroxycortisol are higher in patients with aldosterone producing adenomas than in bilateral hyperplasia. Differences in the pathophysiology and in clinical and biochemical phenotypes caused by aldosterone producing adenomas and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia may be related to the differential expression of steroidogenic enzymes, and associated to specific underlying somatic mutations. Correct appreciation of differences in steroid profiling between aldosterone producing adenomas and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia may not only contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism but may also be helpful for future subtyping of primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moors
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T A Williams
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - J Deinum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J W M Lenders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Wu S, Li T, Mu Q, Li Y, Gao X, He S, Sun C. Expression of PI3Kp110α and PI3Kp110β in the colorectal conventional adenoma, serrated lesions and adenoma with canceration and their significance. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:16026-16035. [PMID: 26884879 PMCID: PMC4730092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of PI3Kp110α and PI3Kp110β in colorectal conventional adenoma, serrated lesions and adenoma with canceration. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were conducted to detect the expression of p110α and p110β in normal colorectal tissues, conventional adenoma, serrated lesions and adenoma canceration. Results revealed that the expression of P110α and P110β in the adenoma canceration was significantly higher than that in normal tissues, tubular adenoma (low grade) and tubular-villous adenoma (low grade) of conventional adenoma, hyperplastic polyps of serrated lesions (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the adenoma canceration and the high grade adenoma of conventional adenoma, all grade of villous adenoma and serrated adenoma (P>0.05). The expression of p110α and p110β was correlated with different clinicopathologic factors in conventional adenoma, serrated adenoma and adenoma canceration (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS p110α and p110β were highly expressed in villous adenoma, serrated adenoma and adenoma with canceration. Its high expression may be the risk factor of the progress of adenoma to adenocarcinoma, and may be an important cause of what canceration rate of villous adenoma and serrated adenoma was higher than that of other adenomas. Combined detection of p110α and p110β is helpful to determine the canceration potential of colorectal villous adenoma and serrated adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tangyue Li
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical UniversityBinzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qinghai Mu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chenbo Sun
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical UniversityBinzhou, Shandong Province, China
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17
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Konosu-Fukaya S, Nakamura Y, Satoh F, Felizola SJA, Maekawa T, Ono Y, Morimoto R, Ise K, Takeda KI, Katsu K, Fujishima F, Kasajima A, Watanabe M, Arai Y, Gomez-Sanchez EP, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Doi M, Okamura H, Sasano H. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms in human aldosterone-producing adenoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:205-12. [PMID: 25458695 PMCID: PMC4821076 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has become important to evaluate the possible involvement of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD3B1) and 2 (HSD3B2) isoforms in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). In this study, we studied 67 and 100 APA cases using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results of qPCR analysis demonstrated that HSD3B2 mRNA was significantly more abundant than HSD3B1 mRNA (P < 0.0001), but only HSD3B1 mRNA significantly correlated with CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) mRNA (P <0.0001) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) of the patients (P <0.0001). Results of immunohistochemistry subsequently revealed that HSD3B2 immunoreactivity was detected in the great majority of APA but a significant correlation was also detected between HSD3B1 and CYP11B2 (P <0.0001). In KCNJ5 mutated APA, CYP11B2 mRNA (P <0.0001) and HSD3B1 mRNA (P = 0.011) were significantly higher than those of wild type APA. These results suggest that HSD3B1 is involved in aldosterone production, despite its lower levels of expression compared with HSD3B2, and also possibly associated with KCNJ5 mutation in APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Konosu-Fukaya
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Satoh
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saulo J A Felizola
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Maekawa
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Ono
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Morimoto
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazue Ise
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Koshin Katsu
- Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kasajima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Elise P Gomez-Sanchez
- Endocrine Section, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, MS, USA; Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Endocrine Section, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, MS, USA; Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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18
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Gomez-Sanchez CE, Kuppusamy M, Gomez-Sanchez EP. Somatic mutations of the ATP1A1 gene and aldosterone-producing adenomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:213-9. [PMID: 25496839 PMCID: PMC4417446 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism is the most common form of secondary hypertension. It affects approximately 10% of patients with hypertension and causes greater cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to essential hypertension of similar severity and duration. The cause of primary aldosteronism in about half of these patients is an aldosterone-producing adenoma; over half of these adenomas have mutations in one of several ion channels and pumps, including the potassium channel KCNJ5, calcium channel Cav1.3, α1 subunit of the sodium potassium ATPase, and membrane calcium ATPase 3. This review concentrates on the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which mutations of the ATP1A1 gene increase aldosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Maniselvan Kuppusamy
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Elise P Gomez-Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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19
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Kurek K, Łukaszuk B, Świdnicka-Siergiejko A, Rogalski P, Wróblewski E, Chabowski A, Dąbrowski A, Żendzian-Piotrowska M. Sphingolipid metabolism in colorectal adenomas varies depending on histological architecture of polyps and grade of nuclear dysplasia. Lipids 2015; 50:349-58. [PMID: 25595595 PMCID: PMC4365288 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is growing worldwide. Pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for its onset and progression need further clarification. Colorectal adenomatous polyps are precancerous lesions with malignant potential dependent on histological architecture and grade of nuclear dysplasia. One of the factors conditioning CRC development are abnormalities in sphingolipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of sphingolipids in human colorectal adenomas. The control group (C, n = 12) consisted of patients with no colonic polyps. The examined group consisted of patients with prior diagnosed colonic polyps, qualified to endoscopic polypectomy. This group was further divided due to histological architecture into tubular adenomas group (TA, n = 10), tubulovillous adenomas with low-grade dysplasia (LGD-TVA, n = 10), and tubulovillous adenomas group with high-grade dysplasia (HGD-TVA, n = 11). In tissue samples, sphingolipd metabolite contents were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In cases of polypoid lesions with low malignancy potential (tubular adenomas), concentration of ceramide, which is characterized by proapoptotic and anti-proliferative properties, increases compared with control group (p < 0.05), whereas content of sphingosine-1-phosphate with anti-apoptotic and stimulating cellular proliferation properties is reduced in comparison with control group (p < 0.05). On the contrary, in cases of more advanced form of adenomatous polyps (tubulovillous adenomas with high-grade dysplasia), the ceramide level decreases compared with control group (p < 0.05) while sphingosine-1-phosphate concentration is elevated (p < 0.05). We found that concentrations of pro-apoptotic ceramide are decreased and pro-proliferative S1P levels are increased in polypoid lesions with high malignancy potential, and it was the opposite in those with low malignancy potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kurek
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland,
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cushing's disease (CD) is caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenomas (ACTHomas). Drug treatment for CD consists of three strategies: pituitary tumor-targeted therapy, steroidogenesis inhibitors, and glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. All of these strategies are under development, and several new drugs have recently been approved for clinical use or are being tested in clinical trials. Pituitary-targeted drugs are a particularly important method in the treatment of CD. Available pituitary tumor-targeted drugs include a dopamine receptor agonist and a somatostatin analog. Since disrupted cell cycle signaling is clearly associated with pathogenesis of ACTHomas which express active forms of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclins, and the catalytic subunit of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), we focused on these molecules as therapeutic targets for ACTHomas. METHODS In this review, a literature search were performed using PubMed with following terms; Cushing's disease, EGFR, CDKs, cell cycle, and targeted therapy. CONCLUSION Accumulating evidence demonstrates that EGFR and cyclin E-CDK2 may be promising targets for treating ACTHomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Fukuoka
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan,
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21
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Zhang QQ, Zhou DL, Lei Y, Zheng L, Chen SX, Gou HJ, Gu QL, He XD, Lan T, Qi CL, Li JC, Ding YQ, Qiao L, Wang LJ. Slit2/Robo1 signaling promotes intestinal tumorigenesis through Src-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 6:3123-35. [PMID: 25605242 PMCID: PMC4413642 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Slit2 is often overexpressed in cancers. Slit2 is a secreted protein that binds to Roundabout (Robo) receptors to regulate cell growth and migration. Here, we employed several complementary mouse models of intestinal cancers, including the Slit2 transgenic mice, the ApcMin/+ spontaneous intestinal adenoma mouse model, and the DMH/DSS-induced colorectal carcinoma model to clarify function of Slit2/Robo1 signaling in intestinal tumorigenesis. We showed that Slit2 and Robo1 are overexpressed in intestinal tumors and may contribute to tumor generation. The Slit2/Robo1 signaling can induce precancerous lesions of the intestine and tumor progression. Ectopic expression of Slit2 activated Slit2/Robo1 signaling and promoted tumorigenesis and tumor growth. This was mediated in part through activation of the Src signaling, which then down-regulated E-cadherin, thereby activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, Slit2/Robo1 signaling is oncogenic in intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Zhang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-lei Zhou
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Xia Chen
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ju Gou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qu-Liang Gu
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong He
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Ling Qi
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Chao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Center, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, The Western Clinical School of the Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney at the Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Klaus C, Schneider U, Hedberg C, Schütz AK, Bernhagen J, Waldmann H, Gassler N, Kaemmerer E. Modulating effects of acyl-CoA synthetase 5-derived mitochondrial Wnt2B palmitoylation on intestinal Wnt activity. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14855-14864. [PMID: 25356045 PMCID: PMC4209548 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of acyl-CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) activity in Wnt signaling in intestinal surface epithelia.
METHODS: Several cell lines were used to investigate the ACSL5-dependent expression and synthesis of Wnt2B, a mitochondrially expressed protein of the Wnt signaling family. Wnt activity was functionally assessed with a luciferase reporter assay. ACSL5-related biochemical Wnt2B modifications were investigated with a modified acyl-exchange assay. The findings from the cell culture models were verified using an Apcmin/+ mouse model as well as normal and neoplastic diseased human intestinal tissues.
RESULTS: In the presence of ACSL5, Wnt2B was unable to translocate into the nucleus and was enriched in mitochondria, which was paralleled by a significant decrease in Wnt activity. ACSL5-dependent S-palmitoylation of Wnt2B was identified as a molecular reason for mitochondrial Wnt2B accumulation. In cell culture systems, a strong relation of ACSL5 expression, Wnt2B palmitoylation, and degree of malignancy were found. Using normal mucosa, the association of ACSL5 and Wnt2B was seen, but in intestinal neoplasias the mechanism was only rudimentarily observed.
CONCLUSION: ACSL5 mediates antiproliferative activities via Wnt2B palmitoylation with diminished Wnt activity. The molecular pathway is probably relevant for intestinal homeostasis, overwhelmed by other pathways in carcinogenesis.
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23
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Rammeh S, Sabbegh Znaidi N, Arfaoui A, Ayouni K, Blel A, Farah F, Zidi Y, Najjar T, Kourda N, Said Y, Zermani R. [Immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch repair proteins in colorectal adenomas]. Tunis Med 2014; 92:622-625. [PMID: 25860677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deficiency of mismatch repair system is one of the main pathways in colorectal cancer. This system consists mainly of four proteins: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Colorectal cancer develops in the majority of cases from precancerous lesions called adenomas. Only few studies have reported on the deficiencies of these proteins in adenomas. AIM In this study we used immunohistochemistry staining in colorectal adenomas to assay functional status of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 proteins. METHODS 102 adenomas from 93 patients were collected in our institution during six years (2007-2012). The immunohistochemical technique was performed with 4 antibodies: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. The loss of expression was retained if adenomatous cells were not stained with positive internal control. Staining was considered as abnormal if nucleus of adenomatous cells showed low nuclear staining and / or heterogeneous one, while positive internal control had normal staining. RESULTS Loss of expression of MSH2 and MSH6 in adenomatous cells was found in only 1 case which was a tubular adenoma 3mm high-grade dysplasia. Abnormal staining of the adenomatous cells was noted in 23 cases (22.5%) for MSH2 and in 8 cases (7.8%) for MSH6. No cases showed loss of expression of MLH1 and PMS2. Abnormal expression of MSH2 and MSH6 was not correlated with sex of patients, the location of the adenoma, its grade of dysplasia and its histological type. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Mismatch repair proteins expression is a rare event in adenomas. However, the abnormal expression levels are higher in our study compared to those reported in the literature. This could reflect a higher rate of microsatellite instability in our patients. Multicenter and larger studies with molecular biology techniques are needed.
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24
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Wang N, Liu T, Sofiadis A, Juhlin CC, Zedenius J, Höög A, Larsson C, Xu D. TERT promoter mutation as an early genetic event activating telomerase in follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and atypical FTA. Cancer 2014; 120:2965-79. [PMID: 24898513 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations C228T and C250T have been found in many malignancies, including in thyroid carcinomas. However, it is unclear how early these mutations occur in thyroid tumorigenesis. METHODS The study included primary tumors from 58 patients initially diagnosed with follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), a benign entity, 18 with atypical FTA (AFTA) having an uncertain malignant potential, and 52 with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Sanger sequencing was used to investigate the mutational status of the TERT promoter. Telomere length and TERT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Telomerase activity was assessed using a Telomerase PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS The C228T mutation was identified in 1 of 58 FTA (2%) and 3 of 18 AFTA (17%) samples. These 4 tumors all expressed TERT mRNA and telomerase activity, whereas the majority of C228T-negative adenomas lacked TERT expression (C228T versus wild-type, P = .008). The C228T mutation was associated with NRAS gene mutations (P = .016). The patient with C228T-mutated FTA later developed a scar recurrence and died of FTC, whereas none of the remaining 57 patients with FTA had recurrence. No recurrence occurred in 3 patients with AFTA who carried C228T during the follow-up period (36-285 months). Nine of the 52 FTCs (17%) exhibited the TERT mutation (8 of 9 C228T and 1 of 9 C250T), and the presence of the mutation was associated with shorter patient survival. CONCLUSIONS TERT promoter mutations may occur as an early genetic event in thyroid follicular tumors that have not developed malignant features on routine histopathological workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology and Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Onishi K, Kamida T, Momii Y, Abe T, Fujiki M. The clinical and pathological significance of nitric oxide synthase in human pituitary adenomas: a comparison with MIB-1. Endocrine 2014; 46:154-9. [PMID: 24008756 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to define the clinical and pathological significance of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in human pituitary adenomas, and to compare these values with those of the MIB-1 labeling index (LI) using an immunohistochemical method. Tissue specimens from 82 cases of surgically-treated pituitary adenomas were immunostained for hormone production for the MIB-1 LI and for the three NOS isoenzymes and five normal pituitary glands were immunostained for the three NOS isoenzymes as a control. The correlation between the clinical variables (age, functional status, tumor size, Hardy's grading, cavernous and/or sphenoid invasiveness, and progression) and mean MIB-1 LI, or between the same clinical variables and NOS immunoreactivity (IR) were analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference in the MIB-1 LI between macroadenomas and microadenomas, and between invasive adenomas and noninvasive adenomas. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference in the inducible NOS (iNOS) IR between invasive adenomas and noninvasive adenomas. Furthermore, the iNOS IR had a significant correlation with the MIB-1 LI. Invasive adenomas have a higher iNOS IR, and this correlated with the MIB-1 LI. These findings may be due to the function of iNOS, which plays an important role in tissue injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Onishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
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26
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for colorectal cancer improves outcomes and is cost effective. Stool-based tests have the highest participation rates in screening programmes. Their efficacy is limited by the relatively low sensitivity and specificity compared with colonoscopy. Stool levels of M2-PK, a dimeric form of the enzyme pyruvate kinase, correlate with colorectal cancer and neoplasia. A combination of stool markers may enhance screening performance; however, it remains to be determined whether an additional test would affect participation rates negatively. AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the performance of faecal M2-PK and faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and their combined effect in a screening programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS Within round 2 of our biennial FIT-based pilot, all invitations additionally included an M2-PK kit. A FIT greater than 100 ngHb/ml and/or an M2-PK greater than 4 U/ml were considered positive. FIT-positive or M2-PK-positive patients were offered a colonoscopy. RESULTS In all, 1800 combined M2-PK and FIT invites were sent out, and 879 (49%) samples were analysed. Overall positivity was 27% (n=245). Only 23 (2.6%) patients were positive for both tests. In all, 186 (88%) screening colonoscopies were performed. The adenoma detection rate for M2-PK-positive patients (n=157) was significant at 25% (n=40), and 3% (n=5) had advanced lesions. In FIT-positive patients (n=51), the adenoma detection rate was 29% (n=15), with significantly more, 21% (n=11), having advanced lesions (P<0.001, confidence interval 0.117-0.156). Had FIT only been tested, 70% (n=35) fewer patients would have had polyps removed. CONCLUSION The addition of M2-PK in a biennial bowel screening programme is acceptable to patients, feasible and detects additional adenomas, potentially at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Leen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre, Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Chang HW, Huang CY, Yang SY, Wu VC, Chu TS, Chen YM, Hsieh BS, Wu KD. Role of D2 dopamine receptor in adrenal cortical cell proliferation and aldosterone-producing adenoma tumorigenesis. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:87-96. [PMID: 24293642 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia are the two characteristic types of primary aldosteronism. Dysregulation of adrenal cortical cell proliferation contributes to both diseases. We previously demonstrated that APA expressed less dopamine D2 receptor than the respective non-tumor tissue and might contribute to the overproduction of aldosterone. As activation of D2 receptor inhibits the proliferation of various cells, downregulation of D2 receptor in APA may play a role in the tumorigenesis of APA. In this study, we demonstrate that D2 receptor plays a role in angiotensin II (AII)-stimulated adrenal cortical cell proliferation. The D2 receptor agonist, bromocriptine, inhibited AII-stimulated cell proliferation in primary cultures of the normal human adrenal cortex and APA through attenuating AII-induced phosphorylation of PK-stimulated cyclin D1 protein expression and cell proliferation. D2 receptor also inhibited AII-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to inhibiting aldosterone synthesis/production, D2 receptor exerts an anti-proliferative effect in adrenal cortical and APA cells by attenuating PKCμ and ERK phosphorylation. The lower level of expression of D2 receptor in APA may augment cell proliferation and plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of APA. Our novel finding suggests a new therapeutic target for primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Chang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Room 1419, National Taiwan University Hospital, Clinical Research Building, 7 Chung-Sun South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Beuschlein F, Fassnacht M, Assié G, Calebiro D, Stratakis CA, Osswald A, Ronchi CL, Wieland T, Sbiera S, Faucz FR, Schaak K, Schmittfull A, Schwarzmayr T, Barreau O, Vezzosi D, Rizk-Rabin M, Zabel U, Szarek E, Salpea P, Forlino A, Vetro A, Zuffardi O, Kisker C, Diener S, Meitinger T, Lohse MJ, Reincke M, Bertherat J, Strom TM, Allolio B. Constitutive activation of PKA catalytic subunit in adrenal Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1019-28. [PMID: 24571724 PMCID: PMC4727447 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1310359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome is caused by tumors or hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex. The molecular pathogenesis of cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas is not well understood. METHODS We performed exome sequencing of tumor-tissue specimens from 10 patients with cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas and evaluated recurrent mutations in candidate genes in an additional 171 patients with adrenocortical tumors. We also performed genomewide copy-number analysis in 35 patients with cortisol-secreting bilateral adrenal hyperplasias. We studied the effects of these genetic defects both clinically and in vitro. RESULTS Exome sequencing revealed somatic mutations in PRKACA, which encodes the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A [PKA]), in 8 of 10 adenomas (c.617A→C in 7 and c.595_596insCAC in 1). Overall, PRKACA somatic mutations were identified in 22 of 59 unilateral adenomas (37%) from patients with overt Cushing's syndrome; these mutations were not detectable in 40 patients with subclinical hypercortisolism or in 82 patients with other adrenal tumors. Among 35 patients with cortisol-producing hyperplasias, 5 (including 2 first-degree relatives) carried a germline copy-number gain (duplication) of the genomic region on chromosome 19 that includes PRKACA. In vitro studies showed impaired inhibition of both PKA catalytic subunit mutants by the PKA regulatory subunit, whereas cells from patients with germline chromosomal gains showed increased protein levels of the PKA catalytic subunit; in both instances, basal PKA activity was increased. CONCLUSIONS Genetic alterations of the catalytic subunit of PKA were found to be associated with human disease. Germline duplications of this gene resulted in bilateral adrenal hyperplasias, whereas somatic PRKACA mutations resulted in unilateral cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas. (Funded by the European Commission Seventh Framework Program and others.).
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Hoensch HP, Roelofs HMJ, Edler L, Kirch W, Peters WHM. Disparities of conjugating protective enzyme activities in the colon of patients with adenomas and carcinomas. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6020-6025. [PMID: 24106402 PMCID: PMC3785623 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i36.6020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the metabolic enzymatic capacity of the colon mucosa to detoxify noxious carcinogenic compounds.
METHODS: We investigated the activity of 2 conjugating enzymes-the microsomal uridine glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and the cytosomal glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the uninvolved mucosa of the colon transversum and sigmoideum in patients with adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer. Biopsies were taken from the mucosa during colonoscopies which were done for clinical (diagnostic) reasons. After storage, the biopsy material was homogenized and after differential centrifugation the enzyme assays were performed with 4-nitrophenol (UGT) and 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (GST) as substrates.
RESULTS: About 48 patients were included of which 28 had adenomas and 20 had colorectal carcinomas confirmed by histopathology. Enzyme activities were expressed as nmol/mg per minute protein for the GST and as pmol/mg per minute protein for the UGT. Analysis of variance (F-test) indicated that both enzymes were more widely distributed in adenoma than in cancer patients. The means ± SD were smaller for cancer patients: GST for adenomas 268 ± 152 vs 241 ± 69 for carcinomas and UGT for adenomas 197 ± 200 vs 150 ± 86 for carcinomas.
CONCLUSION: Compared to patients with adenomatous colon polyps those with colorectal carcinoma exhibited a lower capacity of detoxifying enzyme metabolism and their activities clustered over a smaller range.
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Müller MF, Florian S, Pommer S, Osterhoff M, Esworthy RS, Chu FF, Brigelius-Flohé R, Kipp AP. Deletion of glutathione peroxidase-2 inhibits azoxymethane-induced colon cancer development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72055. [PMID: 23977205 PMCID: PMC3747154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase-2 (GPx2) appears to have a dual role in carcinogenesis. While it protected mice from colon cancer in a model of inflammation-triggered carcinogenesis (azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate treatment), it promoted growth of xenografted tumor cells. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of GPx2 in a mouse model mimicking sporadic colorectal cancer (azoxymethane-treatment only). GPx2-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were adjusted to an either marginally deficient (−Se), adequate (+Se), or supranutritional (++Se) selenium status and were treated six times with azoxymethane (AOM) to induce tumor development. In the −Se and ++Se groups, the number of tumors was significantly lower in GPx2-KO than in respective WT mice. On the +Se diet, the number of dysplastic crypts was reduced in GPx2-KO mice. This may be explained by more basal and AOM-induced apoptotic cell death in GPx2-KO mice that eliminates damaged or pre-malignant epithelial cells. In WT dysplastic crypts GPx2 was up-regulated in comparison to normal crypts which might be an attempt to suppress apoptosis. In contrast, in the +Se groups tumor numbers were similar in both genotypes but tumor size was larger in GPx2-KO mice. The latter was associated with an inflammatory and tumor-promoting environment as obvious from infiltrated inflammatory cells in the intestinal mucosa of GPx2-KO mice even without any treatment and characterized as low-grade inflammation. In WT mice the number of tumors tended to be lowest in +Se compared to −Se and ++Se feeding indicating that selenium might delay tumorigenesis only in the adequate status. In conclusion, the role of GPx2 and presumably also of selenium depends on the cancer stage and obviously on the involvement of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike F. Müller
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Simone Florian
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pommer
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Martin Osterhoff
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - R. Steven Esworthy
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- * E-mail:
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González-Sánchez E, Martín-Caballero J, Flores JM, Hernández-Losa J, Cortés J, Mares R, Barbacid M, Recio JA. Lkb1 loss promotes tumor progression of BRAF(V600E)-induced lung adenomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66933. [PMID: 23825589 PMCID: PMC3692542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of MAP kinase signaling pathway and loss of tumor suppressor LKB1 have been implicated in lung cancer development and progression. Although oncogenic KRAS mutations are frequent, BRAF mutations (BRAFV600E) are found in 3% of human non-small cell lung cancers. Contrary to KRAS mutant tumors, BRAFV600E-induced tumors are benign adenomas that fail to progess. Interestingly, loss of tumor supressor LKB1 coexists with KRAS oncogenic mutations and synergizes in tumor formation and progression, however, its cooperation with BRAFV600E oncogene is unknown. Our results describe a lung cell population in neonates mice where expression of BRAFV600E leads to lung adenoma development. Importantly, expression of BRAFV600E concomitant with the loss of only a single-copy of Lkb1, overcomes senencence–like features of BRAFV600E-mutant adenomas leading malignization to carcinomas. These results posit LKB1 haploinsufficiency as a risk factor for tumor progression of BRAFV600E mutated lung adenomas in human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena González-Sánchez
- Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory, Anatomy Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut of Research-Autonomous University of Barcelona (VHIR-UAB) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Caballero
- Animal Laboratory Unit, Biomedical Research Park of Barcelona-Prbb, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana María Flores
- Surgery and Medicine Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ma Ángeles Montero
- Histopathology Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Cortés
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut of Oncology (VHIO)-Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roso Mares
- Anatomy Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Recio
- Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory, Anatomy Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut of Research-Autonomous University of Barcelona (VHIR-UAB) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Jiang XB, Hu B, Fan X, He DS, Mao ZG, Chen M, Zhu YH, Wang HJ. [The expression of MGMT in pituitary adenomas and its association with tumour aggressiveness]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2013; 44:462-465. [PMID: 23898536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in pituitary adenomas and its association with tumour aggressiveness. METHODS From October 2011 to August 2012, all the patients with pathologically confirmed pituitary adenomas in our hospital were recruited for this study. The expression of MGMT in the tumor tissues was detected with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A total of 138 (including 71 male) patients participated in this study. The majority of the participants had nonfunctional (71%) and macroadenomas (92.8%). Aggressive and relapsed pituitary adenomas accounted for 31.2% and 8.7% of the cases, respectively. Low MGMT expression was found in 79 cases. The MGMT expression had no significant associations with gender, age, aggressiveness and relapse of tumors. However, prolactinomas were more likely to have low MGMT expression than nonfunctional adenomas (P = 0.025) and growth hormone adenomas (P = 0.043). CONCLUSION The expression of MGMT has no associations with the aggressiveness and relapse of pituitary adenomas. Prolactinomas are more likely to have low expression of MGMT, which indicates that temozolomide might become an alternative treatment for aggressive and dopamine resistant prolactinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pituitary Adenoma in Guangdong Province, Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Kleinstein SE, Heath L, Makar KW, Poole EM, Seufert BL, Slattery ML, Xiao L, Duggan DJ, Hsu L, Curtin K, Koepl L, Muehling J, Taverna D, Caan BJ, Carlson CS, Potter JD, Ulrich CM. Genetic variation in the lipoxygenase pathway and risk of colorectal neoplasia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:437-49. [PMID: 23404351 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to generate potent inflammatory mediators and play an important role in inflammation-associated diseases. We investigated associations between colorectal cancer risk and polymorphisms in ALOX5, FLAP, ALOX12, and ALOX15, and their interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. We genotyped fifty tagSNPs, one candidate SNP, and two functional promoter variable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in three US population-based case-control studies of colon cancer (1,424 cases/1,780 controls), rectal cancer (583 cases/775 controls), and colorectal adenomas (485 cases/578 controls). Individuals with variant genotypes of the ALOX5 VNTR had a decreased risk of rectal cancer, with the strongest association seen for individuals with one or more alleles of >5 repeats (wild type = 5, OR>5/≥5 = 0.42, 95% CI 0.20-0.92; P = 0.01). Four SNPs in FLAP (rs17239025), ALOX12 (rs2073438), and ALOX15 (rs4796535 and rs2619112) were associated with rectal cancer risk at P ≤ 0.05. One SNP in FLAP (rs12429692) was associated with adenoma risk. A false discovery rate (FDR) was applied to account for false positives due to multiple testing; the ALOX15 associations were noteworthy at 25% FDR. Colorectal neoplasia risk appeared to be modified by NSAID use in individuals with variant alleles in FLAP and ALOX15. One noteworthy interaction (25% FDR) was observed for rectal cancer. Genetic variability in ALOXs may affect risk of colorectal neoplasia, particularly for rectal cancer. Additionally, genetic variability in FLAP and ALOX15 may modify the protective effect of NSAID use against colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kleinstein
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Tulipano G, Faggi L, Losa M, Mortini P, Spinello M, Sibilia V, Pagani F, Cocchi D, Giustina A. Effects of AMPK activation and combined treatment with AMPK activators and somatostatin on hormone secretion and cell growth in cultured GH-secreting pituitary tumor cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 365:197-206. [PMID: 23116772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the AMPK activator AICAR as compared to somatostatin-14 on cell viability and GH secretion in human GH-secreting pituitary adenomas in vitro and in rat GH3 cells. Overnight treatment with AICAR increased phospho-(threonine-172) AMPK levels (activated AMPK) in cultured human adenomas. As to the effects on cell viability, four adenomas out of 15 were responsive to AICAR (0.4mM) and five adenomas were responsive to SS-14 (100 nM). One adenoma was responsive to both somatostatin and AICAR. The effects of cotreatment with SS-14 and AICAR were investigated in eight adenomas. In two adenomas, the effects of AICAR+SS-14 did not exceed the effect of AICAR. In two adenomas which were not responsive to either AICAR or SS-14, the cotreatment was able to reduce cell viability versus control. Two adenomas were not responsive to any treatment. As to the effects on GH secretion, nine adenomas out of 15 were responsive to AICAR. Twelve adenomas were responsive to SS-14. Eight adenomas were responsive to both AICAR and SS-14. Cotreatment exceeded the effect of single treatments in 4 out of 10 adenomas. In GH3 cells, AICAR reduced the activity of p70S6 kinase, which plays an important role in cell growth. SS-14 did not affect significantly AMPK phosphorylation and p70S6K activity but it was able to enhance the inhibitory effect of AICAR on phospho-S6 levels. Moreover, AICAR and SS-14 reduced ERK phosphorylation with a different time course. The combined treatment reduced phospho-ERK levels at any time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Italy.
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Sakuma I, Suematsu S, Matsuzawa Y, Saito J, Omura M, Maekawa T, Nakamura Y, Sasano H, Nishikawa T. Characterization of steroidogenic enzyme expression in aldosterone-producing adenoma: a comparison with various human adrenal tumors. Endocr J 2013; 60:329-36. [PMID: 23257735 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the expression profiles of several steroidogenic enzymes in normal adrenals, aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), cortisol-producing adenomas combined with Cushing's syndrome (CPA) or with subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCPA), and nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas (NFA) to clarify the nature and characteristics of steroidogenesis in APA. Clinical data were collected for all subjects. In resected adrenal glands (normal adrenals, APA, CPA, SCPA, and NFA), the mRNA expression levels of the CYP17, HSD3B2, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2 genes were studied using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The CYP11B2 mRNA level in APA was significantly higher than that in other groups. The CYP17/HSD3B2 ratio for mRNA in APA was significantly lower than those in the other groups. Low ratio of CYP17/HSD3B2 with high expression of CYP11B2 seems to explain steroidogenic characteristics of APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikki Sakuma
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan
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Dentice M, Luongo C, Ambrosio R, Sibilio A, Casillo A, Iaccarino A, Troncone G, Fenzi G, Larsen PR, Salvatore D. β-Catenin regulates deiodinase levels and thyroid hormone signaling in colon cancer cells. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1037-47. [PMID: 22771508 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activation of the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) complex occurs in most colon tumors, and its actions correlate with the neoplastic phenotype of intestinal epithelial cells. Type 3 deiodinase (D3), the selenoenzyme that inactivates thyroid hormone (3,5,3' triiodothyronine [T3]), is frequently expressed by tumor cells, but little is known about its role in the regulation of T3 signaling in cancer cells. METHODS We measured D3 expression in 6 colon cancer cell lines and human tumors and correlated it with the activity of the β-catenin/TCF complex. We also determined the effects of D3 loss on local thyroid hormone signaling and colon tumorigenesis. RESULTS We show that D3 is a direct transcriptional target of the β-catenin/TCF complex; its expression was higher in human intestinal adenomas and carcinomas than in healthy intestinal tissue. Experimental attenuation of β-catenin reduced D3 levels and induced type 2 deiodinase (the D3 antagonist that converts 3,5,3',5' tetraiodothyronine into active T3) thereby increasing T3-dependent transcription. In the absence of D3, excess T3 reduced cell proliferation and promoted differentiation in cultured cells and in xenograft mouse models. This occurred via induction of E-cadherin, which sequestered β-catenin at the plasma membrane and promoted cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Deiodinases are at the interface between the β-catenin and the thyroid hormone pathways. Their synchronized regulation of intracellular T3 concentration is a hitherto unrecognized route by which the multiple effects of β-catenin are generated and may be targeted to reduce the oncogenic effects of β-catenin in intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dentice
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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Wakeman D, Schneider JE, Liu J, Wandu WS, Erwin CR, Guo J, Stappenbeck TS, Warner BW. Deletion of p38-alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase within the intestinal epithelium promotes colon tumorigenesis. Surgery 2012; 152:286-93. [PMID: 22828150 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND p38-Alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) is a tumor suppressor often mutated in human cancers, but its specific role in colorectal cancer is not completely understood. Previous studies have found that p38-MAPK activity inhibits epithelial proliferation and promotes apoptosis in the intestine. Therefore, we sought to test the hypothesis that intestinal disruption of p38-MAPK would lead to increased tumorigenesis in the colon. METHODS p38-MAPK was deleted in mice within the intestinal epithelium using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre system under control of the villin promoter [villin-Cre ERT2(+), MAPK14(f/f)]. An azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate protocol was used to drive intestinal tumor development. Tumor measurements were made using computer software from photographs of excised colon specimens. RESULTS The number of mice that developed tumors was not statistically different when comparing wild-type mice (7/14) to inducible, intestine epithelial-deleted p38-MAPK (9/11) mice after azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate treatment (P = .21). However, the epithelial-deleted p38-MAPK mice developed significantly more tumors (3.7 vs 1.1; P = .008) and nearly 4 times the total tumor burden as wild-type mice (17.4 vs 4.8 mm(2); P = .03). Wild-type and epithelial-deleted p38-MAPK groups demonstrated a similar degree of colon inflammation. CONCLUSION Deletion of p38-MAPK within the colonic mucosa leads to a hyperplastic state promoting greater tumor development. Because the severity of colitis was not augmented in mice with p38-MAPK deficiency, tumor development is likely mediated by impaired cell cycle regulation within the colonic epithelium. Manipulation of p38-MAPK activity may provide a novel treatment and/or prevention strategy in the management of colorectal cancer, particularly in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Wakeman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Zhou JY, Shi R, Yu HL, Zheng WL, Ma WL. Association of NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism with the risks for colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma: a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:1123-4. [PMID: 22116627 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Biasi F, Guina T, Maina M, Nano M, Falcone A, Aroasio E, Saracco GM, Papotti M, Leonarduzzi G, Poli G. Progressive increase of matrix metalloprotease-9 and interleukin-8 serum levels during carcinogenic process in human colorectal tract. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41839. [PMID: 22848630 PMCID: PMC3405044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory reactions, known to promote tumor growth and invasion, have been found associated with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Macrophages are the chief component of the inflammatory infiltration that occurs early in the progression from non-invasive to malignant tumor, with a switch from the pro-inflammatory phenotype to the tumor-promoting phenotype. Tumor and stroma are additional sources of inflammation-related molecules. The study aimed to evaluate, during colorectal carcinogenesis from benign to malignant phases: i) the trend of serum levels of IL-8, IL-6, TGFβ1, VEGF and MMPs; ii) the parallel trend of CRP serum levels; iii) derangement of the principal TGFβ1 receptors (TGFβ1RI/RII) in tumor tissues. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 96 patients with colon adenomas or CRC at different stages of progression, and 17 controls, were recruited. Serum IL-8, IL-6, TGFβ1, VEGF, MMPs and CRP levels were analyzed before endoscopy or surgery. TGFβ1 receptors were evaluated in adenoma biopsies and surgically-removed colorectal adenocarcinomas. Serum levels of IL-8 in adenocarcinoma patients were increased from stage II, when also the enzymatic activity of MMP-9 increased. Of note, the increasing trend of the two serum markers was found significantly correlated. Trend of serum CRP was also very similar to that of IL-8 and MMP-9, but just below statistical significance. TGFβ1 levels were lower at stage III CRC, while IL-6 and VEGF levels had no significant variations. In tissue specimens, TGFβ1 receptors were already absent in about 50% of adenomas, and this percentage of missing receptors markedly increased in CRC stages III and IV. CONCLUSIONS Combined quantification of serum IL-8, MMP-9 and CRP, appears a reliable and advanced index of inflammation-related processes during malignant phase of colorectal carcinogenesis, since these molecules remain within normal range in colorectal adenoma bearing patients, while consistently increase in the blood of CRC patients, even if from stage II only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Biasi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Tina Guina
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Marco Maina
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Mario Nano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Alessandro Falcone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Emiliano Aroasio
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
- * E-mail:
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Choueiri TK, Cheville J, Palescandolo E, Fay AP, Kantoff PW, Atkins MB, McKenney JK, Brown V, Lampron ME, Zhou M, Hirsch MS, Signoretti S. BRAF mutations in metanephric adenoma of the kidney. Eur Urol 2012; 62:917-22. [PMID: 22727996 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metanephric adenoma (MA) of the kidney is a rare, indolent tumor that may be difficult to differentiate from other small renal masses (SRMs). Genetic alterations associated with MA remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed at defining genetic events in MA of the kidney and determining their influence in the management of this disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multiplexed mass spectrometric genotyping was performed on 29 MA cases after tumor DNA extraction. We also conducted a mutational screen in an additional 129 renal neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the MA cases to assess molecular markers of signaling pathway activation. Patients' baseline characteristics, as well as follow-up data, were captured. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We used descriptive statistics for baseline clinical characteristics and incidence of mutations. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to correlate patient characteristics with mutational status. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS We identified the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) V600E mutation in 26 of 29 MA cases. These results were validated in all cases using the commercially available BRAF Pyro Kit (QIAGEN). In contrast, BRAF mutations were rare in the other 129 non-MA renal neoplasms that were screened. We detected a BRAF mutation (V600E) in only one papillary renal cell carcinoma case. In all MA tumors, we documented expression of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, accompanied by immunoreactivity for p16 (INK4a). All patients were treated with a partial or radical nephrectomy, and after a median follow-up of 26.5 mo, there were no local or distant recurrences. Limitations include the retrospective nature of this study. CONCLUSIONS BRAF V600E mutations are present in approximately 90% of all MA cases, serving as a potential valuable diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of SRMs undergoing a percutaneous biopsy. The presence of BRAF V600E and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in a largely benign tumor supports the necessity for secondary events (e.g., p16 loss) in BRAF-driven oncogenesis.
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Pereira VS, Marassi MP, Rosenthal D, Vaisman M, Corrêa da Costa VM. Positive correlation between type 1 and 2 iodothyronine deiodinases activities in human goiters. Endocrine 2012; 41:532-8. [PMID: 22207295 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 (D1) and 2 (D2) iodothyronine deiodinases are selenocysteine-containing enzymes that catalyze the deiodination of T4 to T3 in the thyroid and in peripheral tissues. Despite their importance to the plasma T3 pool in human beings, there are few studies about their behavior in human thyroids. In order to better understand iodothyronine deiodinase regulation in the thyroid gland, we studied thyroid tissue samples from follicular adenoma (AD, n = 5), toxic diffuse goiter (TDG, n = 6), nontoxic multinodular goiter (NMG, n = 40), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, n = 8), and surrounding normal tissues (NT, n = 7) from 36 patients submitted to elective thyroidectomy. D1 and D2 activities were determined by quantification of the radioiodine released by ¹²⁵I-rT3 or ¹²⁵I-T4 under standardized conditions, and expressed as pmol rT3 deiodinated per minute and mg protein (pmol rT3 min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ ptn) and fmol T4 deiodinated per minute and mg protein (fmol T4 min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ ptn), respectively. D1 activity detected in TDG and AD tissues were significantly higher than in NT, PTC or NMG samples. D2 activity was also significantly higher in TDG and AD samples than in PTC, NMG, or NT. There was great variability in D1 and D2 enzymatic activities from distinct patients as well as from different areas from the same goiter. There was a positive correlation (P < 0,0001, r = 0.4942) between D1 and D2 activities when all samples were taken into account, suggesting that-in the thyroid-these two iodothyronine deiodinases may have related regulatory mechanisms, even if conditioned by other as yet unknown factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmara S Pereira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, bloco G, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Brazil
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Roumeguère T, Delree P, Van Antwerpen P, Rorive S, Vanhamme L, de Ryhove LDLK, Serteyn D, Wespes E, Vanhaerverbeek M, Boudjeltia KZ. Intriguing location of myeloperoxidase in the prostate: a preliminary immunohistochemical study. Prostate 2012; 72:507-13. [PMID: 21739466 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a member of the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase superfamily, which is secreted from stimulated leucocytes at inflammatory sites. It is well known that MPO catalyses oxidation reactions via the release of reactive halogenating and nitrating species and thus induces tissue damage. Several studies have already implicated MPO in the development of neoplasia. Chronic or recurrent prostatic inflammation has long been recognized as having the potential to initiate and promote the development of prostate cancer. The objective was to investigate whether MPO is present in the prostate. METHODS Human prostate material was obtained from biopsies, transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP), prostatic adenomectomies, and retropubic radical prostatectomies. Twenty-nine slides of normal prostate tissue, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer were reviewed by a pathologist. Immunohistochemical analysis using MPO-specific human antibody was performed to detect MPO in the prostate tissue. RESULTS Immunocytohistochemistry showed cellular colocalization of MPO in the secretory epithelial cells of the prostate with staining varying from light to strong intensity. Staining in the glandular apical snouts was often reinforced although staining of basal as well as of luminal glandular cells was also present. CONCLUSIONS We identified, for the first time, the presence of MPO at the surface of prostatic epithelial cells. In view of the pro-oxidant properties of this enzyme, further research is needed to define whether MPO contributes to the development of prostatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Roumeguère
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Unit 222, ULB, CHU Charleroi, Belgium.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme involved in neoplastic processes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate COX-2 expression in the normal human eye and the expression pattern in selected eye tumours involving COX-2 expressing cells. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against COX-2 was performed on paraffin sections of normal human eyes and selected eye tumours arising from cells expressing COX-2. RESULTS Cyclooxygenase-2 expression was found in various structures of the normal eye. Abundant expression was seen in the cornea, iris, ciliary body and retina. The COX-2 expression was less in tumours deriving from the ciliary epithelium and also in retinoblastoma. CONCLUSION Cyclooxygenase-2 is constitutively expressed in normal human eyes. The expression of COX-2 is much lower in selected eye tumours involving COX-2 expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Eye Pathology Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yin G, Hamajima N, Morita M, Tajima O, Tabata S, Kono S. Lack of influence of the ADH1B Arg47His genetic polymorphism on risk of colorectal adenoma in middle-aged Japanese men. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:297-302. [PMID: 21517275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is one of the risk factors for colorectal cancers and adenomas. Since alcohol dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism, it may thus play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to assess the association of a functional ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism with colorectal adenomas in a case-control study of male officials in the Self-Defense Forces who received a pre-retirement health examination at two Self-Defense Forces hospitals. The study subjects comprised 455 with colorectal adenomas and 1,052 controls without polyps, all of whom underwent total colonoscopy. Statistical adjustment was made for age, hospital, Self-Defense Forces rank, body mass index, cigarette-years, and alcohol consumption. There was no measurable association between the ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism and colorectal adenoma development. The adjusted odds ratio for individuals with the 47His/His genotype compared to those with individuals with 47Arg alleles was 1.18 (95% confidence interval 0.94-1.49). There was no influence of the level of alcohol consumption (interaction P = 0.84). In addition, there were no clear interactions of the ADH1B with ALDH2 Glu487Lys and MTHFR C677T with regard to the risk of colorectal adenoma. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism does not contribute to the risk of colorectal adenoma in any subgroup of middle-aged Japanese men defined by alcohol drinking, as well as the ALDH2 Glu487Lys and MTHFR C677T genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
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Losa M, Mazza E, Terreni MR, McCormack A, Gill AJ, Motta M, Cangi MG, Talarico A, Mortini P, Reni M. Salvage therapy with temozolomide in patients with aggressive or metastatic pituitary adenomas: experience in six cases. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 163:843-51. [PMID: 20870708 DOI: 10.1530/eje-10-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognosis of either pituitary carcinoma or aggressive pituitary adenoma resistant to standard therapies is poor. We assessed the efficacy of treatment with temozolomide, an oral second-generation alkylating agent, in a consecutive series of six patients with aggressive pituitary adenomas. DESIGN This was a 1-year prospective study of temozolomide therapy in six consecutive patients with pituitary carcinoma (one case) or atypical pituitary adenoma (five cases) resistant to standard therapies. There were three males and three females. Age at enrollment ranged between 52 and 64 years. Temozolomide was given orally at a dose of 150-200 mg/m(2) per day for 5 days every 4 weeks for a maximum of 12 cycles. METHODS Response assessment was based on measurable change in tumor size, as assessed on magnetic resonance imaging, and hormone levels. Response was defined as reduction of at least 50% of tumor size and hormone levels. RESULTS Four patients completed the 12 cycles of temozolomide treatment, as planned. Two patients stopped the drug after 3 and 6 months respectively because of the progression of disease. Two patients responded to temozolomide, while the remaining two patients had stable disease. Immunohistochemistry for O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in tumor sample showed a partial association with treatment response. CONCLUSIONS Temozolomide treatment has a wide range of efficacy in patients with pituitary carcinoma or locally aggressive pituitary adenoma. Positive staining for MGMT seems likely to predict a lower chance of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Losa
- Pituitary Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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Levine AJ, Grau MV, Mott LA, Ueland PM, Baron JA. Baseline plasma total homocysteine and adenoma recurrence: results from a double blind randomized clinical trial of aspirin and folate supplementation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2541-8. [PMID: 20841390 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is an accepted marker of functional folate deficiency but may have independent effects on colorectal neoplasia risk. It is uncertain whether plasma tHcy is associated with risk at the low levels common in a folate-fortified population. METHODS Study subjects, about half of whom were recruited after fortification of grain products with folic acid in the United States and Canada, consisted of 871 individuals with a recent history of one or more colorectal adenomas who were randomized to receive either a 1 mg/day folic acid supplement or a placebo within one of three randomly assigned aspirin treatment groups (placebo, 81, or 325 mg/day). Nonfasting plasma tHcy was determined by a gas chromatograph mass chromatography method. We estimated adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for one or more adenoma recurrences for each quartile of baseline plasma tHcy using generalized linear regression with an overdispersed Poisson approximation to the binomial. RESULTS The Q4/Q1 adjusted risk ratio for any adenoma was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.70-1.38; P trend = 0.17) in the placebo group, and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.58-1.12; P-trend = 0.17) in the folic acid group. Results were similar for adenomas with advanced features. There was no modification by sex, aspirin treatment group or MTHFR 677C>T genotype. CONCLUSIONS Plasma tHcy is not an independent marker for an increase in colorectal adenoma recurrence risk in postfortification populations in which plasma tHcy levels are in the lower range of values. IMPACT Controlling plasma tHcy levels is unlikely to favorably modify adenoma recurrence risk in folate-fortified populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joan Levine
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology, NRT 1450 Biggy Street Room 1509A, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Altaş M, Bayrak OF, Ayan E, Bolukbasi F, Silav G, Coskun KK, Culha M, Sahin F, Sevli S, Elmaci I. The effect of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MMP-1 gene on the occurrence and invasiveness of hypophyseal adenoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2010; 152:1611-7; discussion 1617. [PMID: 20437278 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-010-0671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The matrix metalloproteinase-1 enzyme (MMP-1, also called collagenase 1) plays a key role in turnover of collagen fibers in the intercellular matrix. Insertion of a guanine residue was found within the promoter region of the MMP-1 gene. We found that MMP-1 levels increased approximately twofold over normal when this insertion was present, enabling MMP-1 to facilitate tumor invasion and metastasis. MMP-1 is also believed to play a role in tumor development. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MMP-1 gene on the development of benign and invasive hypophyseal adenomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty patients with hypophyseal adenomas diagnosed by radiological examination underwent surgical removal, and the diagnosis was confirmed using immunohistochemical staining of the pathology specimens. We found that ten of these patients had invasive adenomas confirmed by radiological examination and immunohistochemical staining. DNA isolation was performed on all specimens, and 5-cc venous blood samples were obtained from all patients as well as 30 volunteers using the Qiagen QIAquick kit. Promoter regions of MMP-1 genes from the DNA samples were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers designed for the site-directed mutation method. Following PCR, a guanine residue within the promoter region of the MMP-1 gene was identified using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method and the ALU I restriction enzyme. Three genotypes were detected in a genotyping assay: 2G/2G, 1G/2G, and 1G/1G. RESULTS Of the surgically treated patients, 36.6% had the 2G/2G genotype, 46.6% had the 1G/2G genotype, and 16.6% had the 1G/1G genotype. The 2G allele frequency was found to be 83.4%. In 90% of cases of invasive adenoma, a homozygous 2G/2G genotype was detected. DISCUSSION The risk for development of hypophyseal adenoma may be greater in patients with the 2G allele. In cases of existing hypophyseal adenoma, those with the homozygous 2G allele tend to be invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Altaş
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tayfur Ata Sökmen Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31700, Turkey.
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Wasilewicz MP, Kołodziej B, Bojułko T, Kaczmarczyk M, Sulzyc-Bielicka V, Bielicki D, Ciepiela K. Overexpression of 5-lipoxygenase in sporadic colonic adenomas and a possible new aspect of colon carcinogenesis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25:1079-85. [PMID: 20549218 PMCID: PMC2912725 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-010-0980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to study the intracellular expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), the primary competitor with cyclooxygenase-2 in arachidonic acid metabolism, as inflammatory enzymes may be involved in blocking apoptosis and promoting cancer growth by changing arachidonic acid metabolism within cells. Our purpose was to investigate the possible connection between 5-LOX expression and colon carcinogenesis by characterizing 5-LOX expression in histologically different colonic adenomas, determining the relationship between high expression of 5-LOX and various conventional clinicopathological features of adenomas, and finally characterizing the histological localization of cells with 5-LOX overexpression. METHODS A total of 111 patients were examined and 120 histologically different colonic adenomas analyzed (including four cases of intramucosal adenocarcinoma in a polyp). Immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal anti-5-LOX antibodies was performed. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between high 5-LOX expression and patient age, increased polyp size, high grade of intraepithelial neoplasia, villous and tubulovillous adenoma, and histological epithelial localization. CONCLUSIONS We observed a strong positive correlation between 5-LOX overexpression and the appearance of typical high-risk factors for malignant transformation in adenomatous polyps. The results support the role of 5-LOX in early stages of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał P Wasilewicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Kasper HU, Konze E, Dienes HP, Stippel DL, Schirmacher P, Kern M. COX-2 expression and effects of COX-2 inhibition in colorectal carcinomas and their liver metastases. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:2017-2023. [PMID: 20651346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are known to reduce the risk and mortality from colorectal carcinoma by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenases (COX). COX-2 expression was investigated immunohistologically in 57 patients with colorectal carcinomas and in the corresponding liver metastases using tissue microarray analysis. Ex vivo COX-2 inhibition with assessment of apoptosis was performed using precision-cut tissue slices of three human liver metastases. Following stimulation with different concentrations of the selective COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam, apoptosis was assessed immunohistochemically after 6 h and 12 h. All primary carcinomas and 56 out of the 57 liver metastases showed various degrees of cytoplasmatic COX-2 expression being with a reduction and in the liver metastases. There was a time- and concentration-dependent change in the number of apoptotic cells in tissue slices, however, this was without statistical significance. COX-2 is constantly involved in the carcinogenesis and metastatic process of colorectal cancer. The antineoplastic effect of COX-2 inhibition may be based on different pathways, including changes in sensitivity to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Udo Kasper
- Institut für Pathologie, Medical Center am Clemenshospital, Düesberweg 128, D-48153 Münster/Wfl., Germany.
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Ferrucci LM, Cross AJ, Gunter MJ, Ahn J, Mayne ST, Ma X, Chanock SJ, Yeager M, Graubard BI, Berndt SI, Huang WY, Hayes RB, Sinha R. Xenobiotic metabolizing genes, meat-related exposures, and risk of advanced colorectal adenoma. World Rev Nutr Diet 2010; 101:34-45. [PMID: 20436251 DOI: 10.1159/000314509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carcinogenic action of meat-related exposures, such as heterocyclic amines (HCAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and N-nitroso compounds (NOCs), might explain positive associations between red and processed meat and colorectal neoplasia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme (XME) genes could alter activation/detoxfication of these compounds. METHODS We evaluated interactions between several XME genes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTM2, GSTT1, NAT1, NAT2, NQO1, SULT1A1, and SULT1A2) and meat-related exposures using a pathway-based approach in 720 advanced colorectal adenoma cases of the distal colon or rectum and 746 controls from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Using meat-related databases, we estimated intake of the HCAs, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), the PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and nitrate/nitrite, as NOC precursors. RESULTS There were possible interactions between PhIP and CYP1B1 (Pinteraction=0.019) and NQO1 (Pinteraction=0.007), B[a]P and CYP1B1 (Pinteraction=0.005) and CYP3A4 (Pinteraction=0.021), and nitrate/nitrite and CYP1A1 (Pinteraction=0.022) in relation to colorectal adenoma. However, none of these interactions were statistically significant using a false discovery rate threshold of 0.20. CONCLUSIONS Common variants in XME genes may modify the association of HCAs, PAHs, and nitrate/nitrite with advanced colorectal adenoma, but investigation in other populations is required, especially within consortia.
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