Drugs That Changed Society: History and Current Status of the Early Antibiotics: Salvarsan, Sulfonamides, and β-Lactams

The appearance of antibiotic drugs revolutionized the possibilities for treatment of diseases with high mortality such as pneumonia, sepsis, plaque, diphtheria, tetanus, typhoid fever, and tuberculosis. Today fewer than 1% of mortalities in high income countries are caused by diseases caused by bacteria. However, it should be recalled that the antibiotics were introduced in parallel with sanitation including sewerage, piped drinking water, high standard of living and improved understanding of the connection between food and health. Development of salvarsan, sulfonamides, and β-lactams into efficient drugs is described. The effects on life expectancy and life quality of these new drugs are indicated.

Suppression of contact hypersensitivity to DNCB by previous intravenous injection of DNP-protein conjugate

The present paper reported the suppression in guinea-pigs of contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene by previous intravenous injection of DNP-protein conjugate. It was observed that intravenous injection of 2.5 mg (DNP)_5–10-guinea-pig serum albumin, followed by one or two intraperitoneal booster injections of 0.1 mg protein conjugate provoked detectable antibody to DNP-groups. These animals showed (as compared to normal controls) a significantly diminished capacity to develop contact hypersensitivity to DNCB on subsequent epicutaneous contact with the allergen. It is suggested that we are dealing with an antibody induced unresponsiveness.