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Chowdhury P, Hemsworth PH, Fisher AD, Rice M, Galea RY, Taylor PS, Stevenson M. Descriptive epidemiology of smothering in Australian commercial free-range layer hen farms. Prev Vet Med 2024; 223:106098. [PMID: 38176152 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Since the early 2000 s the practice of free-range egg production has increased in developed countries, partly driven by consumer perception that free-range housing is better for hen welfare. While poultry in free-range systems have more behavioural opportunities compared with poultry in caged systems, free-range systems are associated with greater frequencies of infectious disease, predation and 'smothering', a condition where birds pile on top of one another with death occurring due to suffocation. Although the frequency of smothering deaths in Australian free-range layer poultry is anecdotally high, there is a lack of empirical evidence quantifying smothering cause-specific mortality rates and identifying factors that place birds at higher risk of death from smothering. This was a prospective cohort study of poultry flocks managed by three commercial free-range layer organisations in Eastern Australia. Flocks were enrolled into the study from 1 January 2019 to 29 March 2021 and were followed until the end of lay or until the end of the study on 31 March 2022, whichever occurred first. Throughout the follow-up period flock managers provided production details for each flock and details of smothering events using custom-designed logbooks.A total of 84 flocks were enrolled in the study: 32 from Organisation 1, 35 from Organisation 2 and 17 from Organisation 3. The number of birds per flock ranged from 16,000 to 45,000. The total mortality rate was 1131 deaths per 10,000 bird-years. Smothering mortality rate across the three organisations was 183 (minimum 133, maximum 223) deaths per 10,000 bird-years at risk. Smothering accounted for around 16% (minimum 9%, maximum 22%) of all deaths.We identified no distinctive temporal pattern in daily smothering risk as a function of either the number of days since placement or calendar date. The locations of smothering events in sheds and in the outdoor range were not consistent, with relatively large numbers of smothering events occurring in specific locations for some sheds but not others. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest prospective study of smothering mortality in commercial free-range layer flocks conducted to date. Estimates of smothering incidence rate and how that varies within and between flocks and organisations over time provides a critically important benchmark for further investigations into this substantial area of productivity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chowdhury
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | - P H Hemsworth
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - A D Fisher
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Rice
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Y Galea
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - P S Taylor
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale 2350, New South Wales, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Stevenson
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Dong Y, Zhang H, Guo M, Mei J, Xie J. Effect of different slaughter/stunning methods on stress response, quality indicators and susceptibility to oxidation of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1879-1891. [PMID: 37171556 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different slaughter methods (immersion in ice/water slurry, T1; gill cut, T2; CO2 asphyxia, T3; percussion (hit on the head with a stick), T4; Melissa officinalis L. essential oil + CO2, T5) on physiological stress, oxidative stress, and muscle quality in large yellow croaker. In terms of physiological stress, the levels of glucose (GLU), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and catalase (CAT) in CO2 asphyxia samples were significantly lower than those in other samples (p < 0.05). The level of cortisol (COR) in T1 sample was 1.25-1.84 times higher than that of other samples. The GLU level of T1 group was 3.2 times higher than that of T3 sample, and significantly higher than that of other samples. The creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and CAT levels of T2 samples were the highest (2.03 ng/mL and 8.34 U/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) analysis revealed that T3 and T4 samples could maintain good antioxidant enzyme activity during cold storage. The T3 samples maintained the stability of the protein (the lowest carbonyls and surface hydrophobicity) and reduced lipid oxidation (lower TBARS). In addition, the analysis of pH and water-holding capacity (WHC) revealed that T3 samples had better muscle quality. The muscle of T2 samples kept better color due to bloodletting treatment. The samples obtained after addition of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil had poorer indexes in all aspects compared to the T3 samples, which might be caused by the long anesthesia time of the essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Meijie Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products High Quality Utilization, Storage and Transportation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products High Quality Utilization, Storage and Transportation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Islas-Fabila P, Bonilla-Jaime H, González-Hernández M, Vega-Manríquez X, Jiménez-Collado CA, Ballesteros-Rodea G, de la Cruz-Cruz LA, Orozco-Gregorio H, Roldán-Santiago P. Effect of thiamine pyrophosphate on the characteristics of farrowing and piglet vitality. Theriogenology 2023; 200:49-59. [PMID: 36758457 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Asphyxia is considered the main non-infectious cause of prepartum mortality in swine, as well as an important factor that negatively affects neonatal vitality and can trigger physiological and metabolic disorders. Hence, the search for pharmacological protocols to reduce the harmful effects of asphyxia is a key area of research. Recent observations show that administering thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) prior to a hypoxic event in certain species (rabbits, rats) has a neuroprotector effect that preserves energy metabolism under hypoxic conditions. Given this, the objective of this study was to evaluate a prophylactic protocol in high- and low-vitality neonate piglets based on TPP's effect on physiological and metabolic responses, body temperature, and weight. A total of 149 piglets born from 15 multiparous sows were used. The dams were randomly divided into two groups: control (NaCl 0.9%) and TPP (25 ml of TTP) administered 24 and 12 h before the expected farrowing date. The following reproductive variables of the sows were recorded: duration of farrowing, total number of piglets born per litter, number of liveborn piglets per litter, number of stillbirths and mummified fetuses at birth, and number of live piglets at weaning. In addition, the expulsion interval and vitality of all neonates were evaluated, body temperatures were recorded at ten intervals, and physiological profiles (blood gases, electrolytes, glucose) were registered for each neonate. Results show that the TPP-treated sows had shorter farrowing duration (P = 0.0060) and higher percentage of high-vitality neonates (60%). Moreover, their offspring exhibited greater vitality, fewer imbalances in their physiological and metabolic profiles, and greater weight gain at weaning (P < 0.0001). Findings suggest that administering TPP exerts a protective effect when hypoxic events occur, though this differs from results obtained with rat pups, where applying TPP after such events did not provide protection from asphyxia-induced damage. These differences may be due to the moment at which TPP was applied. The application time we selected was distinct from the procedure followed with rats because it was based on a dataset that describes the influence of administering TPP as a prophylactic treatment before a hypoxic event. Prophylactic administration of TPP to sows at the end of gestation exerted a neuroprotective effect on neonatal vitality and gas exchanges and energy metabolism in the offspring that were reflected in the greater weekly weight gain in those piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Islas-Fabila
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Milagros González-Hernández
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78321, México
| | - Xóchil Vega-Manríquez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78321, México
| | | | - Gilberto Ballesteros-Rodea
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78321, México
| | - Luis Alberto de la Cruz-Cruz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de México-Coyoacán, Calzada de Tlalpan, 04910, Ciudad de México, México; Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coapa, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Héctor Orozco-Gregorio
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coapa, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 04960, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Roldán-Santiago
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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Nobre Pacífico Pereira KH, Hibaru VY, Fuchs KDM, Cruz Dos Santos Correia LE, Lopes MD, Ferreira JCP, Ferreira de Souza F, Machado LHDA, Chiacchio SB, Gomes Lourenço ML. Use of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels to diagnose severe hypoxia and myocardial injury induced by perinatal asphyxia in neonatal dogs. Theriogenology 2022; 180:146-153. [PMID: 34973646 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged perinatal asphyxia and subsequent severe hypoxia are the main causes of mortality in neonatal dogs in the first days of life. In medicine, specific cardiac biochemical markers, such as troponin I, are used to diagnose ischemic and nonischemic myocardial injury in asphyxiated newborns after birth. Thus, the objectives of this study were to compare the levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) between asphyxiated and nonasphyxiated newborn dogs and evaluate the correlations of cTnI levels with the modified Apgar score, the levels of oxygen saturation, blood glucose, and lactatemia, and blood gas parameters. This study aimed to determine the possible use of cTnI as a marker of severe hypoxia and myocardial ischemic injury in neonatal dogs. Fifteen animals in a eutocic vaginal delivery group (VG), 15 animals in a cesarean section group (CG), and 13 animals in a hypoxia (asphyxiated) group (HG) were evaluated. The animals in the asphyxiated group were from dystocic deliveries and born by vaginal delivery or cesarean section. All groups were evaluated at birth and after 60 min. The newborns in the VG and CG exhibited mixed acidosis (respiratory acidosis due to increased partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and metabolic acidosis due to reduced pH and bicarbonate (HCO3) levels, base excess/deficit in the extracellular fluid compartment (BEecf), and increased lactate levels) due to transient physiological hypoxemia at birth. The cTnI levels in the VG and CG were within the reference standards for healthy dogs. No correlations between cTnI level and the other parameters were observed in the VG and CG. Newborns in the HG exhibited prominent mixed acidosis (p < 0.05) due to severe hypoxemia. The Apgar score and blood gas parameters showed that these dogs were born asphyxiated, and they presented low vitality and the need for resuscitation maneuvers. The cTnI levels in the HG were significantly higher than those in the VG and CG (p < 0.05) and above the reference standards for healthy dogs, which indicated ischemic myocardial injury. The cTnI level was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the parameters Apgar score, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation (sO2) level, reflex score, and total carbon dioxide (TCO2) level and positively correlated (p < 0.01) with lactate level. This study showed that asphyxiated newborn dogs have higher serum cTnI levels than nonasphyxiated newborn dogs; thus, the cTnI can be used as a marker of severe hypoxia and ischemic myocardial damage in newborn dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keylla Helena Nobre Pacífico Pereira
- Veterinary Neonatology Research Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Viviane Yukari Hibaru
- Veterinary Neonatology Research Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Kárita da Mata Fuchs
- Veterinary Neonatology Research Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Cruz Dos Santos Correia
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Improvement and Nutrition, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maria Denise Lopes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Pinheiro Ferreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ferreira de Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique de Araújo Machado
- Veterinary Neonatology Research Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Simone Biagio Chiacchio
- Veterinary Neonatology Research Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Gomes Lourenço
- Veterinary Neonatology Research Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Botucatu, Brazil.
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Manrique G, Pérez G, Butragueño-Laiseca L, García M, Slöcker M, González R, Herrera L, Mencía S, Del Castillo J, Solana MJ, Sanz D, Cieza R, Fernández SN, López J, Urbano J, López-Herce J. Effects of airway management and tidal volume feedback ventilation during pediatric resuscitation in piglets with asphyxial cardiac arrest. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16138. [PMID: 34373497 PMCID: PMC8352976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95296-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the effect on the recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) of early endotracheal intubation (ETI) versus bag-mask ventilation (BMV), and expiratory real-time tidal volume (VTe) feedback (TVF) ventilation versus without feedback or standard ventilation (SV) in a pediatric animal model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. Piglets were randomized into five groups: 1: ETI and TVF ventilation (10 ml/kg); 2: ETI and TVF (7 ml/kg); 3: ETI and SV; 4: BMV and TVF (10 ml/kg) and 5: BMV and SV. Thirty breaths-per-minute guided by metronome were given. ROSC, pCO2, pO2, EtCO2 and VTe were compared among groups. Seventy-nine piglets (11.3 ± 1.2 kg) were included. Twenty-six (32.9%) achieved ROSC. Survival was non-significantly higher in ETI (40.4%) than BMV groups (21.9%), p = 0.08. No differences in ROSC were found between TVF and SV groups (30.0% versus 34.7%, p = 0.67). ETI groups presented lower pCO2, and higher pO2, EtCO2 and VTe than BMV groups (p < 0.05). VTe was lower in TVF than in SV groups and in BMV than in ETI groups (p < 0.05). Groups 1 and 3 showed higher pO2 and lower pCO2 over time, although with hyperventilation values (pCO2 < 35 mmHg). ETI groups had non significantly higher survival rate than BMV groups. Compared to BMV groups, ETI groups achieved better oxygenation and ventilation parameters. VTe was lower in both TVF and BMV groups. Hyperventilation was observed in intubated animals with SV and with 10 ml/kg VTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Manrique
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Pérez
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Butragueño-Laiseca
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam García
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Slöcker
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael González
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrera
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Mencía
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
- Maternal and Child Public Health Department. School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jimena Del Castillo
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Solana
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - Débora Sanz
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Cieza
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah N Fernández
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge López
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Urbano
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain.
- Maternal and Child Public Health Department. School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús López-Herce
- Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr Castelo 47, 28009, Madrid, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
- Research Network on Maternal and Child Health and Development (RedSAMID), Madrid, Spain.
- Maternal and Child Public Health Department. School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Martin KA, Jesudoss Chelladurai JRJ, Sato Y, Brewer MT. Syngamus asphyxiation in a captive ring-necked pheasant. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2020; 22:100493. [PMID: 33308737 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A deceased ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) presented for necropsy following a history of chronic wasting. Necropsy revealed nematodes consistent with the genus Syngamus partially obstructing the trachea. Phylogentic analysis failed to reveal conclusive results regarding the species. Syngamus spp. can cause obstruction of the trachea in several different hosts. Additional genetic data from this taxon would aid in the more precise identification of diagnostic specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy A Martin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, USA
| | | | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, USA
| | - Matthew T Brewer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, USA.
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Waltham NJ, Schaffer JR. Thermal and asphyxia exposure risk to freshwater fish in feral-pig-damaged tropical wetlands. J Fish Biol 2018; 93:723-728. [PMID: 29968260 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute thermal and asphyxia exposure risks for freshwater fish occupying three tropical wetland typologies were examined. Field water-quality data revealed that fish in wetlands grazed by pigs had the highest exposure risks, because they are shallow and heavily damaged by pig activities. In contrast, with the exception is dissolved oxygen (which still reached critical conditions because of aquatic vegetation respiration), deeper permanent and pig-managed wetlands provides the best opportunity for the same fish species to survive in a heavily pig-modified tropical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Waltham
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), Freshwater Ecology Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason R Schaffer
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), Freshwater Ecology Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Cima G. U.S. could use hyperthermia, asphyxia to fight bird flu. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 247:993-994. [PMID: 26767225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Abstract
The overwhelming majority of farmed fish produced throughout the world are killed with little or no consideration for their welfare. Fasting periods can be excessive, transport stressful and killing inhumane. At the time of writing, the salmon industry is the only sector in which consideration of the welfare of the fish at slaughter has resulted in significant improvements throughout most of the industry. There are signs of interest in the use of more humane slaughter methods for some other fish species. This is mostly initiated by the demand for higher standards from European fish retailers. For most species, the humane killing options are limited to percussive stunning and electrical stunning. However, even these methods can have a poor welfare outcome if insufficient consideration is given to the needs of the fish or if the equipment has not been properly designed. The use of food-grade anaesthetics to assist with the harvest has significant potential for improving welfare and their wider use should be investigated further.
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Abstract
The fact is that mother is the best combined pediatrician and neonatologist in the world. She is the most passionate and vested caregiver for the newborn, whether living and delivering in a modern hospital in a developed country or in a village in the remotest part of the globe; whether she is literate or illiterate. Let us focus our efforts on providing mothers the additional skills in caring for the baby in difficult situations immediately after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vidyasagar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Katz
- University Veterinary Hospital, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Mota-Rojas D, Trujillo ME, Martínez J, Rosales AM, Orozco H, Ramírez R, Sumano H, Alonso-Spilsbury M. Comparative routes of oxytocin administration in crated farrowing sows and its effects on fetal and postnatal asphyxia. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 92:123-43. [PMID: 16023309 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin is used to induce and control parturition; nevertheless, an increase in uterine contractions decreases blood flow and gaseous exchange through the uterus predisposing to intra-partum mortality in pigs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different oxytocin administration routes on myometrial activity, fetal intrauterine hypoxia and postnatal asphyxia in crated farrowing sows. Yorkshire x Landrace hybrid sows (n = 300), that were approaching the time of parturition, were randomly assigned into six groups. Each group included 50 sows, 10 for each of the parities from one to five. A 40-IU oxytocin dosage was administered by intramuscular (IM), or intravulvar (IVU) routes, or 20 IU was administered via intravenous (IV) route. Groups 1 (G1), 3 (G3) and 5 (G5) were administered 0.9% saline solution (NaCl) IM, IVU and IV, respectively, whereas groups 2 (G2), 4 (G4) and 6 (G6) were treated with oxytocin IM, IVU and IV, respectively. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater number of intra-partum stillbirths (IPS) for the oxytocin treatments, as compared with the control groups, especially with the IVU and IV routes; a lesser number of IPS and lesser IPS with broken umbilical cords was observed with the IM administration route. Oxytocin and control IV administration resulted in longer farrowing durations. Administration of IV-oxytocin resulted in a greater number (P < 0.05) of intrauterine distressed neonates compared with its corresponding control and interpreted through dips II, a fetal cardiac frequency deceleration which determines acute fetal suffering. Independent of the route of oxytocin administration, the treatments resulted in twice as many dips II compared with the respective control groups. The use of the cardiotocograph proved to be an excellent tool for establishing the oxytocin response dose in farrowing sows. A greater number of piglets born alive, which had undergone bradycardia, also showed severe acidosis and greater meconium staining in oxytocin-treated sows, indicating that the administration time (at birth of the first piglet) as well as the dosage used were not adequate treatment regimens in the present study. Further studies will be conducted to evaluate different dosages and oxytocin administration timing to determine the most desirable treatment regimen to increase myometrial contractibility without compromising fetal welfare and neonatal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Ethology and Pig Production Laboratory, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Coyoacán. 04960, México D.F., México
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13
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Abstract
After exposure to asphyxia, infants may develop both prolonged, clinically evident seizures and shorter, clinically silent seizures; however, their effect on cerebral tissue oxygenation is unclear. We therefore examined the hypothesis that the increase in oxygen delivery during postasphyxial seizures might be insufficient to meet the needs of increased metabolism, thus causing a fall in tissue oxygenation, in unanesthetized near-term fetal sheep in utero (gestational age 125+/-1 days). Fetuses were administered an infusion of the specific adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, followed by 10 mins of asphyxia induced by complete umbilical cord occlusion. The fetuses then recovered for 3 days. Sixty-one episodes of electrophysiologically defined seizures were identified in five fetuses. Tissue PO(2) (tPO(2)) did not change significantly during short seizures (<3.5 mins), 5.2+/-0.2 versus baseline 5.6+/-0.1 mm Hg (NS), but fell to 2.2+/-0.2 mm Hg during seizures lasting more than 3.5 mins (P<0.001). During prolonged seizures, cortical blood flow did not begin to increase until tPO(2) had begun to fall, and then rose more slowly than the increase in metabolism, with a widening of the brain to blood temperature gradient. In conclusion, in the immature brain, during prolonged, but not short seizures, there is a transient mismatch between cerebral blood flow and metabolism leading to significant cerebral deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Gonzalez
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica, Chile
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14
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Mota-Rojas D, Rosales AM, Trujillo ME, Orozco H, Ramírez R, Alonso-Spilsbury M. The effects of vetrabutin chlorhydrate and oxytocin on stillbirth rate and asphyxia in swine. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1889-97. [PMID: 15963559 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin and vetrabutin chlorhydrate (VC) are used to reduce the duration of farrowing in swine. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of these products on intra-partum stillbirth (IPS) rate and asphyxia. At the onset of parturition, sows (n=180) were allocated to receive 2 mL of saline (control group), oxytocin (40 IU i.m.) or 100mg of VC per 60 kg of body weight, with all treatments given i.m. Oytocin-treated sows had a higher number of IPS than the VC and Control groups (means, 1.2, 0.8 and 0.6, respectively; P<0.001), and the highest percentage of ruptured umbilical cords (76.0, 9.4 and 37.5%; P<0.003). There were differences among groups for duration of farrowing (means, 163.0, 211.2 and 306.9 min in the oxytocin, VC and control groups; P<0.001), interval between piglets (13.9, 19.2 and 28.1 min; P<0.001), and in IPS, the incidence of ruptured umbilical cords was 76.0, 9.4 and 37.5% (P<0.003) and absence of a fetal heartbeat was 53.3, 16.9 and 12.5% (P<0.05). Although oxytocin decreased both duration of farrowing and interval between piglets by approximately 50% relative to control sows, it resulted in a significantly higher rate of IPS, in association with a much higher incidence of ruptured umbilical cord and absence of a fetal heartbeat. Treatment with VC reduced farrowing duration by approximately 1.5h, with an IPS rate that was not significantly different from controls but significantly lower than that of oxytocin-treated sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mota-Rojas
- Area de Ecodesarrollo de la Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Etología y Producción Porcina, Depto. de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calz. del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, México, DF 04960, Mexico
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15
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O'Halloran KD, McGuire M, O'Hare T, MacDermott M, Bradford A. Upper airway EMG responses to acute hypoxia and asphyxia are impaired in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2004; 138:301-8. [PMID: 14609518 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a major clinical disorder that is characterised by multiple episodes of upper airway obstruction due to failure of the upper airway dilator muscles to maintain upper airway patency. The incidence of OSA is high in many endocrine disorders including both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes but the reasons for this are not known. We wished to test the hypothesis that central respiratory motor output to the upper airway muscles is preferentially impaired in a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Sternohyoid (SH) and diaphragm (DIA) EMG activities were recorded in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats during normoxia, hypoxia (7.5% O2 in N2) and asphyxia (7.5% O2 and 3% CO2) under pentobarbitone anaesthesia. SH EMG responses to acute hypoxia and asphyxia were significantly impaired in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to control animals (+47.1 +/- 5.7 vs. +11.7 +/- 1.9% during hypoxia in control and diabetic animals respectively and +56.5 +/- 7.9 vs. +15.7 +/- 5.0% during asphyxia). However, DIA EMG responses to hypoxia and asphyxia were not different for the two groups. We propose that the higher prevalence of OSA in diabetic patients is related to preferential impairment of cranial motor output to the dilator muscles of the upper airway in response to physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D O'Halloran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University College Dublin, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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16
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Ludders JW. Another reader opposing thoracic compression for avian euthanasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:1721. [PMID: 11394815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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17
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Abstract
Asphyxia during delivery is considered a main cause of stillbirth in pigs, but piglets suffering from intermittent asphyxia during delivery are also less viable at birth and less prone to adapt to extrauterine life. In an effort to improve pig viability, one attractive solution would be to increase oxygen supply through oxygen inhalation by the newborn pig. The objective of this study was to test effects of oxygen inhalation immediately after birth on various physiological parameters and piglet survival. The experiment was performed on 252 Piétrain x Large White piglets, half of them reoxygenated immediately after birth. They were maintained during 20 min in a chamber where oxygen concentration was monitored at 40% and were then put back with the sow and the control pigs. Oxygen inhalation affected piglet metabolism. Through stimulation of oxidative metabolism (reduction of circulating levels of lactate) and lowering of the level of postnatal hypothermia (particularly for the lightest pigs), oxygen inhalation increased piglet viability and reduced mortality during the 1st d of life by 75% (2 vs 8%). No additional effects were observed during the following days and overall mortality between birth and weaning at 21 d was reduced from 12 to 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Herpin
- INRA Unité Mixte de Recherches sur le Veau et le Porc, St-Gilles, France.
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18
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Coenen AM, Drinkenburg WH, Hoenderken R, van Luijtelaar EL. Carbon dioxide euthanasia in rats: oxygen supplementation minimizes signs of agitation and asphyxia. Lab Anim 1995; 29:262-8. [PMID: 7564209 DOI: 10.1258/002367795781088289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper records the effects of carbon dioxide when used for euthanasia, on behaviour, electrical brain activity and heart rate in rats. Four different methods were used. Animals were placed in a box (a) that was completely filled with carbon dioxide; (b) into which carbon dioxide was streamed at a high flow rate; (c) into which carbon dioxide was streamed at a low flow rate and (d) into which a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen was streamed at a fast rate. It was found that the cessation of behaviour was associated with an aberrant pattern of electrical brain activity together with an abnormally low heart rate. The time to reach this point was shortest in those animals placed in the box filled with pure carbon dioxide, longer when carbon dioxide was introduced at a high rate into the box, longer still when oxygen was added to the carbon dioxide gas, and longest when carbon dioxide was streamed slowly into the box. In the condition with pure carbon dioxide, signs of behavioural agitation and asphyxia were seen. This was also true for the two conditions in which carbon dioxide streamed into the box, but to a lesser degree. These signs occurred when some degree of consciousness may still have been present in the animals. Signs of agitation and asphyxia were almost completely absent in the condition where oxygen was added to the carbon dioxide. These results not only demonstrate the usefulness of behavioural criteria next to electrophysiological indices, but also demonstrate that the negative effects of carbon dioxide euthanasia can be prevented by an additional supply of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Coenen
- NICI, Department of Psychology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
Chaetophractus villosus is able to maintain efficient respiratory movements when its nostrils are experimentally covered with soil. Under these conditions, a progressive bradycardia develops. It would depend on hypothermia and asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Casanave
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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20
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Abstract
Recognition of the risk factors that predispose the neonate to disease should prompt early diagnosis of potential disease problems and lead to a higher rate of neonatal survival. Understanding the normal physiologic changes of this adaptive period provides insight into the problems that may develop and a basis for rational therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Adams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Glass
- Avon Districts Agricultural Centre, Department of Agriculture, Northam, Western Australia
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23
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Abstract
The following unusual diseases were diagnosed in birds submitted to the Veterinary Research Institute, Victoria, between 1978 and 1987: the viral diseases beak and feather disease of psittacines, infectious laryngotracheitis in peafowls, a papovavirus-like inclusion body disease in psittacines, and pox; chlamydiosis; the bacterial diseases actinomycosis, listeriosis and mycobacteriosis; the fungal diseases favus, yeast infections and systemic zygomycosis; the protozoan diseases cryptosporidiosis, hexamitiasis, suspected leucocytozoonosis, sarcosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, trichomoniasis and an unidentified protozoan-like organism which caused pneumonia in ducks; a variety of parasites; the metabolic disorders curled-toe paralysis in pheasant poults, encephalomalacia and parenchymatous goitre; toxicity due to dimetridazole and the ingestion of the leaves of the tobacco tree; and other non-infectious conditions including asphyxiation, burns, cataracts, cerebellar degeneration and atrophy, cystic right oviducts and exertional rhabdomyolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Reece
- Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Veterinary Research Institute, Attwood, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Butterworth S, Jones J. Sudden death in a cow. Vet Rec 1992; 130:19. [PMID: 1539439 DOI: 10.1136/vr.130.1.19-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Sudden death in a recently calved heifer. Vet Rec 1991; 129:535. [PMID: 1788922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Marsh P, Curwen A. Sudden death in a recently calved heifer. Vet Rec 1991; 129:495. [PMID: 1819873 DOI: 10.1136/vr.129.22.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Clark MA, Sandusky GE. Entrapment of a cat in a new-style pet food container. J Forensic Sci 1991; 36:615-7. [PMID: 2066737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although many regulations exist to protect human consumers from hazardous products, there are no comparable safeguards for products intended for pet use. The authors describe a case in which a new-style cat food container presented a hazard to pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Clark
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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28
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Pickel M, Zaremba W, Grunert E. [Comparison of arterial and venous blood gas and acid-base values in prematurely born healthy calves or calves with a late asphyxia]. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1989; 36:653-63. [PMID: 2514525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The arterial and venous blood gas and acid-base values of 44 calves delivered by caesarean section before term were examined during the first seven days of life. The newborns were divided into two groups based on clinical observations during the first hour of life, the blood pH and the base deficit: Group 1: 30 calves without respiratory distress syndrome (vital, non-asphyxial); they did not develop any diseases in the course of the experiment. Group 2: 14 calves with respiratory distress syndrome (asphyxial); 9 of these animals died in the course of the experiment. The blood gas and acid-base parameters (blood pH, base deficit, pCO2, pO2) measured in venous blood of the calves without respiratory distress syndrome (group 1) were similar to those cited in the literature for calves delivered at term. Among the calves that had survived respiratory distress syndrome, significantly decreased blood pH and increased base deficit values were found in both venous and arterial blood even on the third day after birth. Differences in pCO2 and pO2 were, however, no longer statistically significant between the two groups after 24 hours of life. For blood pH, base deficit, and pCO2 significant correlations were consistently found between the values in venous blood and the corresponding values in arterial blood in vital (non-asphyxial) calves. Due to the considerably smaller number of animals significant correlations between these parameters were less frequent in asphyxial calves, although some of the correlation coefficients were higher than in the vital calves. Experimentally induced influences and animal variation made the corresponding pO2-values of venous and arterial blood in both test groups less unequivocal. The analysis of arterial blood gas and acid-base parameters was not more conclusive than the analysis of venous blood regarding diagnosis and prognosis of respiratory distress syndrome. The blood pH and base deficit seemed to be the most suitable parameters to evaluate the severeness of the disease.
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29
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30
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Bide RW, Dorward WJ. Excess rumen product anions in cattle. II. Toxic and lethal effects with butyrate. Can J Comp Med 1983; 47:230-4. [PMID: 6883190 PMCID: PMC1235922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity to butyrate was observed in 100-250 kg male Holstein calves following intravenous injection of 0.7-3.6 mmole/kg body weight, intravenous infusion with 0.12-0.53 mmole/min/kg body weight and intraruminal dosage with 19.4 mmole/kg body weight butyrate. Lower doses produced ataxia and serous nasal discharge. Higher doses produced sudden flaccid paralysis and death from asphyxia. No postmortem lesions, gross or histological, were observed. Plasma K+ was reduced to 2.2-2.5 mEq/L. When infusions were stopped, rapid recovery preceded clearance of butyrate and low K+ remained. Nerve depolarization in the central nervous system may be the cause of the toxic effects. Butyrate acidosis is suggested as a factor in unexplained sudden deaths in ruminants.
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31
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Eigenmann UJ, Rüdiger B, Schoon HA, Grunert E. [Sodiumbicarbonate and glucose treatment for asphyxial calves]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1982; 89:228-34. [PMID: 6290169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Stauffer VD. Poison caused by ingestion of chokecherry leaves in a dog. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1981; 76:1573. [PMID: 6277077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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33
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Kerr LA, Edwards WC. Japanese yew: a toxic ornamental shrub. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1981; 76:1339-40. [PMID: 6916558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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34
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Eigenmann UJ, Grunert E, Köppe U. ["Delayed asphyxia" of calves]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1981; 94:249-54. [PMID: 7295280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Szenci O, Törös I, Sári A. Changes of acid-base balance in Holstein-Friesian calves during the first two days after birth. Acta Vet Acad Sci Hung 1981; 29:143-151. [PMID: 6805268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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36
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Aguggini G, Clement MG, Davies A. Unusual response of anaesthetised pigs to asphyxia. Res Vet Sci 1979; 26:267-72. [PMID: 515513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vagosympathectomy, asphyxia, hypoxia and hypercapnia on the breathing of anaesthetised pigs are described. Vagosympathectomy caused changes in cardiovascular variables and in the pattern of breathing characteristic of the loss of stretch receptor activity. After vagosympathectomy the linear relationship between tI and tE was abolished. Hypoxia in intact animals produced changes in minute ventilation by peripheral chemoreceptor drive. When this drive was removed by vagosympathectomy the central depressing effects of hypoxia were revealed as a slowing of breathing and reduction in minute volume. The central depressing effect of hypoxia on respiration was very potent in the pig and very clearly seen in asphyxia. Vagosympathectomy caused a reduction in frequency of breathing and respiratory arrest occurred when a dead space of only moderate size was used. Breathing slowed from the moment of connection of the dead space to produce respiratory arrest within 2 min. The pig lung has been considered similar to the human lung on morphometric and physiological grounds but these results show that there are very important species differences in response to asphyxia.
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37
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Abstract
During a survey of preweaning mortality 538 piglets which died between birth and weaning were autopsied. The results of laboratory examinations permitted a division of the findings into a number of syndromes which were considered to be associated with the immediate cause of death. The non-infectious conditions such as trauma, starvation and suffocation were the most common. Seventy-eight piglets were included in the trauma group because of depressed cranial bone fractures or visceral rupture leading to haemorrhage into the serous cavities. An absence of alimentary tract contents was detected in each of the 92 cases of starvation, fatty metamorphosis of the liver was found in 28 while the hepatocyte cytoplasm of the remainder stained uniformally. Cyanosis and visceral congestion and haemorrhage were the main features observed in the 159 deaths ascribed to suffocation. Bacterial septicaemias and infections with enterotoxic strains of E. coli were the most prevalent infectious conditions. E. coli and beta haemolytic streptococci were the most common causes of septicaemia, being isolated from 36 and 25 cases, respectively. The post-mortem findings in these cases were non-specific except for fibrinous polyserositis which was observed in 11 of the carcasses from which E. coli was recovered. Twenty-six piglets yielded E. coli in heavy pure culture from the upper small intestine and the most common serogroup involved was 08. Encephalomyocarditis virus infection was associated with the deaths of 19 piglets. Pathologically, it was characterised by myocardial degeneration and a variable influx of mononuclear inflammatory cells. No significant lesions were found in 41 piglets.
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38
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Coulter DB, Duncan RJ, Sander PD. Effects of asphyxia and potassium on canine and feline electrocardiograms. Can J Comp Med 1975; 39:442-9. [PMID: 1175078 PMCID: PMC1277494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of asphyxia and potassium on the electrocardiogram (ECG), lead II, were recorded from dogs and cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and halothane. Electrocardiographic recordings were made during control periods, during asphyxia (occluded endotracheal tube), during infusion of an isotonic KCl solution and during infusion of an isotonic NaCl solution. Arterial and venous blood gas partial pressures (PaCO2, PvCO2, PaO2 and and PvO2), plasma Na+ and K+ concentrations, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were measured during control periods, asphyxia and during the periods of infusion. The vagi were severed to assess the effect of vagal tone on the ECG changes. The characteristic ECG changes during asphyxia and the electrolyte imbalances resulting from infusion of isotonic KCl and NaCl were determined during sodium pentobarbital and halothane anesthesia in both dogs and cats. The combination of halothane and high PCO2 caused cardiac arrhythmias. Spontaneous recovery from ventricular fibrillation, as a result of hyperkalemia, was recorded from cats. Disappearance of the P waves, which is characteristic of hyperkalemia, was infrequent in this study and the U waves associated with hypokalemia were not found. Severing the vagi did not alter the ECG changes characteristic of asphyxia, hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. It was found that asphyxia and infusion of fluids high or low in potassium can produce ECG changes in both dogs and cats that can be correlated with blood gas partial pressure changes or plasma potassium concentrations.
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39
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Mikeska JA, Klemm WR. EEG evaluation of humaneness of asphyxia and decapitation euthanasia of the laboratory rat. Lab Anim Sci 1975; 25:175-9. [PMID: 1169659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The relative humaneness of asphyxia and decapitation was objectively evaluated in rats by EEG monitoring. EEG activation (low voltage, fast activity) was considered to indicate discomfort, pain, and affective responses to euthansia. Such activation was present 37.3 plus or minus 7.5 sec after asphyxia and 13.6 plus or minus 4,6 sec after decapitation. Decapitation was also characterized by an immediate large, and relatively long-lasting, ultra-slow voltage, detected by non-polarizable scalp electrodes. Isoelectric activity (death) occurred 69.4 plus or minus 9.9 sec after onset of asphyxia and 27.2 plus or minus 4.4 sec after decapitation.
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40
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Ammann H, Berchtold M, Schneider F. [Blood-gas and acid-base-relationships in normal and asphyxial calves]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1974; 87:66-8. [PMID: 4814712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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Gunnarsson K, Jacobson SO, Möllerberg L. [Mortality and necropsy findings in lambs from some Swedish sheep farms]. Nord Vet Med 1972; 24:473-83. [PMID: 4677565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Coulter DB, Engen RL. Differentiation of electrocardiographic changes due to asphyxia and to hyperpotassemia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1972; 160:1419-22. [PMID: 5023159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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