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Zhu F, Lu X, Jiang Y, Wang D, Pan L, Jia C, Zhang L, Xie Y, Zhao M, Liu H, Wang M, Wang T, Liu H, Li J. Proteomics reveals the underlying mechanism by which the first uneven division affects embryonic development in pig. Theriogenology 2023; 210:42-52. [PMID: 37473595 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the most typical abnormal cleavage patterns during early embryonic development is uneven division, but the first uneven division of pig zygote is common. Uneven division results in different daughter cell sizes and an uneven distribution of organelles such as lipid droplet, mitochondria, but the developmental capacity of daughter cells and proteomic changes of daughter cells are still unclear. Therefore, the developmental ability and proteomic quantification were investigated on blastomeres from even division (ED) or uneven division (UD) embryos at 2-cell stage in the present study. Firstly, the developmental ability was affected by the blastomeric size, when compared with medium blastomeres (MBs), the large blastomeres (LBs) with the higher cleavage rate but the small blastomeres (SBs) with the lower rate was observed. Subsequently, proteomic analysis was performed on blastomeres of LBs, MBs and SBs, a total of 109 DEPs were detected, which were involved in protein metabolism and processing, energy metabolism and ribosome. In particular, DEPs in LBs vs. SBs were focused on RNA binding and actin cytoskeletal tissue. Two protein-dense networks associated with RNA binding and cytoskeleton were revealed by further protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of DEPs in LBs vs. SBs, that DDX1 related to RNA binding and ACTB related to cytoskeleton were confirmed in UD embryos. Therefore, a briefly information of DEPs in blastomeres of 2-cell stage pig embryos was described in the present study, and it further confirmed that the formation of uneven division of the first cell cycle of pig embryos might be controlled by the cytoskeleton; the developmental capacity of daughter cells might be affected by the energy metabolism, RNA binding and ribosome, and further account for the developmental potential of the whole embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Dayu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Linqing Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Chao Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Jiangsu Yangyu Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd, Taixing, 225400, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Taixing Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Center, Taixing, 225400, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Tingzhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210018, China.
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Ikawa Y, Wakai T, Funahashi H, Soe TH, Watanabe K, Ohtsuki T. Photo-dependent cytosolic delivery of shRNA into a single blastomere in a mouse embryo. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13050. [PMID: 37567923 PMCID: PMC10421928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell-specific delivery of small RNAs, such as short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and small noncoding RNAs, allows us to elucidate the roles of specific upregulation of RNA expression and RNAi-mediated gene suppression in early embryo development. The photoinduced cytosolic dispersion of RNA (PCDR) method that we previously reported can introduce small RNAs into the cytosol of photoirradiated cells and enable RNA delivery into a single-cell in a spatiotemporally specific manner. However, the PCDR method has only been applied to planer cultured cells and not to embryos. This study demonstrated that the PCDR method can be utilized for photo-dependent cytosolic shRNA delivery into a single blastomere and for single blastomere-specific RNA interference in mouse embryos. Our results indicate that PCDR is a promising approach for studying the developmental process of early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ikawa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Wakai
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Funahashi
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tet Htut Soe
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazunori Watanabe
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Orvieto R, Jonish-Grossman A, Maydan SA, Noach-Hirsh M, Dratviman-Storobinsky O, Aizer A. Cleavage-stage human embryo arrest, is it embryo genetic composition or others? Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:52. [PMID: 35300691 PMCID: PMC8928691 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo transfer is a crucial step in IVF cycle, with increasing trend during the last decade of transferring a single embryo, preferably at the blastocyst stage. Despite increasing evidence supporting Day 5 blastocyst-stage transfer, the optimal day of embryo transfer remains controversial. The crucial questions are therefore, whether the mechanisms responsible to embryos arrest are embryo aneuploidy or others, and whether those embryos arrested in-vitro between the cleavage to the blastocyst stage would survive in-vivo if transferred on the cleavage-stage. We therefore aim to explore whether aneuploidy can directly contribute to embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Thirty Day-5 embryos, that their Day-3 blastomere biopsy revealed a single-gene defect, were donated by 10 couples undergoing preimplantation genetic testing treatment at our center. Affected high quality Day-3 embryos were cultured to Day-5, and were classified to those that developed to the blastocyst-stage and those that were arrested. Each embryo underwent whole genome amplification. Eighteen (60%) embryos were arrested, did not develop to the blastocyst stage and 12 (40%) have developed to the blastocyst stage. Nineteen embryos (63.3%) were found to be euploid. Of them, 12 (66.6%) were arrested embryos and 7 (58.3%) were those that developed to the blastocyst-stage. These figures were not statistically different (p = 0.644). Our observation demonstrated that the mechanism responsible to embryos arrest in vitro is not embryo aneuploidy, but rather other, such as culture conditions. If further studies will confirm that Day-5 blastocyst transfer might cause losses of embryos that would have been survived in vivo, cleavage-stage embryo transfer would be the preferred timing. This might reduce the cycle cancellations due to failure of embryo to develop to the blastocyst stage and will provide the best cumulative live birth-rate per started cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Orvieto
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), 56261, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- The Tarnesby-Tarnowski Chair for Family Planning and Fertility Regulation, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Anat Jonish-Grossman
- Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, 56261, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Avhar Maydan
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), 56261, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meirav Noach-Hirsh
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), 56261, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Olga Dratviman-Storobinsky
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), 56261, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Adva Aizer
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), 56261, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Özgüç Ö, de Plater L, Kapoor V, Tortorelli AF, Clark AG, Maître JL. Cortical softening elicits zygotic contractility during mouse preimplantation development. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001593. [PMID: 35324889 PMCID: PMC8982894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin contractility is a major engine of preimplantation morphogenesis, which starts at the 8-cell stage during mouse embryonic development. Contractility becomes first visible with the appearance of periodic cortical waves of contraction (PeCoWaCo), which travel around blastomeres in an oscillatory fashion. How contractility of the mouse embryo becomes active remains unknown. We have taken advantage of PeCoWaCo to study the awakening of contractility during preimplantation development. We find that PeCoWaCo become detectable in most embryos only after the second cleavage and gradually increase their oscillation frequency with each successive cleavage. To test the influence of cell size reduction during cleavage divisions, we use cell fusion and fragmentation to manipulate cell size across a 20- to 60-μm range. We find that the stepwise reduction in cell size caused by cleavage divisions does not explain the presence of PeCoWaCo or their accelerating rhythm. Instead, we discover that blastomeres gradually decrease their surface tensions until the 8-cell stage and that artificially softening cells enhances PeCoWaCo prematurely. We further identify the programmed down-regulation of the formin Fmnl3 as a required event to soften the cortex and expose PeCoWaCo. Therefore, during cleavage stages, cortical softening, mediated by Fmnl3 down-regulation, awakens zygotic contractility before preimplantation morphogenesis. During preimplantation morphogenesis, the mouse embryo relies on forces generated by the actomyosin cytoskeleton. This study uncovers how periodic actomyosin contractions increase in frequency during cleavage stages as blastomeres soften with each cleavage division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Özgüç
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Ludmilla de Plater
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Varun Kapoor
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Anna Francesca Tortorelli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Andrew G. Clark
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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5
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Komatsu M, Tsukahara H, Bai H, Takahashi M, Wakai T, Kawahara M. Cell-cycle dependent GATA2 subcellular localization in mouse 2-cell embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 584:1-6. [PMID: 34741809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
GATA factors are essential transcription factors for embryonic development that broadly control the transcription of other genes. This study aimed to examine GATA2 protein localization in mouse embryos at the 2-cell stage, when drastic transformation in gene expression occurs for subsequent development in early embryos. We first analyzed GATA2 localization in 2-cell embryos at the interphase and mitotic phases by immunofluorescence analysis. In the interphase, GATA2 protein was localized in the nucleus, as a common transcription factor. In the mitotic phase, GATA2 protein was observed as a focally-aggregated spot around the nucleus of each blastomere. To explore the relationship between GATA2 protein localization and cell cycle progression in mouse 2-cell stage embryos, GFP-labeled GATA2 protein was overexpressed in the blastomere of 2-cell embryos. Overexpression of GFP-labeled GATA2 protein arrested cellular mitosis, focally aggregated GATA2 protein expression was not observed. This mitotic arrest by GATA2 overexpression was not accompanied with the upregulation of a 2-cell stage specific gene, murine endogenous retrovirus-L. These results suggest that GATA2 protein localization changes dynamically depending on cell cycle progression in mouse 2-cell embryos; in particular, focally aggregated localization of GATA2 in the mitotic phase requires appropriate cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Komatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsukahara
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hanako Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources/Global Center for Food, Land and Water Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takuya Wakai
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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6
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McKeegan PJ, Boardman SF, Wanless AA, Boyd G, Warwick LJ, Lu J, Gnanaprabha K, Picton HM. Intracellular oxygen metabolism during bovine oocyte and preimplantation embryo development. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21245. [PMID: 34711892 PMCID: PMC8553752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel method to profile intrcellular oxygen concentration (icO2) during in vitro mammalian oocyte and preimplantation embryo development using a commercially available multimodal phosphorescent nanosensor (MM2). Abattoir-derived bovine oocytes and embryos were incubated with MM2 in vitro. A series of inhibitors were applied during live-cell multiphoton imaging to record changes in icO2 associated with mitochondrial processes. The uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) uncouples mitochondrial oxygen consumption to its maximum, while antimycin inhibits complex III to ablate mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Increasing oxygen consumption was expected to reduce icO2 and decreasing oxygen consumption to increase icO2. Use of these inhibitors quantifies how much oxygen is consumed at basal in comparison to the upper and lower limits of mitochondrial function. icO2 measurements were compared to mitochondrial DNA copy number analysed by qPCR. Antimycin treatment increased icO2 for all stages tested, suggesting significant mitochondrial oxygen consumption at basal. icO2 of oocytes and preimplantation embryos were unaffected by FCCP treatment. Inner cell mass icO2 was lower than trophectoderm, perhaps reflecting limitations of diffusion. Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were similar between stages in the range 0.9-4 × 106 copies and did not correlate with icO2. These results validate the MM2 probe as a sensitive, non-toxic probe of intracellular oxygen concentration in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J McKeegan
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Selina F Boardman
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- CARE Fertility, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Amy A Wanless
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Assisted Conception Unit, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Grace Boyd
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, England, UK
| | - Laura J Warwick
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, England, UK
| | - Jianping Lu
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Keerthi Gnanaprabha
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- GCRM Fertility, 21 Fifty Pitches Way, Glasgow, G51 4FD, Scotland, UK
| | - Helen M Picton
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Israel S, Drexler HCA, Fuellen G, Boiani M. The COP9 signalosome subunit 3 is necessary for early embryo survival by way of a stable protein deposit in mouse oocytes. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaab048. [PMID: 34264319 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of genes required in early mammalian development are complicated by protein deposits of maternal products, which continue to operate after the gene locus has been disrupted. This leads to delayed phenotypic manifestations and underestimation of the number of genes known to be needed during the embryonic phase of cellular totipotency. Here we expose a critical role of the gene Cops3 by showing that it protects genome integrity during the 2-cell stage of mouse development, in contrast to the previous functional assignment at postimplantation. This new role is mediated by a substantial deposit of protein (94th percentile of the proteome), divided between an exceptionally stable cortical rim, which is prevalent in oocytes, and an ancillary deposit in the embryonic nuclei. Since protein abundance and stability defeat prospects of DNA- or RNA-based gene inactivation in oocytes, we harnessed a classical method next to an emerging method for protein inactivation: antigen masking (for functional inhibition) versus TRIM21-mediated proteasomal degradation, also known as 'Trim away' (for physical removal). Both resulted in 2-cell embryo lethality, unlike the embryos receiving anti-green fluorescent protein. Comparisons between COPS3 protein-targeted and non-targeted embryos revealed large-scale transcriptome differences, which were most evident for genes associated with biological functions critical for RNA metabolism and for the preservation of genome integrity. The gene expression abnormalities associated with COPS3 inactivation were confirmed in situ by the occurrence of DNA endoreduplication and DNA strand breaks in 2-cell embryos. These results recruit Cops3 to the small family of genes that are necessary for early embryo survival. Overall, assigning genes with roles in embryogenesis may be less safe than assumed, if the protein products of these genes accumulate in oocytes: the inactivation of a gene at the protein level can expose an earlier phenotype than that identified by genetic techniques such as conventional gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hannes C A Drexler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research (IBIMA), Rostock, Germany
| | - Michele Boiani
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
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Yu B, van Tol HTA, Stout TAE, Roelen BAJ. Reverse transcription priming methods affect normalisation choices for gene expression levels in oocytes and early embryos. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6307270. [PMID: 34152407 PMCID: PMC8314208 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes and embryos rely exclusively on maternal mRNAs to accomplish early developmental processes. Since oocytes and early embryos are transcriptionally silent after meiotic resumption, most of the synthesised maternal mRNA does not undergo immediate translation but is instead stored in the oocyte. Quantitative RT-PCR is commonly used to quantify mRNA levels, and correct quantification relies on reverse transcription and the choice of reference genes. Different methods for reverse transcription may affect gene expression determination in oocytes. In this study, we examined the suitability of either random or oligo(dT) primers for reverse transcription to be used for quantitative RT-PCR. We further looked for changes in poly(A) length of the maternal mRNAs during oocyte maturation. Our data indicate that depending on the method of reverse transcription, the optimal combination of reference genes for normalisation differed. Surprisingly, we observed a shortening of the poly(A) tail lengths of maternal mRNA as oocytes progressed from germinal vesicle to metaphase II. Overall, our findings suggest dynamic maternal regulation of mRNA structure and gene expression during oocyte maturation and early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helena T A van Tol
- Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Equine Sciences, Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard A J Roelen
- Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology, Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence address. Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology, Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9512-4708
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Pisko J, Špirková A, Čikoš Š, Olexiková L, Kovaříková V, Šefčíková Z, Fabian D. Apoptotic cells in mouse blastocysts are eliminated by neighbouring blastomeres. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9228. [PMID: 33927296 PMCID: PMC8085119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a physiological process that occurs commonly during the development of the preimplantation embryo. The present work examines the ability of apoptotic embryonic cells to express a signal promoting their phagocytosis, and quantifies the ability of neighbouring, normal embryonic cells to perform that task. Microscopic analysis of mouse blastocysts revealed phosphatidylserine externalization to be 10 times less common than incidence of apoptotic cells (as detected by TUNEL). In spite of the low frequency of phosphatidylserine-flipping (in inner cell mass, no annexin V staining was recorded), fluorescence staining of the plasma membrane showed more than 20% of apoptotic cells to have been engulfed by neighbouring blastomeres. The mean frequency of apoptotic cells escaping phagocytosis by their extrusion into blastocyst cavities did not exceed 10%. Immunochemically visualised RAC1 (an enzyme important in actin cytoskeleton rearrangement) was seen in phagosome-like structures containing a nucleus with a condensed morphology. Gene transcript analysis showed that the embryonic cells expressed 12 receptors likely involved in phagocytic process (Scarf1, Msr1, Cd36, Itgav, Itgb3, Cd14, Scarb1, Cd44, Stab1, Adgrb1, Cd300lf, Cd93). In conclusion, embryonic cells possess all the necessary mechanisms for recognising, engulfing and digesting apoptotic cells, ensuring the clearance of most dying blastomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Pisko
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Špirková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Štefan Čikoš
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Olexiková
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41, Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Kovaříková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Šefčíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Fabian
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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10
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Wang G, Li C, He S, Liu Z. Mosaic CRISPR-stop enables rapid phenotyping of nonsense mutations in essential genes. Development 2021; 148:dev196899. [PMID: 33558388 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-stop converts protein-coding sequences into stop codons, which, in the appropriate location, results in a null allele. CRISPR-stop induction in one-cell-stage zygotes generates Founder 0 (F0) mice that are homozygous mutants; this avoids mouse breeding and serves as a rapid screening approach for nonlethal genes. However, loss of function of 25% of mammalian genes causes early lethality. Here, we induced CRISPR-stop in one of the two blastomeres of the zygote, a method we name mosaic CRISPR-stop, to produce mosaic Atoh1 and Sox10 F0 mice; these mice not only survived longer than regular Atoh1/Sox10 knockout mice but also displayed their recognized cochlear phenotypes. Moreover, by using mosaic CRISPR-stop, we uncovered a previously unknown role of another lethal gene, Rbm24, in the survival of cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs), and we further validated the importance of Rbm24 in OHCs by using our Rbm24 conditional knockout model. Together, our results demonstrated that mosaic CRISPR-stop is reliable and rapid, and we believe this method will facilitate rapid genetic screening of developmentally lethal genes in the mouse inner ear and also in other organs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Blastomeres/cytology
- Blastomeres/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- Codon, Nonsense
- Codon, Terminator
- Genes, Essential/genetics
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/cytology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- SOXE Transcription Factors/deficiency
- SOXE Transcription Factors/genetics
- Zygote/cytology
- Zygote/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shunji He
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China
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11
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Rosàs-Canyelles E, Modzelewski AJ, Geldert A, He L, Herr AE. Multimodal detection of protein isoforms and nucleic acids from mouse pre-implantation embryos. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1062-1088. [PMID: 33452502 PMCID: PMC7954398 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although mammalian embryo development depends on critical protein isoforms that arise from embryo-specific nucleic acid modifications, the role of these isoforms is not yet clear. Challenges arise in measuring protein isoforms and nucleic acids from the same single embryos and blastomeres. Here we present a multimodal technique for performing same-embryo nucleic acid and protein isoform profiling (single-embryo nucleic acid and protein profiling immunoblot, or snapBlot). The method integrates protein isoform measurement by fractionation polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (fPAGE) with off-chip analysis of nucleic acids from the nuclei. Once embryos are harvested and cultured to the desired stage, they are sampled into the snapBlot device and subjected to fPAGE. After fPAGE, 'gel pallets' containing nuclei are excised from the snapBlot device for off-chip nucleic acid analyses. fPAGE and nuclei analyses are indexed to each starting sample, yielding same-embryo multimodal measurements. The entire protocol, including processing of samples and data analysis, takes 2-3 d. snapBlot is designed to help reveal the mechanisms by which embryo-specific nucleic acid modifications to both genomic DNA and messenger RNA orchestrate the growth and development of mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rosàs-Canyelles
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The University of California Berkeley and University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Modzelewski
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alisha Geldert
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The University of California Berkeley and University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lin He
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- The University of California Berkeley and University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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12
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Posfai E, Schell JP, Janiszewski A, Rovic I, Murray A, Bradshaw B, Yamakawa T, Pardon T, El Bakkali M, Talon I, De Geest N, Kumar P, To SK, Petropoulos S, Jurisicova A, Pasque V, Lanner F, Rossant J. Evaluating totipotency using criteria of increasing stringency. Nat Cell Biol 2021. [PMID: 33420491 DOI: 10.1101/2020.1103.1102.972893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to give rise to all of the differentiated cell types that build the conceptus, yet how to capture this property in vitro remains incompletely understood. Defining totipotency relies on a variety of assays of variable stringency. Here, we describe criteria to define totipotency. We explain how distinct criteria of increasing stringency can be used to judge totipotency by evaluating candidate totipotent cell types in mice, including early blastomeres and expanded or extended pluripotent stem cells. Our data challenge the notion that expanded or extended pluripotent states harbour increased totipotent potential relative to conventional embryonic stem cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Posfai
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - John Paul Schell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isidora Rovic
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Murray
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Bradshaw
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Yamakawa
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tine Pardon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mouna El Bakkali
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irene Talon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie De Geest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - San Kit To
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Petropoulos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Jurisicova
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Pasque
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Lin CY, Lu MYJ, Yue JX, Li KL, Le Pétillon Y, Yong LW, Chen YH, Tsai FY, Lyu YF, Chen CY, Hwang SPL, Su YH, Yu JK. Molecular asymmetry in the cephalochordate embryo revealed by single-blastomere transcriptome profiling. PLoS Genet 2021; 16:e1009294. [PMID: 33382716 PMCID: PMC7806126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in various animals have shown that asymmetrically localized maternal transcripts play important roles in axial patterning and cell fate specification in early embryos. However, comprehensive analyses of the maternal transcriptomes with spatial information are scarce and limited to a handful of model organisms. In cephalochordates (amphioxus), an early branching chordate group, maternal transcripts of germline determinants form a compact granule that is inherited by a single blastomere during cleavage stages. Further blastomere separation experiments suggest that other transcripts associated with the granule are likely responsible for organizing the posterior structure in amphioxus; however, the identities of these determinants remain unknown. In this study, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing of separated blastomeres to examine asymmetrically localized transcripts in two-cell and eight-cell stage embryos of the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae. We identified 111 and 391 differentially enriched transcripts at the 2-cell stage and the 8-cell stage, respectively, and used in situ hybridization to validate the spatial distribution patterns for a subset of these transcripts. The identified transcripts could be categorized into two major groups: (1) vegetal tier/germ granule-enriched and (2) animal tier/anterior-enriched transcripts. Using zebrafish as a surrogate model system, we showed that overexpression of one animal tier/anterior-localized amphioxus transcript, zfp665, causes a dorsalization/anteriorization phenotype in zebrafish embryos by downregulating the expression of the ventral gene, eve1, suggesting a potential function of zfp665 in early axial patterning. Our results provide a global transcriptomic blueprint for early-stage amphioxus embryos. This dataset represents a rich platform to guide future characterization of molecular players in early amphioxus development and to elucidate conservation and divergence of developmental programs during chordate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yi Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yeh Jade Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Xing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun-Lung Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann Le Pétillon
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luok Wen Yong
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lyu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ping L. Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Su
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-HS); (J-KY)
| | - Jr-Kai Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-HS); (J-KY)
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14
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Posfai E, Schell JP, Janiszewski A, Rovic I, Murray A, Bradshaw B, Yamakawa T, Pardon T, El Bakkali M, Talon I, De Geest N, Kumar P, To SK, Petropoulos S, Jurisicova A, Pasque V, Lanner F, Rossant J. Evaluating totipotency using criteria of increasing stringency. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:49-60. [PMID: 33420491 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to give rise to all of the differentiated cell types that build the conceptus, yet how to capture this property in vitro remains incompletely understood. Defining totipotency relies on a variety of assays of variable stringency. Here, we describe criteria to define totipotency. We explain how distinct criteria of increasing stringency can be used to judge totipotency by evaluating candidate totipotent cell types in mice, including early blastomeres and expanded or extended pluripotent stem cells. Our data challenge the notion that expanded or extended pluripotent states harbour increased totipotent potential relative to conventional embryonic stem cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Posfai
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - John Paul Schell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isidora Rovic
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Murray
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Bradshaw
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Yamakawa
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tine Pardon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mouna El Bakkali
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irene Talon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie De Geest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - San Kit To
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Petropoulos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Jurisicova
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Pasque
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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González-Brusi L, Algarra B, Moros-Nicolás C, Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Avilés M, Jiménez-Movilla M. A Comparative View on the Oviductal Environment during the Periconception Period. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1690. [PMID: 33348856 PMCID: PMC7766821 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oviduct plays important roles in reproductive events: sperm reservoir formation, final gamete maturation, fertilization and early embryo development. It is well known that the oviductal environment affects gametes and embryos and, ultimately, the health of offspring, so that in vivo embryos are better in terms of morphology, cryotolerance, pregnancy rates or epigenetic profile than those obtained in vitro. The deciphering of embryo-maternal interaction in the oviduct may provide a better understanding of the embryo needs during the periconception period to improve reproductive efficiency. Here, we perform a comparative analysis among species of oviductal gene expression related to embryonic development during its journey through the oviduct, as described to date. Cross-talk communication between the oviduct environment and embryo will be studied by analyses of the secreted or exosomal proteins of the oviduct and the presence of receptors in the membrane of the embryo blastomeres. Finally, we review the data that are available to date on the expression and characterization of the most abundant protein in the oviduct, oviductin (OVGP1), highlighting its fundamental role in fertilization and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Avilés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum and IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.-B.); (B.A.); (C.M.-N.); (M.J.I.-R.)
| | - Maria Jiménez-Movilla
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum and IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.-B.); (B.A.); (C.M.-N.); (M.J.I.-R.)
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16
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Dong YT, Feng HY, Tian XQ, Wang QL, Zhang SF, Ma KY, Qiu GF. Identification of a novel germ cell marker MnTdrd from the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Dev Genes Evol 2020; 231:11-19. [PMID: 33244643 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-020-00671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell-specific genes play an important role in establishing the reproductive system in sexual organisms and have been used as valuable markers for studying gametogenesis and sex differentiation. Previously, we isolated a vasa transcript as a germ cell marker to trace the origin and migration of germ cells in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Here, we identified a new germ cell-specific marker MnTdrd RNA and assessed its temporal and spatial expression during oogenesis and embryogenesis. MnTdrd transcripts were expressed in high abundance in unfertilized eggs and embryos at cleavage stage and then dropped significantly during late embryogenesis, suggesting that MnTdrd mRNA is maternally inherited. In situ hybridization of ovarian tissue showed that MnTdrd mRNA was initially present in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocyte and localized to the perinuclear region as the accumulation of yolk in vitellogenic oocyte. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of embryos showed that MnTdrd-positive signals were only localized in one blastomere until 16-cell stage. In the blastula, there were approximately 16 MnTdrd-positive blastomeres. During embryonized-zoea stage, the MnTdrd-positive cells aggregated as a cluster and migrated to the genital rudiment which would develop into primordial germ cells (PGCs). The localized expression pattern of MnTdrd transcripts resembled that of the previously identified germ cell marker vasa, supporting the preformation mode of germ cell specification. Therefore, we concluded that MnTdrd, together with vasa, is a component of the germ plasm and might have critical roles in germ cell formation and differentiation in the prawn. Thus, MnTdrd can be used as a novel germ cell marker to trace the origin and migration of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hai-Yang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qi-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ke-Yi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gao-Feng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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17
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Li M, Xue X, Shi J. High three pro-nuclei (3PN) zygotes proportion associated with normal embryo multinucleation at the two-cell stage: two cases report. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:1042-1044. [PMID: 32544013 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1779690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Blastomere multinucleation at the two-cell stage (MN2) is a common nuclear abnormality observed in early human embryos and known to decrease the implantation rate. The aim of this study is to explore whether or not there is a link between high 3PN zygotes proportion and MN2 incidence.Methods: For embryo culture in the conventional incubator, the evaluation of nuclear status of two-cell stage is usually not performed. Therefore, the MN2 phenomenon is easily ignored. The time-lapse monitoring system (TLS) offers a promising new method to evaluate embryo development. We reported two cases who had single 2PN zygote and more than four 3PN zygotes in the conventional in-vitro fertilization (c-IVF) cycle.Results: We observed the MN2 incidence in the single normal embryo by TLS which suggested that it might be resulted from high 3PN zygotes proportion incidence. No available embryo was obtained in the first c-IVF cycle and the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment was performed in the second cycle. In subsequent ICSI cycles, we observed no 3PN zygotes incidence and transferred two day 3 embryos for the patients. Finally, the two couples successfully obtained healthy babies.Conclusions: High 3PN zygotes proportion might be associated with the MN2 incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Li
- The ART Center, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Xue
- The ART Center, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Juanzi Shi
- The ART Center, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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18
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Horii T, Kobayashi R, Kimura M, Morita S, Hatada I. Calcium-Free and Cytochalasin B Treatment Inhibits Blastomere Fusion in 2-Cell Stage Embryos for the Generation of Floxed Mice via Sequential Electroporation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051088. [PMID: 32354036 PMCID: PMC7290713 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of conditional knockout mice using the Cre-loxP system is advantageous for the functional analysis of genes. Flanked by two loxP sites (floxed) mice can be directly obtained from fertilized eggs by the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. We previously reported that sequential knock-in (KI) of each loxP site by electroporation (EP) at the 1- and 2-cell embryonic stages increases the number of mice with floxed alleles compared with simultaneous KI. However, EP at the 2-cell stage frequently induced blastomere fusion. These fused embryos cannot develop to term because they are tetraploidized. In this study, we examined the following three conditions to inhibit blastomere fusion by EP at the 2-cell stage: (1) hypertonic treatment, (2) Calcium (Ca2+)-free treatment, and (3) actin polymerization inhibition. Hypertonic treatment of 2-cell stage embryos prevented blastomere fusion and facilitated blastocyst development; however, KI efficiency was decreased. Ca2+-free treatment and actin polymerization inhibition by cytochalasin B (CB) reduced fusion rate, and did not have negative effects on development and KI efficiency. These results suggest that Ca2+-free and CB treatment at the 2-cell stage is effective to generate floxed mice in combination with a sequential EP method.
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Abstract
Parthenogenesis, a unique form of reproduction, is normally inhibited in mammals and a human embryo with parthenogenetic origin is not considered capable of producing offspring. The aim of this report is to analyze a parthenogenetic oocyte retrieved from a patient so as to have a better understanding on parthenogenesis and causes of infertility. A 38-year-old woman presented at our center with a history of primary infertility for 10 years and underwent an IVF-ICSI cycle. Three MII oocytes retrieved and one of which presented with 1 pronucleus before conducting ICSI and developed into an embryo 30 h post-retrieval. Blastomere biopsy, genome amplification, copy number variation (CNV) analysis and MultiSNPs analysis was performed on the embryo. The results showed that only one blastomere contains DNA and CNV analysis indicated a genotype of 48, XX, +17, +17 and the genetic contribution of biopsied embryo was of exclusively maternal origin. Such analysis might be beneficial for patients with a history of oocyte spontaneous activation in diagnosing case-specific aberrations and providing individualized therapeutic strategies such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis to choose a genetic normal embryo to transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ye
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Na Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongfeng Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Youzhu Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Yang J, Yang X, Yang H, Bai Y, Zha H, Jiang F, Meng Y. Interleukin 6 in follicular fluid reduces embryo fragmentation and improves the clinical pregnancy rate. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1171-1176. [PMID: 32189182 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of interleukin 6 in embryo development in the in vitro fertilization cycles. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. One hundred and three women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer due to a tubal factor were included in the study. The follicular fluid IL-6 levels on oocyte retrieval day from each patient were determined by ELISA. The relationships between follicular fluid IL-6 levels and IVF cycle parameters were investigated. RESULTS The levels of follicular fluid IL-6 were not affected by the use of drugs for superovulation or by estrogen. In addition, follicular fluid IL-6 levels did not affect the number of oocytes retrieved or the MII oocyte rate. High levels of follicular fluid IL-6 correlated with a significant increase in the rates of clinical pregnancy. Follicular fluid IL-6 levels did not affect the cell number or the blastomere symmetry of day 3 embryos, but it did significantly reduce the embryo fragmentation rate. CONCLUSIONS High levels of follicular fluid IL-6 improved the rates of clinical pregnancy and reduce embryo fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Reproduction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Reproduction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Reproduction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Reproduction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hao Zha
- Reproduction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fangjie Jiang
- Reproduction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yushi Meng
- Reproduction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan Province, China.
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Wang YJ, Liu WJ, Fan L, Li ZT, Huang YQ, Chen CQ, Liu D, Zhang XQ, Liu FH. The impacts of the number of prefreeze and postthaw blastomeres on embryo implantation potential: A systematic analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19591. [PMID: 32221078 PMCID: PMC7220464 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To systematically analyze the potential of embryo implantation through comparison between the number of surviving blastomeres, the growth, and implantation rate.Retrospective analysis on implantation rate and the growth of prefreeze-postthaw embryos with different blastomeres in 1487 frozen embryo transfer cycles.In groups of postthaw embryos without damage, implantation rate and the average number of blastomere growth increased significantly with increasing number of blastomeres. The implantation rate and the number of blastomeres of embryos with 8-8c (the number of blastomeres in prefreeze embryo-the number of blastomeres in postthaw embryo) continued to grow at a significantly higher rate than that of 5-5c and 6-6c (P < .05). In groups of embryos with the same number of blastomeres before freezing and with partial damage after resuscitation, the implantation rates were lower and the average numbers of blastomere growth reduced as the number of damaged blastomeres increased. For embryos with good quality before freezing, 1 to 3 damaged blastomeres in postthawed embryos did not affect the development and implantation rate. Both implantation rate and growth rate of embryos with 8-6c were significantly higher than those of embryos with 6-6c (P < .05).The number of surviving blastomeres and growth in frozen-thawed embryos could be important index to predict embryo development potential and clinical outcome of implantation. For embryos with good quality, a small amount of damaged blastomeres would not weaken embryo development potential and implantation rate after being thawed.
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Banliat C, Tsikis G, Labas V, Teixeira-Gomes AP, Com E, Lavigne R, Pineau C, Guyonnet B, Mermillod P, Saint-Dizier M. Identification of 56 Proteins Involved in Embryo-Maternal Interactions in the Bovine Oviduct. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020466. [PMID: 31940782 PMCID: PMC7013689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine embryo develops in contact with the oviductal fluid (OF) during the first 4–5 days of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to decipher the protein interactions occurring between the developing embryo and surrounding OF. In-vitro produced 4–6 cell and morula embryos were incubated or not (controls) in post-ovulatory OF (OF-treated embryos) and proteins were then analyzed and quantified by high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) in both embryo groups and in OF. A comparative analysis of MS data allowed the identification and quantification of 56 embryo-interacting proteins originated from the OF, including oviductin (OVGP1) and several annexins (ANXA1, ANXA2, ANXA4) as the most abundant ones. Some embryo-interacting proteins were developmental stage-specific, showing a modulating role of the embryo in protein interactions. Three interacting proteins (OVGP1, ANXA1 and PYGL) were immunolocalized in the perivitelline space and in blastomeres, showing that OF proteins were able to cross the zona pellucida and be taken up by the embryo. Interacting proteins were involved in a wide range of functions, among which metabolism and cellular processes were predominant. This study identified for the first time a high number of oviductal embryo-interacting proteins, paving the way for further targeted studies of proteins potentially involved in the establishment of pregnancy in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Banliat
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, UMR PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.B.); (G.T.); (V.L.); (P.M.)
- Union Evolution, 35530 Noyal-sur-Vilaine, France;
| | - Guillaume Tsikis
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, UMR PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.B.); (G.T.); (V.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Valérie Labas
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, UMR PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.B.); (G.T.); (V.L.); (P.M.)
- INRAE, Université de Tours, CHU de Tours, Plate-forme CIRE, PAIB, 37380 Nouzilly, France;
| | - Ana-Paula Teixeira-Gomes
- INRAE, Université de Tours, CHU de Tours, Plate-forme CIRE, PAIB, 37380 Nouzilly, France;
- INRAE, UMR 1282 ISP, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Emmanuelle Com
- Inserm, University of Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (E.C.); (R.L.); (C.P.)
- Protim, Inserm U1085, Irset, Campus de Beaulieu, University of Rennes 1, Proteomics Core Facility, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Régis Lavigne
- Inserm, University of Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (E.C.); (R.L.); (C.P.)
- Protim, Inserm U1085, Irset, Campus de Beaulieu, University of Rennes 1, Proteomics Core Facility, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Charles Pineau
- Inserm, University of Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (E.C.); (R.L.); (C.P.)
- Protim, Inserm U1085, Irset, Campus de Beaulieu, University of Rennes 1, Proteomics Core Facility, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Pascal Mermillod
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, UMR PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.B.); (G.T.); (V.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Marie Saint-Dizier
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, UMR PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.B.); (G.T.); (V.L.); (P.M.)
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Department Agrosciences, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-47-42-75-08
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Abstract
Tetraploidisation is considered a common event in the evolution of chromosomal instability (CIN) in cancer cells. The current model for how tetraploidy drives CIN in mammalian cells is that a doubling of the number of centrioles that accompany the genome doubling event leads to multipolar spindle formation and chromosome segregation errors. By exploiting the unusual scenario of mouse blastomeres, which lack centrioles until the ~64-cell stage, we show that tetraploidy can drive CIN by an entirely distinct mechanism. Tetraploid blastomeres assemble bipolar spindles dictated by microtubule organising centres, and multipolar spindles are rare. Rather, kinetochore-microtubule turnover is altered, leading to microtubule attachment defects and anaphase chromosome segregation errors. The resulting blastomeres become chromosomally unstable and exhibit a dramatic increase in whole chromosome aneuploidies. Our results thus reveal an unexpected mechanism by which tetraploidy drives CIN, in which the acquisition of chromosomally-unstable microtubule dynamics contributes to chromosome segregation errors following tetraploidisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Mara Gomes Paim
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, H2X 0A9, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Greg FitzHarris
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, H2X 0A9, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Département d'Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Université de Montréal, H3T 1C5, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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24
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Gao X, Nowak-Imialek M, Chen X, Chen D, Herrmann D, Ruan D, Chen ACH, Eckersley-Maslin MA, Ahmad S, Lee YL, Kobayashi T, Ryan D, Zhong J, Zhu J, Wu J, Lan G, Petkov S, Yang J, Antunes L, Campos LS, Fu B, Wang S, Yong Y, Wang X, Xue SG, Ge L, Liu Z, Huang Y, Nie T, Li P, Wu D, Pei D, Zhang Y, Lu L, Yang F, Kimber SJ, Reik W, Zou X, Shang Z, Lai L, Surani A, Tam PPL, Ahmed A, Yeung WSB, Teichmann SA, Niemann H, Liu P. Establishment of porcine and human expanded potential stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:687-699. [PMID: 31160711 PMCID: PMC7035105 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We recently derived mouse expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs) from individual blastomeres by inhibiting the critical molecular pathways that predispose their differentiation. EPSCs had enriched molecular signatures of blastomeres and possessed developmental potency for all embryonic and extra-embryonic cell lineages. Here, we report the derivation of porcine EPSCs, which express key pluripotency genes, are genetically stable, permit genome editing, differentiate to derivatives of the three germ layers in chimeras and produce primordial germ cell-like cells in vitro. Under similar conditions, human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can be converted, or somatic cells directly reprogrammed, to EPSCs that display the molecular and functional attributes reminiscent of porcine EPSCs. Importantly, trophoblast stem-cell-like cells can be generated from both human and porcine EPSCs. Our pathway-inhibition paradigm thus opens an avenue for generating mammalian pluripotent stem cells, and EPSCs present a unique cellular platform for translational research in biotechnology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Nowak-Imialek
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
- REBIRTH Centre of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Doris Herrmann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
- REBIRTH Centre of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Degong Ruan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Shakil Ahmad
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Ryan
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jixing Zhong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Guocheng Lan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stoyan Petkov
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
- REBIRTH Centre of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Primate Center, Platform Degenerative Diseases, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Jian Yang
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliana Antunes
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lia S Campos
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Yong
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Guo Xue
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengtang Yang
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiangang Zou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhouchun Shang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Asif Ahmed
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany.
- REBIRTH Centre of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), TwinCore, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
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25
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Smith HL, Stevens A, Minogue B, Sneddon S, Shaw L, Wood L, Adeniyi T, Xiao H, Lio P, Kimber SJ, Brison DR. Systems based analysis of human embryos and gene networks involved in cell lineage allocation. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:171. [PMID: 30836937 PMCID: PMC6399968 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is understood of the molecular mechanisms involved in the earliest cell fate decision in human development, leading to the establishment of the trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) stem cell population. Notably, there is a lack of understanding of how transcriptional networks arise during reorganisation of the embryonic genome post-fertilisation. RESULTS We identified a hierarchical structure of preimplantation gene network modules around the time of embryonic genome activation (EGA). Using network models along with eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF) and epigenetic-associated gene expression we defined two sets of blastomeres that exhibited diverging tendencies towards ICM or TE. Analysis of the developmental networks demonstrated stage specific EIF expression and revealed that histone modifications may be an important epigenetic regulatory mechanism in preimplantation human embryos. Comparison to published RNAseq data confirmed that during EGA the individual 8-cell blastomeres are transcriptionally primed for the first lineage decision in development towards ICM or TE. CONCLUSIONS Using multiple systems biology approaches to compare developmental stages in the early human embryo with single cell transcript data from blastomeres, we have shown that blastomeres considered to be totipotent are not transcriptionally equivalent. Furthermore we have linked the developmental interactome to individual blastomeres and to later cell lineage. This has clinical implications for understanding the impact of fertility treatments and developmental programming of long term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Smith
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - A. Stevens
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 5th Floor Research, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - B. Minogue
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - S. Sneddon
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - L. Shaw
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - L. Wood
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - T. Adeniyi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - H. Xiao
- Computer Laboratory, William Gates Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P. Lio
- Computer Laboratory, William Gates Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. J. Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - D. R. Brison
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
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Turner K, Lynch C, Rouse H, Vasu V, Griffin DK. Direct Single-Cell Analysis of Human Polar Bodies and Cleavage-Stage Embryos Reveals No Evidence of the Telomere Theory of Reproductive Ageing in Relation to Aneuploidy Generation. Cells 2019; 8:E163. [PMID: 30781491 PMCID: PMC6406255 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive ageing in women, particularly after the age of 35, is associated with an exponential increase in the proportion of chromosomally abnormal oocytes produced. Several hypotheses have attempted to explain this observation, including the 'limited oocyte pool' hypothesis and the 'two-hit' hypothesis, the latter explaining that a depletion in oocyte quality with age results from the multiple opportune stages for errors to occur in meiosis. Recently however, the telomere theory of reproductive ageing in women has been proposed. This suggests that shortened telomeres in oocytes of women of advanced maternal age render oocytes unable to support fertilization and embryogenesis. Despite a credible rationale for the telomere theory of reproductive ageing in women, very few studies have assessed telomere length directly in human oocytes or preimplantation embryos. Therefore, we directly assessed relative telomere length in first polar bodies and blastomeres from cleavage stage (day 3) embryos. In both cell types we tested the hypothesis that (1) older women have shorter telomeres and (2) chromosomally abnormal (aneuploid) gametes/embryos have shorter telomeres. In all cases, we found no evidence of altered telomere length associated with age-related aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Turner
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Colleen Lynch
- Cooper Genomics Nottingham, Medicity, D6 Building, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK.
| | - Hannah Rouse
- Cooper Genomics Nottingham, Medicity, D6 Building, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK.
| | - Vimal Vasu
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.
- Department of Child Health, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford TN24 0LZ, UK.
| | - Darren K Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.
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Ma M, Zhang S, Lu C, Wang S, Yao Y, Peng H. Chromosome constitution of equal-sized three-cell embryos using next-generation sequencing technology. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:307-314. [PMID: 30443691 PMCID: PMC6420552 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the chromosome constitution of equal-sized three-cell embryo. METHODS We determined the chromosome constitution of 105 blastomeres from 35 embryos using multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC) together with NGS sequencing technology. Chromosomal copy number variation (CNV) analysis was successfully performed in 27 embryos. We also analyzed radius, perimeter, area, and volume of each blastomere to explore the possibility of selecting the normal embryos. RESULTS Majority of the embryos (77.8%, 21/27) studied were mosaic or aneuploid, and only 22.2% (6/27) had normal chromosome numbers. The aneuploid chromosomes spread across all chromosomes and the most frequent aneuploidies were for chromosomes 1, 16, and 18 followed by 13, 19, and 21. Statistical analyses showed no significant difference between euploid and aneuploid embryos regarding radius, perimeter, area, and volume of their blastomeres. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that majority of the equal-sized three-cell embryos were chromosomally abnormal and could not be distinguished by morphology observation, so they should be given lower priority at selection for transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chongzhao Lu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuanqing Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongmei Peng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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28
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Vila-Cejudo M, Massafret O, Santaló J, Ibáñez E. Single blastomeres as a source of mouse embryonic stem cells: effect of genetic background, medium supplements, and signaling modulators on derivation efficiency. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:99-111. [PMID: 30430313 PMCID: PMC6338609 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the role of the genetic background, the culture medium supplements, and the presence of modulators of signaling pathways on mouse embryonic stem cell derivation from single blastomeres from 8-cell embryos. METHODS Mice from permissive and non-permissive genetic backgrounds, different culture media supplements, knockout serum replacement (KSR) and N2B27, and the presence or absence of 2i treatment were used to derive mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) from single blastomeres isolated from 8-cell embryos and from control embryos at the blastocyst stage. After the sixth passage, the putative mESC were analyzed by immunofluorescence to assess their pluripotency and, after in vitro differentiation induction, their ability to differentiate into derivatives of the three primary germ layers. Selected mESC lines derived from single blastomeres in the most efficient culture conditions were further characterized to validate their stemness. RESULTS In control embryos, high mESC derivation efficiencies (70-96.9%) were obtained from permissive backgrounds or when embryos were cultured in medium complemented with 2i regardless of their genetic background. By contrast, only blastomeres isolated from embryos from permissive background cultured in KSR-containing medium complemented with 2i were moderately successful in the derivation of mESC lines (22.9-24.5%). Moreover, we report for the first time that B6CBAF2 embryos behave as permissive in terms of mESC derivation. CONCLUSIONS Single blastomeres have higher requirements than whole blastocysts for pluripotency maintenance and mESC derivation. The need for 2i suggests that modulation of signaling pathways to recreate a commitment towards inner cell mass could be essential to efficiently derive mESC from single blastomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vila-Cejudo
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ot Massafret
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Santaló
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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29
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Hara T, Kin A, Aoki S, Nakamura S, Shirasuna K, Kuwayama T, Iwata H. Resveratrol enhances the clearance of mitochondrial damage by vitrification and improves the development of vitrified-warmed bovine embryos. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204571. [PMID: 30335749 PMCID: PMC6193637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the vitrification-induced deterioration of mitochondrial functions that may reduce the developmental ability of post-warming bovine embryos. In addition, the effect of supplementation of the culture medium with resveratrol on the mitochondrial functions and post-warming embryonic development was examined. Two days after in vitro fertilization, embryos with 8–12 cells (referred to hereafter as 8-cell embryos) were vitrified and warmed, followed by in vitro incubation for 5 days in a culture medium containing either the vehicle or 0.5 μM resveratrol. Vitrification reduced embryonic development until the blastocyst stage, reduced the ATP content of embryos, and impaired the mitochondrial genome integrity, as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Although the total cell number and mitochondrial DNA copy number (Mt-number) of blastocysts were low in the vitrified embryos, the Mt-number per blastomere was similar among the blastocysts derived from fresh (non-vitrified) and vitrified-warmed embryos. Supplementation of the culture medium with resveratrol enhanced the post-warming embryonic development and reduced the Mt-number and reactive oxygen species level in blastocysts and blastomeres without affecting the ATP content. An increase in the content of cell-free mitochondrial DNA in the spent culture medium was observed following cultivation of embryos with resveratrol. These results suggested that vitrification induces mitochondrial damages and that resveratrol may enhance the development of post-warming embryos and activates the degeneration of damaged mitochondria, as indicated by the increase in the cell-free mitochondrial DNA content in the spent culture medium and the decrease in the Mt-number of blastocysts and blastomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Hara
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Airi Kin
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sogo Aoki
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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30
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Karimi Yazdi A, Davoudi-Dehaghani E, Rabbani Anari M, Fouladi P, Ebrahimi E, Sabeghi S, Eftekharian A, Fatemi KS, Emami H, Sharifi Z, Ramezanzadeh F, Tajdini A, Zeinali S, Amanpour S. The first successful application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for hearing loss in Iran. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:1718. [PMID: 30030956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hearing impairment (HI) caused by mutations in the connexin-26 gene (GJB2) accounts for the majority of cases with inherited, nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Due to the illegality of the abortion of deaf fetuses in Islamic countries, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a possible solution for afflicted families to have a healthy offspring. This study describes the first use of PGD for GJB2 associated non-syndromic deafness in Iran. GJB2 donor splicing site IVS1+1G>A mutation analysis was performed using Sanger sequencing for a total of 71 Iranian families with at least 1 deaf child diagnosed with non-syndromic deafness. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) was performed, followed by PGD for a cousin couple with a 50% chance of having an affected child. Bi-allelic pathogenic mutations were found in a total of 12 families (~17 %); of which a couple was a PGD volunteer. The deaf woman in this family was homozygous and her husband was a carrier of the IVS1+1G>A gene mutation. Among 8 biopsied embryos, two healthy embryos were implanted which resulted in a single pregnancy and subsequent birth of a healthy baby boy. This is the first report of a successful application of PGD for hearing loss in Iran. Having a baby with a severe hearing impairment often imposes families with long-term disease burden and heavy therapy costs. Today PGD has provided an opportunity for high-risk individuals to avoid the birth of a deaf child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimi Yazdi
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran - Valiasr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex
| | | | - Mahtab Rabbani Anari
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran - Valiasr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex
| | | | - Elmira Ebrahimi
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Eftekharian
- Otolaryngology Department, Loghman Hospital, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Emami
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran - Valiasr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex
| | | | - Fatemeh Ramezanzadeh
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardavan Tajdini
- Otolaryngology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Amanpour
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Eno C, Gomez T, Slusarski DC, Pelegri F. Slow calcium waves mediate furrow microtubule reorganization and germ plasm compaction in the early zebrafish embryo. Development 2018; 145:dev156604. [PMID: 29632136 PMCID: PMC6001370 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish germ plasm ribonucleoparticles (RNPs) become recruited to furrows of early zebrafish embryos through their association with astral microtubules ends. During the initiation of cytokinesis, microtubules are remodeled into a furrow microtubule array (FMA), which is thought to be analogous to the mammalian midbody involved in membrane abscission. During furrow maturation, RNPs and FMA tubules transition from their original distribution along the furrow to enrichments at the furrow distal ends, which facilitates germ plasm mass compaction. We show that nebel mutants exhibit reduced furrow-associated slow calcium waves (SCWs), caused at least in part by defective enrichment of calcium stores. RNP and FMA distal enrichment mirrors the medial-to-distal polarity of SCWs, and inhibition of calcium release or downstream mediators such as Calmodulin affects RNP and FMA distal enrichment. Blastomeres with reduced or lacking SCWs, such as early blastomeres in nebel mutants and wild-type blastomeres at later stages, exhibit medially bundling microtubules similar to midbodies in other cell types. Our data indicate that SCWs provide medial-to-distal directionality along the furrow to facilitate germ plasm RNP enrichment at the furrow ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Eno
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy Gomez
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Diane C Slusarski
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Francisco Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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32
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Yang J, Ryan DJ, Wang W, Tsang JCH, Lan G, Masaki H, Gao X, Antunes L, Yu Y, Zhu Z, Wang J, Kolodziejczyk AA, Campos LS, Wang C, Yang F, Zhong Z, Fu B, Eckersley-Maslin MA, Woods M, Tanaka Y, Chen X, Wilkinson AC, Bussell J, White J, Ramirez-Solis R, Reik W, Göttgens B, Teichmann SA, Tam PPL, Nakauchi H, Zou X, Lu L, Liu P. Establishment of mouse expanded potential stem cells. Nature 2017; 550:393-397. [PMID: 29019987 PMCID: PMC5890884 DOI: 10.1038/nature24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells derived from the epiblast contribute to the somatic lineages and the germline but are excluded from the extra-embryonic tissues that are derived from the trophectoderm and the primitive endoderm upon reintroduction to the blastocyst. Here we report that cultures of expanded potential stem cells can be established from individual eight-cell blastomeres, and by direct conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Remarkably, a single expanded potential stem cell can contribute both to the embryo proper and to the trophectoderm lineages in a chimaera assay. Bona fide trophoblast stem cell lines and extra-embryonic endoderm stem cells can be directly derived from expanded potential stem cells in vitro. Molecular analyses of the epigenome and single-cell transcriptome reveal enrichment for blastomere-specific signature and a dynamic DNA methylome in expanded potential stem cells. The generation of mouse expanded potential stem cells highlights the feasibility of establishing expanded potential stem cells for other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - David J Ryan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | | | - Guocheng Lan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Xuefei Gao
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Liliana Antunes
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Yong Yu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Zhexin Zhu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Juexuan Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Aleksandra A Kolodziejczyk
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Lia S Campos
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Cui Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Zhen Zhong
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | | | - Michael Woods
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Xi Chen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - James Bussell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Jacqui White
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | | | - Wolf Reik
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5461, USA
| | - Xiangang Zou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Liming Lu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
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Gupta P, Martin R, Knölker HJ, Nihalani D, Kumar Sinha D. Myosin-1 inhibition by PClP affects membrane shape, cortical actin distribution and lipid droplet dynamics in early Zebrafish embryos. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180301. [PMID: 28678859 PMCID: PMC5498032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-1 (Myo1) represents a mechanical link between the membrane and actin-cytoskeleton in animal cells. We have studied the effect of Myo1 inhibitor PClP in 1-8 cell Zebrafish embryos. Our results indicate a unique involvement of Myo1 in early development of Zebrafish embryos. Inhibition of Myo1 (by PClP) and Myo2 (by Blebbistatin) lead to arrest in cell division. While Myo1 isoforms appears to be important for both the formation and the maintenance of cleavage furrows, Myo2 is required only for the formation of furrows. We found that the blastodisc of the embryo, which contains a thick actin cortex (~13 μm), is loaded with cortical Myo1. Myo1 appears to be crucial for maintaining the blastodisc morphology and the actin cortex thickness. In addition to cell division and furrow formation, inhibition of Myo1 has a drastic effect on the dynamics and distribution of lipid droplets (LDs) in the blastodisc near the cleavage furrow. All these results above are effects of Myo1 inhibition exclusively; Myo2 inhibition by blebbistatin does not show such phenotypes. Therefore, our results demonstrate a potential role for Myo1 in the maintenance and formation of furrow, blastodisc morphology, cell-division and LD organization within the blastodisc during early embryogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/drug effects
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Blastomeres/cytology
- Blastomeres/metabolism
- Blastomeres/ultrastructure
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Division/genetics
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/ultrastructure
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacology
- Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/pharmacology
- Lipid Droplets/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Myosin Heavy Chains/antagonists & inhibitors
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - René Martin
- Department Chemie, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Deepak Nihalani
- Dept. Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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34
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Kjolby RAS, Harland RM. Genome-wide identification of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional targets during Xenopus gastrulation. Dev Biol 2017; 426:165-175. [PMID: 27091726 PMCID: PMC6288011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays multiple roles during Xenopus gastrulation, including posteriorization of the neural plate, patterning of the mesoderm, and induction of the neural crest. Wnt signaling stabilizes β-catenin, which then activates target genes. However, few targets of this signaling pathway that mediate early developmental processes are known. Here we sought to identify transcriptional targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway using a genome-wide approach. We selected putative targets using the criteria of reduced expression upon zygotic Wnt knockdown, β-catenin binding within 50kb of the gene, and expression in tissues that receive Wnt signaling. Using these criteria, we found 21 novel direct transcriptional targets of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during gastrulation and in addition have identified putative regulatory elements for further characterization in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A S Kjolby
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard M Harland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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35
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Zhang N, Hao C, Liu X, Zhang S, Zhang F, Zhuang L, Zhao D. A potential determinant role of adiponectin and receptors for the early embryo development in PCOS patients with obesity hinted by quantitative profiling. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:113-118. [PMID: 27597432 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1214259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the quantitative profiling of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin) in cumulus cells (CCs) and to evaluate their roles in the early embryo development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, in part, with obesity. METHODS Fifty-five subjects were divided into two groups according to the body mass index. Oocytes were further inseminated and only mature and normal fertilized oocytes (2PN) were included in this research. Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to identify adiponectin and its receptors in CCs. RESULTS Adiponectin and receptors were ubiquitously expressed in CCs of PCOS and non-PCOS patients. The level of AdipoR2 in CCs from the oocytes yielding blastocyst after 5/6 days in vitro culture was markedly higher than in those from oocytes could not develop to blastocyst stage after Day 6, for non-obese or obese PCOS patients (0.1647 ± 0.0161 versus 0.0783 ± 0.0385, 0.1948 ± 0.0307 versus 0.1057 ± 0.0236, respectively, p < 0.05). In addition, only in patients with PCOS and concurrent obesity the AdipoR1 in CCs was considerably increased in CC-B+ compared with CC-B- subgroup (0.5162 ± 0.0371 versus 0.2448 ± 0.0333, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The development of early embryo was associated with the up-regulation of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in PCOS patients. Our results suggested that adiponectin could positively modulate embryo development in humans. Further investigations should be carried out to unlock the crucial role that adiponectin plays in embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Cuifang Hao
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Shouxin Zhang
- b Biochip Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China
| | - Fengrong Zhang
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Lili Zhuang
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
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Bogolyubova IO. HETEROGENEITY OF COILIN-CONTAINING NUCLEAR DOMAINS IN EARLY MOUSE EMBRYOS. Tsitologiia 2017; 59:290-297. [PMID: 30188094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus of mouse two-cell embryos houses the coilin-containing bodies of two types: 1) 1—3 large spherical structures of 1 mm and 2) small foci, which vary in number in different blastomeres. The largest coilin-containing structures, unlike the smallest ones, contain RNA polymerase I, nucleic acid chaperon YB-1, and also actin. Neither large nor small coilin-positive domains contain symplekin, one of the signature components of histone locus bodies. In the nuclei of late two-cell embryos, symplekin localizes to 1—2 well-formed roundish bodies that are observed both in close proximity to the coilin-positive structures and far away from them. Large coilin-containing bodies were not observed in embryos at the morula stage as well as in the nuclei of late two-cell embryos after artificial suppression of transcription activity. Thus, a population of coilin-containing bodies in the nuclei of late two-cell embryos of mice is heterogeneous in morphology and molecular composition. It could be assumed that the largest coilin-containing bodies are provisional nuclear domains that are formed at the background of significant changes of nuclear metabolism at the final stages of embryonic genome activation and the initial stages of reactivation of nucleolar transcription.
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Pierre A, Sallé J, Wühr M, Minc N. Generic Theoretical Models to Predict Division Patterns of Cleaving Embryos. Dev Cell 2016; 39:667-682. [PMID: 27997824 PMCID: PMC5180451 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Life for all animals starts with a precise 3D choreography of reductive divisions of the fertilized egg, known as cleavage patterns. These patterns exhibit conserved geometrical features and striking interspecies invariance within certain animal classes. To identify the generic rules that may govern these morphogenetic events, we developed a 3D-modeling framework that iteratively infers blastomere division positions and orientations, and consequent multicellular arrangements. From a minimal set of parameters, our model predicts detailed features of cleavage patterns in the embryos of fishes, amphibians, echinoderms, and ascidians, as well as the genetic and physical perturbations that alter these patterns. This framework demonstrates that a geometrical system based on length-dependent microtubule forces that probe blastomere shape and yolk gradients, biased by cortical polarity domains, may dictate division patterns and overall embryo morphogenesis. These studies thus unravel the default self-organization rules governing early embryogenesis and how they are altered by deterministic regulatory layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Pierre
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jérémy Sallé
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nicolas Minc
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Sepulveda-Rincon LP, Dube D, Adenot P, Laffont L, Ruffini S, Gall L, Campbell BK, Duranthon V, Beaujean N, Maalouf WE. Random Allocation of Blastomere Descendants to the Trophectoderm and ICM of the Bovine Blastocyst. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:123. [PMID: 27760750 PMCID: PMC5333943 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.141200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The first lineage specification during mammalian embryo development can be visually distinguished at the blastocyst stage. Two cell lineages are observed on the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the blastocyst: the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. The timing and mechanisms driving this process are still not fully understood. In mouse embryos, cells seem prepatterned to become certain cell lineage because the first cleavage plane has been related with further embryonic-abembryonic axis at the blastocyst stage. Nevertheless, this possibility has been very debatable. Our objective was to determine whether this would be the case in another mammalian species, the bovine. To achieve this, cells of in vitro produced bovine embryos were traced from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. Blastocysts were then classified according to the allocation of the labeled cells in the embryonic and/or abembryonic part of the blastocyst. Surprisingly, we found that there is a significant percentage of the embryos (∼60%) with labeled and nonlabeled cells randomly distributed and intermingled. Using time-lapse microscopy, we have identified the emergence of this random pattern at the third to fourth cell cycle, when cells started to intermingle. Even though no differences were found on morphokinetics among different embryos, these random blastocysts and those with labeled cells separated by the embryonic-abembryonic axis (deviant pattern) are significantly bigger; moreover deviant embryos have a significantly higher number of cells. Interestingly, we observed that daughter cells allocation at the blastocyst stage is not affected by biopsies performed at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lessly P Sepulveda-Rincon
- Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Dube
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Pierre Adenot
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Ludivine Laffont
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Ruffini
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Laurence Gall
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Bruce K Campbell
- Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nathalie Beaujean
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
- Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Inserm, Bron, France
| | - Walid E Maalouf
- Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Lombard-Banek C, Reddy S, Moody SA, Nemes P. Label-free Quantification of Proteins in Single Embryonic Cells with Neural Fate in the Cleavage-Stage Frog (Xenopus laevis) Embryo using Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (CE-ESI-HRMS). Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2756-68. [PMID: 27317400 PMCID: PMC4974349 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of protein expression in single cells promises to advance a systems-level understanding of normal development. Using a bottom-up proteomic workflow and multiplexing quantification by tandem mass tags, we recently demonstrated relative quantification between single embryonic cells (blastomeres) in the frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo. In this study, we minimize derivatization steps to enhance analytical sensitivity and use label-free quantification (LFQ) for single Xenopus cells. The technology builds on a custom-designed capillary electrophoresis microflow-electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry platform and LFQ by MaxLFQ (MaxQuant). By judiciously tailoring performance to peptide separation, ionization, and data-dependent acquisition, we demonstrate an ∼75-amol (∼11 nm) lower limit of detection and quantification for proteins in complex cell digests. The platform enabled the identification of 438 nonredundant protein groups by measuring 16 ng of protein digest, or <0.2% of the total protein contained in a blastomere in the 16-cell embryo. LFQ intensity was validated as a quantitative proxy for protein abundance. Correlation analysis was performed to compare protein quantities between the embryo and n = 3 different single D11 blastomeres, which are fated to develop into the nervous system. A total of 335 nonredundant protein groups were quantified in union between the single D11 cells spanning a 4 log-order concentration range. LFQ and correlation analysis detected expected proteomic differences between the whole embryo and blastomeres, and also found translational differences between individual D11 cells. LFQ on single cells raises exciting possibilities to study gene expression in other cells and models to help better understand cell processes on a systems biology level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushma Reddy
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and ¶Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia
| | - Sally A Moody
- §Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Campos-Junior PHA, Alves TJM, Dias MT, Assunçao CM, Munk M, Mattos MS, Kraemer LR, Almeida BG, Russo RC, Barcelos L, Camargo LSA, Viana JHM. Ovarian Grafts 10 Days after Xenotransplantation: Folliculogenesis and Recovery of Viable Oocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158109. [PMID: 27362486 PMCID: PMC4928796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian xenotransplantation is a promising alternative to preserve fertility of oncologic patients. However, several functional aspects of this procedure remained to be addressed. The aim of this study was evaluate the feasibility of xenotransplantation as a strategy to maintain bovine ovarian grafts and produce oocytes. Adult ovarian cortical pieces were xenotransplanted to the dorsal subcutaneous of female NOD-SCID mice (n = 62). Grafts were recovered ten days after xenotransplantation. Host and graft weights; folliculogenesis progression; blood perfusion, relative gene expression and number of macrophage and neutrophil of xenografts; in vitro developmental competence of graft-derived oocytes were evaluated. Folliculogenesis was supported in the grafts, as indicated by the presence of primordial, primary, secondary, antral, and atretic follicles. The xenografts showed a greater volumetric density of atretic follicles and higher hyperemia and number of host-derived macrophage and neutrophil (P<0.05), when compared to non-grafted fragments. There was a higher blood perfusion under the back skin in the transplantation sites of host animals than in control and non-grafted (P<0.01). BAX and PRDX1 genes were up-regulated, while BCL2, FSHR, IGF1R and IGF2R were down-regulated, when compared to the control (P<0.01). Twenty seven oocytes were successfully harvested from grafts, and some of these oocytes were able to give rise to blastocysts after in vitro fertilization. However, cleavage and blastocyst rates of xenograft derived oocytes were lower than in control (P<0.01). Despite showing some functional modifications, the ovarian xenografts were able to support folliculogenesis and produce functional oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Almeida Campos-Junior
- Fertility Preservation Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Sao Joao Del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36301–160
- * E-mail:
| | - Thalys Jair Melo Alves
- Fertility Preservation Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Sao Joao Del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36301–160
| | - Marco Tulio Dias
- Fertility Preservation Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Sao Joao Del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36301–160
| | - Carolina Marinho Assunçao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36036–900
| | - Michele Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36036–900
| | - Matheus Silvério Mattos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 31270–901
| | - Lucas Rocha Kraemer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 31270–901
| | - Brígida Gomes Almeida
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 31270–901
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 31270–901
| | - Lucíola Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 31270–901
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Gaur S, Mandelbaum M, Herold M, Majumdar HD, Neilson KM, Maynard TM, Mood K, Daar IO, Moody SA. Neural transcription factors bias cleavage stage blastomeres to give rise to neural ectoderm. Genesis 2016; 54:334-49. [PMID: 27092474 PMCID: PMC4912902 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The decision by embryonic ectoderm to give rise to epidermal versus neural derivatives is the result of signaling events during blastula and gastrula stages. However, there also is evidence in Xenopus that cleavage stage blastomeres contain maternally derived molecules that bias them toward a neural fate. We used a blastomere explant culture assay to test whether maternally deposited transcription factors bias 16-cell blastomere precursors of epidermal or neural ectoderm to express early zygotic neural genes in the absence of gastrulation interactions or exogenously supplied signaling factors. We found that Foxd4l1, Zic2, Gmnn, and Sox11 each induced explants made from ventral, epidermis-producing blastomeres to express early neural genes, and that at least some of the Foxd4l1 and Zic2 activities are required at cleavage stages. Similarly, providing extra Foxd4l1 or Zic2 to explants made from dorsal, neural plate-producing blastomeres significantly increased the expression of early neural genes, whereas knocking down either significantly reduced them. These results show that maternally delivered transcription factors bias cleavage stage blastomeres to a neural fate. We demonstrate that mouse and human homologs of Foxd4l1 have similar functional domains compared to the frog protein, as well as conserved transcriptional activities when expressed in Xenopus embryos and blastomere explants. genesis 54:334-349, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailly Gaur
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Max Mandelbaum
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Mona Herold
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Himani Datta Majumdar
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | - Karen M. Neilson
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Kathy Mood
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ira O. Daar
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sally A. Moody
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington DC, USA
- George Washington University Institute for Neuroscience
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Oda-Ishii I, Kubo A, Kari W, Suzuki N, Rothbächer U, Satou Y. A Maternal System Initiating the Zygotic Developmental Program through Combinatorial Repression in the Ascidian Embryo. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006045. [PMID: 27152625 PMCID: PMC4859511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal factors initiate the zygotic developmental program in animal embryos. In embryos of the chordate, Ciona intestinalis, three maternal factors—Gata.a, β-catenin, and Zic-r.a—are required to establish three domains of gene expression at the 16-cell stage; the animal hemisphere, vegetal hemisphere, and posterior vegetal domains. Here, we show how the maternal factors establish these domains. First, only β-catenin and its effector transcription factor, Tcf7, are required to establish the vegetal hemisphere domain. Second, genes specifically expressed in the posterior vegetal domain have additional repressive cis-elements that antagonize the activity of β-catenin/Tcf7. This antagonizing activity is suppressed by Zic-r.a, which is specifically localized in the posterior vegetal domain and binds to DNA indirectly through the interaction with Tcf7. Third, Gata.a directs specific gene expression in the animal hemisphere domain, because β-catenin/Tcf7 weakens the Gata.a-binding activity for target sites through a physical interaction in the vegetal cells. Thus, repressive regulation through protein-protein interactions among the maternal transcription factors is essential to establish the first distinct domains of gene expression in the chordate embryo. During animal development, transcription factors and signaling molecules transcriptionally regulate one another and constitute a gene regulatory network. This network is evoked by maternally provided factors. Many maternal factors are localized and thereby activate a set of genes in a specific region. In embryos of the chordate, Ciona intestinalis, three maternal factors with localized activities are known. The present study demonstrated that these localized maternal factors interact with one another through a fourth non-localized transcription factor, Tcf7, and negatively regulate one another. These repressive interactions are essential to establish the first distinct domains of gene expression and evoke the gene regulatory network properly. The findings indicate that not only activating target genes but also repressing activities of other transcription factors through protein-protein interactions are important to properly initiate the zygotic program. Intriguingly, in one repressive interaction, a transcription factor loses its binding activity for target sites through an interaction with another transcription factor. Thus, this study provides a description of the entire system in which maternal factors initiate the zygotic developmental program of the Ciona embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Oda-Ishii
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kubo
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Willi Kari
- Department of Evolution and Developmental Biology, Zoological Institute, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ute Rothbächer
- Department of Evolution and Developmental Biology, Zoological Institute, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yutaka Satou
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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De Domenico E, Owens NDL, Grant IM, Gomes-Faria R, Gilchrist MJ. Molecular asymmetry in the 8-cell stage Xenopus tropicalis embryo described by single blastomere transcript sequencing. Dev Biol 2015; 408:252-68. [PMID: 26100918 PMCID: PMC4684228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Correct development of the vertebrate body plan requires the early definition of two asymmetric, perpendicular axes. The first axis is established during oocyte maturation, and the second is established by symmetry breaking shortly after fertilization. The physical processes generating the second asymmetric, or dorsal-ventral, axis are well understood, but the specific molecular determinants, presumed to be maternal gene products, are poorly characterized. Whilst enrichment of maternal mRNAs at the animal and vegetal poles in both the oocyte and the early embryo has been studied, little is known about the distribution of maternal mRNAs along either the dorsal-ventral or left-right axes during the early cleavage stages. Here we report an unbiased analysis of the distribution of maternal mRNA on all axes of the Xenopus tropicalis 8-cell stage embryo, based on sequencing of single blastomeres whose positions within the embryo are known. Analysis of pooled data from complete sets of blastomeres from four embryos has identified 908 mRNAs enriched in either the animal or vegetal blastomeres, of which 793 are not previously reported as enriched. In contrast, we find no evidence for asymmetric distribution along either the dorsal-ventral or left-right axes. We confirm that animal pole enrichment is on average distinctly lower than vegetal pole enrichment, and that considerable variation is found between reported enrichment levels in different studies. We use publicly available data to show that there is a significant association between genes with human disease annotation and enrichment at the animal pole. Mutations in the human ortholog of the most animally enriched novel gene, Slc35d1, are causative for Schneckenbecken dysplasia, and we show that a similar phenotype is produced by depletion of the orthologous protein in Xenopus embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Domenico
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Nick D L Owens
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Ian M Grant
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Rosa Gomes-Faria
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Michael J Gilchrist
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
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Sellars MJ, Trewin C, McWilliam SM, Glaves RSE, Hertzler PL. Transcriptome profiles of Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicus animal and vegetal half-embryos: identification of sex determination, germ line, mesoderm, and other developmental genes. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2015; 17:252-265. [PMID: 25634056 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is virtually no knowledge of the molecular events controlling early embryogenesis in Penaeid shrimp. A combination of controlled spawning environment, shrimp embryo micro-dissection techniques, and next-generation sequencing was used to produce transcriptome EST datasets of Penaeus japonicus animal and vegetal half-embryos. Embryos were collected immediately after spawning, and then blastomeres were separated at the two-cell stage and allowed to develop to late gastrulation, then pooled for RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. Ion Torrent sequencing of cDNA from approximately 500 pooled animal and vegetal half-embryos from multiple spawnings resulted in 560,516 and 493,703 reads, respectively. Reads from each library were assembled and Gene Ontogeny analysis produced 3479 annotated animal contigs and 4173 annotated vegetal contigs, with 159/139 hits for developmental processes in the animal/vegetal contigs, respectively. Contigs were subject to BLAST for selected developmental toolbox genes. Some of the genes found included the sex determination genes sex-lethal and transformer; the germ line genes argonaute 1, boule, germ cell-less, gustavus, maelstrom, mex-3, par-1, pumilio, SmB, staufen, and tudor; the mesoderm genes brachyury, mef2, snail, and twist; the axis determination/segmentation genes β-catenin, deformed, distal-less, engrailed, giant, hairy, hunchback, kruppel, orthodenticle, patched, tailless, and wingless/wnt-8c; and a number of cell-cycle regulators. Animal and vegetal contigs were computationally subtracted from each other to produce sets unique to either half-embryo library. Genes expressed only in the animal half included bmp1, kruppel, maelstrom, and orthodenticle. Genes expressed only in the vegetal half included boule, brachyury, deformed, dorsal, engrailed, hunchback, spalt, twist, and wingless/wnt-8c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melony J Sellars
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Integrated Sustainable Aquaculture, Dutton Park, Qld, 4102, Australia,
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Osborne Nishimura E, Zhang JC, Werts AD, Goldstein B, Lieb JD. Asymmetric transcript discovery by RNA-seq in C. elegans blastomeres identifies neg-1, a gene important for anterior morphogenesis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005117. [PMID: 25875092 PMCID: PMC4395330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
After fertilization but prior to the onset of zygotic transcription, the C. elegans zygote cleaves asymmetrically to create the anterior AB and posterior P1 blastomeres, each of which goes on to generate distinct cell lineages. To understand how patterns of RNA inheritance and abundance arise after this first asymmetric cell division, we pooled hand-dissected AB and P1 blastomeres and performed RNA-seq. Our approach identified over 200 asymmetrically abundant mRNA transcripts. We confirmed symmetric or asymmetric abundance patterns for a subset of these transcripts using smFISH. smFISH also revealed heterogeneous subcellular patterning of the P1-enriched transcripts chs-1 and bpl-1. We screened transcripts enriched in a given blastomere for embryonic defects using RNAi. The gene neg-1 (F32D1.6) encoded an AB-enriched (anterior) transcript and was required for proper morphology of anterior tissues. In addition, analysis of the asymmetric transcripts yielded clues regarding the post-transcriptional mechanisms that control cellular mRNA abundance during asymmetric cell divisions, which are common in developing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Osborne Nishimura
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jay C. Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam D. Werts
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bob Goldstein
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jason D. Lieb
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Spiró Z, Gönczy P. Polarity-dependent asymmetric distribution and MEX-5/6-mediated translational activation of the Era-1 mRNA in C. elegans embryos. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120984. [PMID: 25821955 PMCID: PMC4378847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The early C. elegans embryo is an attractive model system to investigate fundamental developmental processes. With the exception of mex-3 mRNA, maternally contributed mRNAs are thought to be distributed uniformly in the one-cell embryo. Here, we report and characterize the striking distribution of the mRNA encoding the novel protein ERA-1. We found that era-1 mRNA is enriched in the anterior of the one-cell embryo and present solely in anterior blastomeres thereafter. Although era-1 is not an essential gene, we uncovered that era-1 null mutant embryos are sensitive to slight impairment of embryonic polarity. We found that the asymmetric distribution of era-1 mRNA depends on anterior-posterior polarity cues and on the era-1 3’UTR. Similarly to the era-1 mRNA, the YFP-ERA-1 protein is enriched in anterior blastomeres. Interestingly, we found that the RNA-binding protein MEX-5 is required for era-1 mRNA asymmetry. Furthermore, we show that MEX-5, together with its partially redundant partner MEX-6, are needed to activate era-1 mRNA translation in anterior blastomeres. These findings lead us to propose that MEX-5/6–mediated regulation of era-1 mRNA contributes to robust embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Spiró
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Chow JFC, Yeung WSB, Lau EYL, Lee VCY, Ng EHY, Ho PC. Array comparative genomic hybridization analyses of all blastomeres of a cohort of embryos from young IVF patients revealed significant contribution of mitotic errors to embryo mosaicism at the cleavage stage. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:105. [PMID: 25420429 PMCID: PMC4256731 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) have a high level of aneuploidy, which is believed to be a major factor affecting the success of human assisted reproduction treatment. The aneuploidy rate of cleavage stage embryos based on 1-2 biopsied blastomeres has been well-reported, however, the true aneuploidy rate of whole embryos remain unclear because of embryo mosaicism. To study the prevalence of mosaicism in top quality IVF embryos, surplus embryos donated from young patients (aged 28-32) in the assisted reproduction program at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong were used. METHODS Thirty-six good quality day 2 embryos were thawed. Out of the 135 blastomeres in these embryos, 121 (89.6%) survived thawing. Twelve of these embryos without lysed blastomeres and which cleaved to at least seven cells after a 24-h culture were dissembled into individual blastomeres, which were analysed by array comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite marker analysis by fluorescent PCR. RESULTS Out of 12 day-3 embryos, 2 (16.7%) were normal, 3 (25%) were diploid/aneuploidy with <38% abnormality, 4 (33.3%) were diploid/aneuploidy mosaic with > =38% abnormality, and three (25%) were mosaic aneuploids. Conclusive chromosomal data were obtained from a high percentage of blastomeres (92.8%, 90/97). Microsatellite marker analysis performed on blastomeres in aneuploid embryos enabled us to reconstruct the chromosomal status of the blastomeres in each cleavage division. The results showed the occurrence of meiotic errors in 3 (25%) of the studied embryos. There were 16 mitotic errors (18.8%, 16/85) in the 85 mitotic divisions undertaken by the studied embryos. The observed mitotic errors were mainly contributed by endoreduplication (31.3%, 5/16), non-disjunction (25%, 4/16) and anaphase lagging (25%, 4/16). Chromosome breakages occurred in 6 divisions (7.1%, 6/85). CONCLUSIONS Mosaicism occurs in a high percentage of good-quality cleavage stage embryos and mitotic errors contribute significantly to the abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy FC Chow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - William SB Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Estella YL Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Vivian CY Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ernest HY Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pak-Chung Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Ho SY, Goh CWP, Gan JY, Lee YS, Lam MKK, Hong N, Hong Y, Chan WK, Shu-Chien AC. Derivation and long-term culture of an embryonic stem cell-like line from zebrafish blastomeres under feeder-free condition. Zebrafish 2014; 11:407-20. [PMID: 24967707 PMCID: PMC4172385 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing zebrafish embryonic stem (ES) cell lines are derived and maintained using feeder layers. We describe here the derivation and long-term culture of an ES cell-like line derived from zebrafish blastomeres without the use of feeder cells. This line, designated as ZES1, has been maintained for more than 800 days in defined Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, zebrafish embryo extract, trout serum, and human basic fibroblast growth factor. ZES1 cells possessed a morphology typical of ES cells, being round or polygonal in shape with a large nucleus and sparse cytoplasm and were mostly diploid. The cells formed individual colonies consisting of tightly packed cells that stained positively for alkaline phosphatase. ZES1 cells also formed embryoid bodies when transferred onto uncoated wells. The pluripotent nature of ZES1 cells was confirmed when they could be induced to differentiate in vitro into several cell types, through low- or high-density culture conditions. Treatment with retinoic acid also induced the differentiation of ZES1 cells into primarily neuronal cells. Using immunostaining and real-time polymerase chain reaction, we showed that Sox2, a known pluripotent marker in mammalian ES cells, was also present in ZES1 cells. Chimera experiments revealed that fluorescent-labeled ZES1 cells microinjected into zebrafish blastulas participated in the formation of all three germ layers. Using GFP-labeled ZES1 cells, chimera germline transmission was also demonstrated at the F1 generation. In conclusion, ZES1 cells possess both in vitro and in vivo pluripotency characteristics, indicating that nonmammalian ES cells can be readily derived and maintained for a long term under feeder-free culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Yee Ho
- 1 Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals , Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Fu M, Wu X, He J, Zhang Y, Hua S. Natrium fluoride influences methylation modifications and induces apoptosis in mouse early embryos. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:10398-10405. [PMID: 25102367 DOI: 10.1021/es503026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study epigenetically examined the effect of fluoride on early embryos of Kunming mice administered with 0, 20 (low), 60 (medium), and 120 mg/L (high) sodium fluoride (NaF). The results showed that NaF repressed oocyte maturation, fertilization and blastocyst formation in all NaF-treated groups. Meanwhile, TUNEL assay showed that embryo apoptosis was induced dramatically in blastocyst stage at either low or medium doses, and in 8-cell stage at high dose, compared to the control, suggesting a dose-dependent effect. Furthermore, the immunostaining displayed global increases of DNA methylation, H3K9m2 and H3K4m2 with increasing dose, which were consistent with gene expression results, exhibiting general increases of DNMT1, DNMT3a, G9a, LSD1, and MLL1 and a reduction of JHDM2a in transcription and protein levels. More closely, the differential methylation domain in parentally imprinted gene H19 showed low methylation, while materanlly imprinted gene IGF2 showed high methylaiton in NaF-treated groups compared to the control group, which corresponded with high expression of H19 and low expression of IGF2 confirmed by qPCR. Collectively, we demonstrated that fluoride epigenetically impaired mouse oocyte maturation and embryonic development, supplying a better knowledge of fluoride in toxicology and a deeper evaluation of its potential influence in physiological and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi Province The People's Republic of China 712100
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Cicconet M, Gutwein M, Gunsalus KC, Geiger D. Label free cell-tracking and division detection based on 2D time-lapse images for lineage analysis of early embryo development. Comput Biol Med 2014; 51:24-34. [PMID: 24873887 PMCID: PMC4096606 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report a database and a series of techniques related to the problem of tracking cells, and detecting their divisions, in time-lapse movies of mammalian embryos. Our contributions are (1) a method for counting embryos in a well, and cropping each individual embryo across frames, to create individual movies for cell tracking; (2) a semi-automated method for cell tracking that works up to the 8-cell stage, along with a software implementation available to the public (this software was used to build the reported database); (3) an algorithm for automatic tracking up to the 4-cell stage, based on histograms of mirror symmetry coefficients captured using wavelets; (4) a cell-tracking database containing 100 annotated examples of mammalian embryos up to the 8-cell stage; and (5) statistical analysis of various timing distributions obtained from those examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cicconet
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, United States.
| | - Michelle Gutwein
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, United States
| | - Kristin C Gunsalus
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, United States
| | - Davi Geiger
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, United States
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