1
|
Sevuk Ozumut SH, Turhan AB. Neonatal hemolytic disease: How should we use indirect and direct antiglobulin tests? Pediatr Neonatol 2024; 65:11-16. [PMID: 37414722 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In newborns with hemolysis, the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) play a key role in demonstrating the presence of an immune cause. We aimed to emphasize the importance of IAT in mothers of DAT-positive babies. METHODS DAT was performed with forward blood grouping on cord blood in term babies who were born between September 2020 and September 2022. IAT was performed in the mothers of the babies who were found to have a positive DAT and antibody identification was performed in the mothers who were found to have a positive IAT. Specific antibodies detected and identified were associated with the clinical course. RESULTS The study included 2769 babies and their mothers. The prevalence of DAT positivity was found to be 3.3% (87 of 2661). In DAT-positive babies, the rate of ABO incompatibility was 45.9%, the rate of RhD incompatibility was 5.7% and the rate of RhD and ABO incompatibility in association was 10.3%. The rate of subgroup incompatibility and other red blood cell antibodies was 18.3%. Phototherapy was applied because of indirect hyperbilirubinemia in 16.6% of the DAT-negative babies and in 51.5% of the DAT-positive babies. The need for phototherapy was significantly higher in DAT-positive infants (p < 0.01). Severe hemolytic disease of the newborn, bilirubin level, duration of phototherapy and use of intravenous immunoglobulin were found to be significantly higher in the babies whose mothers were IAT positive compared with the babies whose mothers were IAT negative (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS IAT should be performed on all pregnant women. When screening with IAT is not performed during pregnancy, performing DAT in the baby plays a key role. We showed that the clinical course was more severe when mothers of DAT-positive babies were IAT positive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel H Sevuk Ozumut
- Pediatrics Department, Neonatology Division, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Bozkurt Turhan
- Blood Transfusion Center, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Klerk M, Kal-van Gestel JA, van de Wetering J, Kho ML, Middel-de Sterke S, Betjes MGH, Zuidema WC, Roelen D, Glorie K, Roodnat JI. Creating Options for Difficult-to-match Kidney Transplant Candidates. Transplantation 2021; 105:240-248. [PMID: 32101984 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most transplantation centers recognize a small patient population that unsuccessfully participates in all available, both living and deceased donor, transplantation programs for many years: the difficult-to-match patients. This population consists of highly immunized and/or ABO blood group O or B patients. METHODS To improve their chances, Computerized Integration of Alternative Transplantation programs (CIAT) were developed to integrate kidney paired donation, altruistic/unspecified donation, and ABO and HLA desensitization. To compare CIAT with reality, a simulation was performed, including all patients, donors, and pairs who participated in our programs in 2015-2016. Criteria for inclusion as difficult-to-match, selected-highly immunized (sHI) patient were as follows: virtual panel reactive antibody >85% and participating for 2 years in Eurotransplant Acceptable Mismatch program. sHI patients were given priority, and ABO blood group incompatible (ABOi) and/or HLA incompatible (HLAi) matching with donor-specific antigen-mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) <8000 were allowed. For long-waiting blood group O or B patients, ABOi matches were allowed. RESULTS In reality, 90 alternative program transplantations were carried out: 73 compatible, 16 ABOi, and 1 both ABOi and HLAi combination. Simulation with CIAT resulted in 95 hypothetical transplantations: 83 compatible (including 1 sHI) and 5 ABOi combinations. Eight sHI patients were matched: 1 compatible, 6 HLAi with donor-specific antigen-MFI <8000 (1 also ABOi), and 1 ABOi match. Six/eight combinations for sHI patients were complement-dependent cytotoxicity cross-match negative. CONCLUSIONS CIAT led to 8 times more matches for difficult-to-match sHI patients. This offers them better chances because of a more favorable MFI profile against the new donor. Besides, more ABO compatible matches were found for ABOi couples, while total number of transplantations was not hampered. Prioritizing difficult-to-match patients improves their chances without affecting the chances of regular patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marry de Klerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marcia L Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willij C Zuidema
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Roelen
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan Glorie
- Erasmus Q-Intelligence, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke I Roodnat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya R Panch
- From the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Celina Montemayor-Garcia
- From the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Harvey G Klein
- From the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Do J, Motz P, Parikh P. Case 3: Severe Anemia in a Term Newborn. Neoreviews 2019; 20:e45-e47. [PMID: 31261074 DOI: 10.1542/neo.20-1-e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Do
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Patrick Motz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Pratik Parikh
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee EC, Kim SH, Shim JR, Park SJ. A comparison of desensitization methods: Rituximab with/without plasmapheresis in ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2018; 17:119-125. [PMID: 29576278 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmapheresis is a desensitization method used prior to ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) living donor liver transplantation. However, studies on its usefulness in the rituximab era are lacking. METHODS Fifty-six adult patients underwent ABO-I living donor liver transplantation between January 2012 and October 2015. A single dose of rituximab (300 mg/m2) was administered 2 weeks before surgery with plasmapheresis in all patients until February 2014 (RP group, n = 26). Patients were administered rituximab only, without plasmapheresis between March 2014 and October 2015 (RO group, n = 30). RESULTS The 6-, 12- and 18-month overall survival rates were 92.3%, 80.8% and 76.9% in the RP group and 96.6%, 85.4% and 85.4% in the RO group, respectively (P = 0.574). When the initial isoagglutinin titers < 16, neither group showed a rebound rise of isoagglutinin titers. For patients with initial isoagglutinin titers ≥ 16, the rebound rise of isoagglutinin titers was more prominent in the RP group. There was no difference in time-dependent changes in B cell subpopulations and ABO-I-related complications. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient desensitization for ABO-I living donor liver transplantation can be achieved using rituximab alone. This desensitization strategy does not affect the isoagglutinin titers, ABO-I-related complications and patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eung Chang Lee
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Ryong Shim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Park
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodriguez RJ, Addonizio LJ, Lamour JM, Mital S, Mosca R, West LJ, Nova JC, Hsu DT. Pediatric Heart Transplantation across ABO Blood Type Barriers: A Case Study. Prog Transplant 2016; 15:161-5. [PMID: 16013465 DOI: 10.1177/152692480501500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart transplantation with ABO blood type–incompatible donors has historically been contraindicated because of the high risk of an immediate hyperacute humoral graft rejection. The immature neonatal immune system presents an immunologic window that allows for breaching the ABO barrier before the natural development of anti-ABO antibodies. Information from a small series of neonates has demonstrated similar survival rates and posttransplant outcomes compared to ABO-compatible transplantations. In the posttransplant period, particular attention is placed on the surveillance of graft-specific antibody production and monitoring for immunologic signs and symptoms of early graft vasculopathy. This article presents a case study of a neonate with congenital heart disease who underwent one of the first successful ABO-incompatible heart transplantations in the United States.
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Jensen KG, Gürtler H, Bruusgaard A. Blood transfusion reaction caused by serum group incompatibility. Bibl Haematol 2015; 29:327-31. [PMID: 5701938 DOI: 10.1159/000384629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
9
|
Rostaing L, Maggioni S, Hecht C, Hermelin M, Faudel E, Kamar N, Sallusto F, Doumerc N, Allal A. Efficacy and safety of tandem hemodialysis and immunoadsorption to desensitize kidney transplant candidates. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2015; 13 Suppl 1:165-169. [PMID: 25894148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted a desensitization program in our center in patients undergoing kidney transplant for end-stage renal disease. These patients had a living-donor either ABO incompatible and/or human-leukocyte antigen-incompatible. The safety and efficacy of this program were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pretransplant desensitization program relies on immunosuppressants and apheresis to remove detrimental antibodies. We chose immunoadsorption as the apheresis technique, and coupled this with hemodialysis in a tandem procedure. RESULTS We report on the efficacy of this new method in 120 procedures performed in 20 patients (14 ABO incompatible, 6 ABO incompatible/human leukocyte antigen-incompatible). The tandem procedure was well tolerated, and saved time compared with conducting sequential immunoadsorption and hemodialysis (6 h vs 10 h). The tandem procedure was associated with significantly decreased isoagglutinin titers and donor-specific alloantibodies (assessed by mean fluorescence intensity). Dialysance was effective (183, 102-264). The biochemical and hematologic parameters were similar to those observed after a conventional hemodialysis session, with the exception of protidemia; this might be related to some degree of albumin loss during the immunoadsoprtion procedure. The posttransplant events included 1) one ABO incompatible / human leukocyte antigenincompatible patient with vein thrombosis and ultimate kidney loss; 2) two patients with steroidsensitive cellular acute rejection; and 3) two patients with acute antibody-mediated rejection, which was successfully treated with apheresis and steroid pulses, plus rituximab in one and eculizumab in the other. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the tandem immunoadsorption-hemodialysis procedure is efficient at desensitizing patients with end-stage renal disease who are candidates for a living ABO incompatible and/or human leukocyte antigenincompatible donor-kidney transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Rostaing
- From the Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospital Toulouse, France; the Department of Urology, Transplantation, and Andrology; and the INSERM U563, IFR-BMT, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aikawa A, Saito K, Takahashi K. Trends in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2015; 13 Suppl 1:18-22. [PMID: 25894122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation was developed in Japan in 1989. Currently, most transplant physicians and surgeons have noted that outcomes are unexpectedly excellent, and no hyperacute rejections have been reported since 2001. In the registry of the Japanese ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation Committee, the data of 2434 ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplants were collected from 120 Japanese kidney transplant centers. Overall patient and graft survival rates were 97% and 94% at 1 year, 93% and 86% at 5 years, 90% and 71% at 10 years, and 73% and 52% at 20 years. The patient survival and graft rates in 2001 to 2012 were 93% and 81%, which were significantly better than 83% and 55% reported in 1989 to 2000. The addition of novel immunosuppressive treatments has improved results. Azathioprine has been replaced by mycophenolate mofetil since 2000 to 2001, and basiliximab and rituximab were introduced in 2002 and 2004. The titer of antidonor blood group antibody before transplantation was not correlated with graft survival in 2001 to 2012. De novo antibodies against vascular endothelium of peritubular and glomerular capillaries seemed to be more important than natural antibodies against red blood cells. Therefore, recipients with antidonor blood group antibody titers < 1:128 did not require antibody-removal procedures such as plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption. In particular, children (regard less of their peritoneal dialysis status) do not need to be catheterized for plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption. It is better to avoid the risks of catheterization and antibody removal procedures in children with end-stage renal failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Aikawa
- From the Department of Nephrology, Toho University and Department of Urology, Niigata University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gönenç G, Işçi H, Yiğiter AB, Hançer V, Büyükdoğan M, Güdücü N, Dünder I. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhD by using free fetal DNA. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2015; 42:344-346. [PMID: 26152007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-D immunoglobulin is applied to all pregnant women having RhD incompatibility to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn. The aim of this study is to determine fetal RhD status in the Rh incompatible pregnancies with an non-invasive technique; free fetal DNA isolation from maternal circulation. In the case of Rh incompatibility especially with a history of previous fetal anemia, it can be beneficial to know Rh status antenatally in terms of monitoring fetuses with Rh positive [RhD(+)] status consciously. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total free DNA was isolated in 50 Rh negative [RhD(-)] pregnant women, who had RhD alloimmunisation with their husbands. The gene in isolated DNA was investigated with TagMan prob and real time PCR by using primers belonging to exon 7 of the RhD gene. RESULTS The authors analyzed 50 RhD(-) women by using quantitative real time PCR technique. Five of them were RhD(-) and the rest of them were found to be RhD(+). After birth one of the infants who were analyzed as RhD(+) were found to be RhD(-). CONCLUSION The detection of fetal RhD status by using a non-invasive method from maternal circulation was found to be possible. Assessing fetal RhD status non-invasively by using free fetal DNA in maternal blood will be cost-efficient, avoiding unnecessary indirect Coombs test and unnecessary Rhogam applications that is used in RH incompatible pregnancies. This study will throw a fresh light on prenatal diagnosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tasker S, Barker EN, Day MJ, Helps CR. Feline blood genotyping versus phenotyping, and detection of non-AB blood type incompatibilities in UK cats. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:185-9. [PMID: 24697343 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between AB blood phenotyping and genotyping and determine whether non-AB blood type incompatibilities exist in UK cats. METHODS Blood samples underwent phenotyping (A, B or AB) using microplate agglutination, and genotyping (AA, Ab or bb) using pyrosequencing of a fragment of the cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene. Non-AB blood type incompatibilities were investigated by cross-matching against reference blood of the same phenotype. RESULTS Of 112 cats tested, 86 (77%) were blood phenotype A, 19 (17%) type B and 7 (6%) type AB. Genotype and initial phenotype agreed in 96% (107 of 112) of cats, but 5 were discordant; these were all B phenotype with either AA (n=2) or Ab (n=3) genotype. Two of the five cats had repeat blood samples tested: one was reclassified as phenotype A; the other remained phenotype B. Two cats had incompatibilities on minor cross-match, but these were attributed to phenotyping errors. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Unknown mutation(s) associated with phenotype B, resulting in false AA or Ab genotyping, were evident in a small number of cases in this study. No conclusive evidence for non-AB blood type incompatibilities was found.
Collapse
|
13
|
Diarra AB, Guindo A, Kouriba B, Dorie A, Diabaté DT, Diawara SI, Fané B, Touré BA, Traoré A, Gulbis B, Diallo DA. [Sickle cell anemia and transfusion safety in Bamako, Mali. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections and alloimmunization belonged to Rh and Kell systems in sickle cell anemia patients]. Transfus Clin Biol 2013; 20:476-81. [PMID: 23916574 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2013.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Red cell transfusion is one of the main treatments in sickle cell disease. However there are potential risks of blood transfusions. In order to propose strategies to improve blood safety in sickle cell disease in Mali, we conducted a prospective study of 133 patients with sickle cell anemia recruited at the sickle cell disease research and control center of Bamako, November 2010 to October 2011. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections by serum screening and the frequency of red cell alloimmunization before and after blood transfusion. The diagnosis of sickle cell syndrome was made by HPLC, the detection of markers of viral infection was performed by ELISA, and the diagnosis of alloimmunization was conducted by the Indirect Coombs test. Prevalence of viral infections observed at the time of enrolment of patients in the study was 1%, 3% and 1% respectively for HIV, HBV and HCV. Three cases of seroconversion after blood transfusion were detected, including one for HIV, one for HBV and one another for HCV in sickle cell anemia patients. All these patients had received blood from occasional donors. The red cell alloimmunization was observed in 4.4% of patients. All antibodies belonged to Rh system only. Blood transfusion safety in sickle cell anemia patients in Mali should be improved by the introduction of at least the technique for detecting the viral genome in the panel of screening tests and a policy of transfusions of blood units only from regular blood donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Diarra
- Centre national de transfusion sanguine, BP : E-344, Bamako, Mali.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Delmonte L, Cantini M, Olivieri O, De Franceschi L. Immunoglobulin-resistant delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction treated with rituximab in an adult sickle cell patient. Transfusion 2013; 53:688-9. [PMID: 23473065 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Karafin MS, Blagg L, Tobian AAR, King KE, Ness PM, Savage WJ. ABO antibody titers are not predictive of hemolytic reactions due to plasma-incompatible platelet transfusions. Transfusion 2012; 52:2087-93. [PMID: 22339320 PMCID: PMC3360137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) from plasma (minor)-incompatible platelet (PLT) transfusions and the role of a critical anti-A or anti-B titer in predicting and preventing these reactions has not been clearly established. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated all apheresis PLT (AP) transfusions for 3 months. Using the gel titer method, we determined the anti-A and/or the anti-B immunoglobulin (Ig)G titer for all incompatible APs. Reported febrile transfusion reactions and HTRs were recorded; transfusions were not prospectively evaluated by the study team. A posttransfusion direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and eluate were performed after a reported febrile or hemolytic reaction for patients who received plasma-incompatible APs. RESULTS A total of 647 of 4288 AP transfusions (15.1%) were plasma incompatible. Group O APs (n = 278) had significantly higher anti-A and anti-B titers than group A or B APs (p < 0.0001). No group A or B APs had a titer of more than 128 (0/342). For group O APs, 73 had titers of 256 or greater (26.3%), and 27 had titers of 512 or greater (9.7%). No HTRs were reported to any plasma-incompatible AP transfusion during the study period. Two plasma-incompatible AP transfusions were associated with fever and chills and positive DATs, of which one had a positive eluate. The incidence of a DAT and eluate-positive febrile transfusion reaction in the plasma-incompatible AP population is 0.15% (95% confidence interval, 0.0%-0.86%). CONCLUSION A critical anti-A or -B titer is not sufficient to predict the risk of hemolysis in patients receiving plasma-incompatible APs, although underreporting of reactions to the blood bank may limit the generalizability of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorraine Blagg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Karen E. King
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paul M. Ness
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Card E, Nelson D, Jeskey M, Miller A, Michaels D, Hardeman W, Hale M, Morse J, St Jacques P, Berry J. Early detection of a blood transfusion reaction utilizing a wireless remote monitoring device. Medsurg Nurs 2012; 21:299-308. [PMID: 23243788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Continuously monitoring vital signs on general care units may provide earlier detection and intervention of instabilities in patients. These earlier interventions could prevent deaths and admission to critical care units, thereby increasing patient safety and improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Card
- Perioperative Clinical Research Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Although hemagglutination serves the immunohematology reference laboratory well, when used alone, it has limited capability to resolve complex problems. This overview discusses how molecular approaches can be used in the immunohematology reference laboratory. In order to apply molecular approaches to immunohematology, knowledge of genes, DNA-based methods, and the molecular bases of blood groups are required. When applied correctly, DNA-based methods can predict blood groups to resolve ABO/Rh discrepancies, identify variant alleles, and screen donors for antigen-negative units. DNA-based testing in immunohematology is a valuable tool used to resolve blood group incompatibilities and to support patients in their transfusion needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion E Reid
- New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, Telephone: 212-570-3294 / Fax: 212-737-4935,
| | - Gregory A Denomme
- Blood Center of Wisconsin, 638 18 Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, Telephone: 414-937-6440 / Fax: 414-937-6404,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Finck RH, Davis RJ, Teng S, Goldfinger D, Ziman AF, Lu Q, Yuan S. Performance of an automated solid-phase red cell adherence system compared with that of a manual gel microcolumn assay for the identification of antibodies eluted from red blood cells. Immunohematology 2011; 27:1-5. [PMID: 22356479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
IgG antibodies coating red blood cells (RBCs) can be removed by elution procedures and their specificity determined by antibody identification studies. Although such testing is traditionally performed using the tube agglutination assay, prior studies have shown that the gel microcolumn (GMC) assay may also be used with comparable results. The purpose of this study was to compare an automated solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) system with a GMC assay for the detection of antibodies eluted from RBCs. Acid eluates from 51 peripheral blood (PB) and 7 cord blood (CB) samples were evaluated by both an automated SPRCA instrument and a manual GMC assay. The concordance rate between the two systems for peripheral RBC samples was 88.2 percent (45 of 51), including cases with alloantibodies (n = 8), warm autoantibodies (n = 12), antibodies with no identifiable specificity (n = 2), and negative results (n = 23). There were six discordant cases, of which four had alloantibodies (including anti-Jka, -E, and -e) demonstrable by the SPRCA system only. In the remaining 2 cases, anti-Fya and antibodies with no identifiable specificity were demonstrable by the GMC assay only. All seven CB specimens produced concordant results, showing anti-A (n = 3), -B (n = 1), maternal anti-Jka (n = 2), or a negative result (n = 1). Automated SPRCA technology has a performance that is comparable with that of a manual GMC assay for identifying antibodies eluted from PB and CB RBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H Finck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS A7-149, Box 107, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gunn J. Blood tests for investigating maternal wellbeing (3). Blood group and red blood cell antibody screening. Pract Midwife 2010; 13:46-49. [PMID: 21218713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Gunn
- Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Okubo M, Tate A, Maeda H, Suzuki M. [Test for blood group incompatibility in pregnancy]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68 Suppl 6:803-806. [PMID: 20942195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Okubo
- Transfusion Medicine & Cell Therapy, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kajiwara M. [Anti-D human immunoglobulin test]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68 Suppl 6:795-797. [PMID: 20942192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kajiwara
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Kaspi E, Mallié F, Gouvitsos J, Dettori I, Chiaroni J, Ferrera V. Comparison of three low-ionic-strength solutions for routine pretransfusion testing: antibody screening/identification, cross-matching, immune anti-ABO detection, and direct antiglobulin tests. Transfusion 2010; 49:2772-3. [PMID: 20163691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
Amrein K, Schmid P, Mansouri Taleghani B. Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction initially presenting as serum sickness like syndrome. Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20:e122-3. [PMID: 19712833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Tian MH, Halverson GR. Characterization of three novel monoclonal anti-OKa. Immunohematology 2009; 25:174-178. [PMID: 20406026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Ok(a) was first described by Morel and Hamilton in 1979. The Ok(a) antigen has a very high incidence, and only eight probands that are Ok(a-) have been found; all are of Japanese heritage. In this study,we describe the generation and characterization of three novel monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), MIMA-25, MIMA-144, and MIMA-149. The reactivity of these three Mabs was compared with the original human polyclonal anti-Ok(a). Mice were immunized with transfected HEK cells to induce an immune response, and the spleen B lymphocytes were fused with mouse myeloma X63-Ag8.653 cells to form antibody-secreting hybridomas. The resulting Mabs were tested serologically, by flow cytometry, and by immunoblotting. The specificity of each antibody was determined after excluding specificities to common antigens in the Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, Lewis, Lutheran, P1, Colton, Diego, Xga, and Dombrock blood group systems. In each case only the Ok(a-)RBC sample was nonreactive. The Mabs and the original human anti-Ok(a) each have a unique pattern of reactivity when tested with enzyme-treated cells; however, none were reactive by immunoblotting. We have generated three novel anti-Ok(a) Mabs: MIMA-144 is an indirectly agglutinating IgG2b antibody, and MIMA-25 and MIMA-149 are directly agglutinating antibodies (IgM and IgA, respectively), underscoring their usefulness as typing reagents for the clinical laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Tian
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wester ES, Gustafsson J, Snell B, Spruell P, Hellberg A, Olsson ML, Storry JR. A simple screening assay for the most common JK*0 alleles revealed compound heterozygosity in Jk(a-b-) probands from Guam. Immunohematology 2009; 25:165-9. [PMID: 20406024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Jk(a-b-) phenotype results from alterations in the JK gene and is characterized by absence of the RBC urea transporter in the cell membrane. The frequency of Jk(a-b-) varies among populations,but this phenotype is most commonly found in people of Polynesian and Finnish descent. Although rare, Jk(a-b-) individuals present a clinical challenge because anti-Jk3 is produced readily in response to transfusion and pregnancy, and Jk(a-b-) blood is not routinely available. Identification of Jk(a-b-) patients and donors is most often performed serologically. However, ten JK*0 alleles have been identified, and this information can be used in DNA-based typing. We selected five JK*0 alleles that had been encountered by our reference laboratory in two or more samples from unrelated individuals and designed an allele-specific primer PCR assay for use as an initial screening tool. After in-house validation,we tested genomic DNA from a family: a mother and her two sons referred to us for genetic investigation of their Jk(a-b-)phenotypes. Two different nucleotide substitutions, -1g>a in intron 5 (IVS5) and 956C>T in exon 10, originally associated with Polynesian and Indian/African populations respectively, were identified in the family. The mother and one son were compound heterozygotes, and the second son was homozygous for IVS5-1g>a. We conclude that the effort to design and validate such a screening assay was cost-efficient when compared with DNA sequencing costs. Furthermore, selection of the more common JK*0 mutations was a practical approach that resulted in rapid identification of the genetic bases behind the Jk(a-b-) phenotypes in this unusual family. Although an obvious target for eventual inclusion into high-throughput genotyping platforms for clinical diagnostic services, current systems are very limited. Our approach provides a simple and inexpensive method for the identification of these rare alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Wester
- Nordic Reference Laboratory for Blood Group Genomic Typing, Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Thompson CL, Edwards C, Stout L. Blood transfusions. 2: Signs and symptoms of acute reactions. Nurs Times 2008; 104:28-29. [PMID: 18293877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This two-part unit focuses on monitoring patients who have blood transfusions. The first part emphasised the importance of visual observations and monitoring patients' vital signs to ensure rapid action should there be any adverse effects. This second part describes the physiology behind the signs and symptoms of a blood transfusion reaction.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hassab AH, Sorour AF, Ahmed MIS, Salama MAS, Aly AK. Antibody screening in repeatedly transfused patients. Egypt J Immunol 2008; 15:1-14. [PMID: 20306683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of pretransfusion compatibility testing is to prevent immune mediated hemolytic transfusion reactions. Our study aimed to evaluate the gel test for detection of clinically significant antibodies in repeatedly transfused patients. We investigated 200 thalassemic patients in whom, blood group, Rh-D, Rh phenotype determination, antibody screening and identification were done using an ID Microtyping System. Red cell alloantibodies were detected in 21 patients (10.5%). Among these patients, Anti-E was detected in 5 (23.8%), anti-D in 4 (19%), anti-K in 4 (19%), anti-e in 3 (14.3%) and each of anti-Fy(a), anti-Js(a), anti-Lu(a), anti-N and anti-s in one patient (4.8%). Anti-E showed the highest frequency in the 21 positive cases that developed clinically significant antibodies. The study revealed statistically significant correlation between development of transfusion reactions, frequency of blood transfusion and the duration of blood transfusion with the incidence of development of clinically significant alloantibodies. It is concluded that the gel test is an easy, quick and reliable method for detecting clinically significant antibodies. Antibody screening and identification is recommended prior to transfusion to detect if there is blood group incompatibility other than the ABO and Rh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina H Hassab
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED The HPA-15 platelet (PLT) group was recently described. Severe neonatal thrombocytopenia due to alloimmunization by HPA-15b has very rarely been observed. A 22-year-old mother, gravida 1/para 1, gave birth to a male infant who presented with a severe thrombocytopenia, the PLT count recorded to be 3 x10(9)/L. A few hours after birth, he developed purpura with extensive haematomas but without visceral or intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). Two PLT transfusions were given including one using maternal PLTs. The infant's PLT count was 267 x 10(9)/L on day 6. The maternal platelet group was HPA-15a/a and her infant was HPA-15a/b. Anti-HPA-15b antibodies was found in maternal serum. CONCLUSION HPA-15b maternal alloimmunization may induce severe neonatal thrombocytopenia. In order to establish the frequency of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) due to anti-HPA-15b antibodies, an improved detection method is necessary.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Human Platelet/blood
- Antigens, Human Platelet/immunology
- Blood Group Incompatibility/complications
- Blood Group Incompatibility/diagnosis
- Blood Group Incompatibility/therapy
- Cesarean Section
- Female
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Platelet Transfusion
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic/etiology
- Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune/diagnosis
- Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune/immunology
- Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune/therapy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Moncharmont
- French Blood Establishment, Rhône-Alpes Lyon Department, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miyata R, Shimazu M, Tanabe M, Kawachi S, Hoshino K, Wakabayashi G, Kawai Y, Kitajima M. Clinical characteristics of thrombotic microangiopathy following ABO incompatible living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2007; 13:1455-62. [PMID: 17902122 DOI: 10.1002/lt.21253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) may develop after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), but the mechanism is not fully understood. We retrospectively analyzed all patients undergoing LDLT at our center, including TMA patients, to elucidate the clinical characteristics and presentation and to determine which patients have a higher risk of occurrence of TMA. In all, 57 adult patients were reviewed after LDLT at our institution. TMA was diagnosed by sudden and severe thrombocytopenia, followed by hemolytic anemia with fractionated erythrocytes in the blood smear. Clinical features were compared between the TMA group and the non-TMA group. Of the 57 patients, 4 were diagnosed with posttransplantation TMA. ABO blood group (ABO)-incompatibility, cyclophosphamide (CPA), and recipient blood group (type O) were closely correlated with the occurrence of TMA. Thrombocytopenia appeared 1 to 5 days before hemolytic anemia. Coagulative function markers stayed at the same level after TMA, while marked elevation was shown in fibrinolytic function markers such as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). TMA occurred at a higher prevalence in ABO-incompatible graft recipients. Additional factors associated with ABO-incompatible transplantation, such as an overdose of immunosuppressants, may affect the likelihood of TMA. Sudden and severe thrombocytopenia presented before hemolytic anemia and the serum levels of PAI-1 correlated well with the clinical course of TMA. In conclusion, early recognition of thrombocytopenia and elevation of PAI-1 is crucial to diagnose TMA especially in ABO-incompatible LDLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Miyata
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Patient safety in transplantation depends on accurate testing, transcription and transmission of the ABO types of the donor and recipient. Similar to 'near-miss' transfusion labeling errors, three cases of mislabeled ABO types on deceased donor kidney containers were recognized through a pretransplant verification process. Six steps to confirming the organ and ABO identification were developed to ensure safety of the patient and prevent liability for the transplant team and facility. In each case, rapid recognition and documentation of the error source, on site confirmation of the ABO type of the accompanying blood specimen, and full disclosure to the patient and family permitted safe transplantation and avoided the need to pursue a more conservative course that would have required discarding the organs. We advocate following these measures in determining whether to persevere with transplantation of a mislabeled organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Friedman
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lomas-Francis C, Yomtovian R, McGrath C, Walker PS, Reid ME. A confusion in antibody identification: anti-D production after anti-hrB. Immunohematology 2007; 23:158-160. [PMID: 18284306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that certain combinations of alloantibodies are frequently found together. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are mostly ofAfrican ancestry,and they may make anti-hrB. A transfusion of hrB- blood is often achieved by using e- (R2R2) RBCs; it is generally believed that hrB- patients readily make anti-E or a"broad-spectrum" anti-Rh34 (-HrB). We describe two multiply transfused D+ patients with SCD and a history of anti-hrB who subsequently produced anti- D. This raises the question whether anti-hrB together with anti-D is a more common antibody combination than anti-hrB with anti-E or anti-Rh34.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lomas-Francis
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nardozza LMM, Camano L, Fernandes Moron A, Chinen PA, Lobo GAR, Araújo Junior E. Anti-Diego alloimmunization: report of two cases. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2006; 275:495-7. [PMID: 17149586 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-006-0282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza
- Fetal Medicine Sector, Obstetrics Department, São Paulo Federal University-Paulista Medical School (UNIFESP-EPM), Av. Lopes de Azevedo, 888 CEP 05603-001, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Murawski M, Gryboś M, Zalewska D, Symonowicz K. [A case of Edwards' syndrome in pregnancy complicated by serologic incompatibility and preeclampsia]. Ginekol Pol 2006; 77:952-6. [PMID: 17373122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18) diagnosed in the third pregnancy trimester is described. The diagnosis was based on sonographic examination and cytogenetic amniocentesis. Lethal genetic fetal malformation determined the medical indication to preterm delivery. Additionally, serologic incompatibility during pregnancy was observed, as well as pregnancy induced hypertension turning into preeclampsia after the labour action was evoked. A caesarean section due to obstetric indications was done. Phenotype and lethal congenital malformations in the newborn have confirmed of the chromosome aberration prenatally diagnosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Murawski
- I Katedra i Klinika Ginekologii i Połoznictwa Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Boturão-Neto E, Chiba AK, Oliveira Barros MM, Barretto de Mello A, Fabron A, Orlando Bordin J. Anti-KEL7 (anti-Js(b)) alloimmunization diagnostic supported by molecular KEL*6,7 typing in a pregnant woman with previous intrauterine deaths. Transfus Apher Sci 2006; 35:217-21. [PMID: 17097348 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Anti-KEL7 (anti-Js(b)) is a rare antibody that has been related to haemolytic transfusion reactions and HDN. We report a case of anti-KEL7 alloimmunization detected in a pregnant woman who had an obstetric previous history of four miscarriages and one stillborn. Employing classical immunohematological techniques, we studied the propositus and her available relatives. Due to the unavailability of commercial anti-KEL6 and anti-KEL7 reagents, we used a KEL*6,7 genotyping method as an alternative tool to contribute with the identification of the alloantibody origin. The results of KEL genotyping showed that the propositus was KEL*6/6 homozygous, while her second partner was KEL*7/7 homozygous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmir Boturão-Neto
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo 04023-092, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Various low ionic strength diluents are used routinely for red cell alloantibody detection in the antiglobulin test to increase the rate of antibody association to antigen, thereby allowing a reduction in the incubation time while achieving optimal agglutination. Two commercial low ionic strength diluents (DiaMed ID-CellStab and Inverclyde LISS) were assessed using the DiaMed-ID LISS Coombs' microtube column system, to assess whether or not the choice of diluent influences red cell antibody detection. Effects of two low ionic strength diluents after 15-min incubation were assessed in 150 samples containing a wide range of typical red cell alloantibodies. Inverclyde LISS gave significantly higher reaction strengths in 25% of samples when compared with the same red cells suspended in ID-CellStab. Variation in reaction strengths ranged from 1+ to 2+, using Inverclyde LISS versus CellStab. Of 131 red cell alloantibodies directed against Rh, Kell, Kidd and Duffy antigens, Inverclyde LISS detected 90% after 15-min incubation, whereas 83% were detected with CellStab. This study suggests that Inverclyde LISS provides better red cell alloantibody detection than does ID-CellStab, and this may be due to the higher ionic strength of ID-CellStab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y A Skaik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Al-Azhar University, PO Box (1277, Gaza, Palestine.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The discovery of circulating cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma has opened up new possibilities for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Fetal DNA in maternal plasma has been used for the noninvasive prenatal determination of the RhD status of fetuses carried by RhD-negative pregnant women. In such analysis, the possible need of an internal control for the presence of detectable amounts of fetal DNA in a particular maternal plasma sample has been actively discussed. Recently, the development of a robust method for discriminating single nucleotide differences in plasma DNA using single allele base extension reaction (SABER) followed by matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has opened up the possibilities of using a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms as such a positive control. A second approach is the recent successful development of fetal epigenetic markers which can be developed into universal fetal DNA markers. These developments hold promise to allow the eventual widespread utilization of maternal plasma DNA analysis for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of blood group mismatches between the mother and fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M D Lo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The existence of cell free fetal DNA, derived from apoptotic syncytiotrophoblast, in the maternal circulation has opened new possibilities of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Although still some technical problems exists, especially the lack of a generic positive control on the presence of fetal DNA and the aspecific amplification of background maternal DNA, non-invasive prenatal RHD typing has been successfully introduced in several laboratories, especially in Europe. The diagnostic accuracy reaches>99%. In the Netherlands PCR guided administration of antenatal anti-D prophylaxis is cost-effective and nearby. In this review the main characteristics and applications of cell free fetal DNA are discussed, with an emphasis on prenatal RHD genotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Van der Schoot
- Department of experimental immunohematology, Sanquin Research, 125, Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu F, Liu J. Possible insensitivity of the polybrene antibody screen to detect anti-Jka. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2006; 36:101-2. [PMID: 16501244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) occurred in a 28-yr-old gravida immediately after transfusion with leukocyte-reduced red cells. The patient gave no history of prior transfusion. Initial serologic testing by the polybrene method was negative for both antibody screening and cross-matching. Further testing by the indirect anti-globulin test (IAT) demonstrated the presence of anti-Jka antibodies. These observations suggest a limitation in polybrene testing for Jka antibodies associated with hemolytic transfusions. Caution is advised when the polybrene test is used as the sole determinant for anti-Jka.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Liu
- M.S., Blood Group Reference Laboratory, Dongguan Blood Center, Humen Town, Dongguan, Guangdong 523930, P.R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Immunologic incompatibilities between donor and recipient have limited the access to renal transplantation for many patients. Previously the presence of donor-specific alloantibodies directed against donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens or natural antibodies directed against donor ABO blood group antigens was considered an absolute contraindication to renal transplantation. However, with the current understanding of humoral immune responses, superior immunosuppressive agents, and improved diagnosis and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection, renal transplantation can be safely performed with outstanding results despite the presence of donor-specific antibody. In this review we discuss the biology of antibody-mediated rejection and sensitization. We discuss the diagnostic tests necessary to characterize the type, affinity, and avidity of the donor-directed antibodies. Current methods for performing renal transplants across ABO and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-sensitized barriers are covered, including the potential morbidities. The rest of the review focuses on advances in managing these antibodies to increase the likelihood of receiving a deceased donor kidney or allow transplantation from a living donor against whom one has a prohibitive antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R John Crew
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Buiting AMJ, van Aken WG. [The practice guideline 'Blood transfusion' (third integral revision)]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005; 149:2613-8. [PMID: 16355573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The revised and expanded practice guideline 'Blood transfusion' describes the whole transfusion chain within the hospital for the first time. Despite compatibility tests before transfusion (determination of the ABO and Rhesus blood groups and detection of clinically relevant antibodies (C, c, D, E, e, Fy(a), Fy(b), Jk(a), Jk(b), M, S and s)), transfusion reactions can occur. So that a transfusion reaction can be recognised in time, the patient must be observed intensively for the first 5-10 minutes after the start of any new transfusion and the vital functions must be recorded. In patients with a Hb level of 4-6 mmol/l, the decision whether or not to transfuse should be made dependent on the patient's other characteristics. Thrombocyte transfusion is not indicated in case of thrombopenia due to increased breakdown or pooling. If leukaemia, tumour infiltration or drug toxicity is the underlying cause of thrombopenia, then a platelet count of 10 x 10(9)/l or 20 x 10(9)/l should be the transfusion trigger. Reduction of the number of blood transfusions can be achieved by the administration of epoetin in case of renal insufficiency: transfusion can thus be avoided in more than 70% of the patients concerned. Autotransfusion during surgery with severe blood loss also results in a reduction of the number of allogenic blood transfusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M J Buiting
- Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de Gezondheidszorg CBO, Postbus 20.064, 3502 LB Utrecht.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pachydakis A, Belgaumkar P, Sharmah A. Persistent scalp bleeding due to fetal coagulopathy following fetal blood sampling. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005; 92:69-70. [PMID: 16253258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2005.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pachydakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital, Margate, Kent, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rouger P, Ansart-Pirenne H, Le Pennec PY. [Annual Report 2004 - French National Reference Centre for Rare Blood Groups and Immunohaematology (CNRGS)]. Transfus Clin Biol 2005; 12:345-52. [PMID: 16153870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2004, the French Reference Centre for Rare Blood Groups and Immunohaematology (CNRGS) developed 7 types of activities: 1) Studies of complex Immunohaematology issues (IH), 2) Studies of rare blood phenotypes, 3) the transfusion of patients showing complex issues, 4) IH reactive control in consistency with the 98/79/CE European Directive, 5) European studies and expertise on reactives and techniques, 6) Biotechnologies applied to blood groups, in particular RH, KEL, FY, JK, DO and CO, 7) Implementation of allo-immunization research programs (cellular immunology and grafting issues). The CNRGS efficiency is based on the 'reference-research' link thanks to the Inserm partnership and direct applications to patients allowing to a better risk management and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Rouger
- Institut national de la transfusion sanguine (INTS), Inserm U665, université Pierre-et-Marie-CURIE, Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kitamura K. [Cross matching test]. Nihon Rinsho 2005; 63 Suppl 7:709-12. [PMID: 16111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Kitamura
- International Research Center for Medical Education, University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Miquel E, Cavelier B, Bonneau JC, Rouger P. [Foetomaternal erythrocyte incompatibilities: from immunohaematologic surveillance of pregnant women to haemolytic disease of the newborn]. Transfus Clin Biol 2005; 12:45-55. [PMID: 15814293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the generalization of prevention measures against foetomaternal alloimmunization with anti-D immunoprophylaxis since 1970s, retrospectively 30 years later, its complications (new-born child's severe haemolytic disease, foetal death by anemia or nuclear icterus by bilirubin encephalopathy) have not disappeared. At the same time, alloimmunizations against antigens other than D increase with no possible prevention. As part of the set up in France of regional files analysing and making an inventory of serious foetomaternal incompatibilities requiring in utero or neonatal transfusion, we felt the need to synthesize current data, biological profiles (early screening of erythrocytic alloimmunization and its follow up during pregnancy, father's immunohaematologic status, evaluation of in utero immune haemolysis and impact of new non invasive techniques of diagnosis-RH1 foetal genotypage from ADN foetal of RH1--mothers' maternal plasma), clinical and paraclinical data (evaluation of foetal haemolysis by echography, recording of foetal movements and foetal cardiac rhythm), therapeutic indicators (in utero foetal transfusions or exsanguinotransfusions, neo and postnatal transfusions or exsanguinotransfusions, induced premature labour, newborn's intensive continue phototherapy and Rhesus immunoprophylaxis) in order to enable medical and paramedical professionals to carry out the specific supervision of pregnancies with foetomaternal incompatibility, the in utero, neo- and postnatal treatment of child and the efficient therapeutic prevention of anti-D alloimmunization, in a cooperative way.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/blood
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/chemistry
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology
- Blood Group Antigens/genetics
- Blood Group Antigens/immunology
- Blood Group Incompatibility/diagnosis
- Blood Grouping and Crossmatching
- Blood Transfusion
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/epidemiology
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/etiology
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/prevention & control
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/therapy
- Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood
- Female
- Fetal Blood/immunology
- Fetal Death/epidemiology
- Fetal Death/etiology
- Fetal Death/immunology
- Fetal Death/prevention & control
- France
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Isoantibodies/blood
- Isoantibodies/immunology
- Jaundice, Neonatal/epidemiology
- Jaundice, Neonatal/etiology
- Jaundice, Neonatal/prevention & control
- Male
- Mass Screening
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange
- Models, Molecular
- Pregnancy/blood
- Pregnancy/immunology
- Prenatal Care
- Protein Conformation
- Rh Isoimmunization/immunology
- Rh Isoimmunization/prevention & control
- Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics
- Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/immunology
- Rho(D) Immune Globulin
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Miquel
- Etablissement français du sang, NORMANDIE, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of immunohemolytic reaction owing to ABO-mismatched mistransfusion is 100 to 1000 times higher than the risk of viral infection. Like analysis of incident reports, evaluation of near-miss events can provide useful insight into hazardous situations for mis-matched blood transfusion. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the incidence and root causes of all ABO discrepancies, detected by a central hematology laboratory, in blood samples referred from 35 district hospitals. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS ABO discrepancies were detected by comparing either two current blood specimens or a current and historical specimen collected over a 5-year study period. Discrepancies were investigated by retyping new samples, checking sample identification, and reviewing previous hospital records. RESULTS A total of 118 ABO discrepancies were discovered in a series of 407,769 tests carried out during the study period. The incidence of ABO discrepancies was 1 per 3,400. This figure was 10 times higher than the incidence of ABO-mismatched transfusions. Most of these ABO discrepancies were due to phlebotomy errors, that is, collection from wrong patient. The second most common cause involved clerical errors during patient registration or identification. CONCLUSION ABO discrepancies can result from errors made not only by the medical staff during phlebotomy but also to by the clerical staff during registration and identification. These findings emphasize the need to standardize data transmission between health care personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chiaroni
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, French Establishment of Health of the Alps-Mediterranean (EFS-AM), Marseille, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gustafsson L, Wikman A, Lundahl J. Evaluation of a modified IAT-gel with polyethylenglycol (PEG) addition method for red blood cell antibody identification. J Clin Lab Anal 2004; 18:165-9. [PMID: 15103680 PMCID: PMC6807770 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether a PEG-IAT method, modified for gel technique, could replace the two-stage enzyme method for routine identification of red blood cell (RBC) antibodies.A total of 161 selected patient samples were analyzed with the two-stage enzyme tube technique and the PEG-IAT in gel techniques. In 65 samples, identical antibody results were obtained by the two methods. An additional 28 antibodies were identified by either the PEG-IAT gel method or the enzyme method. Twenty antibodies were identified by the PEG-IAT gel method only (12 Rh antibodies, four anti-Kell, two anti-Fya, two anti-Jka), and eight antibodies by the enzyme method only (four Rh antibodies, one anti-K, one anti-Jka, two anti-Lea). The results in the remaining 68 samples were judged as nonspecific reactions, which were more common when the enzyme method was used. We concluded that the PEG-IAT in gel method identifies more RBC antibodies with less nonspecific reactions than the two-stage enzyme technique. However, no single method detected all clinical significant RBC antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Wikman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Lundahl
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Siitonen T, Koistinen P. [Prophylactic platelet transfusion in patients with hematologic diseases]. Duodecim 2004; 120:877-84. [PMID: 15154309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
|
50
|
Abstract
This obstetric case shows two false negative Kleihauer tests and two persistently positive Kleihauer tests leading to unnecessary administration of anti-D immunoglobulin. A diagnosis of hereditary persistence foetal haemoglobin (HPFH) was only confirmed by access to flow cytometry making use of both anti-HbF and anti-D labels. The case highlights the importance of a high index of clinical suspicion for HPFH and the importance of access to flow cytometry estimation of minor RhD red cell populations postnatally in RhD-negative mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Iyer
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|