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Herrington CS, Oswald AJ, Stillie LJ, Croy I, Churchman M, Hollis RL. Compartment-specific multiomic profiling identifies SRC and GNAS as candidate drivers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian carcinosarcoma. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:327-335. [PMID: 38097740 PMCID: PMC10803731 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an exceptionally aggressive and understudied ovarian cancer type harbouring distinct carcinomatous and sarcomatous compartments. Here, we seek to identify shared and compartment-specific events that may represent potential therapeutic targets and candidate drivers of sarcomatous compartment formation through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS We performed multiomic profiling (exome sequencing, RNA-sequencing, microRNA profiling) of paired carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in 12 OCS cases. RESULTS While paired sarcomatous and carcinomatous compartments demonstrate substantial genomic similarities, multiple loci are recurrently copy number-altered between components; regions containing GNAS and SRC are recurrently gained within the sarcomatous compartment. CCNE1 gain is a common event in OCS, occurring more frequently than in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Transcriptomic analysis suggests increased MAPK activity and subtype switching toward poor prognosis HGSOC-derived transcriptomic subtypes within the sarcomatous component. The two compartments show global differences in microRNA profiles, with differentially expressed microRNAs targeting EMT-related genes (SIRT1, ZEB2) and regulators of pro-tumourigenic pathways (TGFβ, NOTCH); chrX is a highly enriched target of these microRNAs and is also frequently deleted across samples. The sarcomatous component harbours significantly fewer CD8-positive cells, suggesting poorer immune engagement. CONCLUSION CCNE1 gain and chrX loss are frequent in OCS. SRC gain, increased GNAS expression and microRNA dysregulation represent potential mechanisms driving sarcomatous compartment formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simon Herrington
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ailsa J Oswald
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorna J Stillie
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian Croy
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Churchman
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert L Hollis
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Semiz HS, Pala EE, Can B, Atag E, Gungor H, Sancı M. cERBB-2/Her-2 Neu Overexpression and Prognostic Significance in Uterine Carcinosarcoma. Turk Patoloji Derg 2023; 39:55-63. [PMID: 36178283 PMCID: PMC10518127 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2022.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is not enough data in the literature regarding Her-2 overexpression in uterine carcinosarcomas or its association with the prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the Her-2 overexpression rate in uterine carcinosarcoma and to evaluate its relationship with the prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD Her-2 protein and gene status were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), respectively, in hysterectomy specimens from 51 patients with uterine carcinosarcoma. RESULTS Her-2 protein expression in the epithelial component was negative in 42 patients (score 0 in 33 cases, score (+1) in 9 cases), score (+2) in 7 patients and score (+3) in 2 patients. None of the patients had Her-2 protein expression within the sarcomatous component of the tumors. Her-2 gene was not amplified in epithelial or mesenchymal tumor areas according to the FISH method. There was no difference between the Her-2 overexpression negative and positive groups in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Her-2 overexpression was significantly higher in tumors of patients diagnosed at 65 years or older (p=0.046). CONCLUSION In our study, no relationship could be shown between Her-2 overexpression and prognosis in uterine carcinosarcoma. More comprehensive studies are needed to illustrate the relationship between Her-2 overexpression and carcinosarcoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Salih Semiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emel Ebru Pala
- Department of Pathology, Health Science University, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Behzat Can
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Health Science University, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Atag
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Istanbul Haydarpaşa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gungor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Istanbul Haydarpaşa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Sancı
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Health Science University, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Edmondson RJ, O'Connell RL, Banerjee S, Mileshkin L, Sykes P, Beale P, Fisher A, Bonaventura A, Millan D, Nottley S, Benson C, Hamilton A, Sjoquist K, Alexander L, Kelly C, Carty K, Divers L, Bradshaw N, Friedlander M. Phase 2 study of anastrozole in rare cohorts of patients with estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive leiomyosarcomas and carcinosarcomas of the uterine corpus: The PARAGON trial (ANZGOG 0903). Gynecol Oncol 2021; 163:524-530. [PMID: 34625284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aromatase inhibitors have been used empirically to treat a subset of patients with hormone receptor positive uterine leiomyosarcomas(LMS) and carcinosarcomas (UCS) mainly supported by retrospective data. We evaluated the activity of anastrozole in two rare cohorts; patients with recurrent/metastatic LMS and UCS enrolled in PARAGON, a basket trial of anastrozole in estrogen receptor (ER+)/progesterone receptor positive (PR+) gynecological cancers. METHOD An investigator-initiated, single-arm, prospective open-label trial of anastrozole 1 mg/day in patients with ER &/or PR + ve LMS or UCS with measurable disease, treated until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was clinical benefit (complete/partial response + stable disease) rate (CBR) at 3 months. Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival (PFS), quality of life and toxicity. RESULTS 39 eligible patients were enrolled, 32 with LMS and 7 with UCS. For the LMS cohort CBR at 3 months was 35% (95% CI: 21-53%) with a median duration of clinical benefit of 5.8 months. Best response was a partial response in one patient. Two patients remained on treatment for more than one year. The median progression-free survival was 2.8 months (95% CI: 2.6-4.9). For the UCS cohort CBR at 3 months was 43% (95% CI: 16-75%) with a median duration of clinical benefit of 5.6 months. Stable disease was seen in 3 patients but no objective responses were seen. The median progression-free survival was 2.7 months (95% CI, 1.1-8.2). Safety was acceptable with 5/39 evaluable patients showing grade 3 toxicities. CONCLUSION Whilst objective response rates with anastrozole are low, the clinical benefit rate and good tolerance suggests that aromatase inhibitor therapy may have a role in a subset of patients with metastatic LMS and UCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Edmondson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
| | - R L O'Connell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Banerjee
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L Mileshkin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Sykes
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - P Beale
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Fisher
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK
| | - A Bonaventura
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - D Millan
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Nottley
- Royal Hospital for Women/Prince of Wales Hospital and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Benson
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Hamilton
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K Sjoquist
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Alexander
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - C Kelly
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - K Carty
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - L Divers
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - N Bradshaw
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Guo H, Wang S, Xie A, Sun W, Wei C, Xian S, Yin H, Li M, Sun H, Li H, Meng T, Zhang J, Huang Z. Ral GEF with the PH Domain and SH3 Binding Motif 1 Regulated by Splicing Factor Junction Plakoglobin and Pyrimidine Metabolism Are Prognostic in Uterine Carcinosarcoma. Dis Markers 2021; 2021:1484227. [PMID: 34745385 PMCID: PMC8568522 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1484227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a highly invasive malignant tumor that originated from the uterine epithelium. Many studies suggested that the abnormal changes of alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNA are related to the occurrence and metastasis of the tumor. This study investigates the mechanism of alternative splicing events (ASEs) in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of UCS. RNA-seq of UCS samples and alternative splicing event (ASE) data of UCS samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and TCGASpliceSeq databases, several times. Firstly, we performed the Cox regression analysis to identify the overall survival-related alternative splicing events (OSRASEs). Secondly, a multivariate model was applied to approach the prognostic values of the risk score. Afterwards, a coexpressed network between splicing factors (SFs) and OSRASEs was constructed. In order to explore the relationship between the potential prognostic signaling pathways and OSRASEs, we fabricated a network between these pathways and OSRASEs. Finally, validations from multidimension platforms were used to explain the results unambiguously. 1,040 OSRASEs were identified by Cox regression. Then, 6 OSRASEs were incorporated in a multivariable model by Lasso regression. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.957. The risk score rendered from the multivariate model was corroborated to be an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.001). In the network of SFs and ASEs, junction plakoglobin (JUP) noteworthily regulated RALGPS1-87608-AT (P < 0.001, R = 0.455). Additionally, RALGPS1-87608-AT (P = 0.006) showed a prominent relationship with distant metastasis. KEGG pathways related to prognosis of UCS were selected by gene set variation analysis (GSVA). The pyrimidine metabolism (P < 0.001, R = -0.470) was the key pathway coexpressed with RALGPS1. We considered that aberrant JUP significantly regulated RALGPS1-87608-AT and the pyrimidine metabolism pathway might play a significant part in the metastasis and prognosis of UCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Aiqing Xie
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenhuizi Sun
- Department of Gynaecology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlu Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhao J, Xiang C, Zhao R, Guo P, Zheng J, Han-Zhang H, Yu K, Zhang J, Han Y. Clinicopathologic features and genomic analysis of pulmonary blastomatoid carcinosarcoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:248. [PMID: 32209061 PMCID: PMC7092447 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the clinicopathologic features of pulmonary blastomatoid carcinosarcoma and explore the genomic profiles of epithelial and mesenchymal components in this tumor. METHODS Three cases of pulmonary blastomatoid carcinosarcoma were enrolled in this study. Clinicopathologic information and prognostic data were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry was performed. The epithelial and mesenchymal components were microdissected to investigate the genomic profiles by performing capture-based targeted next generation sequencing. RESULTS The epithelial components in patient one consisted of low-grade and high-grade fetal lung adenocarcinoma. Low-grade epithelial cells showed nuclear expression of β-catenin and missense mutation of CTNNB1. The epithelial components in another two patients consisted of high-grade fetal lung adenocarcinoma/enteric adenocarcinoma. The epithelial cells showed membrane staining of β-catenin and harbored no mutation of CTNNB1. The mesenchymal components in all three tumors were composed of primitive round/spindle cells without definite differentiation and showed cytoplasmic dot positive of β-catenin and no corresponding mutation. Within a tumor, both components exhibited relatively comparable molecular profile. In patient one, 4 mutations: RB1, FAT3, PTCH1 and LRP1B were shared by both epithelial and mesenchymal components. Epithelial component had additional mutations in BCOR, CTNNB1, CTCF, FAT1 and DICER1. In patient two, 12 mutations were shared. The epithelial component had BRCA2 mutation and the mesenchymal had mutations in CREBBP, ALK, DNMT3A, ASXL2, MYCN and RICTOR. Patient three had 6 shared mutations. The epithelial component had an additional mutation in KAT6A and the mesenchymal had an additional mutation in APC. Collectively, we observed heterogeneity between epithelial and mesenchymal components of the same tumor. CONCLUSIONS Blastomatoid carcinosarcoma showed characteristic morphology and immunophenotype. Parallel detection of genetic abnormalities in epithelial and mesenchymal components could provide further evidence for tumor differentiation, molecular targeting and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chan Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Han-Zhang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Yu
- Department of Bio-Bank, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Kwak HB, Park J, Kim HU, Nam KH, Yun SK. Cutaneous Carcinosarcoma: a Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 11 Korean Cases. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e5. [PMID: 30618513 PMCID: PMC6318441 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous carcinosarcoma is a rare biphasic tumor comprising malignant epithelial and heterologous mesenchymal elements. Data on the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of this tumor in Asian populations are not available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous carcinosarcoma in the Korean population. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 11 patients with cutaneous carcinosarcoma who were diagnosed from 2006 to 2016. RESULTS The mean patient age at diagnosis was 71.5 years (range, 43-96 years) and there was a men predilection. The most common site of cutaneous carcinosarcoma was the head and neck (8/11, 72.7%). Histopathologically, most tumors showed a characteristic morphology consisting of two types of tumor cells, varied differentiated epithelial cells (such as basal or squamous cells) and spindle cells with transition zones between the two components. These two cell types also demonstrated variable immunohistochemical characteristics. CONCLUSION Although the number of cases in this study was limited, our results provide valuable insight into the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of cutaneous carcinosarcoma in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Bin Kwak
- Department of Dermatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jin Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Han-Uk Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Nam
- Department of Dermatology, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seok-Kweon Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Shioga T, Matsushima S, Yamada E, Uchiyama T, Noto H, Suzuki D, Nonaka T, Miyazawa S, Komatsu T, Yamamoto Y, Sekido H, Niino H. Esophageal Carcinosarcoma that Was Diagnosed as a Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6-producing Tumor with a Tumor Fever. Intern Med 2018; 57:2819-2825. [PMID: 29780130 PMCID: PMC6207827 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0677-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 51-year-old man visited our hospital with a main complaint of precordial pain, difficulty swallowing, and pyrexia. The patient was diagnosed with esophageal carcinosarcoma, based on the characteristic morphology noted on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and histology tests, and he underwent surgical treatment. His preoperative blood granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were high, and the surgical specimens were positive in both immunohistochemical tests; therefore, he was diagnosed with a G-CSF- and IL-6-producing tumor. When pyrexia is seen as a paraneoplastic symptom, it is important to consider and investigate the possibility of a cytokine-producing tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Shioga
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shozo Matsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takashi Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Haruka Noto
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shiro Miyazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Komatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sekido
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niino
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Japan
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Schizas D, Mastoraki A, Bagias G, Ioannidi M, Kanavidis P, Moris D, Tsilimigras D, Spartalis E, Arkadopoulos N, Liakakos T. Carcinosarcomas of the esophagus: systematic review of a rare nosologic entity. J BUON 2018; 23:1432-1438. [PMID: 30570870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature of esophageal carcinosarcomas (ECS) and report epidemiologic and clinicopathologic data for this rare entity. We also attempted to shed light to the biologic behavior of ECSs with special reference to factors that may affect disease-free (DES) and overall survival (OS). METHODS A systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases (Search date: 12 May 2017). The search strategy referred to carcinosarcoma OR pseudosarcoma OR polypoid carcinoma OR sarcomatoid carcinoma OR spindle-cell squamous cell carcinoma OR metaplastic carcinoma OR pseudosarcomatous carcinoma AND esophagus. A total number of 103 ECS patients was identified. Results: ECs most frequently occur in middle-aged as well as elderly men with a history of smoking or drinking. Middle and/or lower esophagus remains the most common location. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the management of ECS by delineating the anatomic extent of the tumor and thereby determining the appropriate therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, immunohistochemistry is the gold standard for the diagnosis of carcinosarcomas, since it has been demonstrated that CEA, EMA, pancreatin, chromogranin A, CD56 and synaptophysin staining are highly specific markers for the carcinomatous components, while desmin, vimentin and smooth muscle/sarcomeric actin show affinity for the sarcomatous elements. Esophagectomy has been traditionally considered the treatment modality of choice. Endoscopic procedures, including mucosal resection and submucosal dissection have also been proposed. Alternative therapies, such as radio- and chemotherapy proved insufficient. CONCLUSION ECS is a rare tumor. Immunohistochemistry is the gold standard for the diagnosis of this disease. Esophagectomy has been traditionally considered the treatment modality of choice. Endoscopic procedures have also been proposed while potential benefit of alternative therapies, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Schizas
- 1st Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Richmond AM, Blake EA, Torkko K, Smith EE, Spillman MA, Post MD. Fascin Is Associated With Aggressive Behavior and Poor Outcome in Uterine Carcinosarcoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 27:1895-1903. [PMID: 28704324 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms underlying the histogenesis and aggressiveness of uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) are poorly understood; however, previous studies implicate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fascin is a proinvasive, actin-bundling protein and an important component of EMT. It is associated with poor outcomes in human carcinoma, especially in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors arising in organs normally expressing ER. We sought to evaluate fascin expression in UCS and its relationship to ER status, clinicopathologic indicators of tumor aggressiveness, and survival outcomes. METHOD Forty-four surgically staged cases of UCS were immunohistochemically evaluated for fascin and estrogen receptor-α expression and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters derived from electronic medical records and pathology reports. RESULTS Fascin was only expressed in malignant epithelium and mesenchyma and was uniformly absent in background benign counterparts. Increased expression was associated with extrapelvic disease (P = 0.028), higher stage (P = 0.021), larger tumor size (P = 0.032), shorter progression-free interval (P = 0.035), and reduced estrogen receptor-α expression (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Fascin is aberrantly expressed in both elements of UCS and is associated with aggressive behavior and worse outcome. As a component of EMT and mediator of invasion, fascin may serve as a target in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby M Richmond
- *Department of Pathology, and †Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Aurora, CO; and ‡Texas Oncology, Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX
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Inoue H, Hashimura M, Akiya M, Chiba R, Saegusa M. Functional role of ALK-related signal cascades on modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis in uterine carcinosarcoma. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:37. [PMID: 28193280 PMCID: PMC5307825 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which is a receptor tyrosine kinase, is essentially and transiently expressed in the developing nervous system. Recently, the deregulated expression of full-length ALK has been observed in some primary solid tumors, but little is known about its involvement in the tumorigenesis of uterine carcinosarcomas (UCSs). Here we examined the functional role of the ALK gene in UCSs. METHODS Regulation and function of the ALK gene were assessed using two endometrial carcinoma cell lines. Expression of ALK and its related molecules were also investigated using clinical samples of UCSs. RESULTS In cell lines, ALK promoter activity was significantly increased by transfection of Sox11 and N-myc, which are known to contribute to neuronal properties. Cells stably overexpressing full-length ALK showed an enhancement of EMT properties mediated by TGF-β1 and HGF, along with an increase in phosphorylated (p) Akt and nuclear p65. Overexpression of p65 also led to transactivation of Twist1 gene, known as an EMT inducer. Finally, treatment of the stable ALK-overexpressing cells with doxorubicin resulted in inhibition of apoptosis with progressive increase in the expression ratio of both pAkt and bcl2 relative to total Akt and bax, respectively. In clinical samples, strong cytoplasmic ALK immunoreactivity and mRNA signals without rearrangement or amplification of the ALK locus were frequently observed in UCSs, particularly in the sarcomatous components. Further, ALK IHC score was found to be positively correlated with Sox11, N-myc, Twist1, and bcl2 scores. CONCLUSION ALK-related signal cascades containing Akt, NF-κB, Twist1, and bcl2 may participate in initial signaling for divergent sarcomatous differentiation driven from carcinomatous components in UCSs through induction of the EMT process and inhibition of apoptotic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374 Kanagawa Japan
| | - M Hashimura
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374 Kanagawa Japan
| | - M Akiya
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374 Kanagawa Japan
| | - R Chiba
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374 Kanagawa Japan
| | - M Saegusa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374 Kanagawa Japan
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Abstract
An adult male mixed breed dog developed pain, on swallowing, that lasted for 1 week. Physical exam and radiographs revealed a subcutaneous mass in the cervical area and three metastatic nodules in the lung. The cervical mass was surgically removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Histopathologic diagnosis was carcinosarcoma supported by positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) results for cytokeratin and vimentin. IHC for thyroglobulin proved that the tissue of origin was the thyroid gland. This is the fifth canine case of thyroid carcinosarcoma to be documented, but the first one to be confirmed by specific cell markers. It is an extremely rare neoplasm that also occurs in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grubor
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
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Glaser G, Weroha SJ, Becker MA, Hou X, Enderica-Gonzalez S, Harrington SC, Haluska P. Conventional chemotherapy and oncogenic pathway targeting in ovarian carcinosarcoma using a patient-derived tumorgraft. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126867. [PMID: 25962155 PMCID: PMC4427104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinosarcoma is a rare subtype of ovarian cancer with poor clinical outcomes. The low incidence of this disease makes accrual to large clinical trials challenging. However, studies have shown that treatment responses in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models correlate with matched-patient responses in the clinic, supporting their use for preclinical testing of standard and novel therapies. An ovarian carcinosarcoma PDX is presented herein and showed resistance to carboplatin and paclitaxel (similar to the patient) but exhibited significant sensitivity to ifosfamide and paclitaxel. The PDX demonstrated overexpression of EGFR mRNA and gene amplification by array comparative genomic hybridization (log2 ratio 0.399). EGFR phosphorylation was also detected. Angiogensis and insulin-like growth factor pathways were also implicated by overexpression of VEGFC and IRS1. In order to improve response to chemotherapy, the PDX was treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel with or without a pan-HER and VEGF inhibitor (BMS-690514) but there was no tumor growth inhibition or improved animal survival, which may be explained by a KRAS mutation. Resistance was also observed when the IGF-1R inhibitor BMS-754807 was combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel. Because poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors have activity in ovarian cancer patients, with and without BRCA mutations, ABT-888 was also tested but found to have no activity. Pathogenic mutations were also detected in TP53 and PIK3CA. In conclusion, ifosfamide/paclitaxel was superior to carboplatin/paclitaxel in this ovarian carcinosarcoma PDX and gene overexpression or amplification alone was not sufficient to predict response to targeted therapy. Better predictive markers of response are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Glaser
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - S. John Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marc A. Becker
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Sean C. Harrington
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Paul Haluska
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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Todor IN, Lukyanova NY, Shvets YV, Lozovska YV, Chekhun VF. Metabolic changes during development of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma resistance to doxorubicin. Exp Oncol 2015; 37:19-22. [PMID: 25804226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study indices of energy metabolism, content of K(+) and Mg(++) both in peripheral blood and in Walker-256 carcinosarcoma during development of resistance to doxorubicin. METHODS Resistance of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma to doxorubicin has been developed through 12 subsequent transplantations of tumor after the chemotherapy. Parental strain was inhibited by drug by 65%, while transitional resistant substrains - by 30% and 2%, respectively. Determination of biochemical indices in blood serum and homogenates of tumor tissue, level of potassium, magnesium, lactate, glucose, activities of lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was performed with the help of biochemical and immune-enzyme analyzer GBG ChemWell 2990 (USA) using standard kits. Polarography was used to determine indices of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Study of mitochondrial membrane potential was carried out on flow cytometer Beckman Coulter Epics XL using dye JC-1. RESULTS It has been determined that development of drug resistance causes the decrease of K(+), Mg(++), glucose content in blood serum and increase of these indices in tumor tissue. At the same time, gradual tumor's loss of sensitivity is characterized by decrease of glycolysis activity in it and activation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and pentose phosphate pathway of glucose degradation, which causes more intensive formation of NADPH. CONCLUSION Development of drug resistance of tumor causes certain metabolic changes in organism and tumor. Further study of such changes will make possible to determine tumor and extratumor markers of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Todor
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - N Yu Lukyanova
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Yu V Shvets
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Yu V Lozovska
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - V F Chekhun
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
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Visnovsky J, Kudela E, Slavik P, Krkoska M, Buocik P, Szepe P, Danko J. Survival and risk factors associated with uterine sarcomas and carcinosarcomas in stage I and II. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2015; 36:750-757. [PMID: 26921575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uterine sarcomas are rare mesodermal malignant tumors with an incidence between 0.5 and 3.3 cases per 100,000 females per year. Most sarcomas are aggressive tumors leading to poor overall survival rates and only limited therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for uterine sarcomas and carcinosarcomas, and to identify the factors influencing the survival rate. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study with twenty-nine patients who were diagnosed with uterine sarcoma and thirty-four patients with carcinosarcoma between the years 1990 and 2006 at the Oncogynecologic center at the University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia. We focused on the analysis of the risk factors and survival rate of early stages I and II. RESULTS We confirmed highly statistically significant values for the inverse correlation between survival and tumor size, positive lymph nodes, high mitotic activity, vascular invasion, positive peritoneal cytology, elevated CA-125, smoking and BMI in sarcoma and carcinosarcoma group (p<0.001 for all factors). The use of lymphadenectomy had no effect on survival of all patients. DISCUSSION Sarcomas and carcinosarcomas are aggressive tumors leading to poor overall survival rates and only limited therapeutic options. As there is no consensus on specific treatment, an individual approach based on evaluation of known risk factors is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Visnovsky
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kudela
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Slavik
- Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Martin, Slovakia
| | - Milan Krkoska
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Buocik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Szepe
- Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
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Hirano H, Kizaki T, Ito T, Okimura A, Yamanegi K, Nakasho K. Expression of adhesion molecules and the proliferative activity of carcinosarcoma of the ovary. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:7351-7356. [PMID: 25503171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To clarify the mechanism underlying the formation of a sarcomatous component of ovarian carcinosarcoma, we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules and the proliferative activity of carcinosarcomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS We immunohistochemically examined the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, and the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) in six carcinosarcomas containing endometrioid carcinoma as a carcinomatous component. RESULTS The sarcomatous components of the carcinosarcomas did not express E-cadherin or β-catenin. All carcinomatous components expressed these molecules but the expression was reduced compared to that in endometrioid ovarian carcinomas. In five of the six carcinosarcomas, the Ki-67 LI of the sarcomatous component was less than that of the carcinomatous component. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that a carcinomatous component transforms more easily than an ordinary endometrioid carcinoma from the viewpoint of the cell adhesion, and cells in a carcinomatous component continuously transform into sarcomatous cells during the growth of carcinosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hirano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan Department of Pathology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kizaki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akira Okimura
- Department of Pathology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanegi
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakasho
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Tsujiura M, Mazack V, Sudol M, Kaspar HG, Nash J, Carey DJ, Gogoi R. Yes-associated protein (YAP) modulates oncogenic features and radiation sensitivity in endometrial cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100974. [PMID: 24972085 PMCID: PMC4074125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator and regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. We investigated the clinical and biological significance of YAP in endometrial cancer (EMCA). METHODS YAP expression in 150 primary tumor tissues from patients with EMCA was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and its association with clinicopathological data was assessed. The biological functions of YAP were determined in EMCA cell lines through knockdown/overexpression of YAP. The role of YAP in modulating radiation sensitivity was also investigated in EMCA cells. RESULTS Increased nuclear YAP expression was significantly associated with higher grade, stage, lympho-vascular space invasion, postoperative recurrence/metastasis and overall survival in estrogen mediated EMCA, called type 1 cancer (p = 0.019, = 0.028, = 0.0008, = 0.046 and = 0.015, respectively). In multivariate analysis, nuclear YAP expression was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in type 1 EMCA. YAP knockdown by siRNA resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation (p<0.05), anchorage-dependent growth (p = 0.015) and migration/invasion (p<0.05), and a significant increase in the number of cells in G0/G1 phase (p = 0.002). Conversely, YAP overexpression promoted cell proliferation. Clonogenic assay demonstrated enhanced radiosensitivity by approximately 36% in YAP inhibited cells. CONCLUSIONS Since YAP functions as a transcriptional co-activator, its differential localization in the nucleus of cancer cells and subsequent impact on cell proliferation could have important consequences with respect to its role as an oncogene in EMCA. Nuclear YAP expression could be useful as a prognostic indicator or therapeutic target and predict radiation sensitivity in patients with EMCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tsujiura
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Virginia Mazack
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marius Sudol
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hanna G. Kaspar
- Geisinger Medical Laboratories, Geisinger Wyoming Valley, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John Nash
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David J. Carey
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Li Z, Huang Z, Bi X, Yang L, Zhao J, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Cai J, Zheng X. [Clinical characteristics and prognosis of three rare and poor-prognostic subtypes of primary liver carcinoma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2014; 36:207-211. [PMID: 24785282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of three rare and poor-prognostic pathological subtypes of primary liver carcinoma, and improve the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment. METHODS A retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data of 69 patients with rare pathological subtypes of primary liver carcinoma, diagnosed by postoperative pathology in our hospital from October 1998 to June 2013 was carried out. The data of 80 cases of common poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma treated in the same period were collected as control group. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival rate, and Cox proportional hazards model was used for prognostic analysis in the patients. RESULTS Thirty-four cases were combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCC, 28 males, 6 females), with a median age of 52 years (range, 33 to 73). Ninteen cases were giant cell carcinoma (GCC, 16 males and 3 females), with a median age of 59 years (range, 38 to 66). Sixteen cases were sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC, 14 males and 2 females), with a median age of 57 years (range, 46 to 70). The survival analysis revealed that median survival time and the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates for these 3 groups were 20 months, 61.8%, 29.4%, and 20.6% in the CCC patients, 13 months, 52.6%, 31.6%, and 0% in the GCC patients, and 8 months, 31.3%, 0%, 0% in the SC patients, respectively. The median survival time and survival rate of the SC group were significantly lower than those of the other three groups (P < 0.05). However, in the SC group, the incidences of hilar lymph nodes metastasis, vascular tumor emboli and invasion of adjacent organs were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the other three groups (P > 0.05). The levels of carcino-embryonic antigen were higher in the three rare subtype groups than that of the control group. The incidences of multiple tumors of the three rare subtype groups were higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Positive surgical margin was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS The combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, giant cell carcinoma and sarcomatoid carcinoma have a poor prognosis. Among them sarcomatoid carcinoma is the most malignant and poor prognostic one. Radical resection is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Li
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Pula B, Malicka I, Pawlowska K, Paslawska U, Cegielski M, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P, Wozniewski M. Immunohistochemical characterization of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumours of Sprague-Dawley rats. In Vivo 2013; 27:793-801. [PMID: 24292584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was shown to induce malignant tumours in susceptible rat strains. However, such tumours are not well-characterized. MATERIAL AND METHODS We characterized MNU-induced tumours in Sprague-Dawley rats using ultrasonographic, radiographic and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods. RESULTS In 27 rats, 41 tumours developed, appearing ultrasonographically as hypodense, non-homogenic areas with signal enhancement at their periphery. Out of these, 39 were of malignant epithelial origin, with an IHC phenotype closely-resembling that of human invasive ductal breast carcinoma. One case was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma. IHC analysis revealed that Ki-67 antigen expression correlated positively with tumour volume (r=0.40, p=0.0079). Moreover, tumours with α-smooth muscle actin in the tumour stroma were characterized by a higher proliferative rate as compared to those without its expression (p<0.05). CONCLUSION This rat model of chemical carcinogenesis may be suitable for examining breast cancer development and progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinosarcoma/chemically induced
- Carcinosarcoma/metabolism
- Carcinosarcoma/pathology
- Cdh1 Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Keratins/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Methylnitrosourea
- Paraffin Embedding
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Tumor Burden
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Pula
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Coosemans A, Vanderstraeten A, Tuyaerts S, Verschuere T, Moerman P, Berneman Z, Vergote I, Amant F, Van Gool SW. Immunological response after WT1 mRNA-loaded dendritic cell immunotherapy in ovarian carcinoma and carcinosarcoma. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:3855-3859. [PMID: 24023319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is an emerging new treatment option in ovarian cancer, an important cause of cancer-related mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS One patient with ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) and one with serous ovarian cancer (SOC) received four weekly vaccinations of autologous DCs electroporated with mRNA coding for the Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1). Safety, feasibility and immunogenicity were assessed. RESULTS Vaccination was feasible without toxicity. In an ex vivo antigen re-stimulation assay of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both patients showed increasing cluster of differentiation 137 (CD137+) antigen-specific T-cells and interleukin 10 (IL-10) production post-vaccination. Moreover, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production increased (OCS) as well as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (SOC). Disease in patients progressed after four vaccines and patients continued with conventional therapies. After cessation of immunotherapy, they had an extended survival of 19 (OCS) and 12 (SOC) months. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we report for the first time the feasibility and T-cell immunogenicity of WT1 mRNA-loaded DC immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Coosemans
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Onderwijs & Navorsing 1, Herestraat 49 bus 811, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Fatima SS, Minhas K, Din NU, Fatima S, Ahmed A, Ahmad Z. Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 6 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 17:313-8. [PMID: 23462185 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Teratocarcinosarcoma (TCS) is a rare and unusual malignant neoplasm of the sinonasal tract with a heterogenous morphology and an aggressive behavior. Patients are predominantly adults with a male predominance. The aim of this study was to describe clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 6 cases of TCS. The ages ranged from 18 to 67 years (mean, 33 years) with a male-to-female ratio of 5:1. Most tumors were located in the nasal cavity. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis were the common presenting symptoms. Histologically, all tumors exhibited a heterogeneous morphology with varying proportions of benign and malignant epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroepithelial elements. Adenocarcinoma was the malignant epithelial component in all cases. The mesenchymal elements were composed of benign to malignant spindle cells. Osteosarcomatous areas were seen in 2 cases and rhabdomyosarcoma in 1 case. Rhabdoid differentiation was also seen in 1 case. Immunohistochemical stains CKAE1/AE3 and CK Cam 5.2 were positive in the epithelial elements, vimentin in mesenchymal, and CD56 and neuron-specific enolase in neuroepithelial elements. Follow-up was available in 4 patients and ranged from 21 to 40 months (mean, 31 months). Lung and dura metastasis, respectively, were seen in 1 patient each. However, all 4 patients are alive and free of disease to date. In conclusion, TCS is a rare but highly malignant tumor with aggressive behavior characterized by benign and malignant epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroepithelial components. Two patients in our series were younger than 20 years. The occurrence of rhabdoid differentiation and osteosarcomatous component seen in our series were rarely described in literature. Recognition of all the components requires adequate sampling, which is crucial for a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Samia Fatima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Section of Histopathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Yamamoto R, Suzuki K, Uchida K, Onda N, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Pancreatic carcinosarcoma in a cat. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:223-6. [PMID: 22520812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A 10-year-old female American shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of weight loss. An intra-abdominal mass was found on ultrasonography and laparotomy was performed. The mass was located in the left uterine horn and further masses were found in the pancreas, greater omentum and diaphragm. Microscopical examination revealed that the pancreatic mass had epithelial and mesenchymal components, which on immunohistochemistry expressed cytokeratin and vimentin, respectively. In addition, some spindle cells expressed vimentin and E-cadherin, which might suggest epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In contrast, the uterine, omental and diaphragmatic masses had only mesenchymal composition. The pancreatic lesion is proposed to be a primary carcinosarcoma with metastasis of only the mesenchymal component to distant sites. This the first report of pancreatic carcinosarcoma in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Levitskaia NV, Pozharisskiĭ KM, Vostriukhina OA, Alekseeva LN, Nemtsova MV, Matrosova IV, Kharitonova TV, Poddubnaia IV. [Carcinosarcomas of the uterus: molecular-genetic and morphological features]. Arkh Patol 2012; 74:7-11. [PMID: 22712296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
13 cases of uterine carcinosarcomas have been studied by molecular-genetic method. The impairment of some genes (K-RAS gene in the first exon, TP53 in the 5th-9th exons, PTEN in the 5th and 8th exons) has been found out. The loss of heterozygosity of TP53 gene in epithelium and mesenchyme of the uterus has been detected. According to the estimation of impairment the studied tumors was divided into monoclonal and biclonal ones. This stratification could be use as prognostic criteria of uterine carcinosarcomas clinical presentation.
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Carrara L, Guzzo F, Roque DM, Bellone S, Emiliano C, Sartori E, Pecorelli S, Schwartz PE, Rutherford TJ, Santin AD. Differential in vitro sensitivity to patupilone versus paclitaxel in uterine and ovarian carcinosarcoma cell lines is linked to tubulin-beta-III expression. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 125:231-6. [PMID: 22209775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the in vitro sensitivity/resistance to patupilone versus paclitaxel in uterine and ovarian carcinosarcomas (CS). METHODS Five primary carcinosarcoma cell lines, two from uterine and three of ovarian origin, were evaluated for growth rate and tested for their in vitro sensitivity/resistance to patupilone versus paclitaxel by MTS assays. To identify potential mechanisms underlying the differential sensitivity/resistance to patupilone, expression levels of β-tubulin III (TUBB3) were determined with quantitative-real-time-polymerase-chain-reaction (q-RT-PCR) in primary uterine and ovarian CS cell lines and in 26 uterine and 9 ovarian CS fresh-frozen-tissues. RESULTS No appreciable difference in sensitivity to patupilone versus paclitaxel was noted in ovarian CS cell lines, or when uterine and ovarian CS cell lines were compared in their response to paclitaxel. In contrast, uterine CS cell lines were found to be significantly more sensitive to patupilone than to paclitaxel (P<0.002) and demostrated lower IC(50s) to patupilone (range 0.76-0.93nM) when compared to ovarian CS (range 1.9-3.4 nM, p<0.05). Higher levels of TUBB3 were detected in uterine CS cell lines and fresh frozen tissues when compared to ovarian CS (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Uterine CS cell lines are significantly more sensitive than ovarian CS cell lines to patupilone versus paclitaxel. High expression of TUBB3 is associated with sensitivity to patupilone in primary CS cell lines and may act as a genetic marker to predict chemotherapy efficacy. Patupilone may represent a promising drug in the treatment of this subset of rare but highly aggressive gynecological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Carrara
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Chiyoda T, Tsuda H, Tanaka H, Kataoka F, Nomura H, Nishimura S, Takano M, Susumu N, Saya H, Aoki D. Expression profiles of carcinosarcoma of the uterine corpus-are these similar to carcinoma or sarcoma? Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 51:229-39. [PMID: 22072501 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine carcinosarcoma (CS) is usually classified as uterine endometrial carcinoma (EC). However, CS is more aggressive even compared with high grade EC. CS is also reported to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we compared the gene expression profiles of CS, EC, and uterine sarcoma (US) and evaluated the role of EMT and chromosomal aberrations in CS tumor formation. Frozen tissues of 46 patients (14 CS, 24 EC, and 8 US) were included. The similarity was examined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Fisher's exact test, and clustering using "intrinsic gene set". We examined the expression of 39 EMT-related genes and evaluated TGF-beta signaling by phospho-SMAD2/3 (p-SMAD2/3) staining. Chromosomal regions differing between CS and EC were identified by chromosomal GSEA and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarrays. Three statistical methods confirmed that CS resembled US rather than EC. Acquired markers of EMT were upregulated and attenuated markers of EMT were downregulated in CS. Immunohistochemistry showed that carcinomatous region of CS have higher expression of p-SMAD2/3 than EC (P = 0.008). Chromosomal GSEA showed that genes located at 19q13 had higher expression in CS. Furthermore, CGH microarray indicated that the TGFB1 locus at 19q13.1 was amplified in 4 of 7 samples. Based on the expression profile, CS resembles US rather than EC. TGF-beta signaling is activated in CS and chromosomal gains at 19q13, which includes the TGFB1 locus, suggest that this may contribute to high expression of TGF-beta and thereby EMT phenotype of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyuki Chiyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang HP, Zhang HF, Chen PQ. [Parotid gland carcinosarcoma: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2011; 40:703-704. [PMID: 22321553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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28
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Zhou C, Xie LP, Zheng XY. [Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary tract: clinical analysis of 16 cases]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2011; 33:634-635. [PMID: 22325229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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29
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Kim HS, Joo SH, Yang DM, Lee SH, Choi SH, Lim SJ. Carcinosarcoma of the pancreas: a unique case with emphasis on metaplastic transformation and the presence of undifferentiated pleomorphic high-grade sarcoma. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2011; 20:197-200. [PMID: 21725518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a rare case of pancreatic carcinosarcoma in a 48-year-old man. An abdominal ultrasound scan incidentally detected a large heterogeneous mass in the left upper quadrant. CT and MRI scans indicated a rapidly growing unilocular cystic mass in the pancreatic tail. Grossly, the resected pancreatic mass measured 7×5×5 cm and consisted of a unilocular cystic lesion that had several solid mural nodules. Microscopically, the cystic wall showed two carcinomatous components, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. The solid lesion predominantly consisted of pleomorphic spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles which had infiltrated the adjacent pancreatic parenchyma. In some areas of this sarcomatous component, anaplastic carcinoma cells intermingled with or transformed into spindle cells. Immunohistochemically, the carcinomatous components were strongly positive for epithelial markers, and transforming anaplastic carcinoma cells were immunoreactive for both epithelial markers and vimentin; in contrast, the sarcomatous component was strongly positive for only vimentin. Additionally, an identical mutation (G to A transition) at codon 12 of K-ras gene and concordant immunoreactivity for p53 protein were detected in the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. These findings suggested that the pancreatic carcinosarcoma could be of monoclonal origin, and that the sarcomatous component might have arisen from metaplastic transformation of the carcinomatous component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Republik of Korea
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30
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Nishimura I, Ohishi Y, Oda Y, Kishimoto J, Yasunaga M, Okuma E, Kobayashi H, Wake N, Tsuneyoshi M. Expression and localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin in uterine carcinosarcoma. Virchows Arch 2010; 458:85-94. [PMID: 21046151 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-010-1002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to analyze the subcellular localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin both of which play a critical role in cell-cell adhesion in uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). We performed an immunohistochemical reaction analysis of the subcellular localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins in 46 cases of UCSs consisting of 28 UCSs with heterologous sarcoma and 18 UCSs with homologous sarcoma and compared their clinicopathological features. In most UCSs, membranous expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin was completely lost in sarcomatous components, but it was preserved in carcinomatous components. Nuclear β-catenin expression was observed significantly more frequently in sarcomatous components (31/46, 67.4%) than in carcinomatous components (22/46, 47.8%; P = 0.0025). In sarcomatous components, nuclear β-catenin expression was found significantly more frequently in heterologous sarcoma (23/28, 82.1%) than in homologous sarcoma (8/18, 44.4%; P = 0.0279). The stage was the only independent prognostic significant factor. These results suggest that reduced membranous expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin may contribute to the biphasic morphology of UCS. Furthermore, although the precise mechanism is unclear, nuclear β-catenin expression in sarcomatous components may also be associated with biphasic morphology and heterologous sarcomatous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Nishimura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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31
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Sun PP, Zhong DR. [Primary liver carcinosarcoma: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2010; 39:713-714. [PMID: 21176545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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32
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Lao LF, Sun ZY, Tang J. [Clinicopathological and imaging features of 5 cases of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma and review of the literature]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2010; 32:607-608. [PMID: 21122414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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33
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Svec A, Wilkinson L, Bury Y, Martin VG. A new piece in the melanoma mosaic--carcinosarcoma-like melanoma. Histopathology 2009; 55:366-8. [PMID: 19723157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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34
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Kernochan LE, Garcia RL. Carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor) of the uterus: advances in elucidation of biologic and clinical characteristics. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2009; 109 Pt B:180-9. [PMID: 19460280 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carcinosarcoma of the uterus (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor [MMMT]) is an uncommon, typically extremely aggressive neoplasm histologically composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal (stromal) elements. Although the literature contains some debate, most authors now agree that most MMMTs derive from sarcomatous differentiation in a high-grade carcinoma. This article reviews the clinical and histopathologic features of this interesting neoplasm, with particular emphasis on recent data supporting MMMTs as primarily epithelial malignant neoplasms with areas of mesenchymal/spindle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Kernochan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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35
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Sano A, Sakurai S, Kato H, Sakai M, Tanaka N, Inose T, Saito K, Sohda M, Nakajima M, Sakamoto K, Sano T, Hosoya Y, Enomoto T, Kanda T, Ajioka Y, Oyama T, Kuwano H. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of esophageal carcinosarcoma. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:3375-3380. [PMID: 19661359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal carcinosarcoma is a very rare neoplasm and its clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic factors that influence the clinical outcome of the patient remain a matter of controversy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients with esophageal carcinosarcoma were referred to our institutions. Tissue blocks were reviewed and sections containing both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components were stained for epithelial and mesenchymal markers and a proliferating cell marker. The prognosis of the esophageal carcinosarcoma patients was compared with 142 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS In the carcinomatous component, the expression of cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and S100 were detected in 20, 20, 1, 1, and 1 case, respectively, whereas in the sarcomatous component, expression of these were detected in 4, 2, 18, 15, and 3 cases, respectively. The Ki-67 labeling index of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components was 35.5% and 41.8%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was not statistically different between squamous cell carcinoma and carcinosarcoma (p=0.219). However, for T1 cases only, carcinosarcoma patients had statistically poorer prognosis than did squamous cell carcinoma patients (p=0.008). CONCLUSION The sarcomatous component shows various histological and immunohistochemical forms. In comparison with squamous cell carcinoma patients, carcinosarcoma patients had poorer prognosis amongst the T1 cases. For the treatment of esophageal carcinosarcoma, it is important to monitor lymph nodes and be watchful for hematogenous metastasis, as in cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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Kernochan LE, Garcia RL. Carcinosarcomas (Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumor) of the Uterus: Advances in Elucidation of Biologic and Clinical Characteristics. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2009; 7:550-6; quiz 557. [PMID: 19460280 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2009.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Kernochan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Huang GS, Arend RC, Li M, Gunter MJ, Chiu LG, Horwitz SB, Goldberg GL. Tissue microarray analysis of hormonal signaling pathways in uterine carcinosarcoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:457.e1-5. [PMID: 19200930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship of hormone (estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, progesterone receptor) and growth factor receptor (insulin-like growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) expression with disease progression in uterine carcinosarcoma. STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue arrays using standard methodology. Differences between groups were evaluated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Interactions between tumor stage and receptor expression were determined by linear trend analysis. RESULTS Compared with normal endometrium, carcinosarcomas exhibited low estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor expression (all P < .01), but overexpressed estrogen receptor beta (P = .02). Estrogen receptor beta expression increased in advanced stage disease (P = .02). Insulin-like growth factor receptor expression was lower in carcinosarcoma compared with normal endometrium (P = .01). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression was elevated and increased with disease progression (P < .01). CONCLUSION In uterine carcinosarcoma, estrogen receptor beta expression is elevated and increases with disease progression, whereas estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor are suppressed. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression is increased, whereas insulin-like growth factor receptor is lower than in normal endometrium. These data support a potential role for estrogen receptor beta in disease progression via crosstalk with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S Huang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Zhu HH, Xiong XP. [Carcinosarcoma of esophagus with malignant fibrous histiocytoma component: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2009; 38:277. [PMID: 19575904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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39
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Filip A, Clichici S, Muresan A, Daicoviciu D, Tatomir C, Login C, Dreve S, Gherman C. Effects of PDT with 5-aminolevulinic acid and chitosan on Walker carcinosarcoma. Exp Oncol 2008; 30:212-219. [PMID: 18806744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Porphyrins and new chitosan hydrogels based composites with porphyrins are used as active cytotoxic antitumor agents in photodynamic therapy (PDT). AIM The present study evaluates the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 5-ALA associated with chitosan (CS) using Walker carcinosarcoma in rats as experimental model. METHODS The animals were irradiated with red light ( lambda = 685 nm, D = 50 J/cm(2), 15 min) 3 h after i.p. administration of 5-ALA (250 mg/kg b.w.) or a mixture of 5-ALA (250 mg/kg b.w.) and CS (1.5 mg/kg b.w.). The animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 24 h and 14 days after the treatment. The effects of PDT were investigated by morphological studies, monitoring the 5-ALA induced protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) level in tumor tissue and serum, MMP 2 and 9 (gelatinases) activity in tumor and malondialdehyde level (MDA), marker of the lipoperoxidation process, in tumor and serum. RESULTS Zymography revealed an increased activity of MMP 2 in tumors from animals treated with 5-ALA PDT. PDT with 5-ALA induced a higher lipid peroxidation in tumor tissue compared with 5-ALA-CS. CS associated to 5 ALA PDT enhanced the accumulation of PS in tumors inducing earlier necrotic changes. In the same time CS reduced MMP 2 activity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MMPs activation and oxygen reactive species are involved in PDT effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Kourea HP, Adonakis G, Androutsopoulos G, Zyli P, Kourounis G, Decavalas G. Fallopian tube malignant mixed müllerian tumor (carcinosarcoma): a case report with immunohistochemical profiling. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2008; 29:538-542. [PMID: 19051831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT) (carcinosarcoma) of the right fallopian tube in a 69-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and an adnexal mass. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, received adjuvant chemotherapy and is without evidence of disease 12 months postoperatively. The tumor involved the fallopian tube and was composed of in situ and invasive high-grade serous and undifferentiated carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial and mesenchymal cells expressed CD56, Leu-7 and p53. The epithelial elements expressed nuclear WT1 and calretinin while the mesenchymal cells showed negative nuclear and strong cytoplasmic staining. HBME was observed focally in carcinoma. The expression of mesothelial-associated antigens WT1, calretinin and HBME in MMMT likely reflects the common embryologic derivation of the mesothelium and urogenital ridge. Loss of nuclear WT1 expression in the mesenchymal component may be involved in MMMT tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Kourea
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, Medical School, Rion, Greece
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Hirano H, Yoshida T, Sakamoto T, Yoshimura H, Fukuoka M, Tachibana S, Saito H, Ohkubo E, Nakasho K, Nishigami T. Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma producing hCG. Pathol Int 2007; 57:698-702. [PMID: 17803660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An 80-year-old woman with a pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) producing hCG was admitted to Nippon Steel Hirohata Hospital because of an abnormal shadow on CT seen during a follow-up examination after surgery for breast cancer. A right upper lobectomy was performed due to rapid growth of the shadow 3 months later. Macroscopically the tumor was a 4.8 x 4.0 cm well-circumscribed grayish-white mass. On histology the tumor consisted mostly of intermingled spindle and polygonal cells, while evidence of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was seen in a few areas. A diagnosis of PC was made due to hCG expression in approximately 20% of the spindle and polygonal cells on immunohistology. Six months after the operation metastasis to the liver and adrenal gland was seen on CT. The patient died due to metastases 1 year after the operation, even though the patient had been at stage 1B at the time of the operation and appropriate chemotherapy had been given. PC patients with immunohistochemical hCG expression have elevated risk of local recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hirano
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Steel Hirohata Hospital, Himeji, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) was originally described as a genetic disorder predominantly involving colorectal cancer. Numerous neoplasms are known to be associated with this condition. Sarcomas have also been reported within families with HNPCC. The challenge is determining if these cancers are sporadic or hereditary. CASE We report on a 46-year-old woman with uterine carcinosarcoma and a family history suspicious for HNPCC. Genetic testing identified a germline MLH1 mutation. Immunohistochemistry testing of the carcinosarcoma revealed loss of MLH1 expression with preservation of MSH2 expression. CONCLUSION The loss of MLH1 protein expression suggests the germline mutation contributed to the development of the carcinosarcoma. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer should be included in the differential diagnosis of persons with uterine carcinosarcoma when noted within a family history suspicious for HNPCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A South
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Clinical Genetics Service, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Thuróczy J, Reisvaag GJK, Perge E, Tibold A, Szilágyi J, Balogh L. Immunohistochemical Detection of Progesterone and Cellular Proliferation in Canine Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2007; 137:122-9. [PMID: 17645888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical expression of progesterone and the cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 was assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded samples from 43 canine mammary tumours. Benign tumours showed high surface membrane progesterone expression (mean 196.42+/-25.91 positively labelled cells per 500 tumour cells) and low cellular proliferation (52.14+/-16.73 positively labelled cells per 500 tumour cells), whilst malignant tumours had low progesterone expression (68.19+/-17.53 positively labelled cells per 500 tumour cells) and higher cellular proliferation (141.72+/-23.65 positively labelled cells per 500 tumour cells), the difference being statistically significant (P<0.005) in both cases. These findings suggest that the majority of progesterone receptors in canine mammary tumour tissue are not associated with bound progesterone. The progression towards malignancy in spontaneously arising canine mammary tumours therefore appears to be associated with a decrease in steroid hormone dependency. Progesterone expression was also noted in the cytoplasm of tumour cells where it may be associated with a cellular repair mechanism. This hypothesis is supported by the finding of significantly higher progesterone content in the cytoplasm of benign tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thuróczy
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, P.O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary.
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Wang SY, Zhu L, Li SM, Lin L, Zheng SX, Wu YF, Zhu XZ. [Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: a clinical, radiologic and pathologic study of 5 cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2007; 36:534-538. [PMID: 17980101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical, radiologic and pathologic features, as well as differential diagnosis of teratocarcinosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. METHODS Light microscopic examination and immunohistochemical study was performed in 5 cases of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma. The clinical, radiologic and pathologic features were analyzed and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS All 5 patients were males and their age ranged from 34 to 43 years (mean age = 39 years). The clinical presentation was nasal obstruction, epistaxis and headache. Physical examination often revealed a polypoid mass with contact bleeding. Computed tomography showed a homogeneous nasal mass with obturation of sinuses. Cystic changes, calcification or ossification was not observed. Histologically, the tumor showed a heterogeneous admixture of components from the 3 germ cell layers, exhibiting various degrees of maturation. Squamous epithelium, smooth muscle cells, chondro-osseous tissue, intestinal or respiratory type epithelium, "fetal-type" clear cells and immature neuroepithelium were commonly seen. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the epithelial component expressed cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, while the mesenchymal component variably expressed vimentin, smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein. On the other hand, the neuroepithelial component expressed neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromogranin, and the primitive component expressed CD99. The initial biopsy diagnosis included capillary hemangioma, olfactory neuroblastoma, craniopharyngioma and malignant mixed tumor. Follow-up information was available in all patients. Two of which had local recurrence and 1 had cervical lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant tumor occurring in sinonasal tract. It manifests mainly in adult males and is characterized by a complex admixture of teratomatous and carcinosarcomatous components. "Fetal-type" clear cells, squamous epithelium and immature neuroepithelium represent important histologic characteristics useful in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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Lao XM, Chen DY, Zhang YQ, Xiang J, Guo RP, Lin XJ, Li JQ. Primary carcinosarcoma of the liver: clinicopathologic features of 5 cases and a review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31:817-26. [PMID: 17527068 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000213431.07116.e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Carcinosarcoma of the liver is very rare worldwide. The terminology and pathogenesis of hepatic carcinosarcoma remain controversial issues. In this article, we studied the clinicopathologic features of 5 cases of hepatic carcinosarcomas (matching the World Health Organization definition), analyzed the clinical data, histologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) results, and discussed the terminology, pathologic differential diagnoses, pathogenesis, and prognosis. The patients were 40 to 68 years old, and included 4 males and 1 female. All patients were Hepatitis B surface antigen positive with para-tumorous cirrhosis. The largest dimensions of the neoplasms ranged from 6.0 to 14.0 cm. Satellite nodules, portal vein tumor thrombi, direct invasion into local tissues (right diaphragm, right adrenal gland, and gastric wall) as well as metastatic foci in lungs and abdominal lymph nodes were identified. Pathologically, the neoplasms consisted of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. The carcinomatous components were exclusively conventional hepatocellular carcinomas in all 5 cases, whereas the sarcomatous components exhibited complex features. Confirmed by IHC studies, the sarcomatous elements in different cases included rhabdomyosarcomas, malignant fibrous histiocytomas, fibrosarcoma, and poorly differentiated spindle cells without distinctive differentiation. Furthermore, the sarcomatous elements in these 5 neoplasms stained negative for all the epithelial markers we applied for IHC staining, which support the pathologic diagnosis of carcinosarcoma rather than sarcomatoid carcinoma. The presence of transitional zones between carcinomatous and sarcomatous components may support the transformation theory. Four patients with palliative hepatectomy died within 6 months, whereas 1 patient is still alive 21 months after radical resection. The poor prognosis of hepatic carcinosarcoma may be due to their highly invasive and metastatic features. Radical resection of early stage hepatic carcinosarcoma may contribute to a relatively optimistic prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ming Lao
- Department of Hepatobilliary Surgery, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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Oka K, Kanayama R, Fukunaga M, Fukazawa M, Okamoto A, Oikawa T, Hakozaki H. Nasal teratocarcinosarcoma - a case report. Pathol Res Pract 2007; 203:549-53. [PMID: 17583442 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A 79-year-old man noticed nasal obstruction and bleeding caused by a pedunculated tumor in the left nasal cavity. The tumor revealed a malignant neoplasm predominantly composed of immature neuroepithelial cells with rosettes and palisading patterns, rhabdomyoblastic cells with positivity for desmin and cross-striations, and immature mucin-producing glandular cells. Small amounts of mature chondroid tissue and neurofibrillary matrix were also present. Therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as nasal teratocarcinosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyuki Oka
- Department of Pathology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, 3-3-10 Futabadai, Mito, Ibaraki 311-4198, Japan.
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Santin AD, Bellone S, Siegel ER, McKenney JK, Thomas M, Roman JJ, Burnett A, Tognon G, Bandiera E, Pecorelli S. Overexpression of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin Receptors Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 in Uterine Carcinosarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3339-46. [PMID: 17545541 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the expression levels of claudin-3 and claudin-4, the low- and high-affinity receptors, respectively, for the cytotoxic Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) in uterine carcinosarcomas and explore the potential for targeting these receptors in the treatment of this aggressive uterine tumor. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptor expression at mRNA and protein levels in flash frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded carcinosarcoma specimens. Recombinant CPE was used as a novel therapy against chemotherapy-resistant carcinosarcoma cell lines in vitro. The therapeutic effect of sublethal doses of CPE was studied in severe combined immunodeficient mouse xenografts harboring large s.c. carcinosarcomas. RESULTS All flash-frozen carcinosarcoma biopsies (12 of 12) and short-term carcinosarcoma cell lines evaluated overexpressed claudin-3 and claudin-4 by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Membranous immunoreactivity for claudin-4 protein expression was documented in 80% (20 of 25) of primary tumors and 100% (6 of 6) of the metastatic carcinosarcomas, whereas negligible staining was found in normal endometrial cells. Regardless of their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, all short-term carcinosarcoma cell lines tested died within 1 h of exposure to 3.3 microg/mL of CPE in vitro. Intratumoral injections of well-tolerated doses of CPE in large s.c. carcinosarcoma xenografts led to large areas of tumor cell necrosis and tumor disappearance in all treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors are highly overexpressed in carcinosarcoma. These proteins may offer promising targets for the use of CPE as a novel type-specific therapy against this biologically aggressive variant of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro D Santin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA.
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Lee SJ, Kim HS, Kim HS, Chun YK, Hong SR, Lee JH. Immunohistochemical study of DNA topoisomerase I, p53, and Ki-67 in uterine carcinosarcomas. Hum Pathol 2007; 38:1226-31. [PMID: 17490723 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2006] [Revised: 01/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCs) are highly aggressive neoplasms for which no effective adjuvant therapy has been established. The aim of this study was to test potential indicators of UC sensitivity to topoisomerase I (topo I)-targeted drugs. Laboratory studies have shown that the cellular response to topo I-targeted drugs is dependent on topo I expression, DNA replication rate, and activity of the apoptotic pathway. Therefore, this study investigated expression of topo I, a proliferation marker Ki-67, and the apoptosis initiator p53 in 20 cases of UC. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against topo I, Ki-67, and p53. The hospital records of all 20 patients with UC were reviewed. Twelve (60%) of 20 cases showed increased expression of topo I. Staining for Ki-67 showed elevated expression in 15 (75%) of 20 cases. Fourteen cases (70%) showed positive staining for p53 in more than 20% of the tumor cells. However, analysis of the relationship between immunohistochemical results and clinical parameters revealed no correlations with topo I expression. There were no significant correlations between the expression of topo I and Ki-67 (P = .704), or topo I and p53 (P = .465). Significantly increased expression of topo I, Ki-67, and p53 in UC tumor cells suggests sensitivity to topo I-targeted drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-729, South Korea
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Cimbaluk D, Rotmensch J, Scudiere J, Gown A, Bitterman P. Uterine carcinosarcoma: Immunohistochemical studies on tissue microarrays with focus on potential therapeutic targets. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 105:138-44. [PMID: 17175012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carcinosarcoma of the uterus is a highly aggressive tumor containing both malignant epithelial and spindle (mesenchymal) components. Because of their rarity and poor clinical outcome, investigations into the expression of potential therapeutic targets are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of therapeutic targets in both the epithelial and spindle (mesenchymal) components in 30 carcinosarcomas using tissue microarrays, for potential treatment strategy. METHODS We collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of carcinosarcoma of the uterine corpus resected from 30 patients who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomies at our institution between 1985 and 2005 (ages 38-83 years, mean 65.9 years). All hematoxylin-eosin stained sections from each tumor were reviewed to confirm the pathologic diagnosis. Two tissue cores from the paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were constructed into a tissue microarray. Sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies against HER-2, VEGF, c-KIT, COX-2, and EGFR. Unequivocal staining of at least 5% tumor cells was considered positive. HER-2 amplification was also examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 2 cases. RESULTS In the epithelial component, expression of HER-2, VEGF, c-KIT, COX-2, and EGFR were detected in 2 (6%), 30 (100%), 0 (0%), 21 (70%), and 9 (30%) cases, respectively, whereas these expressions in the spindle (mesenchymal) component were detected in 0 (0%), 28 (93%), 0 (0%), 5 (16%), and 20 (67%) cases, respectively. By FISH, one of the two cases with HER-2 expression showed gene amplification (2.62). CONCLUSIONS VEGF is strongly expressed in both the epithelial and spindle (mesenchymal) components of uterine carcinosarcoma. This result warrants further study to evaluate the possible role of anti-angiogenic agents in cancer therapy for patients with uterine carcinosarcomas. The expression patterns of COX-2 and EGFR differed between the epithelial and spindle (mesenchymal) components. HER-2 and c-KIT are poor therapeutic targets for uterine carcinosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cimbaluk
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Connor JP. Aggressive carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix associated with high levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor: Case report and laboratory correlates. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 103:349-53. [PMID: 16782175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) by solid tumors, including cervix cancers, is reported to be associated with an aggressive clinical course. CASE A 64-year-old female with a locally advanced carcinosarcoma of the cervix presents with a WBC count of 48,000 cells/microl with no infectious causes. Her WBCs returned to normal during primary radiotherapy and then increased again with recurrence. She expired of progressive disease 10 weeks after primary therapy. Serum and pleural fluid levels of G-CSF were 1500 and 6000 pg/ml, respectively. Cancer cells secreted G-CSF in culture and recombinant G-CSF increased cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Like other sarcomas, carcinosarcomas can produce high levels of G-CSF and demonstrate an aggressive behavior that may be autocrine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Connor
- University of Wisconsin, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, H4/636 CSC600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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