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Obst F, Mertz M, Mehner PJ, Beck A, Castiglione K, Richter A, Voit B, Appelhans D. Enzymatic Synthesis of Sialic Acids in Microfluidics to Overcome Cross-Inhibitions and Substrate Supply Limitations. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:49433-49444. [PMID: 34612033 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Multienzymatic cascade reactions are a powerful strategy for straightforward and highly specific synthesis of complex materials, such as active substances in drugs. Cross-inhibitions and incompatible reaction steps, however, often limit enzymatic activity and thus the conversion. Such limitations occur, e.g., in the enzymatic synthesis of the biologically active sialic acid cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac). We addressed this challenge by developing a confinement and compartmentalization concept of hydrogel-immobilized enzymes for improving the efficiency of the enzyme cascade reaction. The three enzymes required for the synthesis of CMP-Neu5Ac, namely, N-acyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase (AGE), N-acetylneuraminate lyase (NAL), and CMP-sialic acid synthetase (CSS), were immobilized into bulk hydrogels and microstructured hydrogel-enzyme-dot arrays, which were then integrated into microfluidic devices. To overcome the cytidine triphosphate (CTP) cross-inhibition of AGE and NAL, only a low CTP concentration was applied and continuously conveyed through the device. In a second approach, the enzymes were compartmentalized in separate reaction chambers of the microfluidic device to completely avoid cross-inhibitions and enable the use of higher substrate concentrations. Immobilization efficiencies of up to 25% and pronounced long-term activity of the immobilized enzymes for several weeks were realized. Moreover, immobilized enzymes were less sensitive to inhibition and the substrate-channeling effect between immobilized enzymes promoted the overall conversion in the trienzymatic cascade reaction. Based on this, CMP-Neu5Ac was successfully synthesized by immobilized enzymes in noncompartmentalized and compartmentalized microfluidic devices. This study demonstrates the high potential of immobilizing enzymes in (compartmentalized) microfluidic devices to perform multienzymatic cascade reactions despite cross-inhibitions under continuous flow conditions. Due to the ease of enzyme immobilization in hydrogels, this concept is likely applicable for many cascade reactions with or without cross-inhibition characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Obst
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organische Chemie der Polymere, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Mertz
- Lehrstuhl für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp J Mehner
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony Beck
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Lehrstuhl für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organische Chemie der Polymere, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Munier M, Tritsch D, Lièvremont D, Rohmer M, Grosdemange-Billiard C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryl phosphoramidate prodrugs of fosfoxacin and its derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103012. [PMID: 31174039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aryl phosphoramidate prodrugs of fosfoxacin derivatives 15a-b and 8a-b were synthesized and investigated for their ability to target bacteria. No growth inhibition was observed neither for Mycobacterium smegmatis nor for Escherichia coli on solid medium, demonstrating the absence of release of the active compounds in the bacterial cells. Investigation of the stability of the prodrugs and their multienzymatic cleavage in abiotic and biotic conditions showed that the use of aryl phosphoramidate prodrug approach to deliver non-nucleotides compounds is not obvious and might not be appropriate for an antimicrobial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Munier
- Laboratoire Chimie et Biochimie de Molécules Bioactives - Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR 7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis Tritsch
- Laboratoire Chimie et Biochimie de Molécules Bioactives - Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR 7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier Lièvremont
- Laboratoire Chimie et Biochimie de Molécules Bioactives - Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR 7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rohmer
- Laboratoire Chimie et Biochimie de Molécules Bioactives - Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR 7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Grosdemange-Billiard
- Laboratoire Chimie et Biochimie de Molécules Bioactives - Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR 7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Abstract
A gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine, dFdC) phosphoramidate prodrug designed for the intracellular delivery of gemcitabine 5'-monophosphate was synthesized. The prodrug was about an order of magnitude less active than gemcitabine against wild-type cells, and the nucleoside transport inhibitor dipyridamole reduced prodrug activity. The prodrug was more active than gemcitabine against two deoxycytidine kinase-deficient cell lines. The results suggest that the prodrug is a potent growth inhibitor that can bypass dCK deficiency at higher drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jennifer Sigmond
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057,1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057,1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard F. Borch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 765-494-1403. Fax: 765-494-1414, E-mail:
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4
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Anastasi C, Crowe MA, Sutherland JD. Two-step potentially prebiotic synthesis of alpha-d-cytidine-5'-phosphate from d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:24-5. [PMID: 17199270 DOI: 10.1021/ja066495v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Anastasi
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 12 Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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5
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Boyer SH, Sun Z, Jiang H, Esterbrook J, Gómez-Galeno JE, Craigo W, Reddy KR, Ugarkar BG, MacKenna DA, Erion MD. Synthesis and characterization of a novel liver-targeted prodrug of cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside monophosphate for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7711-20. [PMID: 17181153 DOI: 10.1021/jm0607449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic nucleosides have proven to be ineffective for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due, in part, to their inadequate conversion to their active nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) in the liver tumor and high conversion in other tissues. These characteristics lead to poor efficacy, high toxicity, and a drug class associated with an unacceptable therapeutic index. Cyclic 1-aryl-1,3-propanyl phosphate prodrugs selectively release the monophosphate of a nucleoside (NMP) into CYP3A4-expressing cells, such as hepatocytes, while leaving the prodrug intact in plasma and extrahepatic tissues. This prodrug strategy was applied to the monophosphate of the well-known cytotoxic nucleoside cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside (cytarabine, araC). Compound 19S (MB07133), in mice, achieves good liver targeting compared to araC, generating >19-fold higher cytarabine triphosphate (araCTP) levels in the liver than levels of araC in the plasma and >12-fold higher araCTP levels in the liver than in the bone marrow, representing a >120-fold and >28-fold improvement, respectively, over araC administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge H Boyer
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Biosciences, Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc., 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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6
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Prakash TP, Prhavc M, Eldrup AB, Cook PD, Carroll SS, Olsen DB, Stahlhut MW, Tomassini JE, MacCoss M, Galloway SM, Hilliard C, Bhat B. Synthesis and evaluation of S-acyl-2-thioethyl esters of modified nucleoside 5'-monophosphates as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus RNA replication. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1199-210. [PMID: 15715486 DOI: 10.1021/jm0495172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several triphosphates of modified nucleosides (1-6) were identified as inhibitors (IC(50) = 0.08-3.8 microM) of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Although the initial SAR developed by determining the ability of the triphosphates to inhibit the in vitro activity of the HCV RdRp identified several potent inhibitors, none of the corresponding nucleosides exhibited significant inhibitory potency in a cell-based replicon assay. To improve upon the activity, bis(tBu-S-acyl-2-thioethyl) nucleoside 5'-monophosphate esters (7-12) were synthesized, and these derivatives exhibited improved potency compared to the corresponding nucleosides in the cell-based assay. Analysis of the intracellular metabolism demonstrated that the S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) prodrug is metabolized to the 5'-triphosphate 40- to 155-fold more efficiently compared to the corresponding nucleoside. The prodrug approach involving bis(tBuSATE)cytidine 5'-monophosphate ester significantly reduced the deamination of cytidine derivatives by cellular deaminases. Additionally, chromosomal aberration studies with the SATE prodrug in cells showed no statistically relevant increase in aberrations compared to the concurrent controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thazha P Prakash
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ISIS Pharmaceuticals, 2292 Faraday Avenue, Carlsbad, California 92008, USA.
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Abstract
Several phosphoramidate analogues of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid were prepared for evaluation as inhibitors of alpha-2,3- and alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase. Central to the synthesis was the oxidative coupling of an amino acid ester with an H-phosphonate to construct the phosphoramidate linkage. All compounds synthesized were weak inhibitors of both of the sialyltransferases as determined by an HPLC-based inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Whalen
- University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
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Abstract
A novel method for synthesizing CMP-NeuAc was established. We first confirmed that the putative neuA gene of Haemophilus influenzae, identified by its whole genome sequence project, indeed encodes CMP-NeuAc synthetase (EC 2.7.7.43). The enzyme requires CTP as a cytidylyl donor for cytidylylation of NeuAc. The enzyme was coupled with an enzymatic CTP-generating system from CMP and inorganic polyphosphate as a sole phospho-donor driven by the combination of polyphosphate kinase and CMP kinase, where phosphorylation of CMP is done by the combined activity expressed by both enzymes, and subsequent phosphorylation of CDP by polyphosphate kinase itself occurred efficiently. When CMP-NeuAc synthetase of H. influenzae, polyphosphate kinase, and CMP kinase were added to the reaction mixture containing equimolar concentrations (15 mM) of CMP and NeuAc, and polyphosphate (150 mM in terms of phosphate), CMP-NeuAc was synthesized up to 10 mM in 67% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishige
- Biochemicals Division, YAMASA Corporation, Choshi, Chiba, Japan.
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9
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Abstract
alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid (1) to a lactose acceptor. An analogue of 1 was synthesized in which the anomeric oxygen atom was replaced with a sulfur atom (1S). The key step in the synthesis of 1S was a tetrazole-promoted coupling of a cytidine-5'-phosphoramidite with a glycosyl thiol of a protected sialic acid. Compounds 1 and 1S were characterized for their activity in a sialyl transfer assay. The rate of solvolysis in aqueous buffer of analogue 1S was 50-fold slower than that of 1. Analogue 1S was found to be substrate for alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase. The K(m) of 1S was just 3-fold higher than that of 1, while the k(cat) of 1S was 2 orders of magnitude lower compared to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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10
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Washiya K, Furuike T, Nakajima F, Lee YC, Nishimura SI. Design of fluorogenic substrates for continuous assay of sialyltransferase by resonance energy transfer. Anal Biochem 2000; 283:39-48. [PMID: 10929806 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are important synthetic enzymes for the construction of naturally occurring glycoconjugates as well as for the design of neoglycoconjugates. The assay methods currently available for these enzymes require tedious and time-consuming procedures for separation of products and do not permit continual assay of enzyme activities. As a set of convenient fluorogenic substrates for continuous monitoring of sialyltransferase activities, we designed and synthesized a novel CMP-Neu5Ac derivative with a naphthylmethyl group at the C-9 position and N-acetyllactosamine derivative containing a dansyl group at the terminal position of aglycon. In such substrates, the emission peak of the naphthylmethyl group (lambdaem = 340 nm) of the glycosyl donor is successfully overlapped with the excitation peak due to the dansyl group (lambdaex = 335 nm) of the glycosyl acceptor. A coupling reaction of these two substrates catalyzed by rat liver 2,6-sialyltransferase caused an increase of dansyl fluorescence (lambdaem = 525 nm) and a decrease of naphthylmethyl fluorescence on the basis of resonance energy transfer between two fluorescence probes. The substrates presented here permit continuous fluorescent monitoring of enzymatic sugar combining reactions. Actually, using this time course of enzymatic reactions, kinetic constants of rat liver 2,6-sialyltransferase against glycosyl donor substrates were estimated to be Km = 4.85 microM and Vmax. = 0.119 micromol/min, respectively. This strategy allows precise and efficient analyses of enzyme kinetics not possible with the conventional assay methods for the glycosyltransferases that usually require separation of products from the reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Washiya
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Bazzanini R, Manfredini S, Durini E, Gröschel B, Cinatl J, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Imbach JL, Périgaud C, Gosselin G. Prodrugs of Ara-CMP and Ara-AMP with a S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) biolabile phosphate protecting group: synthesis and biological evaluation. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:971-2. [PMID: 10432722 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bis(S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl) phosphotriesters of Ara-C and Ara-A were synthesized as potential bioreversible mononucleotide prodrugs. Some N- and O-acylated derivatives were also prepared with the aim to modify the lipophilicity of the title pronucleotides. Compounds were tested for their antitumor/antiviral activity against a variety of tumor cells and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bazzanini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I.Co.C.E.A., Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Kajihara Y, Akai S, Nakagawa T, Sato R, Ebata T, Kodama H, Sato K. Enzymatic synthesis of Kdn oligosaccharides by a bacterial alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase. Carbohydr Res 1999; 315:137-41. [PMID: 10385976 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of CMP-deaminoneuraminic acid (CMP-beta-D-Kdn) and its enzymatic transfer reaction using bacterial alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase were examined. CMP-beta-D-Kdn was prepared from methyl 4,5,7,8,9-penta-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-D-glycero-beta-D-galacto-2- nonulopyranosonate (2) in 24% overall yield. Enzymatic synthesis of Kdn oligosaccharide with CMP-beta-D-Kdn (10.2 mumol), methyl beta-D-lactosaminide (7, 8.1 mumol) and purified sialyltransferase (80 munits) afforded Kdn-alpha-(2-->6)-Gal-beta-(1-->4)-GlcNAc-beta-1-OMe in 77% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kajihara
- Department of System Function, Faculty of Science, Yokohama City University, Japan.
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13
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Abstract
Quinic acid (4) was transformed into phosphitamides 6, 14, and 15, which could be readily linked to 5'-O-unprotected cytidine derivative 7; ensuing oxidation of the obtained phosphite triesters with tert-butylhydroperoxide furnished the corresponding phosphate triesters 8, 16, and 17, respectively. Hydrogenolytic debenzylation of the phosphate moiety, base catalysed removal of acetyl protective groups, and basic hydrolysis of the methylester of the quinic acid moiety furnished CMP-Neu5Ac analogues 1-3. In order to measure their inhibition of sialyltransferases, a nonradioactive sialyltransferase assay [employed for alpha(2-6)-sialyltransferase from rat liver (EC 2.4.99.1)] based on reversed-phase HPLC separation of UV-labelled acceptor 20 (p-nitrophenyl glycoside of N-acetyllactosamine) from the UV-labelled product 21 (p-nitrophenyl glycoside of sialyl alpha(2-6')-N-acetyllactosamine) and p-nitrophenylalanine as internal standard was developed. The assay reproduced the reported K(M) values for CMP-Neu5Ac and N-acetyllactosamine and the Ki values for CDP. 1 and 2 turned out to be potent sialyltransferase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schaub
- Fakultät Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Germany
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14
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Kajihara Y, Koseki K, Ebata T, Kodama H, Matsushita H, Hashimoto H. Synthesis of a novel CMP-Neu5Ac analogue: CMP-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-->8)- Neu5Ac]. Carbohydr Res 1994; 264:C1-5. [PMID: 8001012 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kajihara
- Life Science Research Laboratory, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Yokohama
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brossmer
- Institute für Biochemie II, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Studies were performed to determine whether 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate (FdCMP) is an inhibitor of deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase and whether it could form an isolable covalent complex with the enzyme and the cofactor, 5,10-methyl-enetetrahydrofolate. The results showed that although FdCMP is a competitive inhibitor of dCMP hydroxymethylase, it does not cause time-dependent inhibition of the enzyme in the presence of cofactor. Further, although uv difference spectral evidence was found for FdCMP-cofactor-enzyme complex, the complex was not sufficiently stable to isolate on nitrocellulose filters. We conclude that FdCMP is not a mechanism-based inhibitor of dCMP hydroxymethylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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Raju N, Smee DF, Robins RK, Vaghefi MM. Synthesis and biological properties of purine and pyrimidine 5'-deoxy-5'-(dihydroxyphosphinyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl analogues of AMP, GMP, IMP, and CMP. J Med Chem 1989; 32:1307-13. [PMID: 2542559 DOI: 10.1021/jm00126a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranoside (1) was converted to 1-O-acetyl-5-bromo-5-deoxy-2,3-di-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranose (6) in five steps with good yield. The Arbuzov condensation of compound 6 with triethyl phosphite resulted in the synthesis of 1-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-benzoyl-5-deoxy-5-(diethoxyphosphinyl)-D-ribofuranos e (7). Compound 7 was used for direct glycosylation of both purine and pyrimidine bases. The glycosylation was accomplished with the dry silylated heterocyclic base in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate. Deblocking of the glycosylation products gave exclusively the beta anomer of the 5'-phosphonate analogues of 9-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dihydroxyphosphinyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]adenine (13), 9-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dihydroxyphosphinyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]guanosin e (16), 9-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dihydroxyphosphinyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]hypoxant hine (17), and 9-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dihydroxyphosphinyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]cytosine (15), described here for the first time. The target compounds as well as their intermediates showed no in vitro antiviral or antitumor activity, although phosphorylation of 15 and 16 to di- and triphosphate analogues was demonstrated with use of isolated cellular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raju
- Nucleic Acid Research Institute, Costa Mesa, California
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18
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Zielinski WS, Sprinzl M. Chemical synthesis of 5-azacytidine nucleotides and preparation of tRNAs containing 5-azacytidine in its 3'-terminus. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12:5025-36. [PMID: 6204276 PMCID: PMC318897 DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.12.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
5-azacytidine-5'-triphosphate prepared from 5-azacytidine by chemical phosphorylation is a substrate for AMP (CMP) tRNA nucleotidyl transferase from yeast. tRNAsPhe from yeast containing 5-azacytidine in their 3'-termini were prepared enzymatically. tRNAPhe-Cpn5CpA and tRNAPhe-n5Cpn5CpA can be aminoacylated by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast and they are active in the poly(U)-dependent synthesis of poly(Phe) on E. coli ribosomes. The decomposition of 5-azacytidine via hydrolysis of the triazine ring is significantly accelerated by a phosphate group on the 5'-position of the nucleotide. After the incorporation of 5-azacytidine-5'-phosphate into a polynucleotide chain the rate of hydrolysis of the triazine ring decreases considerably.
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Kulikowski T, Shugar D. Preparation and properties of poly(5-ethylcytidylic acid), a poly(5-methylcytidylic acid) analogue. Biochim Biophys Acta 1974; 374:164-75. [PMID: 4373078 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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