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Zhao W, Rose SF, Blake R, Godicelj A, Cullen AE, Stenning J, Beevors L, Gehrung M, Kumar S, Kishore K, Sawle A, Eldridge M, Giorgi FM, Bridge KS, Markowetz F, Holding AN. ZMIZ1 enhances ERα-dependent expression of E2F2 in breast cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2024; 73:e230133. [PMID: 38564418 DOI: 10.1530/jme-23-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor-α (ER) drives 75% of breast cancers. On activation, the ER recruits and assembles a 1-2 MDa transcriptionally active complex. These complexes can modulate tumour growth, and understanding the roles of individual proteins within these complexes can help identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we present the discovery of ER and ZMIZ1 within the same multi-protein assembly by quantitative proteomics, and validated by proximity ligation assay. We characterise ZMIZ1 function by demonstrating a significant decrease in the proliferation of ER-positive cancer cell lines. To establish a role for the ER-ZMIZ1 interaction, we measured the transcriptional changes in the estrogen response post-ZMIZ1 knockdown using an RNA-seq time-course over 24 h. Gene set enrichment analysis of the ZMIZ1-knockdown data identified a specific delay in the response of estradiol-induced cell cycle genes. Integration of ENCODE data with our RNA-seq results identified that ER and ZMIZ1 both bind the promoter of E2F2. We therefore propose that ER and ZMIZ1 interact to enable the efficient estrogenic response at subset of cell cycle genes via a novel ZMIZ1-ER-E2F2 signalling axis. Finally, we show that high ZMIZ1 expression is predictive of worse patient outcome, ER and ZMIZ1 are co-expressed in breast cancer patients in TCGA and METABRIC, and the proteins are co-localised within the nuclei of tumour cell in patient biopsies. In conclusion, we establish that ZMIZ1 is a regulator of the estrogenic cell cycle response and provide evidence of the biological importance of the ER-ZMIZ1 interaction in ER-positive patient tumours, supporting potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Ryan Blake
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aňze Godicelj
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Smith Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy E Cullen
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lucy Beevors
- The Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marcel Gehrung
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kamal Kishore
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ashley Sawle
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Eldridge
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katherine S Bridge
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Andrew N Holding
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, Kings Cross, London, UK
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2
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Dong R, Liu MY, Zhu GB, Tan KM, Wang YQ, Li L. Modulation of the microRNA-6089/E2F transcription factor2 axis by querceting: implications for osteoblast viability, proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation in fracture healing. J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 75:173-183. [PMID: 38736264 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2024.2.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Quercetin is widely distributed in plants as a flavonol compound with multiple biological activities. It has been found that quercetin can regulate bone homeostasis through multiple pathways and targets. This study investigated the role and specific molecular mechanisms of quercetin in regulating osteoblast viability, proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. A mouse model of traumatic fracture was established and then 100 mg/kg quercetin corn oil suspension was gavaged at the same time every day for 28 days. miR-6089 and E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) expression levels in mice were measured. Fracture healing in mice was observed. MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected with plasmids targeting miR-6089 and E2F2, and cell viability, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation were determined. The targeting relationship between miR-6089 and E2F2 was verified. In vivo experiments showed that quercetin significantly increased osteocalcin (OCN) expression (P<0.05) and promoted fracture healing in traumatic fracture (TF) mice. miR-6089 expression was down-regulated (P<0.05) and E2F2 expression was up-regulated (P<0.05) in TF mice. Quercetin promoted miR-6089 expression and inhibited E2F2 expression (both P<0.05). In vitro results showed that quercetin promoted miR-6089 expression and inhibited E2F2 expression in a dose-dependent manner (both P<0.05). Quercetin dose-dependently promoted MC3T3-E1 cell viability, proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, and inhibited MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis (all P<0.05). Up-regulating miR-6089 further promoted MC3T3-E1 cell viability, proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation, and inhibited MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis (all P<0.05). miR-6089 targeted and regulated E2F2 expression. Up-regulating E2F2 attenuated the promoting effect of up-regulated miR-6089 on MC3T3-E1 cell viability, proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and inhibition of apoptosis (all P<0.05). We conclude that quercetin enhances osteoblast viability, proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation by modulating the miR-6089/E2F2 axis, thereby promoting fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou City, Anhui Province, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Fourth Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin City, China
| | - G B Zhu
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou City, Anhui Province, China
| | - K M Tan
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Y Q Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - L Li
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou City, Anhui Province, China.
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Chen SN, Mai ZY, Mai JN, Liang W, Dong ZX, Ju FE, Chan SH, Fang Z, Xu Y, Uziel O, He C, Zhang XD, Zheng Y. E2F2 modulates cell adhesion through the transcriptional regulation of PECAM1 in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2023; 202:840-855. [PMID: 37365680 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy. Despite the development of new drugs and treatments in recent years, the therapeutic outcomes of patients are not satisfactory. It is necessary to further investigate the molecular mechanism underlying MM progression. Herein, we found that high E2F2 expression was correlated with poor overall survival and advanced clinical stages in MM patients. Gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that E2F2 inhibited cell adhesion and consequently activated cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration. Further experiments revealed that E2F2 interacted with the PECAM1 promoter to suppress its transcriptional activity. The E2F2-knockdown-mediated promotion of cell adhesion was significantly reversed by the repression of PECAM1 expression. Finally, we observed that silencing E2F2 significantly inhibited viability and tumour progression in MM cell models and xenograft mouse models respectively. This study demonstrates that E2F2 plays a vital role as a tumour accelerator by inhibiting PECAM1-dependent cell adhesion and accelerating MM cell proliferation. Therefore, E2F2 may serve as a potential independent prognostic marker and therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Na Chen
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Hematological Malignancy Targeted Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Mai
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Hematological Malignancy Targeted Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Na Mai
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyao Liang
- Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Hematological Malignancy Targeted Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Dong
- Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Hematological Malignancy Targeted Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei-Er Ju
- Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Hematological Malignancy Targeted Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sze-Hoi Chan
- Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Hematological Malignancy Targeted Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Fang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Orit Uziel
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Institute of Hematology Rabin Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xing-Ding Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Hematological Malignancy Targeted Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongjiang Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Gołąbek K, Hudy D, Świętek A, Gaździcka J, Dąbrowska N, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. miR-125b-5p, miR-155-3p, and miR-214-5p and Target E2F2 Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076320. [PMID: 37047293 PMCID: PMC10094498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that E2F2 (E2F transcription factor 2) plays an important role as controller in the cell cycle. This study aimed to analyse the expression of the E2F2 gene and E2F2 protein and demonstrate E2F2 target microRNAs (miRNAs) candidates (miR-125b-5p, miR-155-3p, and miR-214-5p) in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumour and margin samples. The study group consisted 50 patients. The E2F2 gene and miRNAs expression levels were assessed by qPCR, while the E2F2 protein was assessed by ELISA. When analysing the effect of miRNAs expression on E2F2 gene expression and E2F2 protein level, we observed no statistically significant correlations. miR-125b-5p was downregulated, while miR-155-3p, and miR-214-5p were upregulated in tumour samples compared to margin. We observed a difference between the miR-125b-5p expression level in smokers and non-smokers in margin samples. Furthermore, HPV-positive individuals had a significantly higher miR-125b-5p and miR-214-5p expression level compared to HPV-negative patients in tumour samples. The study result showed that the E2F2 gene is not the target for analysed miRNAs in OSCC. Moreover, miR-155-3p and miR-125b-5p could play roles in the pathogenesis of OSCC. A differential expression of the analysed miRNAs was observed in response to tobacco smoke and HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agata Świętek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Silesia LabMed Research and Implementation Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Dąbrowska
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Liu S, Wang J, Chen S, Han Z, Wu H, Chen H, Duan Y. C/EBPβ Coupled with E2F2 Promoted the Proliferation of hESC-Derived Hepatocytes through Direct Binding to the Promoter Regions of Cell-Cycle-Related Genes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030497. [PMID: 36766839 PMCID: PMC9914899 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold the potential to solve the problem of the shortage of functional hepatocytes in clinical applications and drug development. However, a large number of usable hepatocytes derived from hESCs cannot be effectively obtained due to the limited proliferation capacity. In this study, we found that enhancement of liver transcription factor C/EBPβ during hepatic differentiation could not only significantly promote the expression of hepatic genes, such as albumin, alpha fetoprotein, and alpha-1 antitrypsin, but also dramatically reinforce proliferation-related phenotypes, including increasing the expression of proliferative genes, such as CDC25C, CDC45L, and PCNA, and the activation of cell cycle and DNA replication pathways. In addition, the analysis of CUT&Tag sequencing further revealed that C/EBPβ is directly bound to the promoter region of proliferating genes to promote cell proliferation; this interaction between C/EBPβ and DNA sequences of the promoters was verified by luciferase assay. On the contrary, the knockdown of C/EBPβ could significantly inhibit the expression of the aforementioned proliferative genes. RNA transcriptome analysis and GSEA enrichment indicated that the E2F family was enriched, and the expression of E2F2 was changed with the overexpression or knockdown of C/EBPβ. Moreover, the results of CUT&Tag sequencing showed that C/EBPβ also directly bound the promoter of E2F2, regulating E2F2 expression. Interestingly, Co-IP analysis exhibited a direct binding between C/EBPβ and E2F2 proteins, and this interaction between these two proteins was also verified in the LO2 cell line, a hepatic progenitor cell line. Thus, our results demonstrated that C/EBPβ first initiated E2F2 expression and then coupled with E2F2 to regulate the expression of proliferative genes in hepatocytes during the differentiation of hESCs. Therefore, our findings open a new avenue to provide an in vitro efficient approach to generate proliferative hepatocytes to potentially meet the demands for use in cell-based therapeutics as well as for pharmaceutical and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoupei Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zonglin Han
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.D.)
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Zeng Z, Jiang W, Kan J, Zhang D, Li R, He F, Hu Y, Li X, Zhang E, Cao Z. Shentao Ruangan formula promotes apoptosis via the E2F2-p53 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Phytomedicine 2023; 109:154565. [PMID: 36610125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates. E2F2 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in HCC; however, The mechanism by which E2F2 promotes the progression of HCC remains unclear. The Shentao Ruangan (STR) formula exhibits antitumor efficacy against HCC; however, the underlying antitumor mechanisms remain unknown. PURPOSE To explore the regulatory effect of E2F2 on the p53 signaling pathway and reveal the role and mechanism of STR in promoting cell apoptosis via the E2F2-p53 signaling pathway in HCC. METHODS E2F2 overexpression or silencing by lentivirus in HepG2 cells were used to explore their influence on apoptosis and the p53 pathway. An H22 tumor-bearing mice model was used to determine the therapeutic efficacy of STR and its effects on the E2F2-p53 pathway. STR-mediated serum (STR-MS) was prepared, and its chemical constituents were identified using mass spectrometry. The effects of STR-MS on viability and apoptosis of HepG2 cells and the E2F2-p53 pathway were investigated and validated using rescue experiments. RESULTS E2F2 overexpression significantly inhibited apoptosis and the p53 pathway in HepG2 cells, whereas E2F2-silenced HepG2 cells showed the reverse. This increased apoptosis was rescued by the addition of a p53 inhibitor (PFT-α) to E2F2-silenced HepG2 cells. In vivo, high doses of STR could remarkably inhibit the growth of xenografts, promote the apoptosis of hepatoma cells, downregulate E2F2, and activate the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway with good safety. In vitro, STR-MS exhibited similar effectiveness, and the best effect was achieved at 30% STR-MS concentration for 48 h. When 30% STR-MS was added to E2F2-overexpressing cells, the increased apoptosis and expression of key proteins in the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were significantly rescued. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that E2F2 inhibits hepatoma cell apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner and that STR may promote apoptosis by regulating the E2F2-p53 pathway in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Weichi Jiang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Jun Kan
- Department of VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Rui Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Yuechen Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiushen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
| | - Enxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Bao'an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.
| | - Zebiao Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Post-Doctoral Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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7
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Mustafa N, Mitxelena J, Infante A, Zenarruzabeitia O, Eriz A, Iglesias-Ara A, Zubiaga AM. E2f2 Attenuates Apoptosis of Activated T Lymphocytes and Protects from Immune-Mediated Injury through Repression of Fas and FasL. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010311. [PMID: 35008734 PMCID: PMC8745065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted disruption of E2f2 in mice causes T-cell hyperactivation and a disproportionate cell cycle entry upon stimulation. However, E2f2−/− mice do not develop a lymphoproliferative condition. We report that E2f2 plays a Fas-dependent anti-apoptotic function in vitro and in vivo. TCR-stimulated murine E2f2−/− T cells overexpress the proapoptotic genes Fas and FasL and exhibit enhanced apoptosis, which is prevented by treatment with neutralizing anti-FasL antibodies. p53 pathway is activated in TCR-stimulated E2f2−/− lymphocytes, but targeted disruption of p53 in E2f2−/− mice does not abrogate Fas/FasL expression or apoptosis, implying a p53-independent apoptotic mechanism. We show that E2f2 is recruited to Fas and FasL gene promoters to repress their expression. in vivo, E2f2−/− mice are prone to develop immune-mediated liver injury owing to an aberrant lymphoid Fas/FasL activation. Taken together, our results suggest that E2f2-dependent inhibition of Fas/FasL pathway may play a direct role in limiting the development of immune-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Mustafa
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Jone Mitxelena
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Ainhoa Eriz
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Ainhoa Iglesias-Ara
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.-A.); (A.M.Z.); Tel.: +34-94-601-5799 (A.I.-A.); +34-94-601-2603 (A.M.Z.); Fax: +34-94-601-3143 (A.M.Z.)
| | - Ana M. Zubiaga
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.-A.); (A.M.Z.); Tel.: +34-94-601-5799 (A.I.-A.); +34-94-601-2603 (A.M.Z.); Fax: +34-94-601-3143 (A.M.Z.)
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8
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Xia Q, Wang Q, Lin F, Wang J. miR-125a-5p-abundant exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells suppress chondrocyte degeneration via targeting E2F2 in traumatic osteoarthritis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11225-11238. [PMID: 34709978 PMCID: PMC8809923 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are broad participants in vertebrate biological processes, and they are also the major players in pathological processes. miR-125a-5p was recently found a modulator in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Our study was aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of miR-125a-5p-abundant exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on OA progression. We separated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as well as the exosomes from traumatic OA patients. The immunofluorescence and cartilage staining were implemented for the observation and the assessment on endocytosis of chondrocytes and exosomal miR-125a-5p efficacy to cartilage degradation. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verified the relationship between miR-125a-5p and E2F2. Then, the function of exosomal miR-125a-5p were examined on chondrocyte degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicated that E2F2 expression was elevated while the miR-125a-5p was down in traumatic OA cartilage tissue, showing a negative correlation of the former and the latter. miR-125a-5p targets E2F2 in traumatic OA cartilage tissue and leads to the down-expression of E2F2. The E2F2 expression in chondrocytes was decreased after internalization of exosomes. We additionally found that BMSCs-derived exosomes were rich in miR-125a-5p content and chondrocytes can have it internalized. miR-125a-5p is endowed with a trait of accelerating chondrocytes migration, which is going along with the up-expressions of Collagen II, aggrecan and SOX9 and the down-expression of MMP-13 in vitro. Besides that, the mice model with post-traumatic OA turned out that exosomal miR-125a-5p might beget an alleviation in chondrocyte extracellular matrix degradation. All these outcomes revealed that BMSCs-derived exosomal miR-125a-5p is a positive regulator for chondrocyte migration and inhibit cartilage degeneration We thus were reasonable to believe that transferring of exosomal miR-125a-5p is a prospective strategy for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of General Surgery, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Feng H, Sun SZ, Cheng F, Zhang NQ. Mediation of circ_RPPH1 on miR-146b-3p/E2F2 pathway to hinder the growth and metastasis of breast carcinoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20552-20568. [PMID: 34433131 PMCID: PMC8436922 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nova Circular RNA (circRNA) of non-coding RNA has gradually become an important regulatory factor, and it has made people attach great concern over the occurrence and development of many diseases, particularly carcinomas. circ_RPPH1 is a newly discovered circRNA. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analysis showed that there are high contents of circ_RPPH1 in breast cancer (BC), but the mechanism of circRNA in BC remains unclear. METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to test the role of circ_RPPH1 in BC patients, and functional experiments were applied to test the role of circ_RPPH1 on BC tumor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, double luciferase reporter gene analysis, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to explore the correlation of circ_RPPH1 with miR-146b-3p/E2F2 in BC. RESULTS circ_RPPH1 was evidently enhanced in BC, and its content was related to the clinical stage and pathological grade. circ_RPPH1 can accelerate the proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. Mechanism exploration indicated that circ_RPPH1 acted as ceRNA (competing endogenous RNA) of miR-146b-3p, so as to reduce the inhibitory role of miR-146b-3p on its target E2F2. CONCLUSION Circ_RPPH1/miR-146b-3p/E2F2 axis can promote the progression of BC, and it might be a latent therapeutic target for clinical BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Shou-Zhan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, West Hospital, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Nian-Qu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
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10
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Guo R, Zou B, Liang Y, Bian J, Xu J, Zhou Q, Zhang C, Chen T, Yang M, Wang H, Pei F, Xu Z. LncRNA RCAT1 promotes tumor progression and metastasis via miR-214-5p/E2F2 axis in renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:689. [PMID: 34244473 PMCID: PMC8270952 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is the second malignant tumors in the urinary system with high mortality and morbidity. Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumor development and progression. In the current study, based on the publicly available data obtained from GEO and TCGA database, we identified five prognosis-related lncRNAs with the ability to predict the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Among them, the uncharacterized and upregulated lncRNA RCAT1 (renal cancer-associated transcript 1) was identified as the key lncRNA. Our data further revealed that the expression of lncRNA RCAT1 was significantly upregulated in renal cell carcinoma tissues and cells. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies showed that lncRNA RCAT1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we verified that lncRNA RCAT1 could abundantly sponge miR-214-5p, which served as a tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma. Significantly, miR-214-5p overexpression could attenuate the promotion of cell proliferation and metastasis induced by lncRNA RCAT1. Moreover, we found that E2F2 was a direct target of miR-214-5p, and lncRNA RCAT1 could protect E2F2 from miR-214-5p-mediated degradation. Taken together, our findings suggested that lncRNA RCAT1 could enhance the malignant phenotype of renal cell carcinoma cells by modulating miR-214-5p/E2F2 axis, and lncRNA RCAT1 might be a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbo Guo
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Benkui Zou
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiasheng Bian
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingshan Yang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huansheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fajun Pei
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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11
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Abstract
The E2F family, classically known for a central role in cell cycle, has a number of emerging roles in cancer including angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, metastasis and DNA repair. E2F1 specifically has been shown to be a critical mediator of DNA repair; however, little is known about DNA repair and other E2F family members. Here we present an integrative bioinformatic and high throughput drug screening study to define the role of E2F2 in maintaining genomic integrity in breast cancer. We utilized in vitro E2F2 ChIP-chip and over expression data to identify transcriptional targets of E2F2. This data was integrated with gene expression from E2F2 knockout tumors in an MMTV-Neu background. Finally, this data was compared to human datasets to identify conserved roles of E2F2 in human breast cancer through the TCGA breast cancer, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, and CancerRx datasets. Through these methods we predict that E2F2 transcriptionally regulates mediators of DNA repair. Our gene expression data supports this hypothesis and low E2F2 activity is associated with a highly unstable tumor. In human breast cancer E2F2, status was also correlated with a patient's response to PARP inhibition therapy. Taken together this manuscript defines a novel role of E2F2 in cancer progression beyond cell cycle and could impact patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 BPS Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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12
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Miao B, Bauer AS, Hufnagel K, Wu Y, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Pirona AC, Giese N, Taipale J, Siveke JT, Hoheisel JD, Lueong S. The transcription factor FLI1 promotes cancer progression by affecting cell cycle regulation. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:189-201. [PMID: 31846072 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Binding of transcription factors to mutated DNA sequences is a likely regulator of cancer progression. Noncoding regulatory mutations such as those on the core promoter of the gene encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase have been shown to affect gene expression in cancer. Using a protein microarray of 667 transcription factor DNA-binding domains and subsequent functional assays, we looked for transcription factors that preferentially bind the mutant hTERT promoter and characterized their downstream effects. One of them, friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI1), which belongs to the E26 transforming-specific family of transcription factors, exhibited particularly strong effects with respect to regulating hTERT expression, while the even better binding ELK3 did not. Depletion of FLI1 decreased expression of the genes for cyclin D1 (CCND1) and E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) resulting in a G1/S cell cycle arrest and in consequence a reduction of cell proliferation. FLI1 also affected CMTM7, another gene involved in G1/S transition, although by another process that suggests a balanced regulation of the tumor suppressor gene's activity via opposing regulation processes. FLI1 expression was found upregulated and correlated with an increase in CCND1 expression in pancreatic cancer and brain tumors. In non-neoplastic lung cells, however, FLI1 depletion led to rapid progression through the cell cycle. This coincides with the fact that FLI1 is downregulated in lung tumors. Taken together, our data indicate a cell cycle regulatory hub involving FLI1, hTERT, CCND1 and E2F2 in a tissue- and context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiping Miao
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis (B070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea S Bauer
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis (B070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hufnagel
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yenan Wu
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis (B070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna C Pirona
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis (B070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia Giese
- Research Laboratory of the European Pancreas Centre (EPZ) Integrative Oncology Group, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Division of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis (B070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Smiths Lueong
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis (B070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Abstract
The E2F transcription factors control key elements of development, including mammary gland branching morphogenesis, with several E2Fs playing essential roles. Additional prior data has demonstrated that loss of individual E2Fs can be compensated by other E2F family members, but this has not been tested in a mammary gland developmental context. Here we have explored the role of the E2Fs and their ability to functionally compensate for each other during mammary gland development. Using gene expression from terminal end buds and chromatin immunoprecipitation data for E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3, we noted both overlapping and unique mammary development genes regulated by each of the E2Fs. Based on our computational findings and the fact that E2Fs share a common binding motif, we hypothesized that E2F transcription factors would compensate for each other during mammary development and function. To test this hypothesis, we generated RNA from E2F1-/-, E2F2-/- and E2F3+/- mouse mammary glands. QRT-PCR on mammary glands during pregnancy demonstrated increases in E2F2 and E2F3a in the E2F1-/- mice and an increase in E2F2 levels in E2F3+/- mice. During lactation we noted that E2F3b transcript levels were increased in the E2F2-/- mice. Given that E2Fs have previously been noted to have the most striking effects on development during puberty, we hypothesized that loss of individual E2Fs would be compensated for at that time. Double mutant mice were generated and compared with the single knockouts. Loss of both E2F1 and E2F2 revealed a more striking phenotype than either knockout alone, indicating that E2F2 was compensating for E2F1 loss. Interestingly, while E2F2 was not able to functionally compensate for E2F3+/- during mammary outgrowth, increased E2F2 expression was observed in E2F3+/- mammary glands during pregnancy day 14.5 and lactation day 5. Together, these findings illustrate the specificity of E2F family members to compensate during development of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana To
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Eran R. Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Wei D, Li A, Zhao C, Wang H, Mei C, Khan R, Zan L. Transcriptional Regulation by CpG Sites Methylation in the Core Promoter Region of the Bovine SIX1 Gene: Roles of Histone H4 and E2F2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010213. [PMID: 29337851 PMCID: PMC5796162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification of the genome and has an essential role in muscle development. The SIX1 gene is thought to play a principal role in mediating skeletal muscle development. In the present study, we determined that bovine SIX1 expression levels were significantly higher in the fetal bovine group (FB) and in undifferentiated Qinchuan cattle muscle cells (QCMCs) than in the adult bovine group (AB) and in differentiated QCMCs. Moreover, a bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP) analysis of DNA methylation levels showed that three CpG sites in the core promoter region (−216/−28) of the bovine SIX1 gene exhibited significantly higher DNA methylation levels in the AB and differentiated QCMCs groups. In addition, we found that DNA methylation of SIX1 core promoter in vitro obviously influences the promoter activities. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, in combination with site-directed mutation and siRNA interference, demonstrated that histone H4 and E2F2 bind to the −216/−28 region and play important roles in SIX1 methylation regulation during development. The results of this study provide the foundation for a better understanding of the regulation of bovine SIX1 expression via methylation and muscle developmental in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chugang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Rajwali Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Wang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ni Z, Lin Y, Duan Z, Shi Y, Wang G, Li F. Downregulated miR-31 level associates with poor prognosis of gastric cancer and its restoration suppresses tumor cell malignant phenotypes by inhibiting E2F2. Oncotarget 2016; 7:36577-36589. [PMID: 27174918 PMCID: PMC5095022 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The miRNA microarray analysis showed that miR-31 was reduced in gastric cancer. This study further assessed miR-31 expression and role of miR-31 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. The data showed that miR-31 expression was down-regulated in 40 cases of gastric cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues, and low expression of miR-31 was associated with poor tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, advanced T stage and worse overall survival of gastric cancer patients. Ectopic expression of miR-31 reduced tumor cell viability, enhanced apoptosis, arrested tumor cells at G1 transition, and reduced tumor cell migration and invasion in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 gastric cell lines in vitro. Enforced expression of miR-31 also inhibited growth of engrafted tumors in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays and western blot revealed that E2F2 is the direct target of miR-31. E2F2 expression was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues, and inversely associated with miR-31 levels, while knockdown of E2F2 expression mimicked miR-31 anti-tumor activity in gastric cancer cells, but the ectopic expression of E2F2 rescued the miR-31-mediated inhibition in gastric cell lines. Taken together, these results demonstrated that miR-31 acts as a crucial tumor suppressive activity by inhibiting E2F2s expression. Thus, miR-31 might be a candidate therapeutic target for gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaidong Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zipeng Duan
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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16
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Gao Y, Ma X, Yao Y, Li H, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Wang L, Ma M, Lei Z, Zhang X. miR-155 regulates the proliferation and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells by targeting E2F2. Oncotarget 2016; 7:20324-37. [PMID: 26967247 PMCID: PMC4991458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical modulators of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In the present work, we sought to identify the biological function of miR-155 as well as its underlying mechanism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We examined the expression of miR-155 in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and adjacent normal tissues and then explored the roles of miR-155 both in vitro and in vivo. The results of this analysis indicated that miR-155 activity was significantly upregulated in ccRCC tissues compared with the corresponding normal tissues. miR-155 was associated with ccRCC aggressiveness in both cell lines and clinical specimens, and a specific and inverse correlation between miR-155 and E2F2 expression was found in human ccRCC samples. Overexpression of miR-155 in 786-O cells decreased E2F2 expression while reduction of miR-155 by anti-miR-155 in ACHN cells elevated E2F2 expression. Re-expression of E2F2 in 786-O cells repressed the cell migration/invasion abilities elevated by miR-155, whereas knockdown of E2F2 in ACHN cells restored these cellular functions hampered by the miR-155 inhibitor. Using Western blot and luciferase reporter assays, we determined that E2F2 was a direct target of miR-155. Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that miR-155 functions as a tumor-promoting miRNA by targeting E2F2 in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxin Yao
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Chaofei Zhao
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Ma
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Lei
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
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17
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Thompson MA, Edmonds MD, Liang S, McClintock-Treep S, Wang X, Li S, Eischen CM. miR-31 and miR-17-5p levels change during transformation of follicular lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2015; 50:118-26. [PMID: 26997445 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 30% of patients whose indolent follicular lymphoma transforms to aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have poor survival. Reliable predictors of follicular B-cell lymphoma transformation to DLBCL are lacking, and diagnosis of those that will progress is challenging. MicroRNA, which regulates gene expression, has critical functions in the growth and progression of many cancers and contributes to the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Using 5 paired samples from patients who presented with follicular lymphoma and progressed to DLBCL, we identified specific microRNA differentially expressed between the two. Specifically, miR-17-5p levels were low in follicular lymphoma and increased as the disease transformed. In contrast, miR-31 expression was high in follicular lymphoma and decreased as the lymphoma progressed. These results were confirmed in additional unpaired cases of low-grade follicular lymphoma (n = 13) and high-grade follicular lymphoma grade 3 or DLBCL (n = 17). Loss of miR-31 expression in DLBCL was not due to deletion of the locus. Changes in miR-17-5p and miR-31 were not correlated with immunophenotype, genetics, or status of the MYC oncogene. However, increased miR-17-5p expression did significantly correlate with increased expression of p53 protein, which is indicative of mutant TP53. Two pro-proliferative genes, E2F2 and PI3KC2A, were identified as direct messenger RNA targets of miR-31, suggesting that these may contribute to follicular lymphoma transformation. Our results indicate that changes in miR-31 and miR-17-5p reflect the transformation of follicular lymphoma to an aggressive large B-cell lymphoma and may, along with their targets, be viable markers for this process.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Binding Sites
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Child
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
- Disease Progression
- E2F2 Transcription Factor/genetics
- E2F2 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Phenotype
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mick D Edmonds
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Shan Liang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sara McClintock-Treep
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
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18
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Maldonado EN, Delgado I, Furland NE, Buqué X, Iglesias A, Aveldaño MI, Zubiaga A, Fresnedo O, Ochoa B. The E2F2 transcription factor sustains hepatic glycerophospholipid homeostasis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112620. [PMID: 25396754 PMCID: PMC4232400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence links metabolic signals to cell proliferation, but the molecular wiring that connects the two core machineries remains largely unknown. E2Fs are master regulators of cellular proliferation. We have recently shown that E2F2 activity facilitates the completion of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) by regulating the expression of genes required for S-phase entry. Our study also revealed that E2F2 determines the duration of hepatectomy-induced hepatic steatosis. A transcriptomic analysis of normal adult liver identified “lipid metabolism regulation” as a major E2F2 functional target, suggesting that E2F2 has a role in lipid homeostasis. Here we use wild-type (E2F2+/+) and E2F2 deficient (E2F2−/−) mice to investigate the in vivo role of E2F2 in the composition of liver lipids and fatty acids in two metabolically different contexts: quiescence and 48-h post-PH, when cellular proliferation and anabolic demands are maximal. We show that liver regeneration is accompanied by large triglyceride and protein increases without changes in total phospholipids both in E2F2+/+ and E2F2−/− mice. Remarkably, we found that the phenotype of quiescent liver tissue from E2F2−/− mice resembles the phenotype of proliferating E2F2+/+ liver tissue, characterized by a decreased phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and a reprogramming of genes involved in generation of choline and ethanolamine derivatives. The diversity of fatty acids in total lipid, triglycerides and phospholipids was essentially preserved on E2F2 loss both in proliferating and non-proliferating liver tissue, although notable exceptions in inflammation-related fatty acids of defined phospholipid classes were detected. Overall, our results indicate that E2F2 activity sustains the hepatic homeostasis of major membrane glycerolipid components while it is dispensable for storage glycerolipid balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N. Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Igotz Delgado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Natalia E. Furland
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Xabier Buqué
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Iglesias
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta I. Aveldaño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana Zubiaga
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Begoña Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- * E-mail:
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19
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van der Watt PJ, Ngarande E, Leaner VD. Overexpression of Kpnβ1 and Kpnα2 importin proteins in cancer derives from deregulated E2F activity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27723. [PMID: 22125623 PMCID: PMC3220698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Karyopherin superfamily comprises nuclear transport proteins, involved in the shuttling of certain cargo proteins into and out of the nucleus. Karyopherin β1 (Kpnβ1) and Karyopherin α2 (Kpnα2) are importin proteins, which work in concert to transport their cargo into the nucleus. We previously identified increased expression of Kpnβ1 and Kpnα2 in cervical tumours compared to normal epithelium and in transformed cells compared to their normal counterparts. This study therefore aimed to identify the transcription regulatory mechanisms associated with high Kpnβ1 and Kpnα2 levels in cancer cells. Kpnβ1 (−2013 to +100) and Kpnα2 (−1900 to +69) promoter fragments were separately cloned into the reporter vector, pGL3-basic, and luciferase assays revealed both as significantly more active in cancer and transformed cells compared to normal. A series of deletion constructs identified the −637 to −271 Kpnβ1 and −180 to −24 Kpnα2 promoter regions as responsible for the differential promoter activity, and a number of highly conserved E2F binding sites were identified within these regions. Mutation analysis confirmed the requirement of E2F sites for promoter activity, and ChIP analysis confirmed E2F2/Dp1 binding to the Kpnβ1 and Kpnα2 promoters in vivo. Dp1 inhibition resulted in decreased levels of the respective proteins, confirming the role of E2F in the overexpression of Kpnβ1 and Kpnα2 proteins in cancer. E2F activity is known to be deregulated in cervical cancer cells due to the inhibition of its repressor, Rb, by HPV E7. The inhibition of E7 using siRNA resulted in decreased Kpnβ1 and Kpnα2 promoter activities, as did the overexpression of Rb. In conclusion, this study is a first to show that elevated Kpnβ1 and Kpnα2 expression in cancer cells correlates with altered transcriptional regulation associated with deregulated E2F/Rb activities
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ellen Ngarande
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Virna D. Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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20
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Moiseeva O, Bourdeau V, Vernier M, Dabauvalle MC, Ferbeyre G. Retinoblastoma-independent regulation of cell proliferation and senescence by the p53-p21 axis in lamin A /C-depleted cells. Aging Cell 2011; 10:789-97. [PMID: 21535365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of A-type lamin is downregulated in several cancers, and lamin defects are the cause of several diseases including a form of accelerated aging. We report that depletion of lamin A/C expression in normal human cells leads to a dramatic downregulation of the Rb family of tumor suppressors and a defect in cell proliferation. Lamin A/C-depleted cells exhibited a flat morphology and accumulated markers of cellular senescence. This senescent phenotype was accompanied by engagement of the p53 tumor suppressor and induction of the p53 target gene p21 and was prevented by small hairpin RNAs against p53, p21, or by the oncoprotein Mdm2. The expression of E2F target genes, normally required for cell cycle progression, was downregulated after lamin A/C depletion but restored after the inactivation of p53. A similar senescence response was observed in myoblasts from a patient with a lamin A mutation causing muscular dystrophy. We thus reveal a previously unnoticed mechanism of controlling cell cycle genes expression, which depends on p53 but does not require the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors and that can be relevant to understand the pathogenesis of laminopathies and perhaps aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Moiseeva
- Biochemistry Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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21
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Dong Q, Meng P, Wang T, Qin W, Qin W, Wang F, Yuan J, Chen Z, Yang A, Wang H. MicroRNA let-7a inhibits proliferation of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting E2F2 and CCND2. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10147. [PMID: 20418948 PMCID: PMC2854685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous work has shown reduced expression levels of let-7 in lung tumors. But little is known about the expression or mechanisms of let-7a in prostate cancer. In this study, we used in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate whether E2F2 and CCND2 are direct targets of let-7a, and if let-7a acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer by down-regulating E2F2 and CCND2. Methodology/Principal Findings Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that decreased levels of let-7a are present in resected prostate cancer samples and prostate cancer cell lines. Cellular proliferation was inhibited in PC3 cells and LNCaP cells after transfection with let-7a. Cell cycle analysis showed that let-7a induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. A dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the 3′UTR of E2F2 and CCND2 were directly bound to let-7a and western blotting analysis further indicated that let-7a down-regulated the expression of E2F2 and CCND2. Our xenograft models of prostate cancer confirmed the capability of let-7a to inhibit prostate tumor development in vivo. Conclusions/Significance These findings help to unravel the anti-proliferative mechanisms of let-7a in prostate cancer. Let-7a may also be novel therapeutic candidate for prostate cancer given its ability to induce cell-cycle arrest and inhibit cell growth, especially in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchuan Dong
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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22
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Hayami S, Yoshimatsu M, Veerakumarasivam A, Unoki M, Iwai Y, Tsunoda T, Field HI, Kelly JD, Neal DE, Yamaue H, Ponder BAJ, Nakamura Y, Hamamoto R. Overexpression of the JmjC histone demethylase KDM5B in human carcinogenesis: involvement in the proliferation of cancer cells through the E2F/RB pathway. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:59. [PMID: 20226085 PMCID: PMC2848192 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an increasing number of histone demethylases have been identified and biochemically characterized, their biological functions largely remain uncharacterized, particularly in the context of human diseases such as cancer. We investigated the role of KDM5B, a JmjC histone demethylase, in human carcinogenesis. Quantitative RT-PCR and microarray analyses were used to examine the expression profiles of histone demethylases in clinical tissue samples. We also examined the functional effects of KDM5B on the growth of cancer cell lines treated with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Downstream genes and signal cascades induced by KDM5B expression were identified from Affymetrix Gene Chip experiments, and validated by real-time PCR and reporter assays. Cell cycle-dependent characteristics of KDM5B were identified by immunofluorescence and FACS. RESULTS Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that expression levels of KDM5B are significantly higher in human bladder cancer tissues than in their corresponding non-neoplastic bladder tissues (P < 0.0001). The expression profile analysis of clinical tissues also revealed up-regulation of KDM5B in various kinds of malignancies. Transfection of KDM5B-specific siRNA into various bladder and lung cancer cell lines significantly suppressed the proliferation of cancer cells and increased the number of cells in sub-G1 phase. Microarray expression analysis indicated that E2F1 and E2F2 are downstream genes in the KDM5B pathway. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of KDM5B may affect apoptosis and reduce growth of cancer cells. Further studies will explore the pan-cancer therapeutic potential of KDM5B inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hayami
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshimatsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Abhimanyu Veerakumarasivam
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Motoko Unoki
- Laboratory for Biomarker, RIKEN, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yukiko Iwai
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Informatics, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Helen I Field
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - John D Kelly
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, UCL Medical School, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Bruce AJ Ponder
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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Rajasekaran R, Sethumadhavan R. Exploring the structural and functional effect of pRB by significant nsSNP in the coding region of RB1 gene causing retinoblastoma. Sci China Life Sci 2010; 53:234-40. [PMID: 20596833 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-0039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the most deleterious nsSNP in RB1 gene through structural and functional properties of its protein (pRB) and investigated its binding affinity with E2F-2. Out of 956 SNPs, we investigated 12 nsSNPs in coding region in which three of them (SNPids rs3092895, rs3092903 and rs3092905) are commonly found to be damaged by I-Mutant 2.0, SIFT and PolyPhen programs. With this effort, we modeled the mutant pRB proteins based on these deleterious nsSNPs. From a comparison of total energy, stabilizing residues and RMSD of these three mutant proteins with native pRB protein, we identified that the major mutation is from Glutamic acid to Glycine at the residue position of 746 of pRB. Further, we compared the binding efficiency of both native and mutant pRB (E746G) with E2F-2. We found that mutant pRB has less binding affinity with E2F-2 as compared to native type. This is due to sixteen hydrogen bonding and two salt bridges that exist between native type and E2F-2, whereas mutant type makes only thirteen hydrogen bonds and one salt bridge with E2F-2. Based on our investigation, we propose that the SNP with an id rs3092905 could be the most deleterious nsSNP in RB1 gene causing retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajasekaran
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biotechnology, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway negatively regulates the cell number in epithelial tissue. Upon its inactivation, an excess of cells is produced. These additional cells are generated from an increased rate of cell division, followed by inappropriate proliferation of cells that have failed to exit the cell cycle. We analyzed the consequence of inactivation of the entire E2F family of transcription factors in these two settings. In Drosophila, there is a single activator, dE2F1, and a single repressor, dE2F2, which act antagonistically to each other during development. While the loss of the activator dE2F1 results in a severe impairment in cell proliferation, this defect is rescued by the simultaneous loss of the repressor dE2F2, as cell proliferation occurs relatively normally in the absence of both dE2F proteins. We found that the combined inactivation of dE2F1 and dE2F2 had no significant effect on the increased rate of cell division of Hippo pathway mutant cells. In striking contrast, inappropriate proliferation of cells that failed to exit the cell cycle was efficiently blocked. Furthermore, our data suggest that such inappropriate proliferation was primarily dependent on the activator, de2f1, as loss of de2f2 was inconsequential. Consistently, Hippo pathway mutant cells had elevated E2F activity and induced dE2F1 expression at a point when wild-type cells normally exit the cell cycle. Thus, we uncovered a critical requirement for the dE2F family during inappropriate proliferation of Hippo pathway mutant cells. The E2F transcription factor family is considered to be the best-characterized downstream target of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB). The pRB pathway is functionally inactivated in most tumor cells, and it is thought that unrestrained activity of E2F drives inappropriate proliferation in tumors. We utilized the relative simplicity of the Drosophila model to determine the role of the dE2F family in proliferation of cells following inactivation of the recently identified Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. We found that Hippo pathway mutant cells require the dE2F family to delay the cell cycle exit and to proliferate inappropriately when wild-type cells enter quiescence. This is significant since the loss of the entire dE2F family exerts almost no effect on the ability of Hippo pathway mutations to accelerate proliferation of actively dividing cells. Thus, the importance of the dE2F family in cells with an inactivated tumor suppressor pathway varies in different contexts. This discovery may have implications in designing anti-cancer therapies that inhibit E2F activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon N. Nicolay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maxim V. Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Opavsky R, Tsai SY, Guimond M, Arora A, Opavska J, Becknell B, Kaufmann M, Walton NA, Stephens JA, Fernandez SA, Muthusamy N, Felsher DW, Porcu P, Caligiuri MA, Leone G. Specific tumor suppressor function for E2F2 in Myc-induced T cell lymphomagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:15400-5. [PMID: 17881568 PMCID: PMC2000495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706307104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the Myc pathway and deregulation of the Rb pathway are two of the most common abnormalities in human malignancies. Recent in vitro experiments suggest a complex cross-regulatory relationship between Myc and Rb that is mediated through the control of E2F. To evaluate the functional connection between Myc and E2Fs in vivo, we used a bitransgenic mouse model of Myc-induced T cell lymphomagenesis and analyzed tumor progression in mice deficient for E2f1, E2f2, or E2f3. Whereas the targeted inactivation of E2f1 or E2f3 had no significant effect on tumor progression, loss of E2f2 accelerated lymphomagenesis. Interestingly, loss of a single copy of E2f2 also accelerated tumorigenesis, albeit to a lesser extent, suggesting a haploinsufficient function for this locus. The combined ablation of E2f1 or E2f3, along with E2f2, did not further accelerate tumorigenesis. Myc-overexpressing T cells were more resistant to apoptosis in the absence of E2f2, and the reintroduction of E2F2 into these tumor cells resulted in an increase of apoptosis and inhibition of tumorigenesis. These results identify the E2f2 locus as a tumor suppressor through its ability to modulate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Opavsky
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences
| | - Shih-Yin Tsai
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences
| | - Martin Guimond
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Anjulie Arora
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences
| | - Jana Opavska
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences
| | - Brian Becknell
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Michael Kaufmann
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences
| | - Nathaniel A. Walton
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Dean W. Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CCSR 1105B, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5151
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Gustavo Leone
- *Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
- **To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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26
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Sáenz-Robles MT, Markovics JA, Chong JL, Opavsky R, Whitehead RH, Leone G, Pipas JM. Intestinal hyperplasia induced by simian virus 40 large tumor antigen requires E2F2. J Virol 2007; 81:13191-9. [PMID: 17855529 PMCID: PMC2169091 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01658-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The simian virus 40 large T antigen contributes to neoplastic transformation, in part, by targeting the Rb family of tumor suppressors. There are three known Rb proteins, pRb, p130, and p107, all of which block the cell cycle by preventing the transcription of genes regulated by the E2F family of transcription factors. T antigen interacts directly with Rb proteins and disrupts Rb-E2F complexes both in vitro and in cultured cells. Consequently, T antigen is thought to inhibit transcriptional repression by the Rb family proteins by disrupting their interaction with E2F proteins, thus allowing E2F-dependent transcription and the expression of cellular genes needed for entry into S phase. This model predicts that active E2F-dependent transcription is required for T-antigen-induced transformation. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the status of Rb-E2F complexes in murine enterocytes. Previous studies have shown that T antigen drives enterocytes into S phase, resulting in intestinal hyperplasia, and that the induction of enterocyte proliferation requires T-antigen binding to Rb proteins. In this paper, we show that normal growth-arrested enterocytes contain p130-E2F4 complexes and that T-antigen expression destroys these complexes, most likely by stimulating p130 degradation. Furthermore, unlike their normal counterparts, enterocytes expressing T antigen contain abundant levels of E2F2 and E2F3a. Concomitantly, T-antigen-induced intestinal proliferation is reduced in mice lacking either E2F2 alone or both E2F2 and E2F3a, but not in mice lacking E2F1. These studies support a model in which T antigen eliminates Rb-E2F repressive complexes so that specific activator E2Fs can drive S-phase entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Sáenz-Robles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Shen Q, Uray IP, Li Y, Krisko TI, Strecker TE, Kim HT, Brown PH. The AP-1 transcription factor regulates breast cancer cell growth via cyclins and E2F factors. Oncogene 2007; 27:366-77. [PMID: 17637753 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor transduces growth signals through signal transduction pathways to the nucleus, leading to the expression of genes involved in growth and malignant transformation in many cell types. We have previously shown that overexpression of a dominant negative form of the cJun proto-oncogene, a cJun dominant negative mutant (Tam67), blocks AP-1 transcriptional activity, induces a G(1) cell cycle block and inhibits breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We found that AP-1 blockade by Tam67 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells downregulates cyclin D1 transcriptional activity by at least two mechanisms: by suppressing transcription at the known AP-1 binding site (-934/-928) and by suppressing growth factor-induced expression through suppressing E2F activation at the E2F-responsive site (-726/-719). AP-1 blockade also led to reduced expression of E2F1 and E2F2, but not E2F4, at the mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and supershift assays demonstrated that AP-1 blockade caused decreased binding of E2F1 protein to the E2F site in the cyclin D1 promoter. We also found that Tam67 suppressed the expression of the E2F1 dimerizing partner, DP1 and E2F-upregulated cell cycle genes (cyclins E, A, B and D3) and enhanced the expression of E2F-downregulated cell cycle genes (cyclins G(2) and I). Reduced expression of other E2F-regulated genes was also seen with AP-1 blockade and E2F suppression. Thus, the AP-1 factor regulates the expression of cyclin D and E2F (the latter in turn regulates E2F-downstream genes), leading to cell cycle progression and breast cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shen
- Breast Center, Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Chen D, Opavsky R, Pacal M, Tanimoto N, Wenzel P, Seeliger MW, Leone G, Bremner R. Rb-mediated neuronal differentiation through cell-cycle-independent regulation of E2f3a. PLoS Biol 2007; 5:e179. [PMID: 17608565 PMCID: PMC1914394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that loss of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) perturbs neural differentiation, but the underlying mechanism has never been solved. Rb absence impairs cell cycle exit and triggers death of some neurons, so differentiation defects may well be indirect. Indeed, we show that abnormalities in both differentiation and light-evoked electrophysiological responses in Rb-deficient retinal cells are rescued when ectopic division and apoptosis are blocked specifically by deleting E2f transcription factor (E2f) 1. However, comprehensive cell-type analysis of the rescued double-null retina exposed cell-cycle–independent differentiation defects specifically in starburst amacrine cells (SACs), cholinergic interneurons critical in direction selectivity and developmentally important rhythmic bursts. Typically, Rb is thought to block division by repressing E2fs, but to promote differentiation by potentiating tissue-specific factors. Remarkably, however, Rb promotes SAC differentiation by inhibiting E2f3 activity. Two E2f3 isoforms exist, and we find both in the developing retina, although intriguingly they show distinct subcellular distribution. E2f3b is thought to mediate Rb function in quiescent cells. However, in what is to our knowledge the first work to dissect E2f isoform function in vivo we show that Rb promotes SAC differentiation through E2f3a. These data reveal a mechanism through which Rb regulates neural differentiation directly, and, unexpectedly, it involves inhibition of E2f3a, not potentiation of tissue-specific factors. The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), an important tumor suppressor, blocks division and death by inhibiting the E2f transcription factor family. In contrast, Rb is thought to promote differentiation by potentiating tissue-specific transcription factors, although differentiation defects in Rb null cells could be an indirect consequence of E2f-driven division and death. Here, we resolve different mechanisms by which Rb controls division, death, and differentiation in the retina. Removing E2f1 rescues aberrant division of differentiating Rb-deficient retinal neurons, as well as death in cells prone to apoptosis, and restores both normal differentiation and function of major cell types, such as photoreceptors. However, Rb-deficient starburst amacrine neurons differentiate abnormally even when E2f1 is removed, providing an unequivocal example of a direct role for Rb in neuronal differentiation. Rather than potentiating a cell-specific factor, Rb promotes starburst cell differentiation by inhibiting another E2f, E2f3a. This cell-cycle–independent activity broadens the importance of the Rb–E2f pathway, and suggests we should reassess its role in the differentiation of other cell types. The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), a tumor suppressor, promotes the differentiation of starburst amacrine cells in the retina by inhibiting the transcription factor E2f3a, whereas it suppresses retinal cell division and death by inhibiting E2f1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danian Chen
- Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rene Opavsky
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marek Pacal
- Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- Ocular Neurodegeneration Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pamela Wenzel
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- Ocular Neurodegeneration Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rod Bremner
- Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Tencheva TS, Panov IR. [Intracerebral progression of the transplanted rat C6 glioblastoma cells pretreated with neuropeptides and MAPK inhibitor]. Morfologiia 2007; 132:26-29. [PMID: 18411719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The authors have monitored C6 glioma cell invasive growth, proliferation and transcriptional regulation after pretreatment with endothelin-1 and ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD98059. To explore proliferation of C6 glioma cells in different growth conditions, they were treated in vitro with endothelin-1 and implanted into the brain. In vitro studies have indicated that PD98059 inhibited the proliferation of cultured C6 glioma cells and induced the activation of E2F1 and Myc-Max transcriptional factors. Endothelin-1 strongly increased C6 glioma cell proliferation. The model used in this study is experimental, but it may provide an insight into the specific behavior of in vitro cultured invasive cells.
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Hwang IK, Yoo KY, Cho BM, Hwang HS, Kim SM, Oh SM, Choi SK, Hwang DY, Won MH, Moon SM. The pattern of E2F1 and c-myb immunoreactivities in the CA1 region is different from those in the CA2/3 region of the gerbil hippocampus induced by transient ischemia. J Neurol Sci 2006; 247:192-201. [PMID: 16782130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined transient ischemia-induced changes in transcription factor E2F1 and c-myb expressions in the gerbil hippocampus after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia. E2F1 immunoreactivity significantly increased in the CA1 region 6-12 h after ischemia/reperfusion. c-myb immunoreactivity increased mainly in CA1 pyramidal cells with time by 12 h after ischemia. Thereafter, E2F1 and c-myb immunoreactivities significantly decreased compared to those in the 12 h post-ischemic group. Four days after ischemia/reperfusion, E2F1 and c-myb immunoreactivities were detected in non-pyramidal cells. Ten days after ischemia, c-myb immunoreactivity increased again: at this time, astrocytes as well as non-pyramidal cells showed E2F1 and c-myb immunoreactivities. In the CA2/3 region, E2F1 and c-myb immunoreactivities mainly changed in non-pyramidal cells, and 10 days after ischemia, c-myb immunoreactivity was not expressed in astrocytes. In conclusion, E2F1 and c-myb significantly alter in pyramidal cells and express in astrocytes in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient ischemia. These results indicate that E2F1 and c-myb in the CA1 region after ischemic damage may be associated with delayed neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
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Abstract
E2F and retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein pRB are important regulators of cell proliferation; however, the regulation of these proteins in vivo is not well understood. In Drosophila there are two E2F genes, an activator, de2f1, and a repressor, de2f2. The loss of de2f1 gives rise to the G(1)/S block accompanied by the repression of E2F-dependent transcription. These defects can be suppressed by mutation of de2f2. In this work, we show that the de2f1 mutant phenotype is rescued by the loss of the pre-mRNA splicing factor SR protein B52. Mutations in B52 restore S phase in clones of de2f1 mutant cells and phenocopy the loss of the de2f2 function. B52 acts upstream of de2f2 and plays a specific role in regulation of de2f2 pre-mRNA splicing. In B52-deficient cells, the level of dE2F2 protein is severely reduced and the expression of dE2F2-dependent genes is deregulated. Reexpression of the intronless copy of dE2F2 in B52-deficient cells restores the dE2F2-mediated repression. These results uncover a previously unrecognized role of the splicing factor in maintaining the G(1)/S block in vivo by specific regulation of the dE2F2 repressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya I Rasheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB 2352, MC 669, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Lu Z, Luo RZ, Peng H, Huang M, Nishmoto A, Hunt KK, Helin K, Liao WSL, Yu Y. E2F-HDAC complexes negatively regulate the tumor suppressor gene ARHI in breast cancer. Oncogene 2006; 25:230-9. [PMID: 16158053 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ARHI is a maternally imprinted tumor suppressor gene whose expression is markedly downregulated in breast cancer. Reactivation of ARHI expression in breast cancer cells is associated with increased histone H3 acetylation and decreased lysine 9 methylation of histone H3. An ARHI promoter segment that spanned bases -420 to +58 (designated the P2 region) exhibits significantly higher promoter activity in normal cells than in cancer cells. To better understand the molecular mechanisms contributing to this differential transcriptional activity, we sought to identify transcription factors that bind to the P2 region of the ARHI promoter and regulate its activity. Sequence analysis and oligonucleotide competition in electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified an A2 fragment containing an E2F-binding site. Using specific antibodies in supershift assays, we have shown that anti-E2F1 and 4 antibodies can supershift the A2-protein complexes, whereas anti-E2F2 and 6 antibodies cannot, demonstrating that the A2 fragment interacts with specific members of the E2F family proteins. When compared with normal breast epithelial cells, breast cancer cells have significantly elevated expression of E2F1, 4 and increased E2F DNA-binding activity. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that both E2F1 and 4 bind to the ARHI promoter in breast cancer cells in vivo. This binding was reduced when the cells were treated with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor--trichostatin A (TSA). When SKBr3 cells were cotransfected with an ARHI/luciferase reporter and E2F-expression vectors, E2F1 and 4 reduced ARHI promoter activity 2-3-fold, and this reduction could be reversed by TSA treatment. The negative regulation by E2F-HDAC complexes could also be reduced by small interfering RNA of E2F1 and 4. While the retinoblastoma protein, pRB, alone had no effect on ARHI promoter activity, repression by E2F1, but not E2F4, was enhanced by the coexpression of pRB. Taken together, our results suggest that E2F1, 4 and their complexes with HDAC play an important role in downregulating the expression of the tumor suppressor gene ARHI in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Goto Y, Hayashi R, Muramatsu T, Ogawa H, Eguchi I, Oshida Y, Ohtani K, Yoshida K. JPO1/CDCA7, a novel transcription factor E2F1-induced protein, possesses intrinsic transcriptional regulator activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 1759:60-8. [PMID: 16580749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
JPO1/CDCA7 was originally identified as a c-Myc-responsive gene that participates in neoplastic transformation. Here, we report the identification of JPO1/CDCA7 as a direct transcriptional target of transcription factor E2F1. We demonstrated that overexpression of E2F1 by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer upregulated JPO1/CDCA7 mRNA expression in human cells. Analysis of human and mouse JPO1/CDCA7 promoter constructs showed that an E2F-responsive sequence was necessary for E2F1-induced activation of the JPO1/CDCA7 gene transcription. Among the members of the E2F family, E2F1 to E2F4, but not E2F5 or E2F6, activated the JPO1/CDCA7 reporter construct. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that E2F1, E2F2, and E2F4 specifically bound to an E2F-responsive sequence of the human JPO1/CDCA7 gene. Like JPO2/R1, which has a homologous transcriptional regulator domain, the C-terminal cysteine-rich region of JPO1/CDCA7 protein induced transcriptional activity in a mammalian one-hybrid assay. Taken together, our results suggest that JPO1/CDCA7 is a unique transcription regulator whose expression is activated by E2F1 as well as c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Goto
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Bilousova G, Marusyk A, Porter CC, Cardiff RD, DeGregori J. Impaired DNA replication within progenitor cell pools promotes leukemogenesis. PLoS Biol 2005; 3:e401. [PMID: 16277552 PMCID: PMC1283331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cell cycle progression can be paradoxically associated with increased rates of malignancies. Using retroviral transduction of bone marrow progenitors followed by transplantation into mice, we demonstrate that inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation impairs competition, promoting the expansion of progenitors that acquire oncogenic mutations which restore cell cycle progression. Conditions that impair DNA replication dramatically enhance the proliferative advantage provided by the expression of Bcr-Abl or mutant p53, which provide no apparent competitive advantage under conditions of healthy replication. Furthermore, for the Bcr-Abl oncogene the competitive advantage in contexts of impaired DNA replication dramatically increases leukemogenesis. Impaired replication within hematopoietic progenitor cell pools can select for oncogenic events and thereby promote leukemia, demonstrating the importance of replicative competence in the prevention of tumorigenesis. The demonstration that replication-impaired, poorly competitive progenitor cell pools can promote tumorigenesis provides a new rationale for links between tumorigenesis and common human conditions of impaired DNA replication such as dietary folate deficiency, chemotherapeutics targeting dNTP synthesis, and polymorphisms in genes important for DNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Bilousova
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Andriy Marusyk
- 2Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher C Porter
- 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- 4Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - James DeGregori
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- 2Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- 5Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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McAlister JC, Joyce NC, Harris DL, Ali RR, Larkin DFP. Induction of replication in human corneal endothelial cells by E2F2 transcription factor cDNA transfer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:3597-603. [PMID: 16186339 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal endothelial cells in humans do not replicate to any meaningful extent. Diminishing density of the cell monolayer with age and in the disease states is a major cause of loss of corneal transparency. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that overexpression of the transcription factor E2F2 results in replication in nonproliferating human corneal endothelial cells. METHODS Whole human corneas were incubated for 2 hours in a solution of recombinant E1(-)/E3(-) adenovirus incorporating cDNA encoding E2F2 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of a bidirectional promoter and subsequently maintained in ex vivo culture. Control specimens were incubated with an identical virus bearing the GFP sequence only, or virus-free medium. Efficiency of gene transfer and localization was examined by fluorescence microscopy. En face confocal microscopy of the corneal endothelial surface was used to image recombinant E2F2 expression. 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation was used to examine progression to the S phase. Changes in density of the corneal endothelium were quantified by specular microscopy and counting of trypan-blue-stained cells. Apoptosis was tested with a TUNEL assay. RESULTS Recombinant proteins were expressed predominantly in the endothelium and in a high proportion of endothelial cells in the first week after exposure to virus, diminishing thereafter. Compared with the control, transduction with E2F2 resulted in progression from the G(1) to the S phase in a significant number of cells and in increased cell density. Apoptosis was not found to any significant extent. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of the transcription factor E2F2 in nonmitotic human corneal endothelial cells results in short-term expression, cell-cycle progression, and increased monolayer cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C McAlister
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK
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Stasyk T, Dubrovska A, Lomnytska M, Yakymovych I, Wernstedt C, Heldin CH, Hellman U, Souchelnytskyi S. Phosphoproteome profiling of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling: abrogation of TGFbeta1-dependent phosphorylation of transcription factor-II-I (TFII-I) enhances cooperation of TFII-I and Smad3 in transcription. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 16:4765-80. [PMID: 16055503 PMCID: PMC1237082 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-03-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling involves activation of a number of signaling pathways, several of which are controlled by phosphorylation events. Here, we describe a phosphoproteome profiling of MCF-7 human breast epithelial cells treated with TGFbeta1. We identified 32 proteins that change their phosphorylation upon treatment with TGFbeta1; 26 of these proteins are novel targets of TGFbeta1. We show that Smad2 and Smad3 have different effects on the dynamics of TGFbeta1-induced protein phosphorylation. The identified proteins belong to nine functional groups, e.g., proteins regulating RNA processing, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and proteasomal degradation. To evaluate the proteomics findings, we explored the functional importance of TGFbeta1-dependent phosphorylation of one of the targets, i.e., transcription factor-II-I (TFII-I). We confirmed that TGFbeta1 stimulated TFII-I phosphorylation at serine residues 371 and 743. Abrogation of the phosphorylation by replacement of Ser371 and Ser743 with alanine residues resulted in enhanced complex formation between TFII-I and Smad3, and enhanced cooperation between TFII-I and Smad3 in transcriptional regulation, as evaluated by a microarray-based measurement of expression of endogenous cyclin D2, cyclin D3, and E2F2 genes, and by a luciferase reporter assay. Thus, TGFbeta1-dependent phosphorylation of TFII-I may modulate TGFbeta signaling at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Stasyk
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Stevaux O, Dimova DK, Ji JY, Moon NS, Frolov MV, Dyson NJ. Retinoblastoma family 2 is required in vivo for the tissue-specific repression of dE2F2 target genes. Cell Cycle 2005; 4:1272-80. [PMID: 16082225 DOI: 10.4161/cc.4.9.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, the Retinoblastoma and E2F families of proteins control the transcription of a large number of target genes. Here, we have mutated the second Drosophila Retinoblastoma family gene (Rbf2), and contrasted the in vivo molecular functions of RBF2 with dE2F2, the only E2F partner of RBF2. Previous studies failed to uncover a unique role for RBF2 in E2F regulation. Here we find that RBF2 functions in concert with dE2F2 in vivo to repress the expression of differentiation markers in ovaries and embryos where RBF2 is highly expressed. We have compared the profiles of transcripts that are mis-expressed in ovaries, embryos and S2 cells where RBF2 function has been ablated and find that RBF2 and dE2F2 control strikingly different transcriptional programs in each situation. In vivo promoter occupancy studies point to the redistribution of dE2F/RBF complexes to different promoters in different cell types as one mechanism governing the tissue-specific regulation of dE2F/RBF target genes. These results demonstrate that RBF2 has a unique function in repressing E2F-regulated differentiation markers and that dE2F2 and RBF2 are required to regulate different sets of target genes in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Stevaux
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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