1
|
Al Yazidi L, Al Sinani S, Al Adawi B, Al Riyami M, Wali Y, Al Rawas A, Al Musalhi B, Meis JF, Al Housni S, Al-Harrasi A, Al Hatmi AMS. Disseminated Basidiobolomycosis Caused by Basidiobolus omanensis in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Case Report and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:12. [PMID: 38231359 PMCID: PMC10794288 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis is an uncommon fungal infection caused by the genus Basidiobolus. In immunocompetent children, it usually causes cutaneous infection and rarely affects the gastrointestinal tract, and it is extremely rare for the disease to spread. The present study reports the first case of disseminated basidiobolomycosis caused by Basidiobolus omanensis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who died as a result of uncontrolled infection and multi-organ failure despite surgical and antifungal therapy with L-AMB and voriconazole. A review of the literature yielded 76 cases, including the current case with the majority of which were reported as invasive gastrointestinal infection. The median age was 4 years (61 male and 15 female) and the majority of these children were from the Middle East (80%), specifically Saudi Arabia (45%). Most patients were treated with systemic antifungal agents (mostly itraconazole and amphotericin B). Surgical intervention was done in 25% of these patients and the death rate was 12%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Badriya Al Adawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Marwa Al Riyami
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yasser Wali
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Buthaina Al Musalhi
- Department of Family Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saif Al Housni
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdullah M S Al Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
AbdullGaffar B, Keloth T, Al Marzouqi O. ThinPrep liquid-based cytologic diagnosis of hepatic entomophthoromycosis (basidiobolomycosis) with Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Diagn Cytopathol 2024; 52:E12-E18. [PMID: 37782309 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Zygomycotic fungal infections are increasingly recognized in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in nonendemic countries because of the increased global travels. One of the emerging fungal infections is Entomophthorales which cause deep visceral infections that clinically and radiologically mimic malignancies because they form invasive obstructing masses. A quick diagnosis is life-saving. The current standard diagnosis relies on histopathologic examination and microbiology culture which are time consuming. Cytologic examination is a rapid reliable alternative diagnostic tool. There are a few reports of a primary cytologic diagnosis of zygomycotic and Aspergillus fungi of the lungs based on conventional smear and SurePath™ liquid-based cytology. We report a case of an immunocompetent adult female who presented with a liver mass that was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed the cytopathologic features of basidiobolomycosis in ThinPrep® cytology. The ThinPrep® slide revealed broad thin-walled widely branching septate hyphae with sporangiophores and zygospores. The background revealed bile-stained granular necrotic debris intermixed with inflammatory cells, degenerate hepatocytes, and highly eosinophilic glassy crystal-like structures suggestive of Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. The cytologic diagnosis was hepatic entomophthoromycosis (basidiobolomycosis) with Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. This was confirmed by subsequent tissue biopsy and microbiology culture. The detailed cytomorphologic features in the ThinPrep® slide allowed the correct cytologic diagnosis and proper classification of the filamentous fungi. The ThinPrep® cytology was superior to tissue biopsy because it was faster and revealed the characteristic pauciseptate fungal hyphae, sporangiophores and zygospores. Liquid-based cytology is a valuable quick tool in the diagnosis of fungal mass-forming lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tasnim Keloth
- Cytology Unit, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saussure S, Jensen AB, Davey ML, Schjøll AF, Westrum K, Klingen I. Entomophthoralean fungi overwinter with the bird cherry-oat aphid on bird cherry trees. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 200:107971. [PMID: 37429542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In Scandinavia, the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi overwinter as eggs on the bird cherry tree Prunus padus. Branches of P. padus were collected at the late February / early March from 17 locations in Norway over a three-year period. We found 3599 overwintering aphid eggs, 59.5% of which were dead. Further, a total of 879 overwintering fungus-killed cadavers were observed. These cadavers were found close to bud axils, where overwintering eggs were also usually attached. Cadavers were infected with either Zoophthora cf. aphidis or Entomophthora planchoniana. All the fungal-killed cadavers were filled with overwintering structures of Z. cf. aphidis (as resting spores) or E. planchoniana (as modified hyphal bodies). We found a significant negative correlation between eggs and cadavers per branch. However, both numbers of eggs and cadavers varied greatly between years and among tree locations. This is the first report of E. planchoniana overwintering in R. padi cadavers as modified hyphal bodies. We discuss whether P. padus may act as an inoculum reservoir for fungi infecting aphids in cereals in spring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Saussure
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Science, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Annette Bruun Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsenvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marie L Davey
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Annette Folkedal Schjøll
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Karin Westrum
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Klingen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eilenberg J, Keller S, Humber RA, Jensen AH, Jensen AB, Görg LM, Muskat LC, Kais B, Gross J, Patel AV. Pandora cacopsyllae Eilenberg, Keller & Humber (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae), a new species infecting pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 200:107954. [PMID: 37356706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The new species Pandora cacopsyllae Eilenberg, Keller & Humber (Entomophthorales) is described. The fungus was found on infected pear psyllids Cacopsylla pyri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a pear orchard in Zealand, Denmark. Morphological structures (conidia, rhizoids, cystidia) were described on the designated type host C. pyri. In addition, conidia from an in vitro culture were described. Pandora cacopsyllae differs from other Pandora species by a) C. pyri is the natural host; b) conidia are different from other Pandora species infecting Psylloidea; c) ITS differs from other Pandora species infecting Hemiptera. The fungus has a high potential for future use in biological control of Cacopsylla pest species as well as other psyllids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Eilenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C., Denmark.
| | | | - Richard A Humber
- USDA-ARS Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Annette H Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Annette B Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Louisa M Görg
- Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, D-69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Linda C Muskat
- Geisenheim University, Department of Crop Protection, Von-Lade-Str. 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Britta Kais
- Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, D-69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gross
- Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, D-69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Anant V Patel
- Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, WG Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kadhirvelu HK, S M, Ramakrishnan R, Premamalini T. Subcutaneous zygomycosis in an immunocompetent patient caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253515. [PMID: 36604110 PMCID: PMC9827185 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zygomycosis is a fungal infection in humans caused by orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales. The incidence of Mucorales causing mucormycosis is on a rise and is well documented, whereas Entomophthorales is rare. Among Entomophthorales, infections caused by Conidiobolus are more common than Basidiobolus Here we present a case of subcutaneous basidiobolomycosis in a female patient. The patient had hyperpigmentation in the thigh region for 6 months and serous discharge for 4 months. All initial findings suggested the inflammatory stage of morphea. Differential diagnoses of granuloma annulare, malignant melanoma and morphea were considered radiologically. A good suspicion of fungal aetiology by the dermatologist led to an appropriate diagnosis of subcutaneous basidiobolomycosis based on fungal culture and histopathological examination. Based on macroscopic and microscopic findings, the causative organism was confirmed to be Basidiobolus ranarum The patient was started on oral potassium iodide and itraconazole and showed a good prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Kumar Kadhirvelu
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Murugan S
- Department of Dermatology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramya Ramakrishnan
- Department of General Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thayanidhi Premamalini
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Populations of the entomopathogenic fungus Batkoa major were analyzed using sequences of four genomic regions and evaluated in relation to their genetic diversity, insect hosts and collection site. This entomophthoralean pathogen killed numerous insect species from 23 families and five orders in two remote locations during 2019. The host list of this biotrophic pathogen contains flies, true bugs, butterflies and moths, beetles, and barkflies. Among the infected bugs (Order Hemiptera), the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) is a new invasive planthopper pest of various woody plants that was introduced to the USA from Eastern Asia. A high degree of clonality occurred in the studied populations and high gene flow was revealed using four molecular loci for the analysis of population structure. We did not detect any segregation in the population regarding host affiliation (by family or order), or collection site. This is the first description of population structure of a biotrophic fungus-generalist in the entomopathogenic Order Entomophthorales. This analysis aimed to better understand the potential populations of entomopathogen-generalists infecting emerging invasive hosts in new ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Golan
- Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abduh MS, Aldaqal SM, Almaghrabi J, Aljiffry MM, Elbadrawy HA, Alsahafi MA. A Very Rare Basidiobolomycosis Case Presented with Cecal Perforation and Concomitant Hepatic Involvement in an Elderly Male Patient: A Case Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19063412. [PMID: 35329103 PMCID: PMC8951099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This is a case report of Basidiobolomycosis in a 65-year-old male patient from Jizan presenting with colonic perforation and concomitant liver involvement from February 2021 to July 2021. To control the infection, the patient underwent colonic resection and segmental liver resection, as well as three antifungal drugs. The treatment was successful, and the condition was completely resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maisa S. Abduh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-56802-6868
| | - Saleh M. Aldaqal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Jaudah Almaghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Murad M. Aljiffry
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Hany A. Elbadrawy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (M.M.A.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Majid A. Alsahafi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Muskat LC, Görg LM, Humbert P, Gross J, Eilenberg J, Patel AV. Encapsulation of the psyllid-pathogenic fungus Pandora sp. nov. inedit. and experimental infection of target insects. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:991-999. [PMID: 34783145 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandora sp. nov. inedit. (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) (ARSEF 13372) is a recently isolated entomophthoralean fungus with potential for psyllid pest control. This study aimed to develop a formulation based on biocompatible hydrogel beads in order to transfer the fungus into an easily applicable form and to test the effects on psyllids. RESULTS After encapsulation in calcium alginate beads, Pandora sp. nov. grew from the beads and discharged conidia over 12 days under optimal humidity conditions at 18 °C. Conidial number was increased 2.95-fold by the addition of skimmed milk as nutritional formulation adjuvant to the beads. The virulence of the encapsulated fungus was assessed with the two target psyllid species; the summer apple psyllid, Cacopsylla picta and the pear psyllid, Cacopsylla pyri. Beads containing skimmed milk as nutritional adjuvant led to the highest mortalities (48.3% on C. picta and 75.0% on C. pyri). In a second bioassay, survival time of C. pyri exposed to beads containing different concentration (10%, 20% or 40%) of Pandora sp. nov. was tested. The survival time of C. pyri was significantly reduced when exposed to beads containing 10% or 20% Pandora sp. nov. The median survival time was reached after 5-6 days past inoculation and the cumulative mortality for C. pyri treated with Pandora sp. nov. beads showed up to 89% mortality. CONCLUSION The promising results of this study will ease the way for large-scale field application of a novel Pandora species in biological psyllid pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Muskat
- Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Louisa M Görg
- Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Pascal Humbert
- Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gross
- Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Jørgen Eilenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anant V Patel
- Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hajek AE, Diss-Torrance AL, Siegert NW, Liebhold AM. Inoculative Releases and Natural Spread of the Fungal Pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) into U.S. Populations of Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Environ Entomol 2021; 50:1007-1015. [PMID: 34314499 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While emphasis with entomopathogens has often been on inundative releases, we describe here historic widespread inoculative releases of a fungal entomopathogen. Several U.S. states and municipalities conducted inoculative releases of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu et Soper (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) after 1993, as gypsy moth populations spread into the Midwest and North Carolina. This Japanese pathogen first caused epizootics in northeastern North America in 1989 and methods for its inoculative release were tested and proven to be effective from 1991 to 1993. After 1993, spores in soil or in late instar cadavers were collected during or after epizootics and were released inoculatively into newly established populations of this spreading invasive; the goal was that spores would overwinter and germinate the next spring to infect larvae, thus speeding pathogen spread and hastening the development of epizootics in newly established populations. The fungus was released in gypsy moth populations that were separated from areas where the fungus was already established. In particular, extensive releases by natural resource managers in Wisconsin and Michigan aided the spread of E. maimaiga throughout these states. Where it has become established, this acute pathogen has become the dominant natural enemy and has exerted considerable influence in reducing gypsy moth damage. While this pathogen most likely would have invaded these new regions eventually, releases accelerated the spread of E. maimaiga and helped to reduce impacts of initial outbreaks, while further outbreaks were reduced by the pathogen's subsequent persistence and activity in those areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA
| | | | - Nathan W Siegert
- USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Eastern Region, Forest Health Protection, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Andrew M Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Praha 6 - Suchdol, CZ 165 21, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boyd KS, Drummond F, Donahue C, Groden E. Factors Influencing the Population Fluctuations of Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Maine. Environ Entomol 2021; 50:1203-1216. [PMID: 34175937 PMCID: PMC8506827 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.)) is a forest pest that was accidentally introduced in the late 1800's and spread throughout New England in the early part of the 20th Century. At its peak range expansion in 1915 it encompassed an area of 150,000 km2 after which populations declined. By the 1960s, its distribution had receded to relic populations on outer Cape Cod, MA, and islands in Casco Bay, ME. In 1989 browntail moth resurged in Maine, with periodic, moderate outbreaks before a dramatic increase of the population occurred in 2016. We examined the pattern of annual defoliation by browntail moth since its resurgence in the 1990s as well as variation in populations throughout infested areas in Maine during three years of the recent outbreak, 2016-2018, relative to differences in weather, parasitism and habitat characteristics. Levels of defoliation over 24 yr were predicted by the preceding spring precipitation (-, negative effect) and the year's previous late summer and early fall temperatures (+, positive effect) when first to third instar larvae feed and then construct winter hibernacula. Late summer temperatures predicted the abundance of hibernacula across outbreak areas (+). Early spring temperatures (+) and early and late spring precipitation (-) predicted early summer larval and pupal nest abundance. Warmer fall temperatures result in more mature populations coming out of winter hibernacula in the spring, whereas spring precipitation drives epizootic outbreaks of Entomophaga aulicae (Reichardt in Bail) Humber (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae). with parasitoids playing a lesser role. Climate trends indicate continued increases in fall temperatures since browntail moth resurgence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla S Boyd
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Francis Drummond
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Charlene Donahue
- Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry, Maine Forest Service, Augusta, ME, USA
| | - Eleanor Groden
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alsharidah A, Mahli Y, Alshabyli N, Alsuhaibani M. Invasive Basidiobolomycosis Presenting as Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: A Case Report. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17020535. [PMID: 31952125 PMCID: PMC7014094 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis is an uncommon emerging fungal infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. It frequently causes cutaneous infection, but it rarely infects visceral tissues in humans. Here, a 39-year-old previously healthy woman presented with severe left-sided abdominal pain and weight loss. She had visited several hospitals and had provisionally been diagnosed as having either a retroperitoneal malignancy or retroperitoneal fibrosis before being referred to our hospital. Abdominal computerized tomography and biopsy of the retroperitoneal mass revealed retroperitoneal basidiobolomycosis infection. She was started on antifungal treatment. This led to significant improvement, without surgical intervention. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis can present in many forms, commonly involving the colon and liver with multifocal inflammatory masses. Nonetheless, retroperitoneal basidiobolomycosis presentation is extremely rare and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a retroperitoneal mass with eosinophilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalek Alsharidah
- Department of Radiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-650-489-6963
| | - Yahya Mahli
- Department of Radiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nayef Alshabyli
- Department of Radiology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elkinton JS, Bittner TD, Pasquarella VJ, Boettner GH, Liebhold AM, Gould JR, Faubert H, Tewksbury L, Broadley HJ, Havill NP, Hajek AE. Relating Aerial Deposition of Entomophaga maimaiga Conidia (Zoopagomycota: Entomophthorales) to Mortality of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Larvae and Nearby Defoliation. Environ Entomol 2019; 48:1214-1222. [PMID: 31501859 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We collected data on mortality of late-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), from outbreak populations over 4 wk in June 2017 at 10 sites in the New England region of the United States, along with estimated rainfall at these sites. Deposition of airborne conidia of the fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & R.S. Soper, was measured at these same sites as well as at seven other locations in New England. We also quantified the geographical distribution of gypsy moth-caused defoliation in New England in 2017 and 2018 from Landsat imagery. Weekly mortality of gypsy moth larvae caused by E. maimaiga correlated with local deposition of conidia from the previous week, but not with rainfall. Mortality from this pathogen reached a peak during the last 2 wk of gypsy moth larval development and always exceeded that caused by LdNPV, the viral pathogen of gypsy moth that has long been associated with gypsy moth outbreaks, especially prior to 1989. Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) was by far the most abundant parasitoid recovered and caused an average of 12.6% cumulative parasitism, but varied widely among sites. Deposition of E. maimaiga conidia was highly correlated with percent land area defoliated by gypsy moths within distances of 1 and 2 km but was not significantly correlated with defoliation at distances greater than 2 km. This is the first study to relate deposition of airborne conidia of E. maimaiga to mortality of gypsy moths from that agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Elkinton
- Department of Environmental Conservation and Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | | | | | - George H Boettner
- Department of Environmental Conservation and Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Andrew M Liebhold
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Juli R Gould
- USDA APHIS PPQ Science and Technology, Buzzards Bay, MA
| | - Heather Faubert
- Department of Plant Science and Entomology and URI Cooperative Extension, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Lisa Tewksbury
- Department of Plant Science and Entomology and URI Cooperative Extension, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Hannah J Broadley
- Department of Environmental Conservation and Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | | | - Ann E Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Malagocka J, Eilenberg J, Jensen AB. Social immunity behaviour among ants infected by specialist and generalist fungi. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2019; 33:99-104. [PMID: 31358203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social insects are distinguished by their lifestyle of living in groups with division of labour, cooperative brood care, and reproduction limited to a few colony members. Social insects often build large colonies with remarkable densities of highly related individuals and this can lead to an increased pathogen pressure. Our review focuses on interactions of ants with two important taxonomic groups of fungi infecting ants: Hypocreales (Ascomycota) and Entomophthorales (Entomophthoromycotina), and their different infection strategies, including host manipulation for optimal spore dispersal in the specialised ant pathogens. In social insects such as ants, resistance to pathogens is present at the colony level, with social immunity in addition to the individual resistance. We describe how ants use both organizational and behavioural defence strategies to combat fungal pathogens, with emphasis on highly specialised fungi from the genera Ophiocordyceps and Pandora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Malagocka
- Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen Eilenberg
- Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annette Bruun Jensen
- Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parisio EM, Camarlinghi G, Nardone M, De Carolis E, Mattei R, Sanguinetti M. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in a patient suffering from duodenal ulcer with perforation: First case report from Italy. New Microbiol 2019; 42:125-128. [PMID: 30994179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB), an unusual fungal infection caused by the fungus Basidiobolus ranarum, is rarely reported in the medical literature. GIB is difficult to diagnose because its clinical presentation is non-specific and has no identifiable risk factors. We report here the first case of GIB diagnosed in Italy in a patient suffering from a duodenal ulcer with perforation. The patient was successfully treated with itraconazole. The absence of non-specific signs and symptoms of GIB may delay a definitive diagnosis and treatment. A microbiological investigation should always be requested in order to reach a rapid and definitive diagnosis and to rule out other intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Parisio
- Operative Unit of Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analysis; San Luca Hospital Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Lucca, Italy
| | - Giulio Camarlinghi
- Operative Unit of Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analysis; San Luca Hospital Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Lucca, Italy
| | - Maria Nardone
- Operative Unit of Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analysis; San Luca Hospital Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Lucca, Italy
| | - Elena De Carolis
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Polyclinic University Foundation Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Romano Mattei
- Operative Unit of Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analysis; San Luca Hospital Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Lucca, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Polyclinic University Foundation Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alagesan M, Franklin J, Jayalakshmi J, Rao TMS, Chaithra V. Basidiobolomycosis - Miss Me; It Hurts You. J Assoc Physicians India 2019; 67:83-84. [PMID: 30935185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Alagesan
- PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
| | - Joel Franklin
- Resident in Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
| | - J Jayalakshmi
- Professor of Microbiology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
| | - T M Subba Rao
- Professor of Pathology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
| | - V Chaithra
- Assistant Professor of Pathology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
We describe a rare case of entomophthoromycosis of the pharynx in a previously healthy patient, unlike other fungal infections which are seen as opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. This infection is commonly seen in subtropical and tropical areas of Africa, America, and Asia. Painless, erythematous, indurated plaques of subcutaneous tissue are characteristic of this infection. There are currently no standard antifungal regimens for this infection, making treatment difficult. An endoscopic surgical wide resection of the lesion was performed, itraconazole was administered, and the patient improved clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Nien Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Ming Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mahamaytakit N, Singalavanija S, Limpongsanurak W. Subcutaneous zygomycosis in children: 2 case reports. J Med Assoc Thai 2014; 97 Suppl 6:S248-S253. [PMID: 25391201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Basidiobolus ranarum is an uncommon subcutaneous zygomycosis mostly found in immunocompetent children in tropical countries. Presence of slow growing non-tender, non-inflammatory, subcutaneous swelling that does not spread beyond the subcutaneous tissue are classic clinical features. The authors report two cases of subcutaneous zygomycosis which tissue cultures were positive for Basidiobolus ranarum. The first case was a 10-months-old boy presented with prolonged high fever and a rapidly expanding ulcerated plaque unresponsive to systemic antibiotic. The second case was a 2-years-old girl presented with slow expanding mass at the buttock. Histopathology of both cases showed lobular panniculitis with eosinophilic infiltration and fungal culture revealed Basidiobolus ranarum. Oral itraconazole was given with good clinical response in both cases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zamora-Macorra EJ, Guzmán-Franco AW, Pell JK, Alatorre-Rosas R, Suarez-Espinoza J. Order of inoculation affects the success of co-invading entomopathogenic fungi. Neotrop Entomol 2012; 41:521-523. [PMID: 23949679 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-012-0075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of order of inoculation of Pandora blunckii and Zoophthora radicans co-infecting Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) was investigated. After co-inoculation, the proportion of larvae infected by either species was greatly reduced compared to when they were inoculated singly. The order of inoculation influenced the final outcome; the isolate inoculated last always killed more larvae than the isolate inoculated first.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Zamora-Macorra
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cisse M, Keita M, Magassouba NF, Camara A, Tounkara TM. [Fatal basidiobolous mycosis in a Guinean child infected with HIV]. Med Trop (Mars) 2007; 67:234. [PMID: 17784672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Cisse
- Service de dermatologie-MST, CHU Donka, Conakry, Guinée.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Baverstock J, Alderson PG, Pell JK. Pandora neoaphidis transmission and aphid foraging behaviour. J Invertebr Pathol 2005; 90:73-6. [PMID: 16039666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pandora neoaphidis is an aphid-specific entomopathogen that produces infective conidia. As aphid movement increases, so does the likelihood of contact with conidia. Volatile distress signals released in response to aphid infestation as an indirect defence against herbivory may affect aphid foraging and, therefore, the fungus-aphid interaction. In this study, two different methods were used to investigate the effect of plant volatiles and P. neoaphidis-sporulating cadavers on (1) the colonisation of Vicia faba plants by Acyrthosiphon pisum and (2) P. neoaphidis transmission. This study indicates that A. pisum does not avoid bean plants containing P. neoaphidis and that transmission of conidia occurs during plant colonisation and, to a lesser extent, during in situ feeding. Although significantly more aphids were recovered from damaged plants compared to undamaged plants, the likelihood of infection was not affected by previous infestation by aphids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Baverstock
- Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs exclusively in healthy individuals. Clinically, the infection is generally restricted to subcutaneous tissue; however, the disease has been documented to emerge in visceral organs but seldom spreads to cause disseminated infection. We describe the first culture-confirmed case of systemic Basidiobolus ranarum infection in an immunosuppressed patient. A 55-year-old female renal transplant recipient developed chronic hard nonpitting oedema of the right lower extremity and abdominal wall concurrent with the infection from the same organism involving the uterus, urinary bladder and intra-abdominal lymph nodes. The patient responded successfully, both clinically and radiographically, to medical therapy without surgical resection. The treatment regimen consisted of potassium iodide and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for 3 months, and the patient remains clear of symptoms after 10 months' follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Choonhakarn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Al Jarie A, Al-Mohsen I, Al Jumaah S, Al Hazmi M, Al Zamil F, Al Zahrani M, Al Modovar E, Al Dayel F, Al Arishii H, Shehrani D, Martins J, Al Mehaidib A, Rossi L, Olaiyan I, Le Quesne G, Al-Mazrou A. Pediatric gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22:1007-14. [PMID: 14614376 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000095166.94823.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosisis an unusual fungal infection that manifests in the skin and rarely involves other systems including the gastrointestinal tract. We retrospectively reviewed records of six pediatric patients (< or =14 years of age) diagnosed with gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis from March 2000 to March 2002. Four patients came from the same region, suggesting environmental exposure. Basidiobolomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in pediatric patients presenting with abdominal mass and eosinophilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Jarie
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maslin J, Morand JJ, Camparo P. [Zygomycoses and blastomycoses]. Med Trop (Mars) 2003; 63:23-7. [PMID: 12891745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Maslin
- Service de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées du Val de Grâce, 74 Boulevard, Port Royal, 75230 Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Feng M, Xu J. [Role of contagious infection of Pandora delphacis in suppression of Myzus persicae colonies]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2002; 13:1433-6. [PMID: 12625001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The colonies of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, on detached cabbage leaves (8 replicates) were initiated with each including 3 apterae exposed to 'spore shower' of the entomophthoraceous fungus, Pandora delphacis, to evaluate its potential for aphid control. The colonies were then allowed to freely propagate and infect from one to another for mycosis development at different regimes of temperature (10-30 degrees C) and relative humidity (74-100% RH). During a period of 30-day observation, aphid mycosis developed much more rapidly at the regimes of higher temperature (20-30 degrees C) and humidity (> or = 95% RH), at which, nymphs were effectively infected by contacting the conidia discharged from apterous cadavers. The efficacy of P. delphacis for control of M. persicae was easily visible at all regimes considered, despite variation in mycosis-caused mortality. Compared to the increase of M. persicae colony not contaminated with the fungal agent, the efficacy of control at all humidity regimes of 30 degrees C was the best, and it could be > 60% on day 4, and 100% on day 16. Secondary to the best, the increase of colony size at 20 and 25 degrees C was controlled by > 30% on day 8, and > 80% on day 20 at all the humidity regimes with occasional exceptions. The efficacy of control at 10 and 15 degrees C was usually inferior to those at higher temperatures, but to less degree associated with relative humidity. These results indicate that P. delphacis was of high potential for aphid control, deserving further study for practical utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Feng
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Huanzhou 310029.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Basidiobolus ranarum is a saprophytic fungus in the environment that also is a part of the endogenous microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of several vertebrates. These organisms may penetrate skin or muscosa of humans and other animals, causing granulomatous inflammation. Two dogs infected with B. ranarum had prolonged or repeated exposure to water or soil in their environment. One dog had progressive subcutaneous infection of all the limbs, and the other dog had recurrent coughing and dyspnea caused by tracheobronchitis. In both dogs, secondary bacterial infection of the lesions was evident. Treatment of the dog with subcutaneous infection involved cutaneous dressings and sequential use of enrofloxacin and itraconazole; however, this resulted in suspected liver damage without clinical improvement. Subsequent treatment with potassium iodide and a lipid formulation of amphotericin B was also unsuccessful, and the dog was euthanatized. The other dog was treated alternately with enrofloxacin and itraconazole. When the clinical signs and infection returned, combination treatment with both drugs was more effective; however, the dog developed liver damage. Subsequent treatment with enrofloxacin on an intermittent basis controlled the dog's coughing during a 3-year period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Greene
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Boonsarngsuk V, Suankratay C, Wilde H. Presumably entomophthoramycosis in an HIV-infected patient: the first in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 2001; 84:1635-40. [PMID: 11853309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors reported the case of a symptomatic HIV-infected woman with a slowly progressive infiltrative lesion which invaded in and around the nasal cavity over a 6-month period. Physical examination showed erythematous to violaceous plaques at the nasal and malar areas. Swelling of the inferior turbinate was noted in the right nare. Skin biopsy of the involved area revealed multiple nonseptate, broad, thin-walled hyphae within giant cells and granulomata. Entomophthoramycosis was diagnosed based on clinical features and histopathology. She was treated with intravenous amphotericin B for two weeks, followed by oral itraconazole 400 mg daily. At six months there was complete resolution of all lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Boonsarngsuk
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nielsen C, Eilenberg J, Harding S, Oddsdottir E, Halldórsson G. Geographical distribution and host range of entomophthorales infecting the green spruce aphid Elatobium abietinum Walker in Iceland. J Invertebr Pathol 2001; 78:72-80. [PMID: 11812109 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.2001.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Entomophthora planchoniana and Neozygites fresenii caused infection in populations of the green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum, in Iceland. On this aphid species En. planchoniana was exclusively found in the western part of Iceland, while N. fresenii was exclusively found in the eastern part of Iceland. This discrete and nearly nonoverlapping geographical distribution correlates with the distribution of two different populations of El. abietinum found in Iceland. On other aphid species N. fresenii, En. planchoniana, Pandora neoaphidis, and Conidiobolus obscurus were documented throughout the country. Transmission experiments showed that Pa. neoaphidis and En. planchoniana could infect the eastern population of El. abietinum, although they have never been found on this population in nature. This strongly indicates that there is little or no interaction among El. abietinum, other aphids, and their respective entomophthoralean fungi in the field. Furthermore, this study is the first to record epizootics caused by N. fresenii and En. planchoniana in the subpolar region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Nielsen
- Department of Ecology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C., 1871, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lyon GM, Smilack JD, Komatsu KK, Pasha TM, Leighton JA, Guarner J, Colby TV, Lindsley MD, Phelan M, Warnock DW, Hajjeh RA. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in Arizona: clinical and epidemiological characteristics and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:1448-55. [PMID: 11317246 DOI: 10.1086/320161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2000] [Revised: 10/03/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is an unusual fungal infection that is rarely reported in the medical literature. From April 1994 through May 1999, 7 cases of GIB occurred in Arizona, 4 from December 1998 through May 1999. We reviewed the clinical characteristics of the patients and conducted a case-control study to generate hypotheses about potential risk factors. All patients had histopathologic signs characteristic of basidiobolomycosis. Five patients were male (median age, 52 years; range, 37--59 years) and had a history of diabetes mellitus (in 3 patients), peptic ulcer disease (in 2), or pica (in 1). All patients underwent partial or complete surgical resection of the infected portions of their gastrointestinal tracts, and all received itraconazole postoperatively for a median of 10 months (range, 3--19 months). Potential risk factors included prior ranitidine use and longer residence in Arizona. GIB is a newly emerging infection that causes substantial morbidity and diagnostic confusion. Further studies are needed to better define its risk factors and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Lyon
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Elliot SL, de Moraes GJ, Delalibera I, da Silva CA, Tamai MA, Mumford JD. Potential of the mite-pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana ( Entomophthorales: Neozygitaceae) for control of the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae). Bull Entomol Res 2000; 90:191-200. [PMID: 10996860 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485300000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar), is an exotic pest in Africa and is the target of a classical biological control programme. Field data from the Neotropics, where it is indigenous, are presented for the first time, charting the variation in abundance of M. tanajoa over several seasons. This was highly variable, with a characteristic trough mid-year and a peak at the turn of the year. This pattern corresponded positively with rainfall levels, appearing to fit a phenology also characteristic of African studies, where rainfall at the start of the wet season promotes a leaf flush and so growth in M. tanajoa populations. Analyses implied some impact of leaf-inhabiting predatory mites (predominantly Neoseiulus idaeus Denmark & Muma) and a considerable impact of the fungal pathogen Neozygites floridana Fisher on M. tanajoa populations. This pathogen was not observed in the host population for several (generally dry) periods implying survival outside the host, perhaps as resting spores. This is a particularly desirable characteristic of a biological control agent. It is therefore proposed that N. floridana might be of particular use in drier cassava-growing areas where rainfall at the outset of the wet season is not sufficiently intense to cause heavy M. tanajoa mortality but may be sufficient to stimulate epizootics of the fungal pathogen, protecting the flush of new cassava growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Elliot
- Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Saint-Blancard P, Maccari F, Le Guyadec T, Lanternier G, Le Vagueresse R. [Lobomycosis: a mycosis seldom observed in metropolitan France]. Ann Pathol 2000; 20:241-4. [PMID: 10891722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of lobomycosis presenting like a cutaneous tumoral lesion in a patient living in Guyana. The causative agent is Loboa loboi. The illness is seldom observed in metropolitan France. The epidemiology, the clinical features, the course and the treatment are studied. The diagnosis is histological, with the morphological features of yeast-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Saint-Blancard
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Abstract
Zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum (entomophthoromycosis basidiobolae, subcutaneous zygomycosis, subcutaneous phycomycosis, basidiobolomycosis) is a granulomatous infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues characterized by the formation of fluctuant firm and non-tender swellings, generally on the extremities, trunk and rarely other parts of the body. The causative agent is common in soil, decaying vegetable matter, and the gastrointestinal tracts of amphibians, reptiles, fish and bats. It is presumed that infection is acquired through exposure to B. ranarum following minor trauma to skin or insect bites. The disease usually occurs in children, less often in adolescents and rarely in adults. Males are much more frequently affected than females. Laboratory diagnosis is based on histopathology and culture. The typical histopathological feature is the presence of thin-walled, broad often aseptate hyphae or hyphal fragments with an eosinophilic sheath, frequently phagocytized within giant cells. Basidiobolus ranarum is known to produce several enzymes, e.g. lipase and protease that probably play roles in the pathogenesis of infections caused by this mould. An immunological test has been developed for specific diagnosis of the disease. Though potassium iodide (KI) has been the traditional drug employed in the treatment of infections by B. ranarum, several other drugs, viz amphotericin B, cotrimoxazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole have been successfully tried.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Gugnani
- Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The paper describes the forward streaming, growth, and division of the vegetative cell of Basidiobolus ranarum. The cell is several hundred microns long and has a single large nucleus. Mitosis is invariably followed by cell division. Both processes have been studied in the living cell by ordinary and phase contrast microscopy. Mitosis is accompanied by a temporary coarsening of the organisation of the cytoplasm and a considerable slowing down of the rate of growth of the cell wall tube. Fixed and stained preparations have shown that there is a large number of small chromosomes and that the mitotic spindle is formed from the nucleolus. Basidiobolus appears suitable for observations on the cell duplication cycle and the physiology of mitosis.
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Haubold EM, Aronson JF, Cowan DF, McGinnis MR, Cooper CR. Isolation of fungal rDNA from bottlenose dolphin skin infected with Loboa loboi. Med Mycol 1998; 36:263-7. [PMID: 10075494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal-specific primers targeted for highly conserved genomic nucleic acid sequences were used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA from lobomycosis lesions in a bottlenose dolphin. Sequence alignments of this DNA possessed high homology to fungal ribosomal DNA sequences found in the genus Cladosporium. When used for in situ hybridization, the riboprobe transcribed from a cloned PCR-generated fragment bound to Loboa loboi cells. These results support the hypothesis that L. loboi in dolphin tissue is a fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Haubold
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0609, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
GREER DL, FRIEDMAN L. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AS A DIFFERENTIATING CHARACTERISTIC BETWEEN HUMAN AND NONHUMAN ISOLATES OF BASIDIOBOLUS SPECIES. J Bacteriol 1996; 88:812-3. [PMID: 14208529 PMCID: PMC277388 DOI: 10.1128/jb.88.3.812-813.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
40
|
Kohlmünzer S, Grzybek J, Wegiel J. Biological activity of polysaccharides from the mycelial culture of Tylopilus felleus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. Acta Pol Pharm 1992; 49:31-4. [PMID: 16092432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide A and B fractions from mycelial culture of Tylopilus felleus (Bull,: Fr.) P. Karst. were isolated. The acidic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides yielded glucose and peptidic part. Both polysaccharide fractions revealed mitodepressive and mitostatic activities in Allium test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kohlmünzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Medicine, 16 Krupnicza Str., 31-123 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
FLANDERS SE, BAY EC. STANDARDIZATION OF MASS REARING PROCEDURES FOR ENTOMOPHAGA. Bull World Health Organ 1964; 31:505-7. [PMID: 14272454 PMCID: PMC2555060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
|
42
|
GAMET A, BROTTES H. [PSEUDOTUMORAL PROCESS CAUSED BY A PHYCOMYCETE: BASIDIOBOLUS RANARUM]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1963; 56:285-7. [PMID: 14081681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
|
43
|
|
44
|
|