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Ortega-Ruiz R, Merlo Martín C, Leggio A, Botella Ortega D. A Late Antiquity case of a chronic osteomyelitis from the population of Cortijo Coracho, Córdoba, Spain (IV-VIII centuries AD). Anthropol Anz 2024; 81:351-360. [PMID: 38226683 DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2024/1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The Cortijo Coracho archaeological site dates from the Late Antiquity period, from the 5th to the 8th century AD. During this period, a number of populations settled in the area (Germanic peoples until Visigothic rule, Byzantine until the arrival of the Arabs, etc.), each of them concentrating the historical characteristics in the Sub-Baetic that are currently known. The Cortijo Coracho archaeological site is currently located in the city of Lucena (Cordoba, Spain), found after the works on the A-45 motorway. The necropolis consists of 294 inhumations and the remains of a basilica, although after a series of surveys it is estimated that there are around 700 additional burials, which would make it the largest necropolis with ad sancti burials surrounding a martyrial basilica dating back to the 4th century AD. Among the burials, 397 subjects were recovered, which implies a large presence of shared and/or reused burials. These subjects were transferred to the city's museum, where they were examined, reorganised and classified. At this point, subjects of scientific interest were found, as is the case of subject 204, the topic of this article. This individual, described as an adult male, is an example of the living conditions of this period, since despite his injury on the left lower extremity, a double fracture aggravated by a chronic osteomyelitis infection, he continued to use that limb. This paper will give the details of that distinctive lesion and the possible hypotheses underlying it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ortega-Ruiz
- Instituto de Formación Profesional en Ciencias Forenses, 20-22 Wenlock Road, London, UK
- Universidad Isabel I, Facultad de Criminología
| | - Cristina Merlo Martín
- Instituto de Formación Profesional en Ciencias Forenses, 20-22 Wenlock Road, London, UK
- Colegio de Doctores y Licenciados en Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de Granada, Almería y Jaén, Spain
| | - Alessia Leggio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Policlinico di Bari Hospital, University of Bari, Italy
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Sutherland ML. Use of Computed Tomography scanning in a 'virtual' bioarchaeology of care analysis of a Central Coast Peruvian mummy bundle. Int J Paleopathol 2019; 25:129-138. [PMID: 30797742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CT scanning was utilized to investigate an intact mummy bundle within the bioarchaeology of care framework. The project sought to ascertain whether a 'virtual' analysis was feasible, thereby avoiding physical disturbance to bundle structure and contents. METHODS The bundle selected for this study contained an adult male (FA 54), Ichma culture, Peru, displaying evidence for two pathologies: chronic osteomyelitis of the right tibia, and cranial trauma. CT images provided the basis for bioarchaeology of care analysis, which followed Index of Care protocols. RESULTS CT images enabled description and diagnosis of FA 54, and revealed human neonate remains and material artifacts within the bundle. Probable disease impacts were identified, and likely forms of care provided were inferred. CT scanning was of limited value in identifying characteristics of textile wrapping (a clue to cultural identity) and in resolving questions regarding funerary treatment (primary vs. secondary burial), and this constrained consideration of wider social implications of caregiving. CONCLUSION 'Virtual' examination of FA 54 achieved an advanced stage of bioarchaeology of care analysis, but building on this would require physical examination of bundle elements. Further investigation of CT imaging potential for bioarchaeology of care research in mummy studies is recommended.
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Kierdorf U, Olsen MT, Kahle P, Ludolphy C, Kierdorf H. Dental pulp exposure, periapical inflammation and suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws in juvenile Baltic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus grypus) from the late 19th century. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215401. [PMID: 30978237 PMCID: PMC6461278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic analysis of museum collections can provide important insights into the dental and skeletal pathology of wild mammals. Here we present a previously unreported type of dental defect and related skull pathology in five juvenile Baltic grey seals that had been collected in the course of a seal culling program along the Danish coast in 1889 and 1890. All five skulls exhibited openings into the pulp cavities at the crown tips of all (four animals) or two (one animal) canines as well as several incisors and (in one animal) also some anterior premolars. The affected teeth showed wide pulp cavities and thin dentin. Pulp exposure had caused infection, inflammation, and finally necrosis of the pulp. As was evidenced by the extensive radiolucency around the roots of the affected teeth, the inflammation had extended from the pulp into the periapical space, leading to apical periodontitis with extensive bone resorption. Further spreading of the inflammation into the surrounding bone regions had then caused suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws. The postcanine teeth of the pathological individuals typically had dentin of normal thickness and, except for one specimen, did not exhibit pulp exposure. The condition may have been caused by a late onset of secondary and tertiary dentin formation that led to pulp exposure in anterior teeth exposed to intense wear. Future investigations could address a possible genetic causation of the condition in the studied grey seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Morten T. Olsen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia Kahle
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | | | - Horst Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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Micarelli I, Paine RR, Tafuri MA, Manzi G. A possible case of mycosis in a post-classical burial from La Selvicciola (Italy). Int J Paleopathol 2019; 24:25-33. [PMID: 30245229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An examination of an adult male buried from the post-classical necropolis of La Selvicciola (Viterbo, Latium, Italy; 4th-6th centuries AD) revealed a series of skeletal lesions. The lesions, both proliferative and lytic, ranging in size from small (around 0.01 mm) to extensive (up to 16.00 mm) pits, occurred at multiple sites. A holistic approach assessed lesion type, frequency and location in a differential diagnosis, which included myeloma, metastatic carcinoma, tuberculosis, leukemia, osteomyelitis, and mycoses. It was concluded that a mycosis, specifically Cryptococcosis, was the most likely cause of these lesions. Both macroscopic analyses and X-ray scans support our diagnosis. We also provide a methodological scheme as a model for examining unknown lesion patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Micarelli
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichità, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy; Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Robert R Paine
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Mary Anne Tafuri
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Manzi
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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Tavares A, Makhoul C, Monteiro M, Curate F. Pediatric chronic osteomyelitis in the outskirts of Al-Ushbuna (Carnide, Lisboa, Portugal). Int J Paleopathol 2017; 18:1-4. [PMID: 28888386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal remains of seven individuals (five non-adults and two adults) were recovered during an archeological intervention in the township of Carnide (Lisbon, Portugal). Funerary anthropology strongly suggests that the sample is from the Medieval Islamic period (8th - 12th centuries AD). This report presents a case of chronic osteomyelitis in a non-adult individual. The diagnostic is substantiated by the presence of pathognomonic signs of osteomyelitis, including the presence of cloacae and a sequestrum in the left tibia. The bone infection is discussed in the context of inadequate socioeconomic conditions. This case from a relatively unfamiliar chronology and cultural context supplements the uncommon paleopathological descriptions of osteomyelitis in non-adults from historical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tavares
- Neonatal Functional Unit, Cascais Hospital - Dr. José de Almeida, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Calil Makhoul
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Francisco Curate
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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D'Argenio V, Torino M, Precone V, Casaburi G, Esposito MV, Iaffaldano L, Malapelle U, Troncone G, Coto I, Cavalcanti P, De Rosa G, Salvatore F, Sacchetti L. The Cause of Death of a Child in the 18th Century Solved by Bone Microbiome Typing Using Laser Microdissection and Next Generation Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010109. [PMID: 28067829 PMCID: PMC5297743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of medicine abounds in cases of mysterious deaths, especially by infectious diseases, which were probably unresolved because of the lack of knowledge and of appropriate technology. The aim of this study was to exploit contemporary technologies to try to identify the cause of death of a young boy who died from a putative “infection” at the end of the 18th century, and for whom an extraordinarily well-preserved minute bone fragment was available. After confirming the nature of the sample, we used laser microdissection to select the most “informative” area to be examined. Tissue genotyping indicated male gender, thereby confirming the notary’s report. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were more abundant than Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and that Pseudomonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in the Pseudomonadaceae family. These data suggest that the patient most likely died from Pseudomonas osteomyelitis. This case is an example of how new technological approaches, like laser microdissection and next-generation sequencing, can resolve ancient cases of uncertain etiopathology. Lastly, medical samples may contain a wealth of information that may not be accessible until more sophisticated technology becomes available. Therefore, one may envisage the possibility of systematically storing medical samples for evaluation by future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria D'Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marielva Torino
- Department of Paleopathology, University of Naples Suor Orsola Benincasa, via Suor Orsola 10, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Precone
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Casaburi
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Iaffaldano
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Iolanda Coto
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paolina Cavalcanti
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital of Cosenza, via San Martino, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Gaetano De Rosa
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico)-Fondazione SDN, via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Sacchetti
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.
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Nakayama DK. The poet, his poem, and the surgeon: the stories behind the enduring appeal of Invictus. J Surg Educ 2015; 72:170-175. [PMID: 25139605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Don K Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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Hansen SE. [A birth with fatal outcome in 1866]. Dan Medicinhist Arbog 2015; 43:101-108. [PMID: 27086448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A birth with fatal outcome for both the mother and the foetus was reported in the Danish medical journal, Bibliothek for Læger in 1868. Here, the article with its two illustrations is summarised because of the vivid description of the course together with the therapeutic considerations expressed by the obstetrician. Due to an earlier osteomyelitis the pregnant woman's spine was deformed and her pelvis was narrowed. The birth came to a standstill, and it became necessary to reduce the circumference of the foetus' cranium by perforation, after which the dead foetus could be delivered. The woman died of infection some days later. Afterwards her deformed lumbar spine and pelvis was removed, preserved and depicted in two lithographs. The preserved pelvis is still extant in the Saxtorphian obstetric collection in Medical Museion, Copenhagen.
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Stanaway P. From patient to nurse---my journey. Nurs N Z 2012; 18:25. [PMID: 22866467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Abstract
This biographical sketch on William S. Baer corresponds to the historic text, The Classic: The Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis With the Maggot (Larva of the Blow Fly), available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-010-1416-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Manring
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University, 4110 Cramblett Hall, 456 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jason H. Calhoun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University, 4110 Cramblett Hall, 456 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Brand RA. 50 Years ago in CORR: Resection of major portion of the calcaneus L. L. Wiltse MD, J. Gordon Batemen MD, and Sidney Kase MD CORR 1959;13:271-278. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468:2295-6. [PMID: 20387019 PMCID: PMC2895856 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Brand
- Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
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Brand RA. Papers presented at the 2008 meeting of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society: John Albert Key, 1890-1955. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009; 467:1660-1. [PMID: 19326183 PMCID: PMC2690756 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-009-0798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This biographical sketch on John Albert Key corresponds to the historic text, The Classic: Sulfonamides in the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis, available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-0797-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Brand
- Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
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Sabbatani S, Fiorino S. [Contribution of paleopathology to defining the pathocoenosis of infectious diseases (Part one)]. Infez Med 2008; 16:236-250. [PMID: 19155692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Studying the remains of mummies obtained by archaeological research may provide key information concerning historical pathocoenosis. Paleopathology makes it possible to recognise, characterise and connect different features involved in human pathocoenosis, such as epidemiology, in a historical perspective, and cultural development, via the introduction of new livestock farming techniques and agriculture in general. Several distinct pathologies may produce direct and indirect changes in the skeleton of affected individuals. Therefore bone remains represent very important sources of information to study such diseases. Changes related to trauma and nutrition deficiency as well as secondary signs, induced by tuberculosis, brucellosis, leprosy, syphilis, malaria, periostitis and aspecific osteomyelitis, persist in bones. In addition, other diseases may cause indirect alterations and subsequent secondary bone in the skeleton via different mechanisms. A secondary bone dimorphism may be induced by poliomyelitis. Aspecific lesions may arise in a skeletal bone and then cause secondary alterations in near-bone segments. Reviewing studies of paleopathologic research found in the literature, we emphasize the relationship between the appearance of major infectious diseases and the development of human activities; whereas it is clear that the introduction of livestock farming had a key role in the pathocoenosis of distinct infections such as tuberculosis, brucellosis and leprosy, some doubts and uncertainty remain in relation to the origin of others with epidemiologically important pathologies, such as syphilis.
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MESH Headings
- Bone and Bones
- Brucellosis/history
- Communicable Diseases/history
- Communicable Diseases/pathology
- Fossils
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Ancient
- History, Medieval
- Humans
- Italy
- Leprosy/history
- Malaria/history
- Osteomyelitis/history
- Paleopathology/history
- Poliomyelitis/history
- Syphilis/history
- Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/history
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabbatani
- Unita Operativa di Malattie Infettive, Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna; Unita Operativa di Medicina Interna, Ospedale Civile di Budrio, Bologna, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Clark McKeever
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pathology, St. Luke’s Hospital, Kansas City, MO USA
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Abstract
Osteomyelitis is one of the oldest diseases known. It took many years before the acute infection could be brought under control with antibiotics and chronic osteomyelitis remains difficult to manage. The modern history of the disease is reflected in the pages of the
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Affiliation(s)
- L Klenerman
- Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, University of Liverpool, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 22 Buckingham Street, London, WC2N 6ET, United Kingdom.
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Kuhn G, Schultz M, Müller R, Rühli FJ. Diagnostic value of micro-CT in comparison with histology in the qualitative assessment of historical human postcranial bone pathologies. HOMO 2007; 58:97-115. [PMID: 17451711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (muCT) is of great interest for palaeopathological examination because it is less invasive than histology. This study evaluates the diagnostic value of muCT for postcranial macerated bones. We investigated five specimens (osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, trauma, osteosarcoma and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy) of a pathology reference series by muCT and polarised light microscopy. The 3D muCT images allow an easy orientation within the specimen. Surface structures, thickness, continuity of the cortex and number, thickness and orientation of the trabeculae can be evaluated. The high number of muCT slices helps to choose the most interesting areas for further investigations. Grey value images display the degree of mineralisation. Yet, the differentiation between woven and lamellar bone is only possible using polarised light microscopy. muCT is a tool of high value for the examination of postcranial bone disorders. It cannot replace histological examinations completely because it cannot assess the bone quality (woven or lamellar). For the choice of the optimal location where slices for the microscopic investigation are later cut in heterogeneous samples, muCT is very useful. Therefore, we suggest performing the muCT examination first, followed by histology if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kuhn
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Early Holocene bison mandibles (Bison antiquus) from Nebraska, ca. 8500 y ago, were examined with a variety of modern histotechnological procedures and staining techniques. A pathological, anatomical diagnosis of moderately severe, locally extensive, mandibular osteomyelitis with intralesional spherules morphologically consistent with fungal pathogens in the genus Coccidioides was made. The modern distribution of the organisms in North America is restricted to the arid Southwest. This implies either the fossil home range of the fungi was larger than it is today or fossil bison migrated between endemic and nonendemic foci during the early Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willard Morrow
- University of Missouri at Kansas City, School of Medicine, Basic Medical Science, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA.
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Rühli FJ, Kuhn G, Evison R, Müller R, Schultz M. Diagnostic value of micro-CT in comparison with histology in the qualitative assessment of historical human skull bone pathologies. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007; 133:1099-111. [PMID: 17530700 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cases of pathologically changed bone might constitute a diagnostic pitfall and frequently need histological methods to be etiologically properly evaluated. With micro-computed tomography (microCT), a new epoch of 2D and 3D imaging has been launched. We evaluated the diagnostic investigation of this analytical method versus well established histological investigations of historical human bone. Pathological changes due to various etiologies (infectious, traumatic, endocrinological, neoplasia) observed in autopsy-based macerated human skulls (Galler Collection, Natural History Museum Basel, Switzerland) were investigated by microCT and compared with histological thin ground sections using polarized light. Micro-CT images visualize the architecture of the bone with high spatial resolution without preparation or destruction of the sample in the area to be sectioned. Changes in the bone surfaces as well as alterations of the diploë can be assessed. However, morphological patterns caused by reactive response, such as typical arrangements of collagen fibers, can only be visualized by the microscopic investigation of thin ground sections using polarized light. A great advantage of microCT is the high number of slices obtained so that spatial differences within the areas of the specimen become visible. Micro-CT is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of vestiges of skull bone diseases. Its advantages over histology are the fast, automated image acquisition and the fact that the specimen is not completely destroyed. Only excision of the area to be scanned is necessary, if the specimen is too large to be scanned as a whole. Further, the 3D visualization of the micro-architecture allows an easy orientation within the sample, for example, for the choice of the location of the histological slices. However, the need to differentiate woven from lamellar bone still makes histology an indispensable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Rühli
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Heidecker KM. [Trepanation of the skull in classical antiquity]. Wurzbg Medizinhist Mitt 2006; 25:113-31. [PMID: 17333859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Archaeological findings prove that cranial operations of different techniques performed on living men, women, and children have a history of 7000 years. It is often assumed, that many of these operations were carried out for reasons, that are to be found in the realm of magic or, in the case of epilepsia, to drive the evil spirit out of the head. However, study of medical literature from classical antiquity proves that in those days medical doctors had a good knowledge of severe head injuries, as a result of their precise observation of injured or sick human beings. Consequently, there were a number of accurate medical diagnoses indicating cranial operations such as: severe fractures of the skull where cranial bones pressed upon the brain, haemorrhages between cranial bones and dura mater as well as osteomyelitis. The primary reason of surgical treatment of the latter was remove necrotic osseous tissue and not to trepan the skull. With the help of the surgical instruments found in Bingen and on the basis of sources from classical antiquity, the trepanation method as applied 2000 years ago may be explained in detail. Healing processes of skulls of people who underwent surgical treatment show that in an era where anaesthesia, asepsis and antibiotics were still unknown, approximately 80 per cent of patients survived the operation, provided that the highly elastic dura mater was not damaged either by the traumatic event or during surgery. An intact dura mater was the most important protection against infections which inevitably led to death in those times.
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Giusiani S, Vitiello A, Caramella D, Bertoni F, Fornaciari G. [Sclerosing osteomyleitis of Garre from the cemetery of the Monte di Croce castle (XI century)]. Med Secoli 2006; 18:959-964. [PMID: 18175632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Giusiani
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Oncologia, dei Trapianti e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina
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23
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24
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25
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Ellis VH. THE CLASSIC: penicillin: its practical application in orthopaedic surgery and fractures. 1946. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005; 439:17-22. [PMID: 16205131 DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000183430.21286.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
James Platt White, MD (1811-1881), one of the founders and leading figures of the Buffalo Medical College and a pioneer in American obstetrics and gynecology, suffered an interesting and remarkable accident to his neck at the age of 26 while traveling in a stagecoach in Western New York. He was confined to bed until after 45 days, a piece of bone was discharged into his pharynx and then expectorated. The segment of bone proved to be the anterior arch of his atlas (C1) vertebra. He recovered completely from this injury except for permanent loss of rotation of his head and neck. However, he was without functional disability until his death, 44 years later, at the age of 70. This case documents the clinical result during a 44-year period after traumatic loss of the anterior arch of C1. Such cases have been reported only rarely in the literature. Only limited information is available regarding the long-term clinical significance of a Jefferson fracture with exfoliation of the anterior arch of C1. My analysis suggests that White suffered an open Jefferson's fracture that became infected. The anterior arch of C1 became a sequestrum and was discharged spontaneously into his pharynx and then expectorated. This case report with decades of followup should be of interest to all who care for patients with cervical spine injuries and those who are interested in the history of medicine in Western New York.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene R Mindell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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28
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Pinals RS. An untimely illness: Dr. Osler calls upon a future first lady. Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc 2004; 67:14-8. [PMID: 15214237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Pinals
- Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA.
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31
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Starr CL. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. Clarence L. Starr, M.D. (1868-1928). 1922. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002:4-7. [PMID: 12360000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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33
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Neiburger EJ, Patterson BD. A forensic dental determination of serial killings by three African lions. Gen Dent 2002; 50:40-2. [PMID: 12029795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Forensic dentistry's role in solving homicide cases is not limited to victim and other human identifications. This science also can apply to perpetrators, human as well as animal, and can clarify historical incidents that occurred many years ago. In two cases more than 90 years apart, three African lions were jointly responsible for the killing of 141 humans for food, replacing their normal animal prey. A thorough dental analysis identified pathologies that may have forced the cats to select slower and less troublesome prey (humans) over their traditional food sources. The uncanny ability of these lions to avoid traps, ambushes, and gunfire while they continued to prey on so many well-armed and forewarned men remains unexplained.
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35
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Galeano M, Ioli V, Colonna M, Risitano G. Maggot therapy for treatment of osteomyelitis and deep wounds: an old remedy for an actual problem. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001; 108:2178-9. [PMID: 11743448 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200112000-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Abstract
This article focuses on the differential diagnosis of pathologic lesions recorded on the limbs and crania of 17 subadults from two pre-European burial mounds in Tonga, western Polynesia. All affected subadults were between the ages of 6 months and 3 years at death. The lesions described consist primarily of subperiosteal new bone deposition on the limbs and endocranial surface. However, the presence of cribra orbitalia in a number of individuals indicates concurrent iron-deficiency anaemia. A differential diagnosis of haematogenous osteomyelitis, congenital syphilis, yaws, scurvy, hypervitaminosis A, trauma, Caffey's disease, and iron-deficiency anaemia is discussed. It was concluded that the most likely cause for the lesions observed is a synergistic relation between infection (weanling diarrhoea, yaws) and metabolic disease (scurvy and possibly hypervitaminosis A). Trauma is not ruled out as contributing to the development of some pathologic lesions. It is concluded that, in the Pacific Islands at least, multiple causes for skeletal pathology in subadults should be considered rather than a single aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Buckley
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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37
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38
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Davidov MI. [Wounding in a duel of famous Russian poet A.S.Pushkin]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2000:64-9. [PMID: 10842973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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39
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Abstract
The National Museum of Health and Medicine was founded as the Army Medical Museum during the American Civil War to document the effects of war wounds and disease on the human body. Since then, the Museum has created a collection of documented pathologic specimens that can be used to study the gross and microscopic appearance of disease conditions. The Museum's collections are a vital link to the past and the future of medical research and form a unique national medical repository that is used continuously for research, education, and exhibit purposes. Today, the Museum in association with its parent institution, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, provides access to over 130 years of documented medical specimens. These specimens allow the unique opportunity to re-examine historical classification systems and disease diagnoses. The case of subacute chronic osteomyelitis with cortical sequestration of Private J. Potter from the Civil War is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Barbian
- National Museum of Health and Medicine and the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Disease Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA
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Grubnik VV, Nikolaeva NG, Smirnov AB, Brizitskiĭ VV. [The importance and methods of treatment of chronic osteomyelitis]. Klin Khir 1999:42-5. [PMID: 10584500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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41
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Orr HW. The Orr method in osteomyelitis, compound fractures and other infections. 1930. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999:3-5. [PMID: 10101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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42
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Cockayne E. The misfortune of John Steggall (1789-1881), a country practitioner. J R Soc Med 1999; 92:91-3. [PMID: 10450225 PMCID: PMC1297073 DOI: 10.1177/014107689909200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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43
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Walenkamp GH, van Roermund PM, van Horn JR. [One hundred years of orthopedics in the Netherlands. IX. The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1998; 142:1124-30. [PMID: 9623233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by cicatrization of the focus of infection with deteriorating vascularization, which makes the disease increasingly difficult to treat. The treatment in chronic osteomyelitis consists primarily in surgical debridement of the scarified focus of infection; stabilization with external fixation allows better treatment. Following debridement, local antibiotic treatment is possible with gentamicin containing cement beads, if necessary combined with systemic antibiotic treatment. If the infection heals well, a reconstruction may, if necessary, be carried out: bone defects frequently necessitate bone transplantation, bone segment shifting (Ilizarov method) or free muscle flap grafts. In the future, resistant bacteria will make healing harder. There will be more possibility to use resorbable antibiotic vehicles and bone-replacing biomaterials.
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Abstract
Contrary to contemporary opinion, the principles of muscle flap preparation and the use of muscle flaps for, among other conditions, chronic osteomyelitis were described in Europe in the 19th century. This article introduces significant works from the turn of the century which would have greatly contributed to today's knowledge had they not fallen into obscurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Noszczyk
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Postgraduate Education Centre, Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Abstract
Congenital syphilis has been diagnosed very seldom in ancient populations. The case that we examined comes from San Jeronimo's Church (17th and 18th centuries AD; Mexico City). Coffin 43 contained an incomplete skeleton of an approximately 2-year-old infant. The pathological lesions of this skeleton include bilateral osteochondritis, diaphyseal osteomyelitis, and osteitis and/or periostitis on the long bones. The radiographic appearance depicts symmetrical osteomyelitic foci, particularly at the proximal extremity of both tibiae (Wimberger's sign). The skull exhibits hydrocephaly and periosteal changes on the vault, and the unerupted upper incisors evince dental hypoplasia and other pathological alterations reminiscent of Hutchinson's incisors. All these features strongly suggest a case of early congenital syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mansilla
- Dirección de Antropología Física, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México, D.F
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46
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Vorob'ev II, Truten' VP, Robustova TG. [The x-ray picture of chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the mandible in adults in the past and today]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 1992:41-3. [PMID: 1307155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of mandibular roentgenograms of 286 patients with odontogenic osteomyelitis has lead the authors to a conclusion on the predominance of diffuse forms of the condition with marked sequestration in the 30's and 40's. Currently hyperplastic osteomyelitis occurs in 12% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Baron
- Department of Surgery, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London
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48
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Ulrich-Bochsler S, Baumgartner R. [3 discoveries of amputations in Bern canton, Switzerland]. Anthropol Anz 1988; 46:327-34. [PMID: 3066289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
At La Neuveville (Switzerland) close to the Blanche Eglise a separately buried amputated leg from the 19th century was discovered. The pathological lesions of the knee joints are most likely due to a nonspecific infection (Osteomyelitis). However, postmortal defects made an exact diagnosis difficult. Two foot-amputated male burials were discovered on St. Petersinsel (Switzerland) in the monastery cemetery of the 11th to 15th century. The possible causes of these amputations are being discussed within the historical context.
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49
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Wood RE, Nortjé CJ, Grotepass F, Schmidt S, Harris AM. Periostitis ossificans versus Garrè's osteomyelitis. Part I. What did Garrè really say? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1988; 65:773-7. [PMID: 3041342 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(88)90028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In 1893, C. Garrè published an article dealing with the manifestations of acute osteomyelitis. Since then, his name has been associated with diseases such as Garrè's osteomyelitis, chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis, and periostitis ossificans, among others. Scrutiny of a translated version of the original article reveals that Garrè was not responsible for the description of the disease that now bears his name.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Wood
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa
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50
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Classics in infectious diseases. Observations on the pathology and treatment of necrosis. By Nathan Smith. 1827. Rev Infect Dis 1986; 8:505-10. [PMID: 3523705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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