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Bailey M, Shulman LM, Ryan D, Ouyang B, Shulman JM, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, Barnes LL, Hall DA. Frequency of Parkinsonism and Parkinson Disease in African Americans in the Chicago Community. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1340-1345. [PMID: 33631006 PMCID: PMC8202152 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is paucity of data about African American (AA) patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonism which may precede PD in older adults. Prior studies suggest that there are lower rates of PD in the AA population, with more cognitive impairment in AA with PD. This study aimed to investigate differences in PD, parkinsonism, and cognition between White and AA populations in 3 longitudinal epidemiologic cohort studies of aging. METHODS This study examined parkinsonism, PD frequency, and cognition of community-dwelling older individuals in 3 longitudinal epidemiologic cohort studies. Parkinsonism was based on an exam utilizing the modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale performed by a nurse. PD was based on self-report, medications used for treatment of PD, and examination findings. Cognition was assessed using 19 performance-based tests that assess 5 cognitive domains. RESULTS AA participants were less likely to have parkinsonism compared to Whites, even with age and gender differences. Frequency of PD was not significant between groups. AA were more likely to have lower cognitive scores as compared to Whites. AA were less likely to have parkinsonism even with controlling for cognitive differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Parkinsonian signs are present among AA in the community at lower rates than in White individuals. Cognitive profiles of AA and Whites with parkinsonism may be different, suggesting differing contributions of pathology to cognitive decline and parkinsonism between groups. Additional research is needed to understand the progression of parkinsonism to PD, as well as to understanding the cognitive differences in AA with parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Bailey
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Diane Ryan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bichun Ouyang
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deborah A Hall
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
RATIONALE Parkinsonism can be secondary to many internal diseases, in some certain conditions, it seems that the clinical manifestations of parkinsonism presenting reversible. We report a case of patient with parkinsonism secondary to pseudohypoparathyroidism, who improved markedly after the supplement of serum calcium. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES A 52-year-old woman with acute parkinsonism was diagnosed as pseudohypoparathyroidism after the conducting of brain computed tomography, laboratory examinations, and gene detection. The son of the patient was also examined and was diagnosed as pseudohypoparathyroidism, who had ever complained of the history of epilepsy. The clinical manifestations of parkinsonism of the patient was reevaluated after the supplement of serum calcium according to the diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The brain computed tomography revealed the basal ganglia calcification of the patient, accompanying by serum hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Loss of function mutation also confirmed the diagnosis. Five days after the therapy targeting at correction of serum hypocalcemia, the patient improved greatly in dyskinesia. LESSONS This study reported a patient presenting as acute reversible parkinsonism, who was finally diagnosed as pseudohypoparathyroidism. It indicated us that secondary parkinsonism should be carefully differentiated for its dramatic treatment effect. And the family history of seizures might be an indicator for the consideration of pseudohypoparathyroidism.
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Blanckenberg J, Ntsapi C, Carr JA, Bardien S. EIF4G1 R1205H and VPS35 D620N mutations are rare in Parkinson's disease from South Africa. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:445.e1-3. [PMID: 24080171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The R1205H mutation in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G1 (EIF4G1) gene and the D620N mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) gene were recently found in patients with autosomal dominant or sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, 418 South African PD patients and 528 control subjects of diverse ethnicities were screened using the KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) genotyping assay. The mutations were not found in our study, suggesting that they are not a common cause of PD in South African patients. Further studies are needed on the frequency of these 2 mutations in other sub-Saharan African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Blanckenberg
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Abstract
We sought to determine if Chamorro individuals with a family history of Guam dementia (GD) or Parkinson dementia complex (PDC) exhibit presymptomatic brain MRI changes. Sixty-six Chamorro subjects had neurocognitive assessment and volumetric MRI. MRI brain volumes differed between diagnostic groups (GD, PDC, control) and according to family history. Chamorros with a family history of PDC or dementia may have increased brain atrophy, suggesting a hereditary susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kaye
- Departments of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Borenstein AR, Mortimer JA, Schofield E, Wu Y, Salmon DP, Gamst A, Olichney J, Thal LJ, Silbert L, Kaye J, Craig UL, Schellenberg GD, Galasko DR. Cycad exposure and risk of dementia, MCI, and PDC in the Chamorro population of Guam. Neurology 2007; 68:1764-71. [PMID: 17515538 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000262027.31623.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study cycad-derived products as possible risk factors for dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) on Guam. METHODS Complete risk factor data from in-person interviews of 166 cases of Guam dementia, 50 cases of amnestic MCI, and 21 cases of PDC were compared with 1,581 controls in the base population regarding exposure to cycad-derived products from a traditional food (fadang), consumption of fruit bats, and use of cycad-derived topical medicine. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for picking, processing, and eating fadang in young adulthood ranged from 1.42 (1.05 to 1.91) to 2.87 (1.48 to 5.56) and were consistently elevated and significant across all three diagnostic outcomes. Associations independent of exposure in young adulthood were for picking (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.96) and processing (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.94) fadang in childhood with Guam dementia. Men showed stronger and more consistent relations across exposure groups in young adulthood compared with women. No associations were found for consumption of fruit bats or exposure to cycad used as a topical medicine for any of the outcomes. Estimated adjusted population attributable risks suggest that exposure to eating fadang in young adulthood incurred the highest attributable risk percent. CONCLUSIONS Environmental lifestyle and diet may contribute to the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the native population of Guam.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Borenstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612-3805, USA.
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Galasko D, Salmon D, Gamst A, Olichney J, Thal LJ, Silbert L, Kaye J, Brooks P, Adonay R, Craig UK, Schellenberg G, Borenstein AR. Prevalence of dementia in Chamorros on Guam: Relationship to age, gender, education, and APOE. Neurology 2007; 68:1772-81. [PMID: 17515539 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000262028.16738.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of dementia and its clinical subtypes among Chamorros on Guam aged 65 years or older and to examine associations with age, gender, education, and APOE genotype. BACKGROUND Chamorros, the indigenous people of Guam, had a high incidence of ALS and parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC), in the 1950s. Over the next 50 years, ALS incidence declined markedly, but PDC only slightly. The prevalence of late life dementia in Chamorros and its relationship to ALS/PDC are unknown. METHODS Island-wide population-based survey of Chamorros aged 65 years or older as of January 1, 2003. Two-stage assessment: cognitive and motor screening, followed by neurologic and psychometric evaluation. Data were reviewed at consensus conference to make clinical diagnoses. RESULTS Of 2,789 Chamorros aged 65 years or older, 73% were enrolled; 27% declined participation, died before contact or screening, or moved off Guam. The point prevalence of all-cause dementia on February 1, 2004, was 12.2%. Prevalence data for subtypes were as follows: Guam dementia (clinically equivalent to AD), 8.8%; PDC, 1.5%; pure vascular dementia, 1.3%; other, 0.6%. The prevalence of dementia rose exponentially with age. Low education was significantly associated with dementia, but gender was not. There was a trend toward higher PDC prevalence among men. The APOE epsilon4 allele was not associated with dementia. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dementia among elderly Chamorros is relatively high. Guam dementia is the most common diagnosis and exceeds parkinsonism-dementia complex. Age and low education are strongly associated with dementia, but gender and APOE epsilon4 are not. Incidence studies will allow risk factors for dementia to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Cupidi C, Piccoli F, La Bella V. Acute reversible parkinsonism in a diabetic-uremic patient. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006; 108:601-3. [PMID: 15885881 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute movement disorders with basal ganglia lesions have been recently described in diabetic-uremic patients of Asian descent. The process is often reversible, with a favourable clinical outcome. Metabolic (i.e. uremic toxins) and microangiopathic changes have been suggested to be involved in its pathophysiology, even though racial and/or genetic factors might play a role too. In this report, we present a Caucasian diabetic patient with a long-lasting mild uremia in which acute parkinsonism occurred after a steep and unexpected increase of the serum creatinine. The follow-up demonstrated a significant improvement of the neurological signs and symptoms, the creatinine level lowered close to the premorbid levels, and after several months the patient had fully recovered. Our case history suggests that this unusual clinical syndrome is most probably not restricted to Asian patients. Because its potentially favourable outcome, it should be regularly included in the differential diagnosis of acute movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cupidi
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Palermo, via G La Loggia, 1-90129 Palermo, Italy
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Li Y, Tomiyama H, Sato K, Hatano Y, Yoshino H, Atsumi M, Kitaguchi M, Sasaki S, Kawaguchi S, Miyajima H, Toda T, Mizuno Y, Hattori N. Clinicogenetic study of PINK1 mutations in autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism. Neurology 2005; 64:1955-7. [PMID: 15955953 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000164009.36740.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors performed PINK1 mutation analysis of 51 families with autosomal recessive Parkinson disease (ARPD). They found two novel PINK1 mutations: one was a homozygous deletion (13516-18118del) and the other a homozygous missense mutation (C388R). Clinically, the patients with the deletion had dementia. Thus, early-onset PD with dementia may be considered PINK1-linked parkinsonism. Furthermore, patients with PINK1 mutations form 8.9% of parkin- and DJ-1-negative ARPD families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Khan NL, Horta W, Eunson L, Graham E, Johnson JO, Chang S, Davis M, Singleton A, Wood NW, Lees AJ. Parkin disease in a Brazilian kindred: Manifesting heterozygotes and clinical follow-up over 10 years. Mov Disord 2005; 20:479-484. [PMID: 15641013 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a large Brazilian kindred with young-onset parkinsonism due to either a homozygous or heterozygous mutation in parkin. A total of 6 members were affected: 5 were homozygous and 1 heterozygous for a deletion in exon 4. Two other heterozygotes also had extrapyramidal signs. All affected subjects showed characteristic features of parkin disease with foot dystonia and an excellent response to levodopa complicated by motor fluctuations and dyskinesia within 3 years of therapy. Careful clinical follow-up over 10 years showed the phenotype was similar in all the homozygotes with asymmetrical limb bradykinesia and early walking difficulties. Some acceleration of disability was observed in some of the cases as they entered the third decade of illness, but dementia was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed L Khan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wagner Horta
- Hospital Universitario Walter Cantidio, Neurology Service and Movement Disorders Department, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Louise Eunson
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Graham
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janel O Johnson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannon Chang
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Davis
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Lees
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- Reta Lila Weston Unit of Neurological Studies, Royal Free Hospital and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- H Deng
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Toft M, Aasly J, Bisceglio G, Adler CH, Uitti RJ, Krygowska-Wajs A, Lynch T, Wszolek ZK, Farrer MJ. Parkinsonism, FXTAS, and FMR1 premutations. Mov Disord 2005; 20:230-3. [PMID: 15390127 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of late-onset neurological symptoms in male carriers of premutation expansions of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene has been described recently. One of the clinical symptoms in this fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is parkinsonism. To test the possible association between expanded FMR1 alleles and Parkinson's disease (PD), we determined the size of the FMR1 CGG repeat in 414 male cases of clinically diagnosed parkinsonism, the majority of whom had PD. None of our patients had expanded FMR1 repeats within the premutation range (55-200 CGG repeats). Five patients (1.2%) carry intermediate-size alleles (41-54 CGG repeats). Expansions within the FMR1 gene are not associated with PD in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Toft
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Illarioshkin SN, Periquet M, Rawal N, Lücking CB, Zagorovskaya TB, Slominsky PA, Miloserdova OV, Markova ED, Limborska SA, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, Brice A. Mutation analysis of the parkin gene in Russian families with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2003; 18:914-9. [PMID: 12889082 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP) is a form of hereditary parkinsonism characterized by variable clinical presentations and caused by mutations in a novel gene, parkin, on chromosome 6q25.2-27. Until now, no Russian cases of parkin-associated AR-JP have been reported on. We recruited 16 patients from 11 Russian families with dopa-responsive movement disorders according to the following criteria: 1) family history compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance; 2) onset of symptoms at </=30 years of age; and 3) the lack of mutations in the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene (in sporadic cases). Mutation screening of the parkin gene was carried out by a semiquantitative PCR assay and direct sequencing of the coding region. Six different parkin mutations (both deletions and point mutations) were identified in the index cases from four families, including a novel point mutation in the donor splice site (IVS1+1G-->A). The majority of our parkin-associated cases were characterized by early-onset dopa-responsive parkinsonism with benign course and slow progression (5 patients from two families have been followed for as long as 18-36 years), and 1 patient had a phenotype of dopa-responsive dystonia. This first description of Russian patients with AR-JP and molecularly proven parkin mutations confirms the widespread occurrence of this polymorphic hereditary extrapyramidal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei N Illarioshkin
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Hernandez D, Hanson M, Singleton A, Gwinn-Hardy K, Freeman J, Ravina B, Doheny D, Gallardo M, Weiser R, Hardy J, Singleton A. Mutation at the SCA17 locus is not a common cause of parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003; 9:317-20. [PMID: 12853230 DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(03)00027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 17 is a dominant, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. The disease is caused by a triplet repeat expansion mutation within TATA-binding protein (TBP). Ataxia, dementia, parkinsonism and dystonia are common features. We have previously shown in several pedigrees that SCA-2 and SCA-3 can cause both parkinsonism and typical Parkinson's disease in the absence of prominent ataxia; a finding which has been confirmed by others. Given these previous findings and the description of parkinsonism as a common feature of SCA-17 we examined this locus in a series of probands from families with 2 or more members affected with parkinsonism (n=51) and a group of sporadic parkinsonism patients (n=59). We did not find any repeat sizes in the pathogenic range. The repeats we observed ranged from 29 to 41 (mean 36.8; median 37). We conclude that SCA-17 repeat expansion mutations are not a common cause of familial parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Kokubo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie-ken, Japan
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