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Portales AE, Mustafá ER, McCarthy CI, Cornejo MP, Couto PM, Gironacci MM, Caramelo JJ, Perelló M, Raingo J. ACE2 internalization induced by a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein is modulated by angiotensin II type 1 and bradykinin 2 receptors. Life Sci 2022; 293:120284. [PMID: 35038454 PMCID: PMC8758573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) recently identified as the membrane receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we aim to study whether two receptors from RAS, the angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) and the bradykinin 2 receptor (B2R) modulate ACE2 internalization induced by a recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Also, we investigated the impact of ACE2 coexpression on AT1R and B2R functionality. MATERIALS AND METHODS To study ACE2 internalization, we assessed the distribution of green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal in HEK293T cells coexpressing GFP-tagged ACE2 and AT1R, or B2R, or AT1R plus B2R in presence of RBD alone or in combination with AT1R or B2R ligands. To estimate ACE2 internalization, we classified GFP signal distribution as plasma membrane uniform GFP (PMU-GFP), plasma membrane clustered GFP (PMC-GFP) or internalized GFP and calculated its relative frequency. Additionally, we investigated the effect of ACE2 coexpression on AT1R and B2R inhibitory action on voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV2.2) currents by patch-clamp technique. KEY FINDINGS RBD induced ACE2-GFP internalization in a time-dependent manner. RBD-induced ACE2-GFP internalization was increased by angiotensin II and reduced by telmisartan in cells coexpressing AT1R. RBD-induced ACE2-GFP internalization was strongly inhibited by B2R co-expression. This effect was mildly modified by bradykinin and rescued by angiotensin II in presence of AT1R. ACE2 coexpression impacted on B2R- and AT1R-mediated inhibition of CaV2.2 currents. SIGNIFICANCE Our work contributes to understand the role of RAS modulators in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Estefanía Portales
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Calle 526 1499-1579, B1906APM Tolosa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio Román Mustafá
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Calle 526 1499-1579, B1906APM Tolosa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Inés McCarthy
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Calle 526 1499-1579, B1906APM Tolosa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Calle 526 1499-1579, B1906APM Tolosa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Monserrat Couto
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Mariela Mercedes Gironacci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB, UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Julio Javier Caramelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Calle 526 1499-1579, B1906APM Tolosa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Calle 526 1499-1579, B1906APM Tolosa, Buenos Aires, Argentina..
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Beske O, Guo J, Li J, Bassoni D, Bland K, Marciniak H, Zarowitz M, Temov V, Ravkin I, Goldbard S. A Novel Encoded Particle Technology that Enables Simultaneous Interrogation of Multiple Cell Types. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:173-85. [PMID: 15140379 DOI: 10.1177/1087057103260088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors have developed a cellular analysis platform, based on encoded microcarriers, that enables the multiplexed analysis of a diverse range of cellular assays. At the core of this technology are classes of microcarriers that have unique, identifiable codes that are deciphered using CCD-based imaging and subsequent image analysis. The platform is compatible with a wide variety of cellular imaging-based assays, including calcium flux, reporter gene activation, cytotoxicity, and proliferation. In addition, the platform is compatible with both colorimetric and fluorescent readouts. Notably, this technology has the unique ability to multiplex different cell lines in a single microplate well, enabling scientists to perform assays and data analysis in novel ways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carbachol/pharmacology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cells, Immobilized
- Cricetinae
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Kallidin/pharmacology
- Microscopy/instrumentation
- Microscopy/methods
- Molecular Biology/methods
- Particle Size
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/analysis
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/drug effects
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/analysis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, Muscarinic/analysis
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Muscarinic/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Toxicity Tests
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Beske
- Vitra Bioscience, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
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3
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Nokkari A, Mouhieddine TH, Itani MM, Abou-Kheir W, Daoud G, Zhu R, Meshref Y, Soueid J, Al Hariri M, Mondello S, Jaffa AA, Kobeissy F. Characterization of the Kallikrein-Kinin System Post Chemical Neuronal Injury: An In Vitro Biochemical and Neuroproteomics Assessment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128601. [PMID: 26047500 PMCID: PMC4457722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the result of a mechanical impact on the brain provoking mild, moderate or severe symptoms. It is acknowledged that TBI leads to apoptotic and necrotic cell death; however, the exact mechanism by which brain trauma leads to neural injury is not fully elucidated. Some studies have highlighted the pivotal role of the Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS) in brain trauma but the results are still controversial and inconclusive. In this study, we investigated both the expression and the role of Bradykinin 1 and 2 receptors (B1R and B2R), in mediating neuronal injury under chemical neurotoxicity paradigm in PC12 cell lines. The neuronal cell line PC12 was treated with the apoptotic drug Staurosporine (STS) to induce cell death. Intracellular calcium release was evaluated by Fluo 4-AM staining and showed that inhibition of the B2R prevented calcium release following STS treatment. Differential analyses utilizing immunofluorescence, Western blot and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction revealed an upregulation of both bradykinin receptors occurring at 3h and 12h post-STS treatment, but with a higher induction of B2R compared to B1R. This implies that STS-mediated apoptosis in PC12 cells is mainly conducted through B2R and partly via B1R. Finally, a neuroproteomics approach was conducted to find relevant proteins associated to STS and KKS in PC12 cells. Neuroproteomics results confirmed the presence of an inflammatory response leading to cell death during apoptosis-mediated STS treatment; however, a “survival” capacity was shown following inhibition of B2R coupled with STS treatment. Our data suggest that B2R is a key player in the inflammatory pathway following STS-mediated apoptosis in PC12 cells and its inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic tool in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaly Nokkari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (AN); (FK); (WAK)
| | - Tarek H. Mouhieddine
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (AN); (FK); (WAK)
| | - Georges Daoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yehia Meshref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jihane Soueid
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moustafa Al Hariri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ayad A. Jaffa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (AN); (FK); (WAK)
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Vieira MJ, Perosa SR, Argaãaraz GA, Silva JA, Cavalheiro EA, Graça Naffah-Mazzacoratti MD. Indomethacin can downregulate the levels of inflammatory mediators in the hippocampus of rats submitted to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:621-6. [PMID: 25318094 PMCID: PMC4192421 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(09)08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Refractory status epilepticus is one of the most life-threatening neurological emergencies and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Additionally, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs during this period is very controversial. Thus, this study has been designed to analyze the effect of a low dose of indomethacin (a COX inhibitor) on the expression of inflammatory molecules. METHOD The hippocampus of rats submitted to pilocarpine-induced long-lasting status epilepticus was analyzed to determine the expression of inflammatory molecules with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with controls, reduced levels of the kinin B2 receptors IL1β and TNFα were found in the hippocampus of rats submitted to long-lasting status epilepticus and treated with indomethacin. CONCLUSIONS These data show that low doses of indomethacin could be employed to minimize inflammation during long-lasting status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Juliane Vieira
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Perosa
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Argaãaraz
- Laboratório de Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Esper Abrão Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Koumbadinga GA, Désormeaux A, Adam A, Marceau F. Effect of interferon-γ on inflammatory cytokine-induced bradykinin B1 receptor expression in human vascular cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 647:117-25. [PMID: 20813106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the bradykinin B(1) receptor is strongly regulated in vascular tissue following injury, with little or no expression in healthy tissues. The present work aimed to verify whether primary human vascular cells (umbilical vein endothelial cells, umbilical artery smooth muscle cells) respond to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ by an upregulation of B(1) receptors and whether these pathways interact. B(1) receptor expression was quantified using a [(3)H]Lys-des-Arg(9)-bradykinin binding assay (cell surface protein) and RT-PCR (mRNA). A pharmacological approach exploiting several inhibitory drugs related to cytokine signaling was applied. The combined treatment with TNF-α and IFN-γ had a synergistic effect on B(1) receptor expression in both cell types, increasing primarily receptor abundance in both cell types (16 h) and mRNA concentration (4h) in endothelial cells. The synergistic effect of the IFN-γ-TNF-α combination was abated by drugs targeted at the signaling of either cytokine (for TNF-α: etanercept or the IκB kinase 2 inhibitor TPCA-1; for IFN-γ: neutralizing antibodies to IFN-γ, a pan-Jak inhibitor but not the Jak2 inhibitor AG490). Thus, Jak2 signaling may not be recruited by the IFN-γ receptors in vascular cells; however, Stat1 phosphorylation was correlated as expected to the effect of IFN-γ on B(1) receptor expression. Random migration was inhibited by the B(1) receptor agonist Lys-des-Arg(9)-bradykinin only in smooth muscle cells pretreated with the cytokine combination. The amplificatory effect of IFN-γ on TNF-α-induced bradykinin B(1) receptor expression is relevant to vasculopathies associated with T helper 1 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérémy Abdull Koumbadinga
- Centre de recherche en rhumatologie et immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
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6
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Bawolak MT, Gera L, Morissette G, Stewart JM, Marceau F. B-9972 (D-Arg-[Hyp3,Igl5,Oic7,Igl8]-bradykinin) Is an Inactivation-Resistant Agonist of the Bradykinin B2Receptor Derived from the Peptide Antagonist B-9430 (D-Arg-[Hyp3,Igl5,D-Igl7,Oic8]-bradykinin): Pharmacologic Profile and Effective Induction of Receptor Degradation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 323:534-46. [PMID: 17699739 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bradykinin B(2) receptor is a heptahelical receptor regulated by a cycle of phosphorylation, endocytosis, and extensive recycling at the cell surface following agonist stimulation. B-9430 (d-Arg-[Hyp(3),Igl(5),D-Igl(7),Oic(8)]-bradykinin) is a second generation peptide antagonist found to be competitive at the human B(2) receptor and insurmountable at the rabbit B(2) receptor (contractility assays, isolated human umbilical and rabbit jugular veins). Two isomers of this peptide were prepared: B-10344 (D-Arg-[Hyp(3),Igl(5),Oic(7),D-Igl(8)]-bradykinin; inverted sequence Oic(7), D-Igl(8)) and B-9972 (D-Arg-[Hyp(3),Igl(5),Oic(7),Igl(8)]-bradykinin); they are low- and high-potency agonists, respectively, in vascular preparations. The potency gap between bradykinin and B-9972 is narrow in contractility assays, despite the fact that B-9972 affinity is 7-fold inferior at the rabbit B(2) receptor (radioligand binding competition assay). The effects of agonists on receptors were compared using two chimerical constructions based on rabbit B(2) receptors: conjugate of the B(2) receptor with green fluorescent protein (B(2)R-GFP) and the N-terminally tagged conjugate of the myc epitope with the B(2) receptor. Imaging and immunoblotting showed that B-9972 induced a persistent endocytosis of cell surface B(2) receptors in human embryonic kidney 293 cells with slow receptor degradation (weak after 3 h of treatment, important at 12 h) and B(2)R-GFP desensitization ([(3)H]bradykinin endocytosis and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation assays). Bradykinin was not active in this respect but when combined with captopril, induced some degradation. B-9430 reduced the endocytosis and degradation of B(2) receptors by the agonists. The results illustrate the agonist-antagonist transition in B(2) receptor peptide ligands with a constrained C-terminal structure, the importance of species in their pharmacological profile, and the possibility of selectively degrading receptors using a peptidase-resistant agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Bawolak
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Singh P, Krishna A, Sridaran R. Localization of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone I, bradykinin and their receptors in the ovaries of non-mammalian vertebrates. Reproduction 2007; 133:969-81. [PMID: 17616726 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
GnRH I and its receptors have been demonstrated in the ovaries of various vertebrates, but their physiological significance in reproductive cascade is fragmentary. Bradykinin is a potent GnRH stimulator in the hypothalamus. In the present study, the presence of GnRH I and its receptor, and bradykinin and its receptor in the ovaries of non-mammalian vertebrates were investigated to understand their physiological significance. GnRH I immunoreactivity in the ovaries of fish, frog, reptile and bird were mainly found in the oocyte of early growing follicles and granulosa cells and theca cells of previtellogenic follicles. Vitellogenic follicles showed mild GnRH immunoreactivity. GnRH I-receptor and bradykinin were localized in the same cell types of the ovaries of these vertebrates. The presence of GnRH I, GnRH I-receptor and bradykinin in the ovaries of these vertebrates was confirmed by immunoblotting. The presence of GnRH I mRNA was demonstrated in the ovary of vertebrates using RT-PCR. The ovaries of reptiles and birds showed significantly higher intensity of immunoreactivity for GnRH I-receptor as compared with the fish and amphibian. This may have a correlation with the higher yolk content in the ovary of reptile and bird. These results suggest the possibility of GnRH I and bradykinin as important regulators of follicular development and vitellogenesis in the vertebrate ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmasana Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Aptecar E, Lecorvoisier P, Teiger E, Garot P, Dupouy P, Sediame S, Vermes E, Loisance D, Hittinger L, Dubois-Rande JL, Montagne O. Coronary vasomotor response to the selective B1-kinin-receptor agonist Des-Arg9-bradykinin in humans. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006; 25:187-94. [PMID: 16446219 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2005.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Revised: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of selective B1-receptor stimulation with des-Arg9-bradykinin on coronary vasomotion in transplanted and non-transplanted patients. BACKGROUND Bradykinin B1-receptors have been identified on endothelial and smooth muscle cells in human coronary arteries in vitro; however, their physiologic role in the coronary circulation is unknown. METHODS Twelve heart transplant patients were compared with 10 control subjects at 3.2 +/- 2.2 months after surgery. Coronary flow velocity was measured using guide-wire Doppler. The diameter of 3 epicardial segments of the left coronary artery and coronary blood flow were assessed at baseline, immediately after infusions of increasing doses of des-arginine(Arg9)-bradykinin at estimated coronary blood concentrations of 5.4 x 10(-9), 5.4 x 10(-8), 5.4 x 10(-7) and 1.6 x 10(-6) mol/liter, and of acetylcholine at 10(-8), 10(-7) and 10(-6) mol/liter). RESULTS Des-Arg9-bradykinin induced a similar decrease in all measured epicardial diameters in both groups and no change in coronary blood flow. Vasoconstriction was significant only at the 2 highest concentrations: -6 +/- 9% (p < 0.01) and -7 +/- 11% (p < 0.01) in control subjects, and -8 +/- 8% (p < 0.001) and -9 +/- 11% (p < 0.001) in heart transplant patients. Acetylcholine induced significant epicardial vasodilation in control subjects and vasoconstriction in transplant patients. The presence of allograft rejection did not modify the responses to des-Arg9-bradykinin with regard to both conductance and resistance vessels. CONCLUSIONS Kinin B1-receptors exist and can be stimulated in humans. The vasoconstrictive action on epicardial coronary arteries of des-Arg(9)-bradykinin in humans argues for a predominant action of B1-receptor stimulation at the level of smooth muscle cells.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Adult
- Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects
- Blood Flow Velocity/physiology
- Bradykinin/analogs & derivatives
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Coronary Angiography
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Female
- Heart Transplantation/physiology
- Hemodynamics/physiology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molsidomine/analogs & derivatives
- Molsidomine/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/chemistry
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/agonists
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/analysis
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/physiology
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/agonists
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/analysis
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/physiology
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Aptecar
- Fédération de Cardiologie-Hôpital Henri Mondor, INSERM-U400, Créteil, France.
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9
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Zelawski W, Machnik G, Nowaczyk G, Plewka D, Lorenc Z, Sosada K, Stadnicki A. Expression and localisation of kinin receptors in colorectal polyps. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:997-1002. [PMID: 16644486 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Kinins increase vascular permeability as well as mitogenesis and proliferation, hence they have a potential to promote neoplasmatic transformation. In the present study we investigated the expression profile and localization of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in colorectal polyps. The biopsy samples from various polyps were obtained during endoscopy in tubular (n=18), villous (n=15) and hyperplasic polyps (n=15). The expression of genes encoding B1 and B2 was estimated by QRT-PCR TaqMan analysis. In second series B1 and B2 receptors were visualized by immunohistochemical staining in tissue specimens from colonic polyps and adjacent normal tissue. We found the highest expression of gene encoding B1 in tubular adenomas (1891 number of copies mRNA/microg total RNA+/-312 SE) which is significantly higher as compared with controls (683+/-197 SE, p<0.013). In contrast, the expression of gene for B2 was significantly increased in hyperplastic polyps (3852+/-936 SE) as compared with controls (843+/-263 SE, p<0.0016). In normal colon a well as in hyperplasic polyps B1 and B2 receptors were immunohistochemically localized in enterocytes, however in hyperplastic polyps the intensity of staining was more prominent for B2 comparing to the control group. In contrast, in tubular adenomas staining reaction for B1 was more intense than in control samples. Increased level of B1 in adenoma suggests that kinins may play a role in abnormal cellular transformation; whereas higher B2 level in hyperplasic polyp suggests its protective role. Our data may indicate that the overall effect of kinins on cellular proliferation depends on the relative level of B1 and B2 receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zelawski
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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Lee DK, Lança AJ, Cheng R, Nguyen T, Ji XD, Gobeil F, Chemtob S, George SR, O'Dowd BF. Agonist-independent nuclear localization of the Apelin, angiotensin AT1, and bradykinin B2 receptors. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:7901-8. [PMID: 14645236 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m306377200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling of the apelin, angiotensin, and bradykinin peptides is mediated by G protein-coupled receptors related through structure and similarities of physiological function. We report nuclear expression as a characteristic of these receptors, including a nuclear localization for the apelin receptor in brain and cerebellum-derived D283 Med cells and the AT(1) and bradykinin B(2) receptors in HEK-293T cells. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the apelin receptor with localization in neuronal nuclei in cerebellum and hypothalamus, exhibiting expression in neuronal cytoplasm or in both nuclei and cytoplasm. Confocal microscopy of HEK-293T cells revealed the majority of transfected cells displayed constitutive nuclear localization of AT(1) and B(2) receptors, whereas apelin receptors did not show nuclear localization in these cells. The majority of apelin receptor-transfected cerebellum D283 Med cells showed receptor nuclear expression. Immunoblot analyses of subcellular-fractionated D283 Med cells demonstrated endogenous apelin receptor species in nuclear fractions. In addition, an identified nuclear localization signal motif in the third intracellular loop of the apelin receptor was disrupted by a substituted glutamine in place of lysine. This apelin receptor (K242Q) did not exhibit nuclear localization in D283 Med cells. These results demonstrate the following: (i) the apelin receptor exhibits nuclear localization in human brain; (ii) distinct cell-dependent mechanisms for the nuclear transport of apelin, AT(1), and B(2) receptors; and (iii) the disruption of a nuclear localization signal sequence disrupts the nuclear translocation of the apelin receptor. This discovery of apelin, AT(1), and B(2) receptors with agonist-independent nuclear translocation suggests major unanticipated roles for these receptors in cell signaling and function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apelin Receptors
- Brain/ultrastructure
- COS Cells
- Cell Fractionation
- Cell Line
- Cell Nucleus/chemistry
- Cerebellum/ultrastructure
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cytoplasm/chemistry
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Gene Expression
- Green Fluorescent Proteins
- Humans
- Hypothalamus/ultrastructure
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neurons/ultrastructure
- Protein Sorting Signals
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/analysis
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/analysis
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/analysis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, USA
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