Isosteres of natural phosphates. 4. The synthesis of phosphonic acid analogues of phosphatidic acid and acyldihydroxy acetone phosphate

The chemical synthesis of 3,4-diacyloxybutyl-1-phosphonic acids having palmitoyl and oleoyl groups is described. These were prepared by reaction of the appropriate 3,4-diacyloxybutyl-1-bromide with tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite followed by mild hydrolysis of the trimethyl-silyl groups from the phosphonic acid. Also reported is the preparation of 4-palmitoyl-3-oxobutyl-1-phosphonic acid by the acylation of 4-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl-1-phosphonic acid. This latter compound is an isosteric analogue of acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate.

1-Halo analogs of dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate. The effects of the fluoro analog on cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase

Fluoro-o-hydorxyacetone phosphate (fluoroacetol phosphate) has been prepared by oxidation of 1-fluoro-3-chloro-2-propanol to 1-fluoro-3-chloroacetone, phosphorylation with silver dibenzylphosphate, and the intermediate isolation of 1-fluoro-3-hydroxyacetone phosphate dibenzyl ester, followed by catalytic hydrogenation and preparation of the stable monosodium salt. The chloro analog as the pure, stable monosodium salt has been prepared by a similar route from 1,3-dichloroacetone. 1-Fluoro-3-hydroxyacetone-P is substrate for cytosolic NAD+-linked glycerol-3-P dehydrogenese (EC 1.1.1.8) from rabbit skeletal muscle with an apparent Km of 50 mM under conditions in which dihydroxyacetone-P exhibits an apparent Km of 0.15 mM. Under these conditions the fluoro analog is 85% hydrated wheras dihydroxyacetone-P has been shown by others to be 44% hydrated. The turnover numbers are 49,000 molecules of NADH oxidized per minute per molecule of enzyme at 25 degrees with the fluoro analog as substrate, and 60,000 with dihydrocyacetone-P as substrate. The product of the reduction of the fluoro analog has been identified as 1-fluorodeoxyglycerol-3-P. 1-Fluoro-3-hydroxyacetone-P is comparatively weak irreversible inhibitor at 4 degrees of rabbit muscle triosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1) with second-order rate constant of 2.6 M minus 1 sec minus 1. Inhibition by pyrazole in vivo of alcohol dehydrogenese catalyzed oxidation of 1-fluorodeoxyglecerol-3-P indicates in mice the reduction of 1-fluoro-3-hydroxyacetone-P to -l-1-fluorodexoxyglycerol-3-P is not significant metabolic route, or that an alternative route exists when the alcohol dehydrogenase dependent pathway is inhibited.