51
|
Pavlidis ET, Galanis IN, Pavlidis TE. Update on current diagnosis and management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:570-583. [PMID: 38179406 PMCID: PMC10762533 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] [Imported: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma has a favorable prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of over 95%. However, the undifferentiated or anaplastic type accounting for < 0.2%, usually in elderly individuals, exhibits a dismal prognosis with rapid growth and disappointing outcomes. It is the most aggressive form of thyroid carcinoma, with a median survival of 5 mo and poor quality of life (airway obstruction, dysphagia, hoarseness, persistent pain). Early diagnosis and staging are crucial. Diagnostic tools include biopsy (fine needle aspiration, core needle, open surgery), high-resolution ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, [(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomo-graphy/computed tomography, liquid biopsy and microRNAs. The BRAF gene (BRAF-V600E and BRAF wild type) is the most often found molecular factor. Others include the genes RET, KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS. Recent management policy is based on surgery, even debulking, chemotherapy (cisplatin or doxorubicin), radiotherapy (adjuvant or definitive), targeted biological agents and immunotherapy. The last two options constitute novel hopeful management modalities improving the overall survival in these otherwise condemned patients. Anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody immunotherapy, stem cell targeted therapies, nanotechnology achievements and artificial intelligence imple-mentation provide novel promising alternatives. Genetic mutations determine molecular pathways, thus indicating novel treatment strategies such as anti-BRAF, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor. Treatment with the combination of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in cases with BRAF-V600E gene mutations and is currently the standard care. This neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery ensures a two-year overall survival of 80%. Prognostic factors for improved outcomes have been found to be younger age, earlier tumor stage and radiation therapy. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary, and the therapeutic plan should be individualized based on surveillance and epidemiology end results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Galanis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theodoros E Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhang HL, Sandai D, Zhang ZW, Song ZJ, Babu D, Tabana Y, Dahham SS, Adam Ahmed Adam M, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang HL, Zhao R, Barakat K, Harun MSR, Shapudin SNM, Lok B. Adenosine triphosphate induced cell death: Mechanisms and implications in cancer biology and therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:549-569. [PMID: 38179405 PMCID: PMC10762532 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] [Imported: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced cell death (AICD) is a critical cellular process that has garnered substantial scientific interest for its profound relevance to cancer biology and to therapeutic interventions. This comprehensive review unveils the intricate web of AICD mechanisms and their intricate connections with cancer biology. This review offers a comprehensive framework for comprehending the multifaceted role of AICD in the context of cancer. This is achieved by elucidating the dynamic interplay between systemic and cellular ATP homeostasis, deciphering the intricate mechanisms governing AICD, elucidating its intricate involvement in cancer signaling pathways, and scrutinizing validated key genes. Moreover, the exploration of AICD as a potential avenue for cancer treatment underscores its essential role in shaping the future landscape of cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Zhong-Wen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sabbar Saad Dahham
- Department of Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences Rustaq, Rustaq 10 P.C. 329, Oman
| | - Mowaffaq Adam Ahmed Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Pathology Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Rui Zhao
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mohammad Syamsul Reza Harun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurfatimah Mohd Shapudin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Bronwyn Lok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Yamamoto K, Takada Y, Kobayashi T, Ito R, Ikeda Y, Ota S, Adachi K, Shimada Y, Hayashi M, Itani T, Asai S, Nakamura K. Rapid transformation of branched pancreatic duct-derived intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm into an invasive carcinoma: A case report. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:620-627. [PMID: 38179403 PMCID: PMC10762528 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] [Imported: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) is a rare disease accounting for approximately 3% of all intraductal pancreatic tumors, with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) being one of the most common differential diagnoses. Both ITPN and IPMN display slow growth. A branched pancreatic duct type is commonly observed in IPMN, whereas ITPN derived from the branched pancreatic duct has been reported in a limited number of cases; hence, its pathogenesis remains unclear. CASE SUMMARY Here, we present the case of a patient with ITPN localized in a branched pancreatic duct, with poorly controlled irritable bowel syndrome. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen incidentally revealed a 5-mm oligemic nodule-like change in the body of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) indicated a 10-mm hypoechoic mass without any cystic structures that had grown within 2 mo. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration was performed for definitive diagnosis, and the findings suggested ductal papillary carcinoma. Distal pancreatectomy was performed, and the tumor was pathologically diagnosed as ITPN with an invasive cancerous component, pT3N1aM0, pStage IIB (International Cancer Control, 8th edition). The patient underwent treatment with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (S-1 monotherapy); however, relapse was observed 1 year and 10 mo after surgical resection, and subsequent treatment involving a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy was administered. Maintenance therapy has since facilitated a stable disease state. CONCLUSION Regardless of the microscopic size of the neoplasm, early diagnosis of ITPN with EUS-guided fine needle aspiration and surgical resection are crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shogo Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kanna Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukari Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Motohito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshinao Itani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Asai
- Department of Pathology, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Gastroenterological Surgery, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe 651-2273, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wang N, Chen FL, Pan L, Teng Y, Wei XJ, Guo HG, Jiang XM, Huang L, Liu SC, Liang ZL, Li WY. Clinical outcomes of newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma treated with zanubrutinib-based combination therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:606-619. [PMID: 38179402 PMCID: PMC10762531 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] [Imported: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) combined with other chemotherapeutic agents is an effective treatment for patients with newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL); however, some patients have adverse reactions. AIM To retrospectively evaluate disease outcomes and mutational profiles in newly diagnosed PCNSL patients treated with a zanubrutinib/HD-MTX combination regimen. METHODS Nineteen newly diagnosed PCNSL patients were treated with zanubrutinib/HD-MTX until disease progression, intolerable toxicities, or physician/patient-directed withdrawal. Safety and efficacy were assessed per the CTCAE v5.0 and RECIST v1.1 criteria, respectively. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 14.7 mo (range, 3.9-30 mo). The ORR for all patients was 84.2%, and 2-year progression-free- and OS rates were 75.6% and 94.1%, respectively. All patients completed the induction phase, and nine patients underwent autologous stem cell transplantation as consolidation therapy, resulting in an ORR of 88.9%. Ten patients received zanubrutinib as maintenance therapy and achieved an ORR of 80%. All patients showed an acceptable safety profile. The sequencing results for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and tumor tissue showed that PIM1 mutations were the most frequent genetic alterations. Circulating tumor DNA was correlated with disease relapse and response. CONCLUSION Our empirical observations demonstrated that the combination of zanubrutinib with HD-MTX yielded a marked clinical response and tolerability among newly diagnosed PCNSL patients. Non-invasive CSF liquid biopsy profiling may be feasible for evaluating treatment response and tumor burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei-Li Chen
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu Pan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Teng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Han-Guo Guo
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Miao Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Chu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhan-Li Liang
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Yu Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chua JYJ, Ngu JCY, Teo NZ. Current perspectives on the management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:584-592. [PMID: 38179407 PMCID: PMC10762530 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] [Imported: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant controversies exist with regards to the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases (mLLN) in patients with low rectal cancer. The differing views held by Japanese and Western clinicians on the management of mLLN have been well documented. However, the adequacy of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) or neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) alone in addition to total mesorectal excision (TME) have recently come into question, due to the relatively high incidence of lateral local recurrences following PLND and TME, or NACRT and TME alone. Recently, a more selective approach to PLND has been suggested, involving a combination of neoadjuvant therapy, followed by PLND only to patients in whom the oncological benefit is likely to outweigh the risk of potential adverse events. A number of studies have attempted to retrospectively identify certain nodal characteristics on preoperative imaging, such as nodal size, appearance, and size reduction following neoadjuvant therapy. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal criteria for a selective approach to PLND, partly due to the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of most of these studies. This review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence with regards to the diagnostic challenges, considerations for, and outcomes of the current management strategies for mLLN in rectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yu Jin Chua
- Department of General Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - James Chi Yong Ngu
- Department of General Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Nan Zun Teo
- Department of General Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Meng FD, Yuan L, Lu DD, Yang YT, Xu DJ, Che MY, Nan Y. Anti-tumor effect of coix seed based on the theory of medicinal and food homology. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:593-605. [PMID: 38179404 PMCID: PMC10762529 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] [Imported: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coix seed is a dry and mature seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen (Roman.) Stapf in the Gramineae family. Coix seed has a sweet, light taste, and a cool nature. Coix seed enters the spleen, stomach, and lung meridians. It has the effects of promoting diuresis and dampness, strengthening the spleen to prevent diarrhea, removing arthralgia, expelling pus, and detoxifying and dispersing nodules. It is used for the treatment of edema, athlete's foot, poor urination, spleen deficiency and diarrhea, dampness and obstruction, lung carbuncle, intestinal carbuncle, verruca, and cancer. The medicinal and health value is high, and it has been included in the list of medicinal and food sources in China, which has a large development and application space. This article reviews the current research achievements in the processing methods and anti-tumor activities of Coix seed and provides examples of its clinical application in ancient and modern times, aiming to provide reference for further research on Coix seed and contribute to its clinical application and development. Through the analysis of the traditional Chinese patent medicines, and simple preparations and related health food of Coix seed queried by Yaozhi.com, the source, function, and dosage form of Coix seed were comprehensively analyzed, with a view of providing a reference for the development of Coix seed medicine and food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Di Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dou-Dou Lu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Duo-Jie Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meng-Ying Che
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Chen YR, Xu ZX, Jiang LX, Dong ZW, Yu PF, Zhang Z, Gu GL. Analysis of clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of breast cancer brain metastasis. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:445-458. [PMID: 38059189 PMCID: PMC10696216 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] [Imported: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) has become the most common malignancy in women. The incidence and detection rates of BC brain metastasis (BCBM) have increased with the progress of imaging, multidisciplinary treatment techniques and the extension of survival time of BC patients. BM seriously affects the quality of life and sur-vival prognosis of BC patients. Therefore, clinical research on the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of BCBM is valuable. By analyzing the clinicopathological parameters of BCBM patients, and assessing the risk factors and prognostic indicators, we can perform hierarchical diagnosis and treatment on the high-risk population of BCBM, and achieve clinical benefits of early diagnosis and treatment. AIM To explore the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of BCBM, and provide references for diagnosis, treatment and management of BCBM. METHODS The clinicopathological data of 68 BCBM patients admitted to the Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (formerly Air Force General Hospital) from 2000 to 2022 were collected. Another 136 BC patients without BM were matched at a ratio of 1:2 based on the age and site of onset for retrospective analysis. Categorical data were subjected to χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability test, and the variables with P < 0.05 in the univariate Cox proportional hazards model were incorporated into the multivariate model to identify high-risk factors and independent prognostic factors of BCBM, with a hazard ratio (HR) > 1 suggesting poor prognostic factors. The survival time of patients was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and overall survival was compared between groups by log-rank test. RESULTS Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients with stage III/IV tumor at initial diagnosis [HR: 5.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99-15.68], lung metastasis (HR: 24.18, 95%CI: 6.40-91.43), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing BC and triple-negative BC were more prone to BM. As can be seen from the prognostic data, 52 of the 68 BCBM patients had died by the end of follow-up, and the median time from diagnosis of BC to the occurrence of BM and from the occurrence of BM to death or last follow-up was 33.5 and 14 mo, respectively. It was confirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis that patients with neurological symptoms (HR: 1.923, 95%CI: 1.005-3.680), with bone metastasis (HR: 2.011, 95%CI: 1.056-3.831), and BM of HER2-overexpressing and triple-negative BC had shorter survival time. CONCLUSION HER2-overexpressing, triple-negative BC, late tumor stage and lung metastasis are risk factors of BM. The presence of neurological symptoms, bone metastasis, and molecular type are influencing prognosis factors of BCBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Clinical College, China Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zu-Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Clinical College (Air Force Clinical College) of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Li-Xin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Clinical College, China Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Clinical College of China Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Clinical College of China Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Clinical College of China Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Guo-Li Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Clinical College (Air Force Clinical College) of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Clinical College of China Medical University, Beijing 100142, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Sakamoto A, Noguchi T, Matsuda S. System describing surgical field extension associated with flap reconstruction after resection of a superficial malignant soft tissue tumor. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:471-478. [PMID: 38059186 PMCID: PMC10696220 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] [Imported: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flap reconstruction after resection of a superficial malignant soft tissue tumor extends the surgical field and is an indicator for potential recurrence sites. AIM To describe a grading system for surgical field extension of soft tissue sarcomas. METHODS Grading system: CD-grading is a description system consisting of C and D values in the surgical field extension, which are related to the compartmental position of the flap beyond the nearby large joint and deeper extension for the pedicle, respectively. C1/D1 are positive values and C0/D0 are negative. With a known location, 1/0 values can be "p" (proximal), "d" (distal), and "b" (in the tumor bed), and the description method is as follows: flap type, CxDx [x = 0, 1, p, d or b]. RESULTS Four representative patients with subcutaneous sarcomas who underwent reconstruction using fasciocutaneous flaps are presented. The cases involved a distal upper arm (elbow) synovial sarcoma reconstructed using a pedicled latissimus dorsi (pedicled flap: CpDp); a distal upper arm (elbow) pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma reconstructed using a transpositional flap from the forearm (transpositional flap: CdD0); an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in the buttocks reconstructed using a transpositional flap (transpositional flap: C0D0); and a myxofibrosarcoma in the buttocks reconstructed using a propeller flap from the thigh (pedicled flap: CdDd). CONCLUSION The reconstruction method is chosen by the surgeon based on size, location, and other tumor characteristics; however, the final surgical field cannot be determined based on preoperative images alone. CD-grading is a description system consisting of C and D values in the surgical field extension that are related to the compartmental position of the flap beyond the nearby large joint and deeper extension for the pedicle, respectively. The CD-grading system gives a new perspective to the flap reconstruction classification. The CD-grading system also provides important information for follow-up imaging of a possible recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Sakamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Zhang ZH, Bao YW, Zhao YJ, Wang JQ, Guo JT, Sun SY. Circulating tumor cells as potential prognostic biomarkers for early-stage pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:504-517. [PMID: 38059182 PMCID: PMC10696218 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] [Imported: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is difficult to be diagnosed early clinically, while often leads to poor prognosis. If optimal personalized treatment plan can be provided to pancreatic cancer patient at an earlier stage, this can greatly improve overall survival (OS). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a collective term for various types of tumor cells present in the peripheral blood (PB), which are formed by detachment during the development of solid tumor lesions. Most CTCs undergo apoptosis or are phagocytosed after entering the PB, whereas a few can escape and anchor at distal sites to develop metastasis, increasing the risk of death for patients with malignant tumors. AIM To investigate the significance of CTCs in predicting the prognosis of early pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, and ChinaInfo databases were searched for articles published through December 2022. Studies were considered qualified if they included patients with early pancreatic cancer, analyzed the prognostic value of CTCs, and were full papers reported in English or Chinese. Researches were selected and assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria. We used a funnel plot to assess publication bias. RESULTS From 1595 publications, we identified eight eligible studies that collectively enrolled 355 patients with pancreatic cancer. Among these original studies, two were carried out in China; three in the United States; and one each in Italy, Spain, and Norway. All eight studies analyzed the relevance between CTCs and the prognosis of patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer after surgery. A meta-analysis showed that the patients that were positive pre-treatment or post-treatment for CTCs were associated with decreased OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.197-3.126, P = 0.007] and decreased relapse-free/disease-free/progression-free survival (HR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.137-1.419, P < 0.001) in early-stage pancreatic cancer. Additionally, the results suggest no statistically noticeable publication bias for overall, disease-free, progression-free, and recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION This pooled meta-analysis shows that CTCs, as biomarkers, can afford reliable prognostic information for patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer and help develop individualized treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Wen Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jian-Quan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin-Tao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Wang SL, Zhuo GZ, Wang LP, Jiang XH, Liu GH, Pan YB, Li YR. Computational exploration of the significance of COPS6 in cancer: Functional and clinical relevance across tumor types. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:479-503. [PMID: 38059183 PMCID: PMC10696221 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] [Imported: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (COPS6) has been implicated in cancer progression, while its precise role in most types of cancer remains elusive. AIM To investigate the functional and clinical relevance of COPS6 across various tumor types using publicly available databases. METHODS We used R software and online analysis databases to analyze the differential expression, prognosis, mutation and related functions of COPS6 in pan-cancer. RESULTS Differential expression analysis and survival analysis demonstrated that COPS6 was highly expressed and associated with high-risk profiles in the majority of cancer types. Possible associations between COPS6 expression level and prognostic outcomes were found using data from public databases. Mutational analysis revealed that missense mutations were the predominant type of COPS6 mutation. Additionally, positive correlations were identified between COPS6 expression level and tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability in most types of cancer. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between COPS6 expression level and CD8+ T cell infiltration in certain types of cancer. The correlation between COPS6 expression level and cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration exhibited heterogeneity, in which a positive correlation was found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and tenosynovial giant cell tumor, and a negative correlation was identified in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and thymoma. The correlation between COPS6 expression level and macrophage infiltration was closely related to macrophage type. Gene co-expression and enrichment analysis highlighted transcription elongation factor B polypeptide 2 and G protein pathway suppressor 1 were significantly and positively associated with COPS6 expression level. These genes were predominantly involved in processes, such as ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study systematically explored the significance of COPS6 across different tumor types, providing a solid foundation for considering COPS6 as a novel biomarker in cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guang-Zheng Zhuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang-Hu Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guo-Hong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yun-Bao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Bhanderi H, Khalid F, Bodla ZH, Muhammad T, Du D, Meghal T. Autoimmune diabetes from pembrolizumab: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:535-543. [PMID: 38059185 PMCID: PMC10696214 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] [Imported: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy, specifically the use of checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, has become an important tool in personalized cancer therapy. These inhibitors target proteins on T-cells that regulate the immune response against tumor cells. Pembrolizumab, which targets the programmed cell death 1 receptor on T-cells, has been approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. However, it can also lead to immune-related side effects, including pneumonitis, colitis, thyroid abnormalities, and rare cases of type 1 diabetes. CASE SUMMARY The case presented involves an adult patient in 30s with breast cancer who developed hyperglycemia after receiving pembrolizumab treatment. The patient was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis and further investigations were performed to evaluate for new-onset type 1 diabetes. The patient had a history of hypothyroidism and a family history of breast cancer. Treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis was initiated, and the patient was discharged for close follow-up with an endocrinologist. CONCLUSION This literature review highlights the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis and new-onset type 1 diabetes in patients receiving pembrolizumab treatment for different types of cancer. Overall, the article emphasizes the therapeutic benefits of immunotherapy in cancer treatment, particularly pembrolizumab, while also highlighting the potential side effect of immune-related diabetes that can occur in a small percentage of patients. Here we present a case where pembrolizumab lead to development of diabetes after a few cycles highlighting one of the rare yet a serious toxicity of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardikkumar Bhanderi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long branch, NJ 07740, United States
| | - Farhan Khalid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long branch, NJ 07740, United States
| | - Zubair Hassan Bodla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32303, United States
| | - Tayyeb Muhammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long branch, NJ 07740, United States
| | - Doantrang Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long branch, NJ 07740, United States
| | - Trishala Meghal
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, United States
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhang YZ, Li MZ, Wang GX, Wang DW. Bibliometric analysis of the global research status and trends of mechanotransduction in cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:518-534. [PMID: 38059188 PMCID: PMC10696219 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] [Imported: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of cancer is thought to involve the dynamic crosstalk between the tumor cells and the microenvironment they inhabit. Such crosstalk is thought to involve mechanotransduction, a process whereby the cells sense mechanical cues such as stiffness, and translate these into biochemical signals, which have an impact on the subsequent cellular activities. Bibliometric analysis is a statistical method that involves investigating different aspects (including authors' names and affiliations, article keywords, journals and citations) of large volumes of literature. Despite an increase in mechanotransduction-related research in recent years, there are currently no bibliometric studies that describe the global status and trends of mechanotransduction-related research in the cancer field. AIM To investigate the global research status and trends of mechanotransduction in cancer from a bibliometric viewpoint. METHODS Literature on mechanotransduction in cancer published from January 1, 1900 to December 31, 2022 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Excel and GraphPad software carried out the statistical analysis of the relevant author, journal, organization, and country information. The co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword burst analysis were visualized with VOSviewer and CiteSpace. RESULTS Of 597 publications from 745 institutions in 45 countries were published in 268 journals with 35510 citation times. With 270 articles, the United States is a well-established global leader in this field, and the University of California system, the most productive (n = 36) and influential institution (n = 4705 citations), is the most highly active in collaborating with other organizations. Cancers was the most frequent publisher with the highest H-index. The most productive researcher was Valerie M. Weaver, with 10 publications. The combined analysis of concurrent and burst keywords revealed that the future research hotspots of mechanotransduction in cancer were related to the plasma membrane, autophagy, piezo1/2, heterogeneity, cancer diagnosis, and post-transcriptional modifications. CONCLUSION Mechanotransduction-related cancer research remains a hot topic. The United States is in the leading position of global research on mechano-oncology after almost 30 years of investigations. Research group cooperations exist but remain largely domestic, lacking cross-national communications. The next big topic in this field is to explore how the plasma membrane and its localized mechanosensor can transduce mechanical force through post-transcriptional modifications and thereby participate in cellular activity regulations and cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guang-Xin Wang
- Shandong Innovation Center of Intelligent Diagnosis, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yue ZQ, Zhang P, Yan S, Ju LL, Wang HX, Yuan LX, Chen L, Wu JZ, Cao YL. Clinical study of standard residual liver volume and transient elastography in predicting poor prognosis of patients after hemihepatectomy. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:459-470. [PMID: 38059184 PMCID: PMC10696215 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] [Imported: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer resection, especially in patients with hemihepatectomy or extended hemihepatectomy, often leads to poor prognosis, such as liver insufficiency and even liver failure and death, because the standard residual liver volume (SRLV) cannot be fully compensated after surgery. AIM To explore the risk factors of poor prognosis after hemihepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma and evaluate the application value of related prognostic approaches. METHODS The clinical data of 35 patients with primary liver cancer in Nantong Third People's Hospital from February 2016 to July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was created using medcac19.0.4 to compare the critical values of the SRLV in different stages of liver fibrosis after hemihepatectomy with those of liver dysfunction after hemihepatectomy. It was constructed by combining the Child-Pugh score to evaluate its application value in predicting liver function compensation. RESULTS The liver stiffness measure (LSM) value and SRLV were associated with liver dysfunction after hemihepatectomy. Logistic regression analysis showed that an LSM value ≥ 25 kPa [odds ratio (OR) = 6.254, P < 0.05] and SRLV ≤ 0.290 L/m2 (OR = 5.686, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for postoperative liver dysfunction. The accuracy of the new liver reserve evaluation model for predicting postoperative liver function was higher than that of the Child-Pugh score (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SRLV and LSM values can be used to evaluate the safety of hemihepatectomy. The new liver reserve evaluation model has good application potential in the evaluation of liver reserve function after hemihepatectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Yue
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Ling Ju
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Xuan Wang
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liu-Xia Yuan
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Zhu Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Li Cao
- Preventive Health Department, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Prakash A, Khalid F, Alalwan A, Bader H, Du D, Meghal T. Calcitriol induced hypercalcemia - a rare phenomenon in lung cancer: A case report. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:544-548. [PMID: 38059187 PMCID: PMC10696217 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] [Imported: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitriol-induced hypercalcemia has been rarely reported in cases of lung cancer; however, it is frequently reported in cases of lymphoid malignancy and granulomatous disease. We present a rare case of hypercalcemia associated with squamous cell cancer of the lung with elevated calcitriol level. CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old Caucasian female with severe hypercalcemia of 15 mg/dL, which led to a new diagnosis of metastatic lung cancer. Since the parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) level was minimally elevated at 2.1 pmol/L, we believe excessive calcitriol production by tumor cells was the underlying mechanism for hypercalcemia. Calcitriol was significantly elevated at 130 pg/mL with a low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 25.9 ng/mL and suppressed PTH level of 8 pg/mL. Corticosteroids are generally used to treat calcitriol-induced hypercalcemia, but we successfully treated our patient with bisphosphonate, highlighting the further utility of bisphosphonates in hypercalcemia treatment. CONCLUSION We believe that the underlying cause of hypercalcemia, in this case of metastatic squamous cell lung carcinoma, was elevated calcitriol, which was likely produced by the tumor cells. In addition to PTHrP, calcitriol levels should be included in the workup for hypercalcemia in cases of lung cancer. However, the pathophysiology and prognostic significance of dysregulated calcitriol production in solid tumors remain unclear and warrant further research. Bisphosphonate may be used as a steroid-sparing therapy even in cases of calcitriol-induced hypercalcemia and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haywood Regional Medical Center, Clyde, NC 28721, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, United States
| | - Farhan Khalid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, United States
| | - Ahmad Alalwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, United States
| | - Husam Bader
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, United States
| | - Doantrang Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, United States
| | - Trishala Meghal
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, United States
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Li Q, Yin LK. Comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis related genes and prognosis of gastric cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:373-399. [PMID: 37970110 PMCID: PMC10631345 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i10.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] [Imported: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. Disulfidptosis is a new programmed cell death mechanism, although its specific mechanism in GC is incompletely understood. AIM In this study, we used bioinformatics analysis to explore a disulfidptosis-based predictive model related to GC prognosis and to identify potential therapeutic targets and sensitive drugs for GC. METHODS We extracted GC-related data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. R software (version 4.2.1) was used for correlation analysis. RESULTS Through the above analysis, we found that the disulfidptosis related gene may be related to the prognosis of GC. Six genes, namely, PLS3, GRP, APOD, SGCE, COL8A1, and VAMP7, were found to constitute a predictive model for GC prognosis. APOD is a potential therapeutic target for treating GC. Bosutinib and other drugs are sensitive for the treatment of GC. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that disulfidptosis is related to the prognosis and treatment of GC, while APOD represents a potential therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Oncology, Fushun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zigong 643200, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Long-Kuan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fushun People’s Hospital, Zigong 643200, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Thorat S, Shaji FM. Splenic lymphangioma masquerading as splenic abscess managed by laparoscopic splenectomy: A case report. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:440-444. [PMID: 37970112 PMCID: PMC10631350 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i10.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] [Imported: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary benign splenic tumours are unique and account for < 0.007% of all tumours identified during surgery and autopsy. Splenic lymphangiomas are rarely seen in adults. Splenic lymphangiomas may be asymptomatic, or may present with upper left abdominal pain, splenomegaly, hypersplenism, or splenic rupture with haemorrhagic shock. The clinical and radiological features of these lesions are not specific. This case report serves to remind the clinician to consider the rare but important differential diagnosis of splenic lymphangioma while treating splenic lesions. CASE SUMMARY We report a case of splenic lymphangioma in a 22-year-old woman who presented with left upper quadrant abdominal pain for three months. Initial investigations were unremarkable; however, computed tomography later revealed multiple splenic micro-abscesses. The patient underwent laparoscopic splenectomy, and histopathological examination revealed splenic lymphangioma. The patient was discharged on postoperative day three. One month after surgery, the abdominal pain resolved completely, with no new complaints. Splenic lymphangiomas present clinically as splenomegaly or left upper quadrant abdominal pain; prompt intervention is necessary for avoiding complications. CONCLUSION This case report concludes that splenic lymphangiomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of splenomegaly or left upper quadrant pain, even in adults, because they are amenable to curative treatment. Delays in surgical intervention may lead to severe complications, such as infection, rupture, and hemorrhage. Such lesions can be safely managed with laparoscopy, involving less postoperative pain and early patient discharge with excellent cosmetic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Thorat
- Department of General Surgery, Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation's Postgraduate Institute and Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Febin Mohammed Shaji
- Department of General Surgery, Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation's Postgraduate Institute and Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
González-Montero J, Burotto M, Valenzuela G, Mateluna D, Buen-Abad F, Toro J, Barajas O, Marcelain K. Classification of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer into consensus molecular subtypes into real-world: A pilot study. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:409-419. [PMID: 37970108 PMCID: PMC10631348 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i10.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] [Imported: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a complex disease with high mortality rates. Over time, the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has gradually improved due to the development of modern chemotherapy and targeted therapy regimens. However, due to the inherent heterogeneity of this condition, identifying reliable predictive biomarkers for targeted therapies remains challenging. A recent promising classification system-the consensus molecular subtype (CMS) system-offers the potential to categorize mCRC patients based on their unique biological and molecular characteristics. Four distinct CMS categories have been defined: immune (CMS1), canonical (CMS2), metabolic (CMS3), and mesenchymal (CMS4). Nevertheless, there is currently no standardized protocol for accurately classifying patients into CMS categories. To address this challenge, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and next-generation genomic sequencing (NGS) techniques may hold promise for precisely classifying mCRC patients into their CMSs. AIM To investigate if mCRC patients can be classified into CMS categories using a standardized molecular biology workflow. METHODS This observational study was conducted at the University of Chile Clinical Hospital and included patients with unresectable mCRC who were undergoing systemic treatment with chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy. Molecular biology techniques were employed to analyse primary tumour samples from these patients. RT-qPCR was utilized to assess the expression of genes associated with fibrosis (TGF-β and β-catenin) and cell growth pathways (c-MYC). NGS using a 25-gene panel (TumorSec) was performed to identify specific genomic mutations. The patients were then classified into one of the four CMS categories according to the clinical consensus of a Tumour Board. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients prior to their participation in this study. All techniques were conducted at University of Chile. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were studied with the techniques and then evaluated by the Tumour Board to determine the specific CMS. Among them, 23% (n = 6), 19% (n = 5), 31% (n = 8), and 19% (n = 5) were classified as CMS1, CMS2, CMS3, and CMS4, respectively. Additionally, 8% of patients (n = 2) could not be classified into any of the four CMS categories. The median overall survival of the total sample was 28 mo, and for CMS1, CMS2, CMS3 and CMS4 it was 11, 20, 30 and 45 mo respectively, with no statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION A molecular biology workflow and clinical consensus analysis can be used to accurately classify mCRC patients. This classification process, which divides patients into the four CMS categories, holds significant potential for improving research strategies and targeted therapies tailored to the specific characteristics of mCRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime González-Montero
- Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago 8420383, Chile
- Basic and Clinical Oncology Department, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | | | - Guillermo Valenzuela
- Basic and Clinical Oncology Department, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Debora Mateluna
- Basic and Clinical Oncology Department, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Florencia Buen-Abad
- Basic and Clinical Oncology Department, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Jessica Toro
- Basic and Clinical Oncology Department, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Olga Barajas
- Basic and Clinical Oncology Department, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Katherine Marcelain
- Basic and Clinical Oncology Department, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Huang ZG, Chen Y, Wu T, Yin BT, Feng X, Li SH, Li DM, Chen G, Cheng JW, He J. What should be the future direction of development in the field of prostate cancer with lung metastasis? World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:420-439. [PMID: 37970109 PMCID: PMC10631347 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i10.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] [Imported: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the start of the 21st century, prostate cancer with lung metastasis (PCLM) has accumulated significant scientific research output. However, a systematic knowledge framework for PCLM is still lacking. AIM To reconstruct the global knowledge system in the field of PCLM, sort out hot research directions, and provide reference for the clinical and mechanism research of PCLM. METHODS We retrieved 280 high-quality papers from the Web of Science Core Collection and conducted a bibliometric analysis of keywords, publication volume, and citation frequency. Additionally, we selected differentially expressed genes from global high-throughput datasets and performed enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis to further summarize and explore the mechanisms of PCLM. RESULTS PCLM has received extensive attention over the past 22 years, but there is an uneven spatial distribution in PCLM research. In the clinical aspect, the treatment of PCLM is mainly based on chemotherapy and immunotherapy, while diagnosis relies on methods such as prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography. In the basic research aspect, the focus is on cell adhesion molecules and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, among others. Traditional treatments, such as chemotherapy, remain the mainstay of PCLM treatment, while novel approaches such as immunotherapy have limited effectiveness in PCLM. This study reveals for the first time that pathways related to coronavirus disease 2019, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and ribosome are closely associated with PCLM. CONCLUSION Future research should focus on exploring and enhancing mechanisms such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ribosome and improve existing mechanisms like cadherin binding and cell adhesion molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bin-Tong Yin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dong-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ji-Wen Cheng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
de Camargo AV, de Mattos MD, Kawasaki MK, Gomes DNS, Borges ABB, Vazquez VDL, Araujo RLC. Treatment of patients with multiple brain metastases by isolated radiosurgery: Toxicity and survival. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:400-408. [PMID: 37970107 PMCID: PMC10631349 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i10.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] [Imported: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiosurgery for multiple brain metastases has been more reported recently without using whole-brain radiotherapy. Nevertheless, the sparsity of the data still claims more information about toxicity and survival and their association with both dosimetric and geometric aspects of this treatment. AIM To assess the toxicity and survival outcome of radiosurgery in patients with multiple (four or more lesions) brain metastases. METHODS In a single institution, data were collected retrospectively from patients who underwent radiosurgery to treat brain metastases from diverse primary sites. Patients with 4-21 brain metastases were treated with a single fraction with a dose of 18 Gy or 20 Gy. The clinical variables collected were relevant to toxicity, survival, treatment response, planning, and dosimetric variables. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Log-rank test were used according to the type of variable and outcomes. RESULTS From August 2017 to February 2020, 55 patients were evaluated. Headache was the most common complaint (38.2%). The median overall survival (OS) for patients with karnofsky performance status (KPS) > 70 was 8.9 mo, and this was 3.6 mo for those with KPS ≤ 70 (P = 0.047). Patients with treated lesions had a median progression-free survival of 7.6 mo. There were no differences in OS (19.7 vs 9.5 mo) or progression-free survival (10.6 vs 6.3 mo) based on prior irradiation. There was no correlation found between reported toxicities and planning, dosimetric, and geometric variables, implying that no additional significant toxicity risks appear to be added to the treatment of multiple (four or more) lesions. CONCLUSION No associations were found between the evaluated toxicities and the planning dosimetric parameters, and no differences in survival rates were detected based on previous treatment status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Murilo Kenji Kawasaki
- Department of Radiotherapy, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raphael L C Araujo
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil
- IEP, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Xu YF, Wang GY, Zhang MY, Yang JG. Hub genes and their key effects on prognosis of Burkitt lymphoma. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:357-372. [PMID: 37970111 PMCID: PMC10631346 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i10.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] [Imported: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an exceptionally aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from either the germinal center or post-germinal center B cells. Patients with BL often present with rapid tumor growth and require high-intensity multi-drug therapy combined with adequate intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis, however, a standard treatment program for BL has not yet been established. It is important to identify biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of BLs and discriminating patients who might benefit from the therapy. Microarray data and sequencing information from public databases could offer opportunities for the discovery of new diagnostic or therapeutic targets. AIM To identify hub genes and perform gene ontology (GO) and survival analysis in BL. METHODS Gene expression profiles and clinical traits of BL patients were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to construct gene co-expression modules, and the cytoHubba tool was used to find the hub genes. Then, the hub genes were analyzed using GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Additionally, a Protein-Protein Interaction network and a Genetic Interaction network were constructed. Prognostic candidate genes were identified through overall survival analysis. Finally, a nomogram was established to assess the predictive value of hub genes, and drug-gene interactions were also constructed. RESULTS In this study, we obtained 8 modules through WGCNA analysis, and there was a significant correlation between the yellow module and age. Then we identified 10 hub genes (SRC, TLR4, CD40, STAT3, SELL, CXCL10, IL2RA, IL10RA, CCR7 and FCGR2B) by cytoHubba tool. Within these hubs, two genes were found to be associated with OS (CXCL10, P = 0.029 and IL2RA, P = 0.0066) by survival analysis. Additionally, we combined these two hub genes and age to build a nomogram. Moreover, the drugs related to IL2RA and CXCL10 might have a potential therapeutic role in relapsed and refractory BL. CONCLUSION From WGCNA and survival analysis, we identified CXCL10 and IL2RA that might be prognostic markers for BL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guan-Yun Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming-Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ji-Gang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Rao ZZ, Tang ZW, Wen J. Advances in drug resistance of triple negative breast cancer caused by pregnane X receptor. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:335-342. [PMID: 37771631 PMCID: PMC10523191 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i9.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), refers breast cancer negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, characterized by high drug resistance, high metastasis and high recurrence, treatment of which is a difficult problem in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. In order to better treat TNBC clinically, it is a very urgent task to explore the mechanism of TNBC resistance in basic breast cancer research. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor whose main biological function is to participate in the metabolism, transport and clearance of allobiological agents in PXR. PXR plays an important role in drug metabolism and clearance, and PXR is highly expressed in tumor tissues of TNBC patients, which is related to the prognosis of breast cancer patients. This reviews synthesized the important role of PXR in the process of high drug resistance to TNBC chemotherapeutic drugs and related research progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Zhou Rao
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha 410003, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Tang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ivanov N, Krastev B, Miteva DG, Batselova H, Alexandrova R, Velikova T. Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with oncological diseases: State-of-the-art. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:343-356. [PMID: 37771630 PMCID: PMC10523189 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i9.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared to be no longer “a public health emergency of international concern” with its wide range of clinical manifestations and late complications, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection proved to be a serious threat, especially to the elderly and patients with comorbidities. Patients with oncologic diseases are vulnerable to severe infection and death. Indeed, patients with oncohematological diseases have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and impaired post-vaccination immunity. Unfortunately, cancer patients are usually excluded from vaccine trials and investigations of post-vaccinal immune responses and the effectiveness of the vaccines. We aimed to elucidate to what extent patients with cancer are at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 and what is their overall case fatality rate. We also present the current concept and evidence on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, including boosters, in oncology patients. In conclusion, despite the considerably higher mortality in the cancer patient group than the general population, countries with high vaccination rates have demonstrated trends toward improved survival of cancer patients early and late in the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nedelcho Ivanov
- Department of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital Alexanrovska, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Boris Krastev
- Medical Center Nadezhda, Medical Center Nadezhda, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | | | - Hristiana Batselova
- Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv, University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Alexandrova
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Wang J, Luo LZ, Liang DM, Guo C, Huang ZH, Sun GY, Wen J. Progress in the research of cuproptosis and possible targets for cancer therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:324-334. [PMID: 37771632 PMCID: PMC10523190 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i9.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] [Imported: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing novel cancer therapies that exploit programmed cell death pathways holds promise for advancing cancer treatment. According to a recently published study in Science, copper death (cuproptosis) occurs when intracellular copper is overloaded, triggering aggregation of lipidated mitochondrial proteins and Fe-S cluster proteins. This intriguing phenomenon is triggered by the instability of copper ions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind cuproptosis and its associated genes, as identified by Tsvetkov, including ferredoxin 1, lipoic acid synthase, lipoyltransferase 1, dihydrolipid amide dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide transacetylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase α1, pyruvate dehydrogenase β, metallothionein, glutaminase, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, may open new avenues for cancer therapy. Here, we provide a new understanding of the role of copper death and related genes in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lan-Zhu Luo
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dao-Miao Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Huang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guo-Ying Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kanemo P, Musa KM, Deenadayalan V, Litvin R, Odeyemi OE, Shaka A, Baskaran N, Shaka H. Readmission rates and outcomes in adults with and without COVID-19 following inpatient chemotherapy admission: A nationwide analysis. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:311-323. [PMID: 37700808 PMCID: PMC10494557 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i8.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] [Imported: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has received considerable attention in the scientific community due to its impact on healthcare systems and various diseases. However, little focus has been given to its effect on cancer treatment. AIM To determine the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients' care. METHODS A retrospective review of a Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) was conducted to analyze hospitalization patterns of patients receiving inpatient chemotherapy (IPCT) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Two cohorts were defined based on readmission within 30 d and 90 d. Demographic information, readmission rates, hospital-specific variables, length of hospital stay (LOS), and treatment costs were analyzed. Comorbidities were assessed using the Elixhauser comorbidity index. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of readmission. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata® Version 16 software. As the NRD data is anonymous and cannot be used to identify patients, institutional review board approval was not required for this study. RESULTS A total of 87755 hospitalizations for IPCT were identified during the pandemic. Among the 30-day index admission cohort, 55005 patients were included, with 32903 readmissions observed, resulting in a readmission rate of 59.8%. For the 90-day index admission cohort, 33142 patients were included, with 24503 readmissions observed, leading to a readmission rate of 73.93%. The most common causes of readmission included encounters with chemotherapy (66.7%), neutropenia (4.36%), and sepsis (3.3%). Comorbidities were significantly higher among readmitted hospitalizations compared to index hospitalizations in both readmission cohorts. The total cost of readmission for both cohorts amounted to 1193000000.00 dollars. Major predictors of 30-day readmission included peripheral vascular disorders [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09, P < 0.05], paralysis (HR = 1.26, P < 0.001), and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (HR = 1.14, P = 0.03). Predictors of 90-day readmission included lymphoma (HR = 1.14, P < 0.01), paralysis (HR = 1.21, P = 0.02), and peripheral vascular disorders (HR = 1.15, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the management of patients undergoing IPCT. These findings highlight the urgent need for a more strategic approach to the care of patients receiving IPCT during pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kanemo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rapides Regional Medical Center, Alexandria, LA 71301, United States
| | - Keffi Mubarak Musa
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria 88445, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Vaishali Deenadayalan
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60623, United States
| | - Rafaella Litvin
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60623, United States
| | - Olubunmi Emmanuel Odeyemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso 210101, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Abdultawab Shaka
- Department of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, St. Kitts, Frankfort, IL 60423, United States
| | - Naveen Baskaran
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Hafeez Shaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60623, United States
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Fang ZX, Hou YY, Wu Z, Wu BX, Deng Y, Wu HT, Liu J. Immune responses of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 functions as a novel biomarker in gastric cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:297-310. [PMID: 37700807 PMCID: PMC10494559 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i8.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] [Imported: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells play an important role in regulating the behavior of tumor cells. According to emerging evidence, six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 (STEAP4) performs a crucial part in tumor microenvironmental immune response and tumorigenesis, and serves as the potential target for cellular and antibody immunotherapy. However, the immunotherapeutic role of STEAP4 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. AIM To investigate the expression of STEAP4 in GC and its relationship with immune infiltrating cells, and explore the potential value of STEAP4 as an immune prognostic indicator in GC. METHODS The expression level of STEAP4 was characterized by immunohistochemistry in tumors and adjacent non-cancerous samples in 96 GC patients. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource was used to study the correlation between STEAP4 and tumor immune infiltration level and immune infiltration gene signature. R package was used to analyze the relationship between STEAP4 expression and immune and stromal scores in GC (GSE62254) by the ESTIMATE algorithm, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis were applied to analyze the effect of STEAP4 on clinical prognosis. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that STEAP4 expression was higher in GC tissues than in adjacent tissues, and STEAP4 expression was positively correlated with the clinical stage of GC. In GC, the expression of STEAP4 was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of B cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. The expression level of STEAP4 was strongly correlated with most of the immune markers. In addition, STEAP4 expression was inversely correlated with tumor purity, but correlated with stromal score (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), immune score (r = 0.29, P < 0.001) and estimate score (r = 0.39, P < 0.001). Moreover, stromal, immune, and estimate scores were higher in the STEAP4 high expression group, whereas tumor purity was higher in the STEAP4 Low expression group. The relationship between STEAP4 expression and prognosis of patients with GC was further investigated, and the results showed that high STEAP4 expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. In addition, Kaplan-Meier Plotter showed that high expression of STEAP4 was significantly correlated with poor survival of patients with GC. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest an oncogenic role for STEAP4 in GC, with significantly high levels being associated with poor prognosis. Investigation of the GC tumor microenvironment suggests the potential function of STEAP4 is connected with the infiltration of diverse immune cells, which may contribute to the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, STEAP4 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GC to improve the immune infiltration, as well as serve as a prognostic biomarker for judging the prognosis and immune infiltration status of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Elhariri A, Alhaj A, Ahn D, Sonbol MB, Bekaii-Saab T, Wu C, Rutenberg MS, Stauffer J, Starr J, Majeed U, Jones J, Borad M, Babiker H. Targeting KRAS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Progress in demystifying the holy grail. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:285-296. [PMID: 37700806 PMCID: PMC10494558 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i8.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] [Imported: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most challenging diseases, with a very poor 5-year overall survival of around 11.5%. Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutation is seen in 90%-95% of PC patients and plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and survival, making it an essential mutation for targeted therapy. Despite extensive efforts in studying this oncogene, there has been little success in finding a drug to target this pathway, labelling it for decades as "undruggable". In this article we summarize some of the efforts made to target the KRAS pathway in PC, discuss the challenges, and shed light on promising clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elhariri
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Ahmed Alhaj
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Daniel Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Mohamad Bassam Sonbol
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Christina Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Michael Scott Rutenberg
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - John Stauffer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Jason Starr
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Umair Majeed
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Jeremy Jones
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Mitesh Borad
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
| | - Hani Babiker
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Oey O, Sunjaya AF, Khan Y, Redfern A. Stromal inflammation, fibrosis and cancer: An old intuition with promising potential. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:230-246. [PMID: 37583950 PMCID: PMC10424089 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i7.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that the biology of cancer is influenced by not only malignant cells but also other components of the tumour microenvironment. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis have long been postulated to be involved in carcinogenesis. Chronic inflammation can promote tumorigenesis via growth factor/cytokine-mediated cellular proliferation, apoptotic resistance, immunosuppression; and free-radical-induced oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Fibrosis could cause a perturbation in the dynamics of the tumour microenvironment, potentially damaging the genome surveillance machinery of normal epithelial cells. In this review, we will provide an in-depth discussion of various diseases characterised by inflammation and fibrosis that have been associated with an increased risk of malignancy. In particular, we will present a comprehensive overview of the impact of alterations in stromal composition on tumorigenesis, induced as a consequence of inflammation and/or fibrosis. Strategies including the application of various therapeutic agents with stromal manipulation potential and targeted cancer screening for certain inflammatory diseases which can reduce the risk of cancer will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Oey
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Crawley NA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gardner Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Angela Felicia Sunjaya
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Yasir Khan
- Department of Medical Oncology, St John of God Midland Public and Private Hospital, Midland 6056, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Redfern
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Panichella JC, Araya S, Nannapaneni S, Robinson SG, You S, Gubara SM, Gebreyesus MT, Webster T, Patel SA, Hamidian Jahromi A. Cancer screening and management in the transgender population: Review of literature and special considerations for gender affirmation surgery. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:265-284. [PMID: 37583948 PMCID: PMC10424092 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i7.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature focused on cancer screening and management is lacking in the transgender population. AIM To action to increase contributions to the scientific literature that drives the creation of cancer screening and management protocols for transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) patients. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed on January 5th, 2022, with the following terms: "TGNC", OR "transgender", OR "gender non-conforming", OR "gender nonbinary" AND "cancer screening", AND "breast cancer", AND "cervical cancer", AND "uterine cancer", AND "ovarian cancer", AND "prostate cancer", AND "testicular cancer", AND "surveillance", AND "follow-up", AND "management". 70 unique publications were used. The findings are discussed under "Screening" and "Management" categories. RESULTS Screening: Current cancer screening recommendations default to cis-gender protocols. However, long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy and loss to follow-up from the gender-specific specialties contribute to a higher risk for cancer development and possible delayed detection. The only known screening guidelines made specifically for this population are from the American College of Radiology for breast cancer. Management: Prior to undergoing Gender Affirmation Surgery (GAS), discussion should address cancer screening and management in the organs remaining in situ. Cancer treatment in this population requires consideration for chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and/or reconstruction. Modification of hormone therapy is decided on a case-by-case basis. The use of prophylactic vs aesthetic techniques in surgery is still debated. CONCLUSION When assessing transgender individuals for GAS, a discussion on the future oncologic risk of the sex-specific organs remaining in situ is essential. Cancer management in this population requires a multidisciplinary approach while the care should be highly individualized with considerations to social, medical, surgical and gender affirming surgery related specifications. Special considerations have to be made during planning for GAS as surgery will alter the anatomy and may render the organ difficult to sample for screening purposes. A discussion with the patient regarding the oncologic risk of remaining organs is imperative prior to GAS. Other special considerations to screening such as the conscious or unconscious will to unassociated with their remaining organs is also a key point to address. We currently lack high quality studies pertinent to the cancer topic in the gender affirmation literature. Further research is required to ensure more comprehensive and individualized care for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet C Panichella
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Sthefano Araya
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States
| | - Siddhartha Nannapaneni
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States
| | - Samuel G Robinson
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Susan You
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Sarah M Gubara
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Maria T Gebreyesus
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Theresa Webster
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 18045, United States
| | - Sameer A Patel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States
| | - Alireza Hamidian Jahromi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Temple University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Pavlidis ET, Pavlidis TE. Role of prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the era of de-escalation. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:247-258. [PMID: 37583949 PMCID: PMC10424091 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i7.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. While there has been no appreciable increase in the observed mortality of well-differentiated thyroid cancer, there has been an overall rise in its incidence worldwide over the last few decades. Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and clinical evidence of central (cN1) and/or lateral lymph node metastases require total thyroidectomy plus central and/or lateral neck dissection as the initial surgical treatment. Nodal status in PTC patients plays a crucial role in the prognostic evaluation of the recurrence risk. The 2015 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) have more accurately determined the indications for therapeutic central and lateral lymph node dissection. However, prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection (pCND) in negative lymph node (cN0) PTC patients is controversial, as the 2009 ATA guidelines recommended that CND "should be considered" routinely in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC. Although the current guidelines show clear indications for therapeutic CND, the role of pCND in cN0 patients with PTC is still debated. In small solitary papillary carcinoma (T1, T2), pCND is not recommended unless there are high-risk prediction factors for recurrence and diffuse nodal spread (extrathyroid extension, mutation in the BRAF gene). pCND can be considered in cN0 disease with advanced primary tumors (T3 or T4) or clinical lateral neck disease (cN1b) or for staging and treatment planning purposes. The role of the preoperative evaluation is fund-amental to minimizing the possible detrimental effect of overtreatment of the types of patients who are associated with low disease-related morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, it determines the choice of appropriate treatment and determines if close monitoring of patients at a higher risk is needed. Thus, pCND is currently recommended for T3 and T4 tumors but not for T1 and T2 tumors without high-risk prediction factors of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theodoros E Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
McMahon KR, Gemma N, Clapp M, Sanchez-Montejo P, Dibello J, Laipply E. Relationship between anal cancer recurrence and cigarette smoking. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:259-264. [PMID: 37583947 PMCID: PMC10424090 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i7.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of anal cancer has been increasing in the United States. Smoking is a well-established risk factor; however, the impact of smoking on disease re-currence and outcome has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the association between anal cancer recurrence and cigarette smoking. AIM To investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking status and anal cancer treatment outcome. METHODS The cancer registry from a single, community hospital was screened for patients with anal cancer between 2010 and 2021. The following characteristics were gathered from the database: Age; sex; cigarette smoking history; American Joint Committee on Cancer Clinical Stage Group; response to therapy; recurrence; time to recurrence; mortality; time to death; and length of follow-up. Patients were divided into the following groups: Current smokers; former smokers; and never smokers. SPSSv25.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 95 patients from the database met the screening criteria. There were 37 never smokers, 22 former smokers, and 36 current smokers. There was no difference between groups in regards to race or sex. There was no difference in the American Joint Committee on Cancer Clinical Stage Group between groups. The former smokers were significantly older when compared to never smokers and current smokers (66.5 ± 13.17 vs 57.4 ± 7.82 vs 63.7 ± 13.80, P = 0.011). Former smokers and current smokers had a higher recurrence rate compared to never smokers (30.8% and 20.8% compared to zero, P = 0.009). There was not a significant difference in recurrence between former smokers and current smokers. There was no difference in the mortality, non-response rate, or time to death between the groups. CONCLUSION Our data contributes evidence that cigarette smoking status is associated with increased recurrence for patients with anal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R McMahon
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| | - Nicholas Gemma
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| | - McKenzie Clapp
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| | | | - Joseph Dibello
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| | - Erica Laipply
- Department of General Surgery, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, United States
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Brandão ABDM, Rodriguez S, Fleck Jr ADM, Marroni CA, Wagner MB, Hörbe A, Fernandes MV, Cerski CTS, Coral GP. Correction: Propensity-matched analysis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing a liver transplant. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:227-229. [PMID: 37398544 PMCID: PMC10311476 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i6.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rereading the article “Propensity-matched analysis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing a liver transplant” (DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i8.688), published on August 24, we observe, with concern, that figures 3 and 4 are wrong. The authors have attached the correct figures for correction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajacio Bandeira de Mello Brandão
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
- Liver Transplantation Group, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020090, RS, Brazil
| | - Santiago Rodriguez
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
- Department of Hepatology, Hospital Vozandes Quito-HVQ, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Alfeu de Medeiros Fleck Jr
- Liver Transplantation Group, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020090, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudio Augusto Marroni
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
- Liver Transplantation Group, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020090, RS, Brazil
| | - Mário B Wagner
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035002, RS, Brazil
| | - Alex Hörbe
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020090, RS, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Matheus V Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos TS Cerski
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035002, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Perdomo Coral
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Fiorentini G, Sarti D, Mambrini A, Hammarberg Ferri I, Bonucci M, Sciacca PG, Ballerini M, Bonanno S, Milandri C, Nani R, Guadagni S, Dentico P, Fiorentini C. Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A multicenter retrospective observational comparative study. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:215-226. [PMID: 37398545 PMCID: PMC10311475 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i6.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies report the useful therapeutic results of regional hyperthermia in association with chemotherapy (CHT) and radiotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a new hyperthermia technique that induces immunogenic death or apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in laboratory experiments and increases tumor response rate and survival in pancreatic cancer patients, offering beneficial therapeutic effects against this severe type of cancer.
AIM To assess survival, tumor response and toxicity of mEHT alone or combined with CHT compared with CHT for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer.
METHODS This was a retrospective data collection on patients affected by locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer (stage III and IV) performed in 9 Italian centers, members of International Clinical Hyperthermia Society-Italian Network. This study included 217 patients, 128 (59%) of them were treated with CHT (no-mEHT) and 89 (41%) patients received mEHT alone or in association with CHT. mEHT treatments were performed applying a power of 60-150 watts for 40-90 min, simultaneously or within 72 h of administration of CHT.
RESULTS Median patients’ age was 67 years (range 31-92 years). mEHT group had a median overall survival greater than non-mEHT group (20 mo, range 1.6-24, vs 9 mo, range 0.4-56.25, P < 0.001). mEHT group showed a higher number of partial responses (45% vs 24%, P = 0.0018) and a lower number of progressions (4% vs 31%, P < 0.001) than the no-mEHT group, at the three months follow-up. Adverse events were observed as mild skin burns in 2.6% of mEHT sessions.
CONCLUSION mEHT seems safe and has beneficial effects on survival and tumor response of stage III-IV pancreatic tumor treatment. Further randomized studies are warranted to confirm or not these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giammaria Fiorentini
- Integrative Oncology, Integrative Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Bologna 40121, Italy
| | - Donatella Sarti
- Department of Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Urbino 60129, Italy
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa Carrara Hospital, Massa 54100, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Bonucci
- Integrative Oncology, Association Research Center for Integrative Oncology Treatments, Roma 00166, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ballerini
- Hyperthermia Unit, Bellessere Medical Center, Terni 05100, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Milandri
- Medical Oncology, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo 52100, Italy
| | - Roberto Nani
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo 24121, Italy
| | - Stefano Guadagni
- Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of General Surgery, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dentico
- Hyperthermia Service, Medical Oncology Unit, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli 50053, Italy
| | - Caterina Fiorentini
- Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80331, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Abunada A, Sirhan Z, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:198-202. [PMID: 37275938 PMCID: PMC10236985 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i5.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The body of evidence investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) directed therapy in patients with breast cancer (BC) has been growing within the last decade. Recently, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been of particular interest in the treatment of human malignancies. This literature commentary is intended to highlight the most recent findings associated with the widely-studied TKI agents and their clinical significance in improving the outcomes of HER2 positive BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abunada
- Department of Pharmacy, Sidra Medicine, Doha 0000, Qatar
| | - Zaid Sirhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
AlDreini S, Fatfat Z, Abou Ibrahim N, Fatfat M, Gali-Muhtasib H, Khalife H. Thymoquinone enhances the antioxidant and anticancer activity of Lebanese propolis. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:203-214. [PMID: 37275937 PMCID: PMC10236984 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i5.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by multiple cellular processes and are maintained at optimal levels in normal cells by endogenous antioxidants. In recent years, the search for potential exogenous antioxidants from dietary sources has gained considerable attention to eliminate excess ROS that is associated with oxidative stress related diseases including cancer. Propolis, a resinous honeybee product, has been shown to have protective effects against oxidative stress and anticancer effects against several types of neoplasms.
AIM To investigate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Lebanese propolis when applied alone or in combination with the promising anticancer compound Thymoquinone (TQ) the main constituent of Nigella sativa essential oil.
METHODS Crude extracts of Lebanese propolis collected from two locations, Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh, were prepared in methanol and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and to inhibit H2O2-induced oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes. The anticancer activity was evaluated by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] MTT assay against HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.
RESULTS The total phenolic content of propolis extract from Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh were 56.81 µg and 83.503 µg of gallic acid equivalent /mg of propolis, respectively. Both natural agents exhibited strong antioxidant activities as evidenced by their ability to scavenge DPPH free radical and to protect erythrocytes against H2O2-induced hemolysis. They also dose-dependently decreased the viability of both cancer cell lines. The IC50 value of each of propolis extract from Rashaya and Akkar-Danniyeh or TQ was 22.3, 61.7, 40.44 µg/mL for breast cancer cells at 72 h and 33.3, 50.9, 33.5 µg/mL for colorectal cancer cells at the same time point, respectively. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of propolis on DPPH radicals and cancer cell viability were achieved at half its concentration when combined with TQ.
CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Lebanese propolis extract has antioxidant and anticancer potential and its combination with TQ could possibly prevent ROS- mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sima AlDreini
- Rammal Rammal Laboratory (ATAC Group), Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath 1003, Lebanon
| | - Zaynab Fatfat
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Najwa Abou Ibrahim
- Rammal Rammal Laboratory (ATAC Group), Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath 1003, Lebanon
| | - Maamoun Fatfat
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hala Khalife
- Rammal Rammal Laboratory (ATAC Group), Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath 1003, Lebanon
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Camerino University, Camerino 62032, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Russo S, Conigliaro R, Coppini F, Dell'Aquila E, Grande G, Pigò F, Mangiafico S, Lupo M, Marocchi M, Bertani H, Cocca S. Acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: Is there a role for endoscopic stenting? World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:190-197. [PMID: 37275939 PMCID: PMC10236983 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i5.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapy of left-sided malignant colonic obstruction continues to be one of the largest problems in clinical practice. Numerous studies on colonic stenting for neoplastic colonic obstruction have been reported in the last decades. Thereby the role of self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) in the treatment of malignant colonic obstruction has become better defined. However, numerous prospective and retrospective investigations have highlighted serious concerns about a possible worse outcome after endoscopic colorectal stenting as a bridge to surgery, particularly in case of perforation. This review analyzes the most recent evidence in order to highlight pros and cons of SEMS placement in left-sided malignant colonic obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Russo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Rita Conigliaro
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppini
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Azienda USL, IRCCs di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42122, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dell'Aquila
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 0144, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grande
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Flavia Pigò
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Santi Mangiafico
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Marinella Lupo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Margherita Marocchi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Helga Bertani
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Silvia Cocca
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena 41126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Wang RG, Wei L, Jiang B. Current progress on the endoscopic features of colorectal sessile serrated lesions. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:171-178. [PMID: 37124132 PMCID: PMC10134204 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the discovery and refinement of serrated pathways, the World Health Organization amended the classification of digestive system tumors in 2019, recommending the renaming of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps to sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). Given the particularity of the endoscopic appearance of SSLs, it could easily be overlooked and missed in colonoscopy screening, which is crucial for the occurrence of interval colorectal cancer. Existing literature has found that adequate bowel preparation, reasonable withdrawal time, and awareness of colorectal SSLs have improved the quality and accuracy of detection. More particularly, with the continuous advancement and development of endoscopy technology, equipment, and accessories, a potent auxiliary tool is provided for accurate observation and immediate diagnosis of SSLs. High-definition white light endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and magnifying endoscopy have distinct roles in the detection of colorectal SSLs and are valuable in identifying the size, shape, character, risk degree, and potential malignant tendency. This article delves into the relevant factors influencing the detection rate of colorectal SSLs, reviews its characteristics under various endoscopic techniques, and expects to attract the attention of colonoscopists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Rocha Pinheiro SL, Lemos FFB, Marques HS, Silva Luz M, de Oliveira Silva LG, Faria Souza Mendes dos Santos C, da Costa Evangelista K, Calmon MS, Sande Loureiro M, Freire de Melo F. Immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment: Current state and future prospects. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:138-159. [PMID: 37124134 PMCID: PMC10134201 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains as the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor, standing with a poor prognosis and treatment prospective. Despite the aggressive standard care, such as surgical resection and chemoradiation, median survival rates are low. In this regard, immunotherapeutic strategies aim to become more attractive for glioblastoma, considering its recent advances and approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status and progress in immunotherapy for glioblastoma, going through the fundamental knowledge on immune targeting to promising strategies, such as Chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine-based treatment, oncolytic virus and vaccine-based techniques. At last, it is discussed innovative methods to overcome diverse challenges, and future perspectives in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sande Loureiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Bangolo AI, Fwelo P, Trivedi C, Sagireddy S, Aljanaahi H, Auda A, Mohamed M, Onyeka S, Fisher M, Thapa J, Tabucanon EJ, Georgiev L, Wishart A, Kumari S, Erikson C, Bangura M, Paddy O, Madhukar R, Gomez EL, Rathod J, Naria M, Hajal B, Awadhalla M, Siegel D, Parmar H, Biran N, Vesole DH, Phull P, Weissman S. Interaction between age and gender on survival outcomes in extramedullary multiple myeloma over the past two decades. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:179-189. [PMID: 37124133 PMCID: PMC10134202 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extramedullary multiple myeloma (MM) (EMM) is a rare and aggressive subentity of MM that can be present at diagnosis or develop anytime during the disease course. There is a paucity of data on the clinical characteristics and overall epidemiology of EMM. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of data on how the interaction of age and gender influences the survival of EMM.
AIM To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with EMM over the past 2 decades and to identify epidemiologic characteristics that may impact overall prognosis.
METHODS A total of 858 patients diagnosed with EMM, between 2000 and 2017, were ultimately enrolled in our study by retrieving the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We analyzed demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall mortality (OM) as well as cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of EMM. Variables with a P value < 0.1 in the univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors, with a hazard ratio (HR) of greater than 1 representing adverse prognostic factors.
RESULTS From a sample of 858 EMM, the male gender (63.25%), age range 60-79 years (51.05%), and non-Hispanic whites (66.78%) were the most represented. Central Nervous System and the vertebral column was the most affected site (33.10%). Crude analysis revealed higher OM in the age group 80+ [HR = 6.951, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 3.299-14.647, P = 0], Non-Hispanic Black population (HR = 1.339, 95%CI: 1.02-1.759, P = 0.036), Bones not otherwise specified (NOS) (HR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.043-2.902, P = 0.034), and widowed individuals (HR = 2.107, 95%CI: 1.511-2.938, P = 0). Skin involvement (HR = 0.241, 95%CI: 0.06-0.974, P = 0.046) and a yearly income of $75000+ (HR = 0.259, 95%CI: 0.125-0.538, P = 0) had the lowest OM in the crude analysis. Crude analysis revealed higher CSM in the age group 80+, Non-Hispanic Black, Bones NOS, and widowed. Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses only revealed higher OM in the age group 80+ (HR = 9.792, 95%CI: 4.403-21.774, P = 0) and widowed individuals (HR = 1.609, 95%CI: 1.101-2.35, P = 0.014). Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of CSM also revealed higher mortality of the same groups. Eyes, mouth, and ENT involvement had the lowest CSM in the multivariate analysis. There was no interaction between age and gender in the adjusted analysis for OM and CSM.
CONCLUSION EMM is a rare entity. To our knowledge, there is a scarcity of data on the clinical characteristics and prognosis factors of patients with extramedullary multiple myeloma. In this retrospective cohort, using a United States-based population, we found that age, marital status, and tumor site were independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, we found that age and gender did not interact to influence the mortality of patients with EMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayrton I Bangolo
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Pierre Fwelo
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Chinmay Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Sowmya Sagireddy
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Hamed Aljanaahi
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Auda Auda
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Maryama Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Sonia Onyeka
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Miriam Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Jyoti Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Erwin J Tabucanon
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Lyuben Georgiev
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Annetta Wishart
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Shilpee Kumari
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Conrad Erikson
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Mary Bangura
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Orent Paddy
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Rashmi Madhukar
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Eugenio L Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Joshua Rathod
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Mansi Naria
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Basel Hajal
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - Mohammad Awadhalla
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| | - David Siegel
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - Harsh Parmar
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - Noa Biran
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - David H Vesole
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - Pooja Phull
- Division of Myeloma, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
| | - Simcha Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Stuckey R, Luzardo Henríquez H, de la Nuez Melian H, Rivero Vera JC, Bilbao-Sieyro C, Gómez-Casares MT. Integration of molecular testing for the personalized management of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:160-170. [PMID: 37124135 PMCID: PMC10134203 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are the most common forms of aggressive and indolent lymphoma, respectively. The majority of patients are cured by standard R-CHOP immunochemotherapy, but 30%–40% of DLBCL and 20% of FL patients relapse or are refractory (R/R). DLBCL and FL are phenotypically and genetically hereterogenous B-cell neoplasms. To date, the diagnosis of DLBCL and FL has been based on morphology, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics. However, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widening our understanding of the genetic basis of the B-cell lymphomas. In this review we will discuss how integrating the NGS-based characterization of somatic gene mutations with diagnostic or prognostic value in DLBCL and FL could help refine B-cell lymphoma classification as part of a multidisciplinary pathology work-up. We will also discuss how molecular testing can identify candidates for clinical trials with targeted therapies and help predict therapeutic outcome to currently available treatments, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell, as well as explore the application of circulating cell-free DNA, a non-invasive method for patient monitoring. We conclude that molecular analyses can drive improvements in patient outcomes due to an increased understanding of the different pathogenic pathways affected by each DLBCL subtype and indolent FL vs R/R FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stuckey
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas 35019, Spain
| | - Hugo Luzardo Henríquez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas 35019, Spain
| | | | - José Carlos Rivero Vera
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas 35019, Spain
| | - Cristina Bilbao-Sieyro
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Morphology, Universitario de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35001, Spain
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Casares
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Medical Science, Universitario de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35001, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Filonenko D, Karnaukhov N, Kvetenadze G, Zhukova L. Unusual breast metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:131-137. [PMID: 37009526 PMCID: PMC10052332 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract. The most common sites of metastases are the liver and the peritoneum, whereas breast metastases from GIST are extremely rare. We present a second case of GIST breast metastasis.
CASE SUMMARY We found a case of breast metastasis from rectum GIST. A 55-year-old female patient presented with rectum tumor with multiply liver lesions and metastasis in the right breast. Abdominal-perineal extirpation of rectum was performed, histology and immunohistochemistry study showed GIST, mixed type with CD117 and DOG-1 positive staining. The patient was taking imatinib 400 mg for 22 mo with stable disease. Because of growth of the breast metastasis the treatment was changed twice: The dose of imatinib was doubled with further progression in the breast lesion and then the patient was receiving sunitinib for 26 mo with partial response in the right breast and stable disease in the liver lesions. The breast lesion increased and right breast resection was done – surgery on local progression, the liver metastases were stable. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies revealed GIST metastasis, CD 117 and DOG 1 positive with KIT exon 11 mutation. After surgery the patient resumed imatinib. Until now the patient has been taking imatinib 400 mg for 19 mo without progression, last follow up was in November 2022.
CONCLUSION GISTs breast metastases are extremely rare, we described the second case. At the same time second primary tumors have been reported frequently in patients diagnosed with GISTs and breast cancer is one of the most common second primary tumors in patients with GISTs. That is why it is very important to distinguish primary from metastatic breast lesions. Surgery on local progression made it possible to resume less toxic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Filonenko
- Department of Oncology Chemotherapy, SBIH Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center Named After A.S.Loginov of DHM Moscow, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Nikolay Karnaukhov
- Department of Pathomorphology, SBIH "Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center Named After A.S. Loginov'' DHM, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Gurami Kvetenadze
- Department of Surgery, SBIH "Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center Named After A.S. Loginov'' DHM, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Zhukova
- Department of Oncology, SBIH "Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center Named After A.S. Loginov'' DHM, Moscow 111123, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Kurdi M, Mulla N, Malibary H, Bamaga AK, Fadul MM, Faizo E, Hakamy S, Baeesa S. Immune microenvironment of medulloblastoma: The association between its molecular subgroups and potential targeted immunotherapeutic receptors. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:117-130. [PMID: 37009528 PMCID: PMC10052334 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i3.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is considered the commonest malignant brain tumor in children. Multimodal treatments consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved patients’ survival. Nevertheless, the recurrence occurs in 30% of cases. The persistent mortality rates, the failure of current therapies to extend life expectancy, and the serious complications of non-targeted cytotoxic treatment indicate the need for more refined therapeutic approaches. Most MBs originating from the neurons of external granular layer line the outer surface of neocerebellum and responsible for the afferent and efferent connections. Recently, MBs have been segregated into four molecular subgroups: Wingless-activated (WNT-MB) (Group 1); Sonic-hedgehog-activated (SHH-MB) (Group 2); Group 3 and 4 MBs. These molecular alterations follow specific gene mutations and disease-risk stratifications. The current treatment protocols and ongoing clinical trials against these molecular subgroups are still using common chemotherapeutic agents by which their efficacy have improved the progression-free survival but did not change the overall survival. However, the need to explore new therapies targeting specific receptors in MB microenvironment became essential. The immune microenvironment of MBs consists of distinctive cellular heterogeneities including immune cells and none-immune cells. Tumour associate macrophage and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte are considered the main principal cells in tumour microenvironment, and their role are still under investigation. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of interaction between MB cells and immune cells in the microenvironment, with an overview of the recent investigations and clinical trials
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maher Kurdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 213733, Saudi Arabia
- Neuromuscular Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Mulla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Malibary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Bamaga
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motaz M Fadul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyad Faizo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabuk University, Tabuk 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Hakamy
- Neurmuscular Unit, Center of Excellence of Genomic Medicine, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Găman MA, Cozma MA, Manan MR, Srichawla BS, Dhali A, Ali S, Nahian A, Elton AC, Simhachalam Kutikuppala LV, Suteja RC, Diebel S, Găman AM, Diaconu CC. Budd-Chiari syndrome in myeloproliferative neoplasms: A review of literature. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:99-116. [PMID: 37009527 PMCID: PMC10052333 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are defined as clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell in which an exaggerated production of terminally differentiated myeloid cells occurs. Classical, Philadelphia-negative MPNs, i.e., polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis, exhibit a propensity towards the development of thrombotic complications that can occur in unusual sites, e.g., portal, splanchnic or hepatic veins, the placenta or cerebral sinuses. The pathogenesis of thrombotic events in MPNs is complex and requires an intricate mechanism involving endothelial injury, stasis, elevated leukocyte adhesion, integrins, neutrophil extracellular traps, somatic mutations (e.g., the V617F point mutation in the JAK2 gene), microparticles, circulating endothelial cells, and other factors, to name a few. Herein, we review the available data on Budd-Chiari syndrome in Philadelphia-negative MPNs, with a particular focus on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, risk factors, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest 022328, Romania
| | - Matei-Alexandru Cozma
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
| | | | - Bahadar S Srichawla
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Arkadeep Dhali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Nahian
- California Baptist University-Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Riverside, CA 92504, United States
| | - Andrew C Elton
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - L V Simhachalam Kutikuppala
- Department of General Surgery, Dr NTR University of Health Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, Vijayawada 520008, India
| | - Richard Christian Suteja
- Department of Undergraduate Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University Denpasar, Bali 80232, Indonesia
| | - Sebastian Diebel
- Department of Family Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine Timmins, Ontario 91762, Canada
| | - Amelia Maria Găman
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania & Clinic of Hematology, Filantropia City Hospital, Craiova 200143, Romania
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania & Internal Medicine Clinic, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest 105402, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Pavlidis ET, Pavlidis TE. New trends in the surgical management of soft tissue sarcoma: The role of preoperative biopsy. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:89-98. [PMID: 36908679 PMCID: PMC9993143 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) accounts for 1% of all malignant neoplasms in adults. Their diagnosis and management constitute a challenging target. They originate from the mesenchyme, and 50 subtypes with various cytogenetic profiles concerning soft tissue and bones have been recognized. These tumors mainly affect middle-aged adults but may be present at any age. Half of the patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and require systemic therapy. Tumors above 3-5 cm in size must be suspected of potential malignancy. A thorough history, clinical examination and imaging that must precede biopsy are necessary. Modern imaging techniques include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/CT. MRI findings may distinguish low-grade from high-grade STS based on a diagnostic score (tumor heterogeneity, intratumoral and peritumoral enhancement). A score ≥ 2 indicates a high-grade lesion, and a score ≤ 1 indicates a low-grade lesion. For disease staging, abdominal imaging is recommended to detect early abdominal or retroperitoneal metastases. Liquid biopsy by detecting genomic material in serum is a novel diagnostic tool. A preoperative biopsy is necessary for diagnosis, prognosis and optimal planning of surgical intervention. Core needle biopsy is the most indicative and effective. Its correct performance influences surgical management. An unsuccessful biopsy means the dissemination of cancer cells into healthy anatomical structures that ultimately affect resectability and survival. Complete therapeutic excision (R0) with an acceptable resection margin of 1 cm is the method of choice. However, near significant structures, i.e., vessels, nerves, an R2 resection (macroscopic margin involvement) preserving functionality but having a risk of local recurrence can be an acceptable choice, after informing the patient, to prevent an unavoidable amputation. For borderline resectability of the tumor, neoadjuvant chemo/radiotherapy has a place. Likewise, after surgical excision, adjuvant therapy is indicated, but chemotherapy in nonmetastatic disease is still debatable. The five-year survival rate reaches up to 55%. Reresection is considered after positive or uncertain resection margins. Current strategies are based on novel chemotherapeutic agents, improved radiotherapy applications to limit local side effects and targeted biological therapy or immunotherapy, including vaccines. Young age is a risk factor for distant metastasis within 6 mo following primary tumor resection. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy lasting 5-6 wk and surgical resection are indicated for high-grade STS (grade 2 or 3). Wide surgical excision alone may be acceptable for patients older than 70 years. However, locally advanced disease requires a multidisciplinary task of decision-making for amputation or limb salvage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theodoros E Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Eseadi C, Ngwu MO. Significance of music therapy in treating depression and anxiety disorders among people with cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:69-80. [PMID: 36908676 PMCID: PMC9993142 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cancer cases and mortality have recently escalated and have attracted global concern. The clinical diagnosis and manifestation of cancer can result in significant mental health issues like depression and anxiety disorders. The tendency of people with cancer to suffer from psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression is usually high. A significant number of deaths related to cancer may likely not be from the killer disease but from psychological disorders associated with the illness. The utilization of music as a remedial approach to healing mental disorders cannot be overstated. Thus, identifying the impacts of music therapy in dealing with depression and anxiety disorders among people with cancer is relevant, as the majority of methods used in treating cancer have some side effects which may trigger psychological disorders in cancer patients. Ultimately, this study explored the significance of music therapy in treating depression and anxiety disorders among people with cancer. To achieve the aim of this study, the authors employed a narrative literature review to investigate the significance of music therapy in addressing depression and anxiety disorders among people with cancer. The type of literature review employed in this study is to provide an understanding of the selected research papers. The review found that music therapy significantly reduces depression and anxiety disorders among breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer patients. It is needful for healthcare providers to incorporate music therapy interventions while treating people with cancer. This will help reduce cancer deaths resulting from psychological disorders rather than the killer disease, cancer. However, the standardized procedures and evaluation criteria for applying music-based intervention strategies in oncology medicine still need to be further established and improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiedu Eseadi
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng 2006, South Africa
| | - Millicent O Ngwu
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 41001, Enugu, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Imyanitov EN, Kuligina ES, Sokolenko AP, Suspitsin EN, Yanus GA, Iyevleva AG, Ivantsov AO, Aleksakhina SN. Hereditary cancer syndromes. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:40-68. [PMID: 36908677 PMCID: PMC9993141 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes (HCSs) are arguably the most frequent category of Mendelian genetic diseases, as at least 2% of presumably healthy subjects carry highly-penetrant tumor-predisposing pathogenic variants (PVs). Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer and Lynch syndrome make the highest contribution to cancer morbidity; in addition, there are several dozen less frequent types of familial tumors. The development of the majority albeit not all hereditary malignancies involves two-hit mechanism, i.e. the somatic inactivation of the remaining copy of the affected gene. Earlier studies on cancer families suggested nearly fatal penetrance for the majority of HCS genes; however, population-based investigations and especially large-scale next-generation sequencing data sets demonstrate that the presence of some highly-penetrant PVs is often compatible with healthy status. Hereditary cancer research initially focused mainly on cancer detection and prevention. Recent studies identified multiple HCS-specific drug vulnerabilities, which translated into the development of highly efficient therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Kuligina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Suspitsin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Grigoriy A Yanus
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Aglaya G Iyevleva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Alexandr O Ivantsov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Aleksakhina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Ma SX, Li L, Cai H, Guo TK, Zhang LS. Therapeutic challenge for immunotherapy targeting cold colorectal cancer: A narrative review. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:81-88. [PMID: 36908678 PMCID: PMC9993140 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold colorectal tumors are not likely to trigger a robust immune response and tend to suppress the immune response. There may be three reasons. First, the complex tumor microenvironment of cold colorectal cancer (CRC) leads to tolerance and clearance of immunotherapy. Second, the modification and concealment of tumor-specific targets in cold CRC cause immune escape and immune response interruption. Finally, the difference in number and function of immune cell subsets in patients with cold CRC makes them respond poorly to immunotherapy. Therefore, we can only overcome the challenges in immunotherapy of cold CRC through in-depth research and understanding the changes and mechanisms in the above three aspects of cold CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 73000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Scientific Research Division, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 73000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tian-Kang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 73000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lei-Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 73000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Technology and Biophysics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Xia QL, He XM, Ma Y, Li QY, Du YZ, Wang J. 5-mRNA-based prognostic signature of survival in lung adenocarcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:27-39. [PMID: 36699627 PMCID: PMC9850667 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common non-small-cell lung cancer, with a high incidence and a poor prognosis.
AIM To construct effective predictive models to evaluate the prognosis of LUAD patients.
METHODS In this study, we thoroughly mined LUAD genomic data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE43458, GSE32863, and GSE27262) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, including 698 LUAD and 172 healthy (or adjacent normal) lung tissue samples. Univariate regression and LASSO regression analyses were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to patient prognosis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to establish the risk score equation and construct the survival prognosis model. Receiver operating characteristic curve and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with clinically independent prognostic parameters were performed to verify the predictive power of the model and further establish a prognostic nomogram.
RESULTS A total of 380 DEGs were identified in LUAD tissues through GEO and TCGA datasets, and 5 DEGs (TCN1, CENPF, MAOB, CRTAC1 and PLEK2) were screened out by multivariate Cox regression analysis, indicating that the prognostic risk model could be used as an independent prognostic factor (Hazard ratio = 1.520, P < 0.001). Internal and external validation of the model confirmed that the prediction model had good sensitivity and specificity (Area under the curve = 0.754, 0.737). Combining genetic models and clinical prognostic factors, nomograms can also predict overall survival more effectively.
CONCLUSION A 5-mRNA-based model was constructed to predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, which may provide clinicians with reliable prognostic assessment tools and help clinical treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Lin Xia
- Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Meng He
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Li
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Du
- Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Wang XY, Beeraka NM, Xue NN, Yu HM, Yang Y, Liu MX, Nikolenko VN, Liu JQ, Zhao D. Identification of a three-gene prognostic signature for radioresistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:13-26. [PMID: 36699628 PMCID: PMC9850665 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is causing a high mortality rate due to the lack of efficient early prognosis markers and suitable therapeutic regimens. The prognostic role of genes responsible for the acquisition of radioresistance in ESCC has not been fully elucidated.
AIM To establish a prognostic model by studying gene expression patterns pertinent to radioresistance in ESCC patients.
METHODS Datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. The edgeR, a Bioconductor package, was used to analyze mRNA expression between different groups. We screened genes specifically responsible for radioresistance to estimate overall survival. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to confirm whether the expression of those genes correlated with each other. Genes contributing to radioresistance and overall survival were assessed by the multivariate Cox regression model through the calculation of βi and risk score using the following formula: .
RESULTS We identified three prognostic mRNAs (cathepsin S [CTSS], cluster of differentiation 180 [CD180], and SLP adapter and CSK-interacting membrane protein [SCIMP]) indicative of radioresistance. The expression of the three identified mRNAs was related to each other (r > 0.70 and P < 0.05). As to 1-year and 3-year overall survival prediction, the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve of the signature consisting of the three mRNAs was 0.716 and 0.841, respectively. When stratifying patients based on the risk score derived from the signature, the high-risk group exhibited a higher death risk and shorter survival time than the low-risk group (P < 0.0001). Overall survival of the low-risk patients was significantly better than that of the high-risk patients (P = 0.018).
CONCLUSION We have developed a novel three-gene prognostic signature consisting of CTSS, CD180, and SCIMO for ESCC, which may facilitate the prediction of early prognosis of this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Nan-Nan Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Ming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 065005, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Mao-Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jun-Qi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Suzuki H, Tsujinaka S, Sato Y, Miura T, Shibata C. Oncologic impact of colonic stents for obstructive left-sided colon cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:1-12. [PMID: 36699626 PMCID: PMC9850666 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonic stenting has had a significant positive impact on the management of obstructive left-sided colon cancer (OLCC) in terms of both palliative treatment and bridge-to-surgery (BTS). Notably, many studies have convincingly demonstrated the effectiveness of stenting as a BTS, resulting in improvements in short-term outcomes and quality of life, safety, and efficacy in subsequent curative surgery, and increased cost-effectiveness, whereas the safety of chemotherapy after stenting and the long-term outcomes of stenting as a BTS are controversial. Several studies have suggested an increased risk of perforation in patients receiving bevacizumab chemotherapy after colonic stenting. In addition, several pathological analyses have suggested a negative oncological impact of colonic stenting. In contrast, many recent studies have demonstrated that colonic stenting for OLCC does not negatively impact the safety of chemotherapy or long-term oncological outcomes. The updated version of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines released in 2020 included colonic stenting as a BTS for OLCC as a recommended treatment. It should be noted that the experience of endoscopists is involved in determining technical and clinical success rates and possibly oncological outcomes. This review discusses the positive and negative impacts of colonic stenting on OLCC treatment, particularly in terms of oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shingo Tsujinaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chikashi Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Pattarajierapan S, Sukphol N, Junmitsakul K, Khomvilai S. Oncologic safety of colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery in left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: Current evidence and prospects. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:943-956. [PMID: 36618077 PMCID: PMC9813833 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i12.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 7%-29% of patients with colorectal cancer present with colonic obstruction. The concept of self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) insertion as a bridge to surgery (BTS) is appealing. However, concerns on colonic stenting possibly impairing oncologic outcomes have been raised. This study aimed to review current evidence on the short- and long-term oncologic outcomes of SEMS insertion as BTS for left-sided malignant colonic obstruction. For short-term outcomes, colonic stenting facilitates a laparoscopic approach, increases the likelihood of primary anastomosis without a stoma, and may decrease postoperative morbidity. However, SEMS-related perforation also increases local recurrence and impairs overall survival. Moreover, colonic stenting may cause negative oncologic outcomes even without perforation. SEMS can induce shear forces on the tumor, leading to increased circulating cancer cells and aggressive pathological characteristics, including perineural and lymphovascular invasion. The conflicting evidence has led to discordant guidelines. Well-designed collaborative studies that integrate both oncologic outcomes and data on basic research (e.g., alteration of circulating tumors) are needed to clarify the actual benefit of colonic stenting as BTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukit Pattarajierapan
- Surgical Endoscopy Colorectal Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattapanee Sukphol
- Surgical Endoscopy Colorectal Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Karuna Junmitsakul
- Surgical Endoscopy Colorectal Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supakij Khomvilai
- Surgical Endoscopy Colorectal Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|