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Mancuso C, Tremblay E, Gnodi E, Jean S, Beaulieu JF, Barisani D. The Combination of Gold and Silver Food Nanoparticles with Gluten Peptides Alters the Autophagic Pathway in Intestinal Crypt-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13040. [PMID: 37685847 PMCID: PMC10487529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (mNPs) are widely used as food additives and can interact with gliadin triggering an immune response, but evaluation of the effects on crypts, hypertrophic in celiac subjects, is still lacking. This study evaluated the effects of gold and silver mNPs in combination with gliadin on crypt-like cells (HIEC-6). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to evaluate gliadin-mNP aggregates in cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis assessed autophagy-related molecule levels (p62, LC3, beclin-1, EGFR). Lysosome functionality was tested with acridine orange (AO) and Magic Red assays. TEM identified an increase in autophagic vacuoles after exposure to gliadin + mNPs, as also detected by significant increments in LC3-II and p62 expression. Immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of mature autophagosomes, showing LC3 and p62 colocalization, indicating an altered autophagic flux, further assessed with EGFR degradation, AO and Magic Red assays. The results showed a significant reduction in lysosomal enzyme activity and a modest reduction in acidity. Thus, gliadin + mNPs can block the autophagic flux inducing a lysosomal defect. The alteration of this pathway, essential for cell function, can lead to cell damage and death. The potential effects of this copresence in food should be further characterized to avoid a negative impact on celiac disease subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mancuso
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (E.G.)
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada; (E.T.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Eric Tremblay
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada; (E.T.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Elisa Gnodi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Steve Jean
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada;
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada; (E.T.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (E.G.)
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2
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Vitulo M, Gnodi E, Rosini G, Meneveri R, Giovannoni R, Barisani D. Current Therapeutical Approaches Targeting Lipid Metabolism in NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12748. [PMID: 37628929 PMCID: PMC10454602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, including nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) is a high-prevalence disorder, affecting about 1 billion people, which can evolve to more severe conditions like cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is often concomitant with conditions of the metabolic syndrome, such as central obesity and insulin-resistance, but a specific drug able to revert NAFL and prevent its evolution towards NASH is still lacking. With the liver being a key organ in metabolic processes, the potential therapeutic strategies are many, and range from directly targeting the lipid metabolism to the prevention of tissue inflammation. However, side effects have been reported for the drugs tested up to now. In this review, different approaches to the treatment of NAFLD are presented, including newer therapies and ongoing clinical trials. Particular focus is placed on the reverse cholesterol transport system and on the agonists for nuclear factors like PPAR and FXR, but also drugs initially developed for other conditions such as incretins and thyromimetics along with validated natural compounds that have anti-inflammatory potential. This work provides an overview of the different therapeutic strategies currently being tested for NAFLD, other than, or along with, the recommendation of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Vitulo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Elisa Gnodi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Giulia Rosini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56021 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56021 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
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3
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Binatti E, Gerussi A, Barisani D, Invernizzi P. The Role of Macrophages in Liver Fibrosis: New Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6649. [PMID: 35743092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the hallmark of fibrotic disorders and is characterized by the activation of immune cells in the damaged tissues. Macrophages have emerged as central players in the fibrotic process since they initiate, sustain and amplify the inflammatory reaction. As regards the liver, distinct populations of phagocytic cells, like Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages, are indisputably key cells implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic liver diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the origin, role and functions of macrophages in fibrotic conditions, with a specific focus on liver fibrosis; then, we discuss some innovative therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages in fibrotic liver diseases.
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4
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Vitulo M, Gnodi E, Meneveri R, Barisani D. Interactions between Nanoparticles and Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4339. [PMID: 35457155 PMCID: PMC9024817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has surely grown in recent years due to their versatility, with a spectrum of applications that range from nanomedicine to the food industry. Recent research focuses on the development of NPs for the oral administration route rather than the intravenous one, placing the interactions between NPs and the intestine at the centre of the attention. This allows the NPs functionalization to exploit the different characteristics of the digestive tract, such as the different pH, the intestinal mucus layer, or the intestinal absorption capacity. On the other hand, these same characteristics can represent a problem for their complexity, also considering the potential interactions with the food matrix or the microbiota. This review intends to give a comprehensive look into three main branches of NPs delivery through the oral route: the functionalization of NPs drug carriers for systemic targets, with the case of insulin carriers as an example; NPs for the delivery of drugs locally active in the intestine, for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer; finally, the potential concerns and side effects of the accidental and uncontrolled exposure to NPs employed as food additives, with focus on E171 (titanium dioxide) and E174 (silver NPs).
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Elli L, Barisani D, Vaira V, Bardella MT, Topa M, Vecchi M, Doneda L, Scricciolo A, Lombardo V, Roncoroni L. Correction to: How to manage celiac disease and gluten-free diet during the COVID-19 era: proposals from a tertiary referral center in a high-incidence scenario. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:86. [PMID: 35227221 PMCID: PMC8883246 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bardella
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Topa
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Doneda
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Scricciolo
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Lombardo
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Roncoroni
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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6
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Ongaro A, Violatto MB, Casarin E, Pellerani I, Marchini G, Ribaudo G, Salmona M, Carbone M, Passoni A, Gnodi E, Schiavon E, Mattarei A, Barisani D, Invernizzi P, Bigini P, Morpurgo M. The mode of dexamethasone decoration influences avidin-nucleic-acid-nano-assembly organ biodistribution and in vivo drug persistence. Nanomedicine 2022; 40:102497. [PMID: 34838993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-NanoASsemblies (ANANAS) possess natural tropism for the liver and, when loaded with dexamethasone, reduce clinical progression in an autoimmune hepatitis murine model. Here, we investigated the linker chemistry (hydrazide-hydrazone, Hz-Hz, or carbamate hydrazide-hydrazone, Cb-Hz bond) and length (long, 5 kDa PEG, or short, 5-6 carbons) in biotin-dexamethasone conjugates used for nanoparticle decoration through in vitro and in vivo studies. All four newly synthesized conjugates released the drug at acidic pH only. In vitro, the Hz-Hz and the PEG derivatives were less stable than the Cb-Hz and the short chain ones, respectively. Once injected in healthy mice, dexamethasone location in the PEGylated ANANAS outer layer favors liver penetration and resident macrophages uptake, while drug Hz-Hz, but not Cb-Hz, short spacing prolongs drug availability. In conclusion, the tight modulation of ANANAS decoration can significantly influence the host interaction, paving the way for the development of steroid nanoformulations suitable for different pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ongaro
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Bruna Violatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Pellerani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gloria Marchini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Carbone
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; International Center for Digestive Diseases
| | - Alice Passoni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Gnodi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; International Center for Digestive Diseases
| | - Elisa Schiavon
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; International Center for Digestive Diseases
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; International Center for Digestive Diseases
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Morpurgo
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Cente, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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7
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Gnodi E, Meneveri R, Barisani D. Celiac disease: From genetics to epigenetics. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:449-463. [PMID: 35125829 PMCID: PMC8790554 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i4.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder spread worldwide. The exposure to gluten, a protein found in cereals like wheat, barley and rye, is the main environmental factor involved in its pathogenesis. Even if the genetic predisposition represented by HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 haplotypes is widely recognised as mandatory for CeD development, it is not enough to explain the total predisposition for the disease. Furthermore, the onset of CeD comprehend a wide spectrum of symptoms, that often leads to a delay in CeD diagnosis. To overcome this deficiency and help detecting people with increased risk for CeD, also clarifying CeD traits linked to disease familiarity, different studies have tried to make light on other predisposing elements. These were in many cases genetic variants shared with other autoimmune diseases. Since inherited traits can be regulated by epigenetic modifications, also induced by environmental factors, the most recent studies focused on the potential involvement of epigenetics in CeD. Epigenetic factors can in fact modulate gene expression with many mechanisms, generating more or less stable changes in gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence. Here we analyze the different epigenetic modifications in CeD, in particular DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs and RNA methylation. Special attention is dedicated to the additional predispositions to CeD, the involvement of epigenetics in developing CeD complications, the pathogenic pathways modulated by epigenetic factors such as microRNAs and the potential use of epigenetic profiling as biomarker to discriminate different classes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gnodi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
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8
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Elli L, Facciotti F, Lombardo V, Scricciolo A, Sanders DS, Vaira V, Barisani D, Vecchi M, Costantino A, Scaramella L, dell'Osso B, Doneda L, Roncoroni L. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin profile in patients with celiac disease living in a high incidence area. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:3-9. [PMID: 34561158 PMCID: PMC8429410 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM How symptoms and antibodies related to SARS-CoV-2 infection develop in patients with celiac disease (CD) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD patients. METHODS CD patients were interviewed about the development of COVID-19 symptoms, compliance with anti-virus measures and adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA (anti-RBD and N proteins) was compared to that in non-CD subjects. Expression of the duodenal ACE2 receptor was investigated. When available, data on duodenal histology, anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTGA), comorbidities and GFD adherence were analyzed. RESULTS Of 362 CD patients, 42 (12%) reported COVID-19 symptoms and 21% of these symptomatic patients presented anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig. Overall, 18% of CD patients showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig versus 25% of controls (p = 0.18). CD patients had significantly lower levels of anti-N IgA. tTGA, duodenal atrophy, GFD adherence or other comorbidities did not influence symptoms and/or antibodies. The ACE2 receptor was detected in the non-atrophic duodenal mucosa of patients; atrophy was associated with lower expression of the ACE2 receptor. CONCLUSION CD patients have an anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig profile similar to non-celiac controls, except for anti-N IgA. No risk factors were identified among CD parameters and GFD adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Facciotti
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Lombardo
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Scricciolo
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - David S Sanders
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Scaramella
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy; ″Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; CRC Molecular Basis of Neuro-Psycho-Geriatrics Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luisa Doneda
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Roncoroni
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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9
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Tan IL, Coutinho de Almeida R, Modderman R, Stachurska A, Dekens J, Barisani D, Meijer CR, Roca M, Martinez-Ojinaga E, Shamir R, Auricchio R, Korponay-Szabó IR, Castillejo G, Szajewska H, Koletzko S, Zhernakova A, Kumar V, Li Y, Visschedijk MC, Weersma RK, Troncone R, Mearin ML, Wijmenga C, Jonkers I, Withoff S. Circulating miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Celiac Disease Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734763. [PMID: 34950132 PMCID: PMC8688806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Celiac disease (CeD), an immune-mediated disease with enteropathy triggered by gluten, affects ~1% of the general European population. Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict CeD development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation, and certain disease- and stage-specific miRNA profiles have been found previously. We aimed to investigate whether circulating miRNAs can predict the development of CeD. Methods Using next-generation miRNA-sequencing, we determined miRNAs in >200 serum samples from 53 participants of the PreventCD study, of whom 33 developed CeD during follow-up. Following study inclusion at 3 months of age, samples were drawn at predefined ages, diagnosis (first anti-transglutaminase antibody (TGA) positivity or diagnostic biopsy) and after the start of a gluten-free diet (GFD). This allowed identification of circulating miRNAs that are deregulated before TGA positivity. For validation of the biomarkers for CeD and GFD response, two additional cohorts were included in subsequent meta-analyses. Additionally, miRNAs were measured in duodenal biopsies in a case-control cohort. Results 53 circulating miRNAs were increased (27) or decreased (26) in CeD versus controls. We assessed specific trends in these individual miRNAs in the PreventCD cohort by grouping the pre-diagnostic samples of the CeD patients (all had negative TGA) by how close to seroconversion (first sample positive TGA) the samples were taken. 8/53 miRNAs differed significantly between controls and samples taken <1 year before TGA positivity: miR-21-3p, miR-374a-5p, 144-3p, miR-500a-3p, miR-486-3p let-7d-3p, let-7e-5p and miR-3605-3p. 6/26 downregulated miRNAs reconstituted upon GFD, including miR-150-5p/-3p, whereas no upregulated miRNAs were downregulated upon GFD. 15/53 biomarker candidates also differed between CeD biopsies and controls, with a concordant direction, indicating that these circulating miRNAs might originate from the intestine. Conclusions We identified 53 circulating miRNAs that are potential early biomarkers for CeD, of which several can be detected more than a year before TGA positivity and some start to normalize upon GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke L Tan
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rutger Modderman
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jackie Dekens
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Center of Development and Innovation, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Caroline R Meijer
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - María Roca
- Celiac Disease and Digestive Immunopathology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Martinez-Ojinaga
- Celiac Disease and Digestive Immunopathology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, La Fe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilma R Korponay-Szabó
- Coeliac Disease Center, Heim Pál National Paediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary and Dept. of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gemma Castillejo
- Unitat de gastroenterologia pediàtrica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Klinikum Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marijn C Visschedijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Luisa Mearin
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Iris Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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10
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Tan IL, Barisani D, Panceri R, Modderman R, Visschedijk M, Weersma RK, Wijmenga C, Jonkers I, Coutinho de Almeida R, Withoff S. A Combined mRNA- and miRNA-Sequencing Approach Reveals miRNAs as Potential Regulators of the Small Intestinal Transcriptome in Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11382. [PMID: 34768815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is triggered by gluten and results in inflammation and villous atrophy of the small intestine. We aimed to explore the role of miRNA-mediated deregulation of the transcriptome in CeD. Duodenal biopsies of CeD patients (n = 33) and control subjects (n = 10) were available for miRNA-sequencing, with RNA-sequencing also available for controls (n = 5) and CeD (n = 6). Differential expression analysis was performed to select CeD-associated miRNAs and genes. MiRNA‒target transcript pairs selected from public databases that also displayed a strong negative expression correlation in the current dataset (R < -0.7) were used to construct a CeD miRNA‒target transcript interaction network. The network includes 2030 miRNA‒target transcript interactions, including 423 experimentally validated pairs. Pathway analysis found that interactions are involved in immune-related pathways (e.g., interferon signaling) and metabolic pathways (e.g., lipid metabolism). The network includes 13 genes previously prioritized to be causally deregulated by CeD-associated genomic variants, including STAT1. CeD-associated miRNAs might play a role in promoting inflammation and decreasing lipid metabolism in the small intestine, thereby contributing unbalanced cell turnover in the intestinal crypt. Some CeD-associated miRNAs deregulate genes that are also affected by genomic CeD-risk variants, adding an additional layer of complexity to the deregulated transcriptome in CeD.
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11
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Viganò C, Mulinacci G, Palermo A, Barisani D, Pirola L, Fichera M, Invernizzi P, Massironi S. Impact of COVID-19 on inflammatory bowel disease practice and perspectives for the future. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5520-5535. [PMID: 34588749 PMCID: PMC8433611 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i33.5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); since its first description in December 2019, it has rapidly spread to a global pandemic. Specific concerns have been raised concerning patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which are chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorders of the gut that frequently require immunosuppressive and biological therapies to control their activity. Accumulating evidence has so far demonstrated that patients with IBD are not at increased risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. As for the general population, the identified risk factors for severe COVID-19 course among IBD patients have been established to be advanced age and the presence of comorbidities. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids has also been associated with an increased risk of death in IBD patients with COVID-19. Information on COVID-19 is constantly evolving, with data growing at a rapid pace. This will guarantee better knowledge and stronger evidence to help physicians in the choice of the best therapeutic approach for each patient, concurrently controlling for the risk of IBD disease under treatment and the risk of COVID-19 adverse outcomes and balancing the two. Moreover, the impact of the enormous number of severe respiratory patients on healthcare systems and facilities has led to an unprecedented redeployment of healthcare resources, significantly impacting the care of patients with chronic diseases. In this newly changed environment, the primary aim is to avoid harm whilst still providing adequate management. Telemedicine has been applied and is strongly encouraged for patients without the necessity of infusion therapy and whose conditions are stable. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has already revolutionized the management of patients with chronic immune-mediated diseases such as IBD. Direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will be present for some time. This is the reason why continuous research, rapid solutions and constantly updated guidelines are of utmost importance. The aim of the present review is, therefore, to point out what has been learned so far as well as to pinpoint the unanswered questions and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Viganò
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mulinacci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Lorena Pirola
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Maria Fichera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Sara Massironi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
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12
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Cristoferi L, Calvaruso V, Overi D, Viganò M, Rigamonti C, Degasperi E, Cardinale V, Labanca S, Zucchini N, Fichera A, Di Marco V, Leutner M, Venere R, Picciotto A, Lucà M, Mulinacci G, Palermo A, Gerussi A, D’Amato D, Elisabeth O’Donnell S, Cerini F, De Benedittis C, Malinverno F, Ronca V, Mancuso C, Cazzagon N, Ciaccio A, Barisani D, Marzioni M, Floreani A, Alvaro D, Gaudio E, Invernizzi P, Carpino G, Nardi A, Carbone M. Accuracy of Transient Elastography in Assessing Fibrosis at Diagnosis in Naïve Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Dual Cut-Off Approach. Hepatology 2021; 74:1496-1508. [PMID: 33724515 PMCID: PMC8518641 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver fibrosis holds a relevant prognostic meaning in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Noninvasive fibrosis evaluation using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is routinely performed. However, there is limited evidence on its accuracy at diagnosis in PBC. We aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of VCTE in assessing advanced fibrosis (AF) at disease presentation in PBC. APPROACH AND RESULTS We collected data from 167 consecutive treatment-naïve PBC patients who underwent liver biopsy (LB) at diagnosis at six Italian centers. VCTE examinations were completed within 12 weeks of LB. Biopsies were scored by two blinded expert pathologists, according to the Ludwig system. Diagnostic accuracy was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for AF (Ludwig stage ≥III). Effects of biochemical and clinical parameters on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were appraised. The derivation cohort consisted of 126 patients with valid LSM and LB; VCTE identified patients with AF with an AUROC of 0.89. LSM cutoffs ≤6.5 and >11.0 kPa enabled to exclude and confirm, respectively, AF (negative predictive value [NPV] = 0.94; positive predictive value [PPV] = 0.89; error rate = 5.6%). These values were externally validated in an independent cohort of 91 PBC patients (NPV = 0.93; PPV = 0.89; error rate = 8.6%). Multivariable analysis found that the only parameter affecting LSM was fibrosis stage. No association was found with BMI and liver biochemistry. CONCLUSIONS In a multicenter study of treatment-naïve PBC patients, we identified two cutoffs (LSM ≤6.5 and >11.0 kPa) able to discriminate at diagnosis the absence or presence, respectively, of AF in PBC patients, with external validation. In patients with LSM between these two cutoffs, VCTE is not reliable and liver biopsy should be evaluated for accurate disease staging. BMI and liver biochemistry did not affect LSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cristoferi
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly,Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre‐B4School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milan‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Vincenza Calvaruso
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISEUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Mauro Viganò
- Division of HepatologyOspedale San GiuseppeUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Cristina Rigamonti
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”NovaraItaly
| | - Elisabetta Degasperi
- CRC “A. M. e A. Migliavacca” Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico‐Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesPolo Pontino “Sapienza” University of RomeLatinaItaly
| | - Sara Labanca
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | | | - Anna Fichera
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISEUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISEUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | - Rosanna Venere
- Department of Precision and Translational MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Martina Lucà
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Giacomo Mulinacci
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Alessio Gerussi
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Daphne D’Amato
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Sarah Elisabeth O’Donnell
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Federica Cerini
- Division of HepatologyOspedale San GiuseppeUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Carla De Benedittis
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”NovaraItaly
| | - Federica Malinverno
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Vincenzo Ronca
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Clara Mancuso
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Nora Cazzagon
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Antonio Ciaccio
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Donatella Barisani
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Department of GastroenterologyUniversità Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Annarosa Floreani
- Studiosa SeniorUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly,Scientific ConsultantIRCCS NegrarVeronaItaly
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Medico‐Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesPolo Pontino “Sapienza” University of RomeLatinaItaly
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health ScienceUniversity of Rome “Foro Italico”RomeItaly
| | - Alessandra Nardi
- Department of MathematicsUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Marco Carbone
- Division of GastroenterologyCenter for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
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13
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Mancuso C, Re F, Rivolta I, Elli L, Gnodi E, Beaulieu JF, Barisani D. Dietary Nanoparticles Interact with Gluten Peptides and Alter the Intestinal Homeostasis Increasing the Risk of Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6102. [PMID: 34198897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of metallic nanoparticles (mNPs) into the diet is a matter of concern for human health. In particular, their effect on the gastrointestinal tract may potentially lead to the increased passage of gluten peptides and the activation of the immune response. In consequence, dietary mNPs could play a role in the increasing worldwide celiac disease (CeD) incidence. We evaluated the potential synergistic effects that peptic-tryptic-digested gliadin (PT) and the most-used food mNPs may induce on the intestinal mucosa. PT interaction with mNPs and their consequent aggregation was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses and UV–Vis spectra. In vitro experiments on Caco-2 cells proved the synergistic cytotoxic effect of PT and mNPs, as well as alterations in the monolayer integrity and tight junction proteins. Exposure of duodenal biopsies to gliadin plus mNPs triggered cytokine production, but only in CeD biopsies. These results suggest that mNPs used in the food sector may alter intestinal homeostasis, thus representing an additional environmental risk factor for the development of CeD.
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14
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Asselta R, Paraboschi EM, Gerussi A, Cordell HJ, Mells GF, Sandford RN, Jones DE, Nakamura M, Ueno K, Hitomi Y, Kawashima M, Nishida N, Tokunaga K, Nagasaki M, Tanaka A, Tang R, Li Z, Shi Y, Liu X, Xiong M, Hirschfield G, Siminovitch KA, Carbone M, Cardamone G, Duga S, Gershwin ME, Seldin MF, Invernizzi P. X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:2483-2495.e26. [PMID: 33675743 PMCID: PMC8169555 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genome-wide association studies in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have failed to find X chromosome (chrX) variants associated with the disease. Here, we specifically explore the chrX contribution to PBC, a sexually dimorphic complex autoimmune disease. METHODS We performed a chrX-wide association study, including genotype data from 5 genome-wide association studies (from Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Japan; 5244 case patients and 11,875 control individuals). RESULTS Single-marker association analyses found approximately 100 loci displaying P < 5 × 10-4, with the most significant being a signal within the OTUD5 gene (rs3027490; P = 4.80 × 10-6; odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.028-1.88; Japanese cohort). Although the transethnic meta-analysis evidenced only a suggestive signal (rs2239452, mapping within the PIM2 gene; OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26; P = 9.93 × 10-8), the population-specific meta-analysis showed a genome-wide significant locus in East Asian individuals pointing to the same region (rs7059064, mapping within the GRIPAP1 gene; P = 6.2 × 10-9; OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.46). Indeed, rs7059064 tags a unique linkage disequilibrium block including 7 genes: TIMM17B, PQBP1, PIM2, SLC35A2, OTUD5, KCND1, and GRIPAP1, as well as a superenhancer (GH0XJ048933 within OTUD5) targeting all these genes. GH0XJ048933 is also predicted to target FOXP3, the main T-regulatory cell lineage specification factor. Consistently, OTUD5 and FOXP3 RNA levels were up-regulated in PBC case patients (1.75- and 1.64-fold, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This work represents the first comprehensive study, to our knowledge, of the chrX contribution to the genetics of an autoimmune liver disease and shows a novel PBC-related genome-wide significant locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvezia M Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Gerussi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - George F Mells
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard N Sandford
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E Jones
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ueno
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Hitomi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minae Kawashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Nishida
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Human Biosciences Unit for the Top Global Course Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ma Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Gideon Hirschfield
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine A Siminovitch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute and Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Carbone
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Cardamone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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15
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Gerussi A, Natalini A, Antonangeli F, Mancuso C, Agostinetto E, Barisani D, Di Rosa F, Andrade R, Invernizzi P. Immune-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Immunogenetics and Experimental Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4557. [PMID: 33925355 PMCID: PMC8123708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a challenging clinical event in medicine, particularly because of its ability to present with a variety of phenotypes including that of autoimmune hepatitis or other immune mediated liver injuries. Limited diagnostic and therapeutic tools are available, mostly because its pathogenesis has remained poorly understood for decades. The recent scientific and technological advancements in genomics and immunology are paving the way for a better understanding of the molecular aspects of DILI. This review provides an updated overview of the genetic predisposition and immunological mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of DILI and presents the state-of-the-art experimental models to study DILI at the pre-clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gerussi
- Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.I.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (F.A.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (F.A.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Clara Mancuso
- Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.I.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Agostinetto
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, L’Universite’ Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.I.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (F.A.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Raul Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), UGC Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.B.); (P.I.)
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Gnodi E, Mancuso C, Elli L, Ballarini E, Meneveri R, Beaulieu JF, Barisani D. Gliadin, through the Activation of Innate Immunity, Triggers lncRNA NEAT1 Expression in Celiac Disease Duodenal Mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031289. [PMID: 33525473 PMCID: PMC7865487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy arising in genetically predisposed subjects exposed to gluten, which activates both innate and adaptive immunity. Although the pathogenesis is common to all patients, the clinical spectrum is quite variable, and differences could be explained by gene expression variations. Among the factors able to affect gene expression, there are lncRNAs. We evaluated the expression profile of 87 lncRNAs in CD vs. healthy control (HC) intestinal biopsies by RT-qPCR array. Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) were detected as downregulated in CD patients at diagnosis, but their expression increased in biopsies of patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD) exposed to gluten. The increase in NEAT1 expression after gluten exposure was mediated by IL-15 and STAT3 activation and binding to the NEAT1 promoter, as demonstrated by gel shift assay. NEAT1 is localized in the nucleus and can regulate gene expression by sequestering transcription factors, and it has been implicated in immune regulation and control of cell proliferation. The demonstration of its regulation by gluten thus also supports the role of lncRNAs in CD and prompts further research on these RNAs as gene expression regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gnodi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.G.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Clara Mancuso
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.G.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Luca Elli
- Centre for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elisa Ballarini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.G.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.G.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Jean François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.G.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264488304
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17
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Elli L, Barisani D, Vaira V, Bardella MT, Topa M, Vecchi M, Doneda L, Scricciolo A, Lombardo V, Roncoroni L. How to manage celiac disease and gluten-free diet during the COVID-19 era: proposals from a tertiary referral center in a high-incidence scenario. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:387. [PMID: 33213379 PMCID: PMC7675390 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading worldwide as the first coronavirus pandemic. The clinical picture is variable but flu-like symptoms are common with bilateral interstitial pneumonia being the most frightening presentation. No specific therapies nor vaccine have been developed to date and the only way to limit the virus diffusion is by modifying one's lifestyle limiting social life and following strict hygienic precautions. No data is available on the risk of COVID-19 and its outcomes in celiac disease (CeD). The restrictions applied to counter COVID-19 can impact on CeD treatment and gluten-free dieting, the only available therapy for CeD. With the present manuscript, we aim to support gastroenterologists and nutritionists in the management of CeD patients in the new pandemic scenario, being conscious that availability and local situations are extremely various.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bardella
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Topa
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Doneda
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Scricciolo
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Lombardo
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Roncoroni
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Zorro MM, Aguirre-Gamboa R, Mayassi T, Ciszewski C, Barisani D, Hu S, Weersma RK, Withoff S, Li Y, Wijmenga C, Jabri B, Jonkers IH. Tissue alarmins and adaptive cytokine induce dynamic and distinct transcriptional responses in tissue-resident intraepithelial cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Autoimmun 2020; 108:102422. [PMID: 32033836 PMCID: PMC7049906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The respective effects of tissue alarmins interleukin (IL)-15 and interferon beta (IFNβ), and IL-21 produced by T cells on the reprogramming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that cause tissue destruction in celiac disease is poorly understood. Transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling of primary intestinal CTLs showed massive and distinct temporal transcriptional changes in response to tissue alarmins, while the impact of IL-21 was limited. Only anti-viral pathways were induced in response to all the three stimuli, albeit with differences in dynamics and strength. Moreover, changes in gene expression were primarily independent of changes in H3K27ac, suggesting that other regulatory mechanisms drive the robust transcriptional response. Finally, we found that IL-15/IFNβ/IL-21 transcriptional signatures could be linked to transcriptional alterations in risk loci for complex immune diseases. Together these results provide new insights into molecular mechanisms that fuel the activation of CTLs under conditions that emulate the inflammatory environment in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Zorro
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raul Aguirre-Gamboa
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Toufic Mayassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | | | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover Medical School. Hannover, Germany
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
| | - Iris H Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Mancuso C, Barisani D. Food additives can act as triggering factors in celiac disease: Current knowledge based on a critical review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:917-927. [PMID: 31119137 PMCID: PMC6509268 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i8.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder, mainly affecting the small intestine, triggered by the ingestion of gluten with the diet in subjects with a specific genetic status. The passage of gluten peptides through the intestinal barrier, the uptake by antigen presenting cells and their presentation to T cells represent essential steps in the pathogenesis of the disease. CeD prevalence varies in different populations, but a tendency to increase has been observed in various studies in recent years. A higher amount of gluten in modern grains could explain this increased frequency, but also food processing could play a role in this phenomenon. In particular, the common use of preservatives such as nanoparticles could intervene in the pathogenesis of CeD, due to their possible effect on the integrity of the intestinal barrier, immune response or microbiota. In fact, these alterations have been reported after exposure to metal nanoparticles, which are commonly used as preservatives or to improve food texture, consistency and color. This review will focus on the interactions between several food additives and the intestine, taking into account data obtained in vitro and in vivo, and analyzing their effect in respect to the development of CeD in genetically predisposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mancuso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
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20
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Violatto MB, Casarin E, Talamini L, Russo L, Baldan S, Tondello C, Messmer M, Hintermann E, Rossi A, Passoni A, Bagnati R, Biffi S, Toffanin C, Gimondi S, Fumagalli S, De Simoni MG, Barisani D, Salmona M, Christen U, Invernizzi P, Bigini P, Morpurgo M. Dexamethasone Conjugation to Biodegradable Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-Nano-Assemblies Promotes Selective Liver Targeting and Improves Therapeutic Efficacy in an Autoimmune Hepatitis Murine Model. ACS Nano 2019; 13:4410-4423. [PMID: 30883091 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are the standard therapy for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) but the long-lasting administration is hampered by severe side effects. Methods to improve the tropism of the drug toward the liver are therefore required. Among them, conjugation to nanoparticles represents one possible strategy. In this study, we exploited the natural liver tropism of Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-Nano-Assemblies (ANANAS) to carry dexamethasone selectively to the liver in an AIH animal model. An acid-labile biotin-hydrazone linker was developed for reversible dexamethasone loading onto ANANAS. The biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of free and ANANAS-linked dexamethasone (ANANAS-Hz-Dex) in healthy and AIH mice were investigated upon intraperitoneal administration. In ANANAS-treated animals, the free drug was detected only in the liver. Super-resolution microscopy showed that nanoparticles segregate inside lysosomes of liver immunocompetent cells, mainly involved in AIH progression. In agreement with these observational results, chronic low-dose treatment with ANANAS-Hz-Dex reduced the expression of liver inflammation markers and, in contrast to the free drug, also the levels of circulating AIH-specific autoantibodies. These data suggest that the ANANAS carrier attenuates AIH-related liver damage without drug accumulation in off-site tissues. The safety and biodegradability of the ANANAS carrier make this formulation a promising tool for the treatment of autoimmune liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bruna Violatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | | | - Laura Talamini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Simone Baldan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , 35131 , Italy
| | - Camilla Tondello
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , 35131 , Italy
| | - Marie Messmer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , 60488 , Germany
| | - Edith Hintermann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , 60488 , Germany
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Alice Passoni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Stefania Biffi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo″ , Trieste , 34137 , Italy
| | - Chiara Toffanin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Sara Gimondi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Urs Christen
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES , Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , 60488 , Germany
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Margherita Morpurgo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , 35131 , Italy
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Romano G, Reggi S, Kutryb-Zajac B, Facoetti A, Chisci E, Pettinato M, Giuffrè MR, Vecchio F, Leoni S, De Giorgi M, Avezza F, Cadamuro M, Crippa L, Leone BE, Lavitrano M, Rivolta I, Barisani D, Smolenski RT, Giovannoni R. APOA-1Milano muteins, orally delivered via genetically modified rice, show anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in Apoe -/- atherosclerotic mice. Int J Cardiol 2018; 271:233-9. [PMID: 29907443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a slowly progressing, chronic multifactorial disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, and fibrous tissue that drives to the formation of asymmetric focal thickenings in the tunica intima of large and mid-sized arteries. Despite the high therapeutic potential of ApoA-1 proteins, the purification and delivery into the disordered organisms of these drugs is still limited by low efficiency in these processes. METHODS AND RESULTS We report here a novel production and delivery system of anti-atherogenic APOA-1Milano muteins (APOA-1M) by means of genetically modified rice plants. APOA-1M, delivered as protein extracts from transgenic rice seeds, significantly reduced macrophage activation and foam cell formation in vitro in oxLDL-loaded THP-1 model. The APOA-1M delivery method and therapeutic efficacy was tested in healthy mice and in Apoe-/- mice fed with high cholesterol diet (Western Diet, WD). APOA-1M rice milk significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and lipids composition in aortic sinus and aortic arch of WD-fed Apoe-/- mice as compared to wild type rice milk-treated, WD-fed Apoe-/- mice. APOA-1M rice milk also significantly reduced macrophage number in liver of WD-fed Apoe-/- mice as compared to WT rice milk treated mice. TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT The delivery of therapeutic APOA-1M full length proteins via oral administration of rice seeds protein extracts (the 'rice milk') to the disordered organism, without any need of purification, might overcome the main APOA1-based therapies' limitations and improve the use of this molecules as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular patients.
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22
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Ravasi G, Pelucchi S, Buoli Comani G, Greni F, Mariani R, Pelloni I, Bombelli S, Perego R, Barisani D, Piperno A. Hepcidin regulation in a mouse model of acute hypoxia. Eur J Haematol 2018. [PMID: 29543343 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During hypoxia, hepcidin expression is inhibited to allow iron mobilization to sustain erythropoietic expansion. We analyzed molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced hepcidin inhibition in an in vivo model of acute hypoxia. METHODS Mice were kept under normal or hypoxic conditions for 6 hours and 15 hours and treated with α-PDGF-BB antibody or PDGF-BB receptor inhibitor. Blood, liver, spleen, and bone marrow were collected to extract RNA and protein or to quantify EPO and PDGF-BB. mRNA and protein levels were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Hepcidin was strongly inhibited at 15 hours, and this downregulation followed erythropoiesis activation and upregulation of several growth factors. PDGF-BB, erythroferrone, GDF15, and TWSG1 were upregulated by hypoxia in the bone marrow, but not in spleen or liver. Inactivation of PDGF-BB or its receptor suppressed the hypoxia-induced hepcidin inhibition. CONCLUSION Spleen and liver are not involved in the early stages of hypoxia-induced hepcidin downregulation. Our data support the role of PDGF-BB and probably also of erythroferrone in the recruitment of iron for erythropoiesis in the hypoxia setting. The rapid normalization of all the erythroid factors against persistent hepcidin suppression suggests that other signals are involved that should be clarified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ravasi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Pelucchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Buoli Comani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Greni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mariani
- Centre for Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza - S.Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Irene Pelloni
- Centre for Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza - S.Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alberto Piperno
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Centre for Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza - S.Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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23
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Elli L, Villalta D, Roncoroni L, Barisani D, Ferrero S, Pellegrini N, Bardella MT, Valiante F, Tomba C, Carroccio A, Bellini M, Soncini M, Cannizzaro R, Leandro G. Nomenclature and diagnosis of gluten-related disorders: A position statement by the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO). Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:138-46. [PMID: 27887897 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Gluten-related disorders" is a term that encompasses different diseases induced by the ingestion of gluten-containing food. Because of their incidence the scientific community has been intensively studying them. AIM To support gastroenterologists with a correct nomenclature and diagnostic approach to gluten-related disorders in adulthood. METHODS The Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO) commissioned a panel of experts to prepare a position statement clarifying the nomenclature and diagnosis of gluten-related disorders, focusing on those of gastroenterological interest. Each member was assigned a task and levels of evidence/recommendation have been proposed. RESULTS The panel identified celiac disease, wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity as the gluten-related disorders of gastroenterological interest. Celiac disease has an autoimmune nature, wheat allergy is IgE-mediated while the pathogenesis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity is still unknown as is the case of non-IgE mediated allergy. Diagnosis should start with the serological screening for celiac disease and wheat allergy. In case of normal values, the response to a gluten-free diet should be evaluated and a confirmatory blind food challenge carried out. CONCLUSIONS Gluten-related disorders are clinically heterogeneous. Patients should be carefully managed and specific protocols applied for a correct differential diagnosis in gastroenterological setting.
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Elli L, Tomba C, Branchi F, Roncoroni L, Lombardo V, Bardella MT, Ferretti F, Conte D, Valiante F, Fini L, Forti E, Cannizzaro R, Maiero S, Londoni C, Lauri A, Fornaciari G, Lenoci N, Spagnuolo R, Basilisco G, Somalvico F, Borgatta B, Leandro G, Segato S, Barisani D, Morreale G, Buscarini E. Evidence for the Presence of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Results from a Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Gluten Challenge. Nutrients. 2016;8:84. [PMID: 26867199 PMCID: PMC4772047 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is characterized by the onset of symptoms after eating gluten-containing food. We aimed to single out NCGS subjects among subjects with functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients were enrolled in a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled trial with crossover. Symptoms and quality of life were evaluated by means of 10-cm VAS and SF36. Iron parameters, transaminases and C reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. After a three-week-long gluten-free diet (GFD), responsive patients were randomly assigned to gluten intake (5.6 g/day) or placebo for seven days, followed by crossover. The primary endpoint was the worsening of symptoms (VAS increase ≥3 cm) during gluten ingestion compared to placebo. One hundred and forty patients were enrolled and 134 (17 males, mean age 39.1 ± 11.7 years, BMI 22.4 ± 3.8) completed the first period. A total of 101 subjects (10 males, mean age 39.3 ± 11.0 years, BMI 22.3 ± 4.0) reported a symptomatic improvement (VAS score 2.3 ± 1.2 vs. 6.5 ± 2.2 before and after GFD, p = 0.001). 98 patients underwent the gluten challenge and 28 (all females, mean age 38.9 ± 12.7 years, BMI 22.0 ± 2.9) reported a symptomatic relapse and deterioration of quality of life. No parameters were found to be statistically associated with positivity to the challenge. However, 14 patients responded to the placebo ingestion. Taking into account this finding, about 14% of patients responding to gluten withdrawal showed a symptomatic relapse during the gluten challenge. This group is suspected to have NCGS.
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Buoli Comani G, Panceri R, Dinelli M, Biondi A, Mancuso C, Meneveri R, Barisani D. miRNA-regulated gene expression differs in celiac disease patients according to the age of presentation. Genes Nutr 2015; 10:482. [PMID: 26233308 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is an intestinal disease which shows different symptoms and clinical manifestations among pediatric and adult patients. These variations could be imputable to age-related changes in gut architecture and intestinal immune system, which could be characterized by gene expression differences possibly regulated by miRNAs. We analyzed a panel of miRNAs and their target genes in duodenal biopsies of Marsh 3AB and 3C pediatric celiac patients, compared to controls. Moreover, to assess variation of expression in plasma samples, we evaluated circulating miRNA levels in controls and patients at diagnosis or on gluten-free diet. We detected a decreased miR-192-5p expression in celiac patients, but no variations in NOD2 and CXCL2, targets previously identified in adults. Conversely, we detected a significant increase in mRNA and protein levels of another target, MAD2L1, protein related to cell cycle control. miR-31-5p and miR-338-3p were down-regulated and their respective targets, FOXP3 and RUNX1, involved in Treg function, resulted up-regulated in celiac patients. Finally, we detected, in celiac patients, an increased expression of miR-21-5p, possibly caused by a regulatory loop with its putative target STAT3, which showed an increased activation in Marsh 3C patients. The analysis of plasma revealed a trend similar to that observed in biopsies, but in presence of gluten-free diet we could not detect circulating miRNAs values comparable to controls. miRNAs and their gene targets showed an altered expression in duodenal mucosa and plasma of celiac disease pediatric patients, and these alterations could be different from adult ones.
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Magni S, Buoli Comani G, Elli L, Vanessi S, Ballarini E, Nicolini G, Rusconi M, Castoldi M, Meneveri R, Muckenthaler MU, Bardella MT, Barisani D. miRNAs affect the expression of innate and adaptive immunity proteins in celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:1662-74. [PMID: 25070052 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES microRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that regulate gene expression in various processes, including immune response. Altered immune response is a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD), and miRNAs could have a role in modulating both innate and adaptive response to gluten in celiac patients. METHODS We compared miRNA profiles in duodenal biopsies of controls and CD patients by miRNA array. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated in controls, Marsh 3A-B, and Marsh 3C patients by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Target gene expression was assessed by qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, and the effect of gliadin was evaluated by in vitro stimulation experiments on duodenal biopsies. RESULTS Seven miRNAs were identified as significantly downregulated in the duodenum of adult CD patients as compared with controls. qPCR validated the decreased expression of miR-192-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-197, in particular in patients with more severe histological lesions (Marsh 3C). In silico analysis of possible miRNA targets identified several genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Among these, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 2 (CXCL2) and NOD2 showed significantly increased mRNA and protein level in Marsh 3C patients and a significant inverse correlation with the regulatory miR-192-5p. In addition, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), Run-related transcription factor 1, and interleukin-18 (targets of miR-31-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-197, respectively) showed upregulation in CD patients. Furthermore, alterations in CXCL2 and NOD2, FOXP3, miR-192-5p, and miR-31-5p expression were triggered by gliadin exposure in CD patients. CONCLUSIONS miRNA expression is significantly altered in duodenal mucosa of CD patients, and this alteration can increase the expression of molecules involved in immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Magni
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Buoli Comani
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Elli
- Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and UOC Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Samanta Vanessi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Ballarini
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Michela Rusconi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mirco Castoldi
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Bardella
- Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and UOC Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- 1] Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy [2] International Research Center for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases-IRCHD, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Almeida R, Ricaño-Ponce I, Kumar V, Deelen P, Szperl A, Trynka G, Gutierrez-Achury J, Kanterakis A, Westra HJ, Franke L, Swertz MA, Platteel M, Bilbao JR, Barisani D, Greco L, Mearin L, Wolters VM, Mulder C, Mazzilli MC, Sood A, Cukrowska B, Núñez C, Pratesi R, Withoff S, Wijmenga C. Fine mapping of the celiac disease-associated LPP locus reveals a potential functional variant. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:2481-9. [PMID: 24334606 PMCID: PMC3976328 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the Immunochip for genotyping, we identified 39 non-human leukocyte antigen (non-HLA) loci associated to celiac disease (CeD), an immune-mediated disease with a worldwide frequency of ∼1%. The most significant non-HLA signal mapped to the intronic region of 70 kb in the LPP gene. Our aim was to fine map and identify possible functional variants in the LPP locus. We performed a meta-analysis in a cohort of 25 169 individuals from six different populations previously genotyped using Immunochip. Imputation using data from the Genome of the Netherlands and 1000 Genomes projects, followed by meta-analysis, confirmed the strong association signal on the LPP locus (rs2030519, P = 1.79 × 10(-49)), without any novel associations. The conditional analysis on this top SNP-indicated association to a single common haplotype. By performing haplotype analyses in each population separately, as well as in a combined group of the four populations that reach the significant threshold after correction (P < 0.008), we narrowed down the CeD-associated region from 70 to 2.8 kb (P = 1.35 × 10(-44)). By intersecting regulatory data from the ENCODE project, we found a functional SNP, rs4686484 (P = 3.12 × 10(-49)), that maps to several B-cell enhancer elements and a highly conserved region. This SNP was also predicted to change the binding motif of the transcription factors IRF4, IRF11, Nkx2.7 and Nkx2.9, suggesting its role in transcriptional regulation. We later found significantly low levels of LPP mRNA in CeD biopsies compared with controls, thus our results suggest that rs4686484 is the functional variant in this locus, while LPP expression is decreased in CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Almeida
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia School of Health Sciences, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Isis Ricaño-Ponce
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Deelen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Agata Szperl
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Gosia Trynka
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Gutierrez-Achury
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros Kanterakis
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A. Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Platteel
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain
| | - Donatella Barisani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Luigi Greco
- European Laboratory for Food Induced Disease, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Mearin
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victorien M. Wolters
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ajit Sood
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Bozena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Concepción Núñez
- Depatment of Immunology, H. Clínico S. Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Riccardo Pratesi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia School of Health Sciences, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
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Romanos J, Rosén A, Kumar V, Trynka G, Franke L, Szperl A, Gutierrez-Achury J, van Diemen CC, Kanninga R, Jankipersadsing SA, Steck A, Eisenbarth G, van Heel DA, Cukrowska B, Bruno V, Mazzilli MC, Núñez C, Bilbao JR, Mearin ML, Barisani D, Rewers M, Norris JM, Ivarsson A, Boezen HM, Liu E, Wijmenga C. Improving coeliac disease risk prediction by testing non-HLA variants additional to HLA variants. Gut 2014; 63:415-22. [PMID: 23704318 PMCID: PMC3933173 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of coeliac disease (CD) patients are not being properly diagnosed and therefore remain untreated, leading to a greater risk of developing CD-associated complications. The major genetic risk heterodimer, HLA-DQ2 and DQ8, is already used clinically to help exclude disease. However, approximately 40% of the population carry these alleles and the majority never develop CD. OBJECTIVE We explored whether CD risk prediction can be improved by adding non-HLA-susceptible variants to common HLA testing. DESIGN We developed an average weighted genetic risk score with 10, 26 and 57 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 2675 cases and 2815 controls and assessed the improvement in risk prediction provided by the non-HLA SNP. Moreover, we assessed the transferability of the genetic risk model with 26 non-HLA variants to a nested case-control population (n=1709) and a prospective cohort (n=1245) and then tested how well this model predicted CD outcome for 985 independent individuals. RESULTS Adding 57 non-HLA variants to HLA testing showed a statistically significant improvement compared to scores from models based on HLA only, HLA plus 10 SNP and HLA plus 26 SNP. With 57 non-HLA variants, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve reached 0.854 compared to 0.823 for HLA only, and 11.1% of individuals were reclassified to a more accurate risk group. We show that the risk model with HLA plus 26 SNP is useful in independent populations. CONCLUSIONS Predicting risk with 57 additional non-HLA variants improved the identification of potential CD patients. This demonstrates a possible role for combined HLA and non-HLA genetic testing in diagnostic work for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Romanos
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anna Rosén
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosia Trynka
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Division of Genetics and Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agata Szperl
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Gutierrez-Achury
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cleo C van Diemen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roan Kanninga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Soesma A Jankipersadsing
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Steck
- Barbara Davis Centre for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Georges Eisenbarth
- Barbara Davis Centre for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A van Heel
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Bozena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentina Bruno
- European Laboratory for Food-Induced Disease, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Concepcion Núñez
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, Hospital de Cruces, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M Luisa Mearin
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Donatella Barisani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Centre for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Epidemiology Department, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, USA
| | - Anneli Ivarsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - H Marieke Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Liu
- Barbara Davis Centre for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Vaira V, Roncoroni L, Barisani D, Gaudioso G, Bosari S, Bulfamante G, Doneda L, Conte D, Tomba C, Bardella MT, Ferrero S, Locatelli M, Elli L. microRNA profiles in coeliac patients distinguish different clinical phenotypes and are modulated by gliadin peptides in primary duodenal fibroblasts. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 126:417-23. [PMID: 24063611 DOI: 10.1042/CS20130248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
CD (coeliac disease) is a frequent autoimmune disorder of the small bowel, which is characterized by an immunological reaction against gluten and transglutaminase in genetically predisposed subjects. However, the molecular determinants underpinning CD pathogenesis are yet to be fully elucidated and little data are available about the involvement of miRNAs (microRNAs) in CD. In the present study, the duodenal mucosa miRNA expression was profiled in adult untreated CD presenting with a classic phenotype or iron-deficiency anaemia, treated patients with or without duodenal normalization, and non-CD subjects as controls. Deregulation of seven miRNAs (miR-31-5p, miR-192-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-551a, miR-551b-5p, miR-638 and miR-1290) was determined in a larger series of CD patients with different clinical phenotypes compared with non-CD subjects. These seven microRNAs were then analysed in duodenal fibroblasts obtained from CD patients and incubated with gliadin peptides (13- and 33-mer). The miRNA cluster miR-192/194, involved in matrix remodelling, was deregulated in CD according to the different clinical presentations, and miR-192-3p levels were modulated by gliadin peptides in vitro. In conclusion, the analysis of miRNAs deserves further consideration for its potential use in the treatment and management of CD.
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Junker Y, Zeissig S, Kim SJ, Barisani D, Wieser H, Leffler DA, Zevallos V, Libermann TA, Dillon S, Freitag TL, Kelly CP, Schuppan D. Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors drive intestinal inflammation via activation of toll-like receptor 4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:2395-408. [PMID: 23209313 PMCID: PMC3526354 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Pest resistance molecules, α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors from wheat, activate innate immune cells through engagement of TLR4 to elicit inflammatory responses in the intestine. Ingestion of wheat, barley, or rye triggers small intestinal inflammation in patients with celiac disease. Specifically, the storage proteins of these cereals (gluten) elicit an adaptive Th1-mediated immune response in individuals carrying HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 as major genetic predisposition. This well-defined role of adaptive immunity contrasts with an ill-defined component of innate immunity in celiac disease. We identify the α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) CM3 and 0.19, pest resistance molecules in wheat, as strong activators of innate immune responses in monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. ATIs engage the TLR4–MD2–CD14 complex and lead to up-regulation of maturation markers and elicit release of proinflammatory cytokines in cells from celiac and nonceliac patients and in celiac patients’ biopsies. Mice deficient in TLR4 or TLR4 signaling are protected from intestinal and systemic immune responses upon oral challenge with ATIs. These findings define cereal ATIs as novel contributors to celiac disease. Moreover, ATIs may fuel inflammation and immune reactions in other intestinal and nonintestinal immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Junker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Elli L, Roncoroni L, Hils M, Pasternack R, Barisani D, Terrani C, Vaira V, Ferrero S, Bardella MT. Immunological effects of transglutaminase-treated gluten in coeliac disease. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:992-7. [PMID: 22836039 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Coeliac disease pathogenesis is characterized by an immune response triggered, in genetically predisposed subjects, by ingested gluten and its withdrawal from the diet is the only available therapy. However, enzymatic modification of gluten through the insertion of lysine to avoid antigen presentation could represent a new therapeutical approach for patients. Sixty-six duodenal biopsies from 17 coeliac patients were cultured for 48 h with gluten or enzymatically-modified gluten (treated with human recombinant transglutaminase type 2 or bacterial transglutaminase, with or without lysine). Interferonγ, anti endomisium and anti transglutaminase IgA antibodies, lactate dehydrogenase and transglutaminase activity were measured in the culture medium. Transglutaminase type 2 expression was evaluated on biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Gluten and transglutaminase-treated gluten increased by 13-15 fold interferon γ release, as well as antibodies, transglutaminase activity, and the immunohistochemical expression of transglutaminase type 2. Addition of lysine to the enzymatic modification of gluten normalized interferon γ, antibodies, transglutaminase activity and immunohistochemical expression of transglutaminase type 2. Lactate dehydrogenase did not differ among the studied groups. Enzymatic modification of gluten by transglutaminase plus lysine prevents the immunologic effects on cultured duodenal biopsies from coeliac patients and could be tested as an alternative therapy in coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico-Milano, Italy.
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Ravasi G, Pelucchi S, Trombini P, Mariani R, Tomosugi N, Modignani GL, Pozzi M, Nemeth E, Ganz T, Hayashi H, Barisani D, Piperno A. Hepcidin expression in iron overload diseases is variably modulated by circulating factors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36425. [PMID: 22586470 PMCID: PMC3346721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a regulatory hormone that plays a major role in controlling body iron homeostasis. Circulating factors (holotransferrin, cytokines, erythroid regulators) might variably contribute to hepcidin modulation in different pathological conditions. There are few studies analysing the relationship between hepcidin transcript and related protein expression profiles in humans. Our aims were: a. to measure hepcidin expression at either hepatic, serum and urinary level in three paradigmatic iron overload conditions (hemochromatosis, thalassemia and dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome) and in controls; b. to measure mRNA hepcidin expression in two different hepatic cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) exposed to patients and controls sera to assess whether circulating factors could influence hepcidin transcription in different pathological conditions. Our findings suggest that hepcidin assays reflect hepatic hepcidin production, but also indicate that correlation is not ideal, likely due to methodological limits and to several post-trascriptional events. In vitro study showed that THAL sera down-regulated, HFE-HH and C-NAFLD sera up-regulated hepcidin synthesis. HAMP mRNA expression in Huh-7 cells exposed to sera form C-Donors, HFE-HH and THAL reproduced, at lower level, the results observed in HepG2, suggesting the important but not critical role of HFE in hepcidin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ravasi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Trombini
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemochromatosis, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mariani
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemochromatosis, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Naohisa Tomosugi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Giulia Litta Modignani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Matteo Pozzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Nemeth
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hisao Hayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Donatella Barisani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alberto Piperno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemochromatosis, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Consortium of Human Molecular Genetics, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Trynka G, Hunt KA, Bockett NA, Romanos J, Mistry V, Szperl A, Bakker SF, Bardella MT, Bhaw-Rosun L, Castillejo G, de la Concha EG, de Almeida RC, Dias KRM, van Diemen CC, Dubois PCA, Duerr RH, Edkins S, Franke L, Fransen K, Gutierrez J, Heap GAR, Hrdlickova B, Hunt S, Plaza Izurieta L, Izzo V, Joosten LAB, Langford C, Mazzilli MC, Mein CA, Midah V, Mitrovic M, Mora B, Morelli M, Nutland S, Núñez C, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Pearce K, Platteel M, Polanco I, Potter S, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ricaño-Ponce I, Rich SS, Rybak A, Santiago JL, Senapati S, Sood A, Szajewska H, Troncone R, Varadé J, Wallace C, Wolters VM, Zhernakova A, Thelma BK, Cukrowska B, Urcelay E, Bilbao JR, Mearin ML, Barisani D, Barrett JC, Plagnol V, Deloukas P, Wijmenga C, van Heel DA. Dense genotyping identifies and localizes multiple common and rare variant association signals in celiac disease. Nat Genet 2011; 43:1193-201. [PMID: 22057235 PMCID: PMC3242065 DOI: 10.1038/ng.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Using variants from the 1000 Genomes Project pilot European CEU dataset and data from additional resequencing studies, we densely genotyped 183 non-HLA risk loci previously associated with immune-mediated diseases in 12,041 individuals with celiac disease (cases) and 12,228 controls. We identified 13 new celiac disease risk loci reaching genome-wide significance, bringing the number of known loci (including the HLA locus) to 40. We found multiple independent association signals at over one-third of these loci, a finding that is attributable to a combination of common, low-frequency and rare genetic variants. Compared to previously available data such as those from HapMap3, our dense genotyping in a large sample collection provided a higher resolution of the pattern of linkage disequilibrium and suggested localization of many signals to finer scale regions. In particular, 29 of the 54 fine-mapped signals seemed to be localized to single genes and, in some instances, to gene regulatory elements. Altogether, we define the complex genetic architecture of the risk regions of and refine the risk signals for celiac disease, providing the next step toward uncovering the causal mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia Trynka
- Genetics Department, University Medical Center and University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We evaluated the expression of several genes involved in tissue remodelling and bone development in patients with calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff. Biopsies from calcified and non-calcified areas were obtained from 10 patients (8 women and 2 men; average age: 55 years; range: 40-68) with calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff. To evaluate the expression of selected genes, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed. A significantly increased expression of tissue transglutaminase (tTG)2 and its substrate, osteopontin, was detected in the calcific areas compared to the levels observed in the normal tissue from the same subject with calcific tendinopathy, whereas a modest increase was observed for catepsin K. There was also a significant decrease in mRNA expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)4 and BMP6 in the calcific area. BMP-2, collagen V and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) did not show significant differences. Collagen X and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were not detectable. A variation in expression of these genes could be characteristic of this form tendinopathy, since an increased level of these genes has not been detected in other forms of tendon lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Oliva
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, School of Medicine, Italy
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Festen EA, Goyette P, Green T, Boucher G, Beauchamp C, Trynka G, Dubois PC, Lagacé C, Stokkers PC, Hommes DW. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association scans identifies IL18RAP, PTPN2, TAGAP, and PUS10 as shared risk loci for Crohn’s disease and celiac disease. PLoS Genet. 2011;7:e1001283. [PMID: 21298027 PMCID: PMC3029251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and celiac disease (CelD) are chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, involving genetic and environmental factors in their pathogenesis. The two diseases can co-occur within families, and studies suggest that CelD patients have a higher risk to develop CD than the general population. These observations suggest that CD and CelD may share common genetic risk loci. Two such shared loci, IL18RAP and PTPN2, have already been identified independently in these two diseases. The aim of our study was to explicitly identify shared risk loci for these diseases by combining results from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets of CD and CelD. Specifically, GWAS results from CelD (768 cases, 1,422 controls) and CD (3,230 cases, 4,829 controls) were combined in a meta-analysis. Nine independent regions had nominal association p-value <1.0 x 10⁻⁵ in this meta-analysis and showed evidence of association to the individual diseases in the original scans (p-value < 1 x 10⁻² in CelD and < 1 x 10⁻³ in CD). These include the two previously reported shared loci, IL18RAP and PTPN2, with p-values of 3.37 x 10⁻⁸ and 6.39 x 10⁻⁹, respectively, in the meta-analysis. The other seven had not been reported as shared loci and thus were tested in additional CelD (3,149 cases and 4,714 controls) and CD (1,835 cases and 1,669 controls) cohorts. Two of these loci, TAGAP and PUS10, showed significant evidence of replication (Bonferroni corrected p-values <0.0071) in the combined CelD and CD replication cohorts and were firmly established as shared risk loci of genome-wide significance, with overall combined p-values of 1.55 x 10⁻¹⁰ and 1.38 x 10⁻¹¹ respectively. Through a meta-analysis of GWAS data from CD and CelD, we have identified four shared risk loci: PTPN2, IL18RAP, TAGAP, and PUS10. The combined analysis of the two datasets provided the power, lacking in the individual GWAS for single diseases, to detect shared loci with a relatively small effect.
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Zhernakova A, Elbers CC, Ferwerda B, Romanos J, Trynka G, Dubois PC, de Kovel CG, Franke L, Oosting M, Barisani D, Bardella MT, Joosten LA, Saavalainen P, van Heel DA, Catassi C, Netea MG, Wijmenga C, Wijmenga C. Evolutionary and functional analysis of celiac risk loci reveals SH2B3 as a protective factor against bacterial infection. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:970-7. [PMID: 20560212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an intolerance to dietary proteins of wheat, barley, and rye. CD may have substantial morbidity, yet it is quite common with a prevalence of 1%-2% in Western populations. It is not clear why the CD phenotype is so prevalent despite its negative effects on human health, especially because appropriate treatment in the form of a gluten-free diet has only been available since the 1950s, when dietary gluten was discovered to be the triggering factor. The high prevalence of CD might suggest that genes underlying this disease may have been favored by the process of natural selection. We assessed signatures of selection for ten confirmed CD-associated loci in several genome-wide data sets, comprising 8154 controls from four European populations and 195 individuals from a North African population, by studying haplotype lengths via the integrated haplotype score (iHS) method. Consistent signs of positive selection for CD-associated derived alleles were observed in three loci: IL12A, IL18RAP, and SH2B3. For the SH2B3 risk allele, we also show a difference in allele frequency distribution (Fst) between HapMap phase II populations. Functional investigation of the effect of the SH2B3 genotype in response to lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide revealed that carriers of the SH2B3 rs3184504*A risk allele showed stronger activation of the NOD2 recognition pathway. This suggests that SH2B3 plays a role in protection against bacteria infection, and it provides a possible explanation for the selective sweep on SH2B3, which occurred sometime between 1200 and 1700 years ago.
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Dubois PCA, Trynka G, Franke L, Hunt KA, Romanos J, Curtotti A, Zhernakova A, Heap GAR, Ádány R, Aromaa A, Bardella MT, van den Berg LH, Bockett NA, de la Concha EG, Dema B, Fehrmann RSN, Fernández-arquero M, Fiatal S, Grandone E, Green PM, Groen HJM, Gwilliam R, Houwen RHJ, Hunt SE, Kaukinen K, Kelleher D, Korponay-szabo I, Kurppa K, Macmathuna P, Mäki M, Mazzilli MC, Mccann OT, Mearin ML, Mein CA, Mirza MM, Mistry V, Mora B, Morley KI, Mulder CJ, Murray JA, Núñez C, Oosterom E, Ophoff RA, Polanco I, Peltonen L, Platteel M, Rybak A, Salomaa V, Schweizer JJ, Sperandeo MP, Tack GJ, Turner G, Veldink JH, Verbeek WHM, Weersma RK, Wolters VM, Urcelay E, Cukrowska B, Greco L, Neuhausen SL, Mcmanus R, Barisani D, Deloukas P, Barrett JC, Saavalainen P, Wijmenga C, van Heel DA. Erratum: Corrigendum: Multiple common variants for celiac disease influencing immune gene expression. Nat Genet 2010; 42:465-465. [DOI: 10.1038/ng0510-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
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Dubois PC, Trynka G, Franke L, Hunt KA, Romanos J, Curtotti A, Zhernakova A, Heap GA, Adány R, Aromaa A, Bardella MT, van den Berg LH, Bockett NA, de la Concha EG, Dema B, Fehrmann RS, Fernández-Arquero M, Fiatal S, Grandone E, Green PM, Groen HJ, Gwilliam R, Houwen RH, Hunt SE, Kaukinen K, Kelleher D, Korponay-Szabo I, Kurppa K, MacMathuna P, Mäki M, Mazzilli MC, McCann OT, Mearin ML, Mein CA, Mirza MM, Mistry V, Mora B, Morley KI, Mulder CJ, Murray JA, Núñez C, Oosterom E, Ophoff RA, Polanco I, Peltonen L, Platteel M, Rybak A, Salomaa V, Schweizer JJ, Sperandeo MP, Tack GJ, Turner G, Veldink JH, Verbeek WH, Weersma RK, Wolters VM, Urcelay E, Cukrowska B, Greco L, Neuhausen SL, McManus R, Barisani D, Deloukas P, Barrett JC, Saavalainen P, Wijmenga C, van Heel DA. Multiple common variants for celiac disease influencing immune gene expression. Nat Genet 2010; 42:295-302. [PMID: 20190752 DOI: 10.1038/ng.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
We performed a second-generation genome wide association study of 4,533 celiac disease cases and 10,750 controls. We genotyped 113 selected SNPs with PGWAS<10−4, and 18 SNPs from 14 known loci, in a further 4,918 cases and 5,684 controls. Variants from 13 new regions reached genome wide significance (Pcombined<5×10−8), most contain immune function genes (BACH2, CCR4, CD80, CIITA/SOCS1/CLEC16A, ICOSLG, ZMIZ1) with ETS1, RUNX3, THEMIS and TNFRSF14 playing key roles in thymic T cell selection. A further 13 regions had suggestive association evidence. In an expression quantitative trait meta-analysis of 1,469 whole blood samples, 20 of 38 (52.6%) tested loci had celiac risk variants correlated (P<0.0028, FDR 5%) with cis gene expression.
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Schuppan D, Junker Y, Barisani D. Celiac disease: from pathogenesis to novel therapies. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:1912-33. [PMID: 19766641 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease has become one of the best-understood HLA-linked disorders. Although it shares many immunologic features with inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease is uniquely characterized by (1) a defined trigger (gluten proteins from wheat and related cereals), (2) the necessary presence of HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8, and (3) the generation of circulating autoantibodies to the enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2). TG2 deamidates certain gluten peptides, increasing their affinity to HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8. This generates a more vigorous CD4(+) T-helper 1 T-cell activation, which can result in intestinal mucosal inflammation, malabsorption, and numerous secondary symptoms and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, gluten elicits innate immune responses that act in concert with the adaptive immunity. Exclusion of gluten from the diet reverses many disease manifestations but is usually not or less efficient in patients with refractory celiac disease or associated autoimmune diseases. Based on the advanced understanding of the pathogenesis of celiac disease, targeted nondietary therapies have been devised, and some of these are already in phase 1 or 2 clinical trials. Examples are modified flours that have been depleted of immunogenic gluten epitopes, degradation of immunodominant gliadin peptides that resist intestinal proteases by exogenous endopeptidases, decrease of intestinal permeability by blockage of the epithelial ZOT receptor, inhibition of intestinal TG2 activity by transglutaminase inhibitors, inhibition of gluten peptide presentation by HLA-DQ2 antagonists, modulation or inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, and induction of oral tolerance to gluten. These and other experimental therapies will be discussed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Schuppan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Parafioriti A, del Bianco S, Barisani D, Armiraglio E, Peretti G, Albisetti W. Increased p21 expression in chondrocytes of achondroplasic children independently from the presence of the G380R FGFR3 mutation. J Orthop Sci 2009; 14:623-30. [PMID: 19802676 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-009-1355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achondroplasia (ACH) represents the major cause of dwarfism and is due to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. The cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced growth have been mainly described for in vitro or in vivo models, but few data have been obtained for humans. METHODS Thirteen children with ACH were enrolled in the study; the presence of FGFR3 mutations was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing, whereas protein expression in cartilage biopsy was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Chondrocytes in cartilage biopsies of ACH children were characterized by the presence of growth arrest mediated by STAT activation (both STAT1 and STAT5) and increased expression of p21 and cyclin D1, whereas no expression of either p53 or cyclin D3 could be detected. This mechanism was present in ACH children carrying the G380R mutation but also in a patient in whom no mutation could be detected in the entire coding region of the FGFR3 gene. CONCLUSIONS These data thus demonstrate the presence of a common final mechanism involving p21 and possibly leading to a block in chondrocyte proliferation.
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Romanos J, van Diemen CC, Nolte IM, Trynka G, Zhernakova A, Fu J, Bardella MT, Barisani D, McManus R, van Heel DA, Wijmenga C. Analysis of HLA and non-HLA alleles can identify individuals at high risk for celiac disease. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:834-40, 840.e1-3. [PMID: 19454285 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Celiac disease (CD) is a common chronic disorder of the small intestine, resulting from aberrant cellular responses to gluten peptides, and often remains undiagnosed. It is a complex genetic disorder, although 95% of the patients carry the risk heterodimer human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2. Genome-wide association studies on CD have identified 9 non-HLA loci that also contribute to CD risk, most of which are shared with other immune-related diseases. Our aim is to predict the genetic risk for CD using HLA and non-HLA risk alleles. METHODS We selected 10 independent polymorphisms in 2,308 cases and 4,585 controls from Dutch, UK, and Irish populations and categorized the individuals into 3 risk groups, based on their HLA-DQ2 genotype. We used the summed number of non-HLA risk alleles per individual to analyze their cumulative effect on CD risk, adjusting for gender and population group in logistic regression analysis. We validated our findings in 436 Italian cases and 532 controls. RESULTS CD cases carried more non-HLA risk alleles than controls: individuals carrying > or = 13 risk alleles had a higher CD risk (odds ratio, 6.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.1-9.3) compared with those carrying 0-5 risk alleles. Combining HLA and non-HLA risk genotypes in one model increases sensitivity by 6.2% compared with using only HLA for identification of high-risk individuals with slight decrease in specificity. CONCLUSIONS We can use non-HLA risk factors for CD to improve identification of high-risk individuals. Our risk model is a first step toward better diagnosis and prognosis in high-risk families and population-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Romanos
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Trynka G, Zhernakova A, Romanos J, Franke L, Hunt KA, Turner G, Bruinenberg M, Heap GA, Platteel M, Ryan AW, de Kovel C, Holmes GKT, Howdle PD, Walters JRF, Sanders DS, Mulder CJJ, Mearin ML, Verbeek WHM, Trimble V, Stevens FM, Kelleher D, Barisani D, Bardella MT, McManus R, van Heel DA, Wijmenga C. Coeliac disease-associated risk variants in TNFAIP3 and REL implicate altered NF-kappaB signalling. Gut 2009; 58:1078-83. [PMID: 19240061 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.169052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous coeliac disease genome-wide association study (GWAS) implicated risk variants in the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region and eight novel risk regions. To identify more coeliac disease loci, we selected 458 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed more modest association in the GWAS for genotyping and analysis in four independent cohorts. DESIGN 458 SNPs were assayed in 1682 cases and 3258 controls from three populations (UK, Irish and Dutch). We combined the results with the original GWAS cohort (767 UK cases and 1422 controls); six SNPs showed association with p<1 x 10(-04) and were then genotyped in an independent Italian coeliac cohort (538 cases and 593 controls). RESULTS We identified two novel coeliac disease risk regions: 6q23.3 (OLIG3-TNFAIP3) and 2p16.1 (REL), both of which reached genome-wide significance in the combined analysis of all 2987 cases and 5273 controls (rs2327832 p = 1.3 x 10(-08), and rs842647 p = 5.2 x 10(-07)). We investigated the expression of these genes in the RNA isolated from biopsies and from whole blood RNA. We did not observe any changes in gene expression, nor in the correlation of genotype with gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Both TNFAIP3 (A20, at the protein level) and REL are key mediators in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) inflammatory signalling pathway. For the first time, a role for primary heritable variation in this important biological pathway predisposing to coeliac disease has been identified. Currently, the HLA risk factors and the 10 established non-HLA risk factors explain approximately 40% of the heritability of coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Trynka
- Genetics Department, University Medical Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Combi R, Grioni D, Contri M, Redaelli S, Redaelli F, Bassi MT, Barisani D, Lavitrano ML, Tredici G, Tenchini ML, Bertolini M, Dalprà L. Clinical and genetic familial study of a large cohort of Italian children with idiopathic epilepsy. Brain Res Bull 2009; 79:89-96. [PMID: 19200853 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
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Koskinen L, Romanos J, Kaukinen K, Mustalahti K, Korponay-Szabo I, Barisani D, Bardella MT, Ziberna F, Vatta S, Széles G, Pocsai Z, Karell K, Haimila K, Adány R, Not T, Ventura A, Mäki M, Partanen J, Wijmenga C, Saavalainen P. Cost-effective HLA typing with tagging SNPs predicts celiac disease risk haplotypes in the Finnish, Hungarian, and Italian populations. Immunogenetics 2009; 61:247-56. [PMID: 19255754 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, located on chromosome 6p21.3, have a crucial role in susceptibility to various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. Certain HLA heterodimers, namely DQ2 (encoded by the DQA1*05 and DQB1*02 alleles) and DQ8 (DQA1*03 and DQB1*0302), are necessary for the development of celiac disease. Traditional genotyping of HLA genes is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. A novel HLA-genotyping method, using six HLA-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and suitable for high-throughput approaches, was described recently. Our aim was to validate this method in the Finnish, Hungarian, and Italian populations. The six previously reported HLA-tagging SNPs were genotyped in patients with celiac disease and in healthy individuals from Finland, Hungary, and two distinct regions of Italy. The potential of this method was evaluated in analyzing how well the tag SNP results correlate with the HLA genotypes previously determined using traditional HLA-typing methods. Using the tagging SNP method, it is possible to determine the celiac disease risk haplotypes accurately in Finnish, Hungarian, and Italian populations, with specificity and sensitivity ranging from 95% to 100%. In addition, it predicts homozygosity and heterozygosity for a risk haplotype, allowing studies on genotypic risk effects. The method is transferable between populations and therefore suited for large-scale research studies and screening of celiac disease among high-risk individuals or at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Koskinen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Pelucchi S, Mariani R, Trombini P, Coletti S, Pozzi M, Paolini V, Barisani D, Piperno A. Expression of hepcidin and other iron-related genes in type 3 hemochromatosis due to a novel mutation in transferrin receptor-2. Haematologica 2009; 94:276-9. [PMID: 19144662 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferrin receptor-2 (TFR2) regulates hepatic hepcidin secretion and when mutated causes type-3 hemochromatosis. No functional study is available in humans. We studied a 47 year-old woman with hemochromatosis. TFR2 DNA and its hepatic transcript were directly sequenced. Hepatic expression of hepcidin and other iron-related genes were measured by qRT-PCR. Urinary hepcidin was measured at baseline and after an oral iron challenge (ferrous sulfate, 65 mg) by SELDI-TOF-MS. A novel homozygous TFR2 mutation was identified in the splicing donor site of intron 4 (c.614+4 A>G) causing exon 4 skipping. Hepcidin and hemojuvelin expression were markedly reduced. Urinary hepcidin was lower than normal and further decreased after iron challenge. This is the first description of iron-related gene expression profiles in a TFR2 mutated patient. The decreased hepatic and urinary expression of hepcidin and lack of acute response to iron challenge confirms the primary role of TFR2 in iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pelucchi
- Consortium for Human Molecular Genetics, Monza, Milan
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46
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Bulbarelli A, Lonati E, Cazzaniga E, Re F, Sesana S, Barisani D, Sancini G, Mutoh T, Masserini M. TrkA pathway activation induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta). Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 40:365-73. [PMID: 19162192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a cytotoxic fragment of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since several neurotrophins signalling pathways may be activated in response to toxic insults, we investigated whether a similar response is triggered also by Abeta. After Abeta (25-35) peptide administration to cultured rat hippocampal neurons, the nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor (TrkA) mRNA expression is up-regulated. Moreover, we observe an increased cellular TrkA expression (4.5 fold) and NGF release in the culture medium (5-fold). Concomitantly, TrkA, Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (Gsk3beta) phosphorylation significantly increase. Interestingly, when cells were treated with Abeta (25-35) in the presence of blocking antibody against NGF, only a partial TrkA activation (2-fold) was observed. These results have been confirmed by using pathophysiological Abeta (1-42) oligomers. Our data provide the evidence that Abeta induces the TrkA pathway activation directly by itself and indirectly promoting NGF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bulbarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MI), Italy.
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47
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Romanos J, Barisani D, Trynka G, Zhernakova A, Bardella MT, Wijmenga C. Six new coeliac disease loci replicated in an Italian population confirm association with coeliac disease. J Med Genet 2008; 46:60-3. [PMID: 18805825 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The first genome wide association study on coeliac disease (CD) and its follow-up have identified eight new loci that contribute significantly towards CD risk. Seven of these loci contain genes controlling adaptive immune responses, including IL2/IL21 (4q27), RGS1 (1q31), IL18RAP (2q11-2q12), CCR3 (3p21), IL12A (3q25-3q26), TAGAP (6q25) and SH2B3 (12q24). METHODS We selected the nine most associated single nucleotide polymorphisms to tag the eight new loci in an Italian cohort comprising 538 CD patients and 593 healthy controls. RESULTS Common variation in IL2/IL21, RGS1, IL12A/SCHIP and SH2B3 was associated with susceptibility to CD in our Italian cohort. The LPP and TAGAP regions also showed moderate association, whereas there was no association with CCR3 and IL18RAP. CONCLUSION This is the first replication study of six of the eight new CD loci; it is also the first CD association study in a southern European cohort. Our results may imply there is a genuine population difference across Europe regarding the loci contributing to CD.
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Alaggio R, Barisani D, Ninfo V, Rosolen A, Coffin CM. Morphologic Overlap between Infantile Myofibromatosis and Infantile Fibrosarcoma: A Pitfall in Diagnosis. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2008; 11:355-62. [PMID: 19006426 DOI: 10.2350/07-09-0355.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is a distinctive mesenchymal disorder with different clinical forms, including solitary, multicentric, and generalized with visceral involvement. A wide morphologic spectrum is encountered, with the extremes resembling congenital infantile fibrosarcoma (CIFS) and infantile hemangiopericytoma. We report a series of lesions with mixed features of CIFS and IM and compare them in order to further define their clinicopathologic features and the significance of the so-called composite fibromatosis. Seven lesions with unusual overlapping morphologic "composite" features of both IM and CIFS were selected from a series of 106 myofibroblastic lesions. Three cases classified as composite infantile myofibromatoses (COIM) were highly cellular tumors with a diffuse growth of primitive mesenchymal cells and focal features of IM combined with areas resembling infantile fibrosarcoma (IF). Four cases were classified as IF. Three of these exhibited a biphasic pattern with foci resembling IM, including whorls of primitive and spindle cells and perivascular and intravascular projections of myofibroblastic nodules, and the 4th had a close histologic resemblance to a primitive, immature IM. With reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the ETV6-NTRK3 transcript was absent in 3 COIM and was detected in 3 CIFS; the other CIFS had typical cytogenetic aberrations. On the basis of currently available information, COIM represents a morphologic variant of IM that can mimic IF. Careful histologic evaluation to detect the typical features of IM is essential to avoid classification as IF. Molecular analysis for the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion is an important diagnostic tool in this group of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Alaggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche e Chirurgiche Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Barisani D, Pelucchi S, Mariani R, Galimberti S, Trombini P, Fumagalli D, Meneveri R, Nemeth E, Ganz T, Piperno A. Hepcidin and iron-related gene expression in subjects with Dysmetabolic Hepatic Iron Overload. J Hepatol 2008; 49:123-33. [PMID: 18462824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Many patients with hepatic iron overload do not have identifiable mutations and often present with metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis. Since the pathophysiology of Dysmetabolic Hepatic Iron Overload (DHIO) is still obscure, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in these patients, possible alterations in iron-related molecule expression. METHODS Iron-related gene mRNA levels were determined by quantitative-PCR in liver biopsies of subjects with NAFLD without iron overload and patients with HFE-hemochromatosis, beta-thalassemia major and DHIO. Urinary hepcidin was measured by immunoblotting. RESULTS No alterations in mRNA expression of either iron transporters or exporters were found in DHIO. mRNA and urinary hepcidin levels normalized for the amount of iron overload showed a significantly lower ratio than in controls, although not as low as in hemochromatosis or beta-thalassemia. Differently from what observed in hemochromatosis, hepcidin mRNA did not correlate with urinary hepcidin. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DHIO show appropriate regulation of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in iron uptake and efflux but dysregulation of hepcidin production. The relatively elevated urinary hepcidin can explain the iron phenotype in DHIO (more macrophage iron retention and low/normal transferrin saturation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Barisani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20052, Milan, Italy.
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D’Orlando C, Guzzi F, Gravati M, Biella G, Toselli M, Meneveri R, Barisani D, Parenti M. Retinoic acid- and phorbol ester-induced neuronal differentiation down-regulates caveolin expression in GnRH neurons. J Neurochem 2007; 104:1577-87. [PMID: 17988240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] [Imported: 09/26/2023]
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