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Salehi M, Amanat M, Mohammadi M, Salmanian M, Rezaei N, Saghazadeh A, Garakani A. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder related symptoms in Coronavirus outbreaks: A systematic-review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:527-538. [PMID: 33433382 PMCID: PMC7831964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious disease outbreaks affect physical and mental health of humans worldwide. Studies showed that the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms increased in these conditions. This systematic-review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD related symptoms in coronavirus outbreaks. METHODS Systematic search of literature was conducted in Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Google Scholar and Grey literature including conference proceedings were also checked. Published articles from November 1, 2012 until May 18, 2020 were searched. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were also conducted to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS We found 38 articles with 19,428 individuals met the eligibility criteria. Of these papers, 35 studies were included in meta-analysis. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was estimated to be about 18% (95%CI: 15% to 20%). These symptoms were more frequent in cohort studies (29%) compared to cross-sectional (15%) and case-control (11%) studies. Prevalence rates of PTSD symptoms in MERS (36%) outbreaks were higher than SARS (18%) and COVID-19 (9%) outbreaks. Meta-regression showed that the geographical location of study was the source of heterogeneity (R2: 19.8%, P-value: 0.003). Meta-analysis reported that about three in every ten survivors of coronavirus infection, about two in every ten healthcare workers, and about one in every ten individuals of general population experienced PTSD symptoms in outbreaks. LIMITATIONS PTSD cannot be objectively assessed and this can lead to information bias of included studies. CONCLUSION PTSD symptoms are shown to be common in coronavirus outbreaks. Mental care should be, therefore, considered in the present COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Salehi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Man Amanat
- Faculty of Medicine, Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salmanian
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Garakani
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Mohammadi MR, Salmanian M, Hooshyari Z, Shakiba A, Alavi SS, Ahmadi A, Khaleghi A, Zarafshan H, Mostafavi SA, Alaghmand A, Molavi P, Mahmoudi-Gharaei J, Kamali K, Ghanizadeh A, Nazari H, Sarraf N, Ahmadipour A, Derakhshanpour F, Riahi F. Lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic predictors, and comorbidities of oppositional defiant disorder: the National Epidemiology of Iranian Child and Adolescent Psychiatric disorders (IRCAP). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 42:162-167. [PMID: 31433003 PMCID: PMC7115452 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This was the first national epidemiological study on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Iran, which provided new information about the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD. METHODS Data from a face-to-face household survey of 30,532 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were collected from across all 31 provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling design. The Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was used in this study. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of ODD was found to be 3.9%. ODD was significantly more common in boys than girls and appeared in late adolescence more frequently than in childhood. A lower prevalence of ODD was found among participants who lived in rural areas. ODD is highly likely to co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this national population-based study confirm and extend previous findings on the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salmanian
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hooshyari
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alia Shakiba
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Salman Alavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Ahmadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Zarafshan
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mostafavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anita Alaghmand
- Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Parviz Molavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University Of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hedayat Nazari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sarraf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadipour
- Department of Psychiatry, Booshehr University of Medical Sciences, Khalij-E Fars Hospital, Booshehr, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Derakhshanpour
- Golestan Psychiatric Research Center, Gholestan University of Medical Sciences, Gholestan, Iran
| | - Forough Riahi
- Department of Psychiatry, Jondi Shapour University, Ahvaz, Iran
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Mohammadi MR, Salmanian M, Ghobari-Bonab B, Bolhari J. Spiritual Psychotherapy for Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Designing and Piloting a Therapeutic Package. Iran J Psychiatry 2017; 12:258-264. [PMID: 29472952 PMCID: PMC5816915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] [Imported: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Spiritual psychotherapy has been conceptualized in the context of love and belief as principles of existence. Spiritual psychotherapy can provide an opportunity to design programs to treat conduct disorder. The aim of this study was to introduce the Spiritual Psychotherapy Package for Adolescents with Conduct Disorder and execute it as a pilot study. Method: The intervention is a manual-guided program conducted over 14 group sessions, using the perspectives of object relations and attachment approach. It was executed for a group of eight adolescent boys with conduct disorder (mean age: 17.01 years) at Tehran reformatory. The Aggression Questionnaire and the Attachment to God Inventory were completed pre- and post-intervention. Results: There were no significant differences in outcome measures from pre- to post- intervention. Cohen's dav was applied to estimate the measure of the effect size in this study. Cohen's dav measures of avoidance and anxious attachment to God showed acceptable effect sizes. However, Cohen's dav measure of verbal aggression indicated a small effect size. Conclusion: We found evidence indicating acceptability of spiritual psychotherapy among adolescents with conduct disorder in attachment to God.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salmanian
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Address: Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, South Kargar, Avenue, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98 21 55413540, Fax: +98 21 55421959,E-mail:
| | - Bagher Ghobari-Bonab
- Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Bolhari
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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