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Agasthi P, Van Houten HK, Yao X, Jain CC, Egbe A, Warnes CA, Miranda WR, Dunlay SM, Stephens EH, Johnson JN, Connolly HM, Burchill LJ. Mortality and Morbidity of Heart Failure Hospitalization in Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030649. [PMID: 38018491 PMCID: PMC10727341 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about outcomes following heart failure (HF) hospitalization among adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the United States. We aim to compare the outcomes of HF versus non-HF hospitalizations in adults with CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a national deidentified administrative claims data set, patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) hospitalized with and without HF (ACHDHF+, ACHDHF-) were characterized to determine the predictors of 90-day and 1-year mortality and quantify the risk of mortality, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and health resource use. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compare ACHDHF+ versus ACHDHF- for risk of events and health resource use. Of 26 454 unique ACHD admissions between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020, 5826 (22%) were ACHDHF+ and 20 628 (78%) were ACHDHF-. The ACHD HF+ hospitalizations increased from 6.6% to 14.0% (P<0.0001). Over a mean follow-up period of 2.23 ± 2.19 years, patients with ACHDHF+ had a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.86 [95% CI, 1.67-2.07], P<0.001), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (HR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.63-1.83], P<0.001) and health resource use including rehospitalization (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.05-1.14], P<0.001) and increased postacute care service use (HR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.32-1.85], P<0.001). Cardiology clinic visits within 30 days of hospital admission were associated with lower 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.49-0.78], P<0.001; OR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.58-0.83], P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS HF hospitalization is associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity with high health resource use in patients with ACHD. Recent cardiology clinic attendance appears to mitigate these risks.
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Egbe AC, Miranda WR, Jain CC, Bonnichsen CR, Anderson JH, Dearani JA, Warnes CA, Crestanello J, Connolly HM. Incidence and Outcomes of Advanced Heart Failure in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009675. [PMID: 36193744 PMCID: PMC9760468 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.122.009675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data about the stage D heart failure (advanced HF) in adults with congenital heart disease. Our study objectives were (1) to determine the incidence of new-onset advanced HF in patients and the relationship between advanced HF and all-cause mortality and (2) to determine the relationship between therapies for advanced HF and all-cause mortality. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adults with congenital heart disease at Mayo Clinic (2003-2019). We defined advanced HF using the European Society of Cardiology diagnostic criteria for advanced HF. Therapies received by the patients with advanced HF were classified into 3 mutually exclusive groups (treatment pathways): (1) conventional cardiac intervention, (2) transplant listing, and (3) palliative care. RESULTS Of 5309 patients without advanced HF at baseline assessment, 432 (8%) developed advanced HF during follow-up (1.1%/y), and the incidence of advanced HF was higher in patients with severe or complex congenital heart disease. Onset of advanced HF was associated with 6-fold increase in the risk of mortality. Conventional cardiac intervention was associated with significantly higher risk of mortality as compared to transplant listing. The longer the interval from the initial onset of advanced HF to transplant evaluation, the lower the odds of being listed for transplant. CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, we postulate that early identification of patients with advanced HF, and a timely referral for transplant evaluation (instead of conventional cardiac intervention) may offer the best chance of survival for these critically ill patients. Further studies are required to validate this postulation.
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Marelli A, Beauchesne L, Colman J, Ducas R, Grewal J, Keir M, Khairy P, Oechslin E, Therrien J, Vonder Muhll IF, Wald RM, Silversides C, Barron DJ, Benson L, Bernier PL, Horlick E, Ibrahim R, Martucci G, Nair K, Poirier NC, Ross HJ, Baumgartner H, Daniels CJ, Gurvitz M, Roos-Hesselink JW, Kovacs AH, McLeod CJ, Mulder BJ, Warnes CA, Webb GD. Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2022 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Interventions in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:862-896. [PMID: 35460862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventions in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) focus on surgical and percutaneous interventions in light of rapidly evolving ACHD clinical practice. To bring rigour to our process and amplify the cumulative nature of evidence ACHD care we used the ADAPTE process; we systematically adjudicated, updated, and adapted existing guidelines by Canadian, American, and European cardiac societies from 2010 to 2020. We applied this to interventions related to right and left ventricular outflow obstruction, tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation, aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valve, atrioventricular canal defects, Ebstein anomaly, complete and congenitally corrected transposition, and patients with the Fontan operation. In addition to tables indexed to evidence, clinical flow diagrams are included for each lesion to facilitate a practical approach to clinical decision-making. Excluded are recommendations for pacemakers, defibrillators, and arrhythmia-directed interventions covered in separate designated documents. Similarly, where overlap occurs with other guidelines for valvular interventions, reference is made to parallel publications. There is a paucity of high-level quality of evidence in the form of randomized clinical trials to support guidelines in ACHD. We accounted for this in the wording of the strength of recommendations put forth by our national and international experts. As data grow on long-term follow-up, we expect that the evidence driving clinical practice will become increasingly granular. These recommendations are meant to be used to guide dialogue between clinicians, interventional cardiologists, surgeons, and patients making complex decisions relative to ACHD interventions.
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Egbe AC, Miranda WR, Warnes CA, Bonnichsen C, Crestanello J, Anderson JH, Connolly HM. Persistent Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy After Repair of Native Coarctation of Aorta in Adults. Hypertension 2021; 78:672-680. [PMID: 34247510 PMCID: PMC8363521 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Egbe AC, Miranda WR, Anderson JH, Crestanello J, Warnes CA, Connolly HM. A Comparison of Hemodynamic and Clinical Outcomes After Transcatheter Versus Surgical Therapy in Adults in Coarctation of Aorta. THE JOURNAL OF INVASIVE CARDIOLOGY 2021; 33:E191-E199. [PMID: 33570503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter stent therapy provides similar acute reduction in coarctation of aorta (COA) gradient and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as compared with surgery. However, there are limited data comparing mid-term outcomes after transcatheter vs surgical therapy for COA. The purpose of this study was to compare temporal changes in Doppler COA gradient and SBP after transcatheter stent therapy versus surgical therapy for COA. METHODS A retrospective study of COA patients (≥18 years old) undergoing transcatheter stent therapy or surgical therapy at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota from 2000-2018 was performed. Linear regression analyses were used to compare temporal changes in Doppler gradient and SBP between the 2 groups. Propensity matching was used to adjust for between-group differences in clinical and anatomic characteristics. RESULTS A total of 44 and 128 patients underwent transcatheter and surgical therapy, respectively; there were no significant between-group differences in the anatomy of the thoracic aorta. Both groups had similar acute reduction in Doppler peak gradient (P=.66), mean gradient (P=.41), SBP (P=.22), and upper-to-lower extremity SBP (ULE-SBP) gradient (P=.69). The median follow-up was 46 months (interquartile range, 27-81 months) and 63 months (interquartile range, 41-94 months) in the transcatheter and surgical groups, respectively. There were no significant between-group differences in the temporal change in Doppler peak gradient (P-interaction=.06), mean gradient (P-interaction=.15), SBP (P-interaction=.20), and ULE-SBP gradient (P-interaction=.51). CONCLUSIONS These favorable short- and mid-term outcome data support the use of transcatheter therapy as an alternative to surgery in adults with COA. Further studies are required to determine if these favorable outcomes are maintained on long-term follow-up.
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El-Hamamsy I, Warnes CA, Nishimura RA. The Ross Procedure in Adults: The Ideal Aortic Valve Substitute? J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:1423-1425. [PMID: 33736824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Egbe AC, Warnes CA, Connolly HM. Critical Appraisal of the Indications for Intervention in Adults With Coarctation of Aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1089-1090. [PMID: 32138970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Warnes CA, Sutton NR. Challenges of the Transcatheter Approach to Mitral Valve Replacement in Women Contemplating Pregnancy. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 13:e010227. [PMID: 33320711 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.120.010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jain CC, Warnes CA, Egbe AC, Cetta F, DuBrock HM, Connolly HM, Miranda WR. Hemodynamics in Adults With the Shone Complex. Am J Cardiol 2020; 130:137-142. [PMID: 32703525 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Shone complex (SC) have multiple left-sided obstructive lesions and thus are at risk for left ventricular (LV) remodeling, LV diastolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Yet, to date, there has been no description of hemodynamics in adults with SC. Retrospective chart review of 25 patients with SC who underwent cardiac catheterization at Mayo Clinic, MN between 2002 and 2019 was performed. SC was defined as multiple left-sided obstructive lesions in the presence of an anatomically abnormal mitral valve. Median age was 32 years (22.5, 42) and 15 patients (60%) were female. The majority of patients (84%) had history of coarctation of the aorta, 10 (40%) had subaortic stenosis, 11 (44%) had prior aortic valve replacement, and 10 (40%) had prior mitral valve replacement. Structural disease at the time of catheterization which warranted intervention within the next year was present in 13 patients (52%). The mean LV end-diastolic pressure was 21.3 ± 9.0 mm Hg (>15 mm Hg in 71%), pulmonary artery peak systolic pressure was 55.4 ± 13.4 mm Hg, and the pulmonary artery mean pressure was 37.0 ± 9.4 mm Hg (>20 mm Hg in 96%). During a mean follow-up of 8.3 ± 4.4 years, there were 7 deaths (28%) and 3 additional patients (12%) underwent cardiac transplantation. In conclusion, adults with SC who underwent catheterization showed significant left-sided heart and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Elevated LV end-diastolic pressure and pulmonary artery pressures were highly prevalent. There were high mortality and cardiac transplant rates in our cohort.
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Patlolla SH, Dearani JA, Connolly HM, Warnes CA, Lahr BD, Schaff HV, Saran N. Repair of Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defects in Adults: A Single Center Experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:469-478. [PMID: 32858219 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available on long-term outcome after repair of partial atrioventricular septal defects (pAVSD) in adults. We sought to review our experience. Between January 1, 1957 and December 31, 2016, 179 adult patients [median age (IQR) 34 (18, 72) years] underwent primary repair of pAVSD. The most common associated defects were secundum atrial septal defect (n = 38) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) (n = 7). Left atrioventricular valve (LAVV) zone of apposition (ZOA) was complete in 47 patients and LAVV regurgitation (≥moderate) was present in 73 patients. Autologous pericardium (n = 79, 45%) and polytetrafluoroethylene felt (n = 56, 32%) were mainly used for pAVSD closure. Repair techniques for LAVV regurgitation included: ZOA suture closure (n = 142), suture annuloplasty (n = 10) and posterior band annuloplasty (n = 9). Six had LAVV replacement. There were 61 deaths over a median follow-up of 21 years (IQR 10, 38), with only 4 early deaths. In a limited subset of patients with 80 paired measurements (n = 40), median right ventricular systolic pressure declined from 43 mm Hg (IQR 35-51) to 33 mm Hg (IQR 30-44) postoperatively (P < 0.001), and this improvement was sustained over long-term follow-up (P = 0.513). A total of 34 patients underwent a reoperation (recurrent LAVV regurgitation, n = 26; left ventricular outflow-tract obstruction, n = 7; LAVV stenosis, n = 4; patch dehiscence, n = 1) with cumulative incidence of 6% and 16% at 10 and 15 years, respectively. Repair of pAVSD in adults can be done safely with low early mortality and good long-term outcomes. Postrepair reduction of pulmonary artery pressure is significant. Despite the low re-operation rates, long-term surveillance remains essential.
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Possner M, Gordon-Walker T, Egbe AC, Poterucha JT, Warnes CA, Connolly HM, Ginde S, Clift P, Kogon B, Book WM, Walker N, Wagenaar LJ, Moe T, Oechslin E, Kay WA, Norris M, Dillman JR, Trout AT, Anwar N, Hoskoppal A, Broering DC, Bzeizi K, Veldtman G. Hepatocellular carcinoma and the Fontan circulation: Clinical presentation and outcomes. Int J Cardiol 2020; 322:142-148. [PMID: 32828959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is universal in patients with a Fontan circulation. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of its severe expressions, and, though rare, frequently fatal. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcomes of HCC in patients with a Fontan circulation. METHODS A multicenter case series of Fontan patients with a diagnosis of HCC formed the basis of this study. The case series was extended by published cases and case reports. Clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, laboratory and hemodynamic findings as well as treatment types and outcomes, were described. RESULTS Fifty-four Fontan patients (50% female) with a diagnosis of HCC were included. Mean age at HCC diagnosis was 30 ± 9.4 years and mean duration from Fontan surgery to HCC diagnosis was 21.6 ± 7.4 years. Median HCC size at the time of diagnosis was 4 cm with a range of 1 to 22 cm. The tumor was located in the right hepatic lobe in 65% of the patients. Fifty-one percent had liver cirrhosis at the time of HCC diagnosis. Fifty percent of the patients had no symptoms related to HCC and alpha-fetoprotein was normal in 26% of the cases. Twenty-six patients (48%) died during a median follow-up duration of 10.6 (range 1-50) months. CONCLUSIONS HCC in Fontan patients occurs at a young age with a 1-year survival rate of only 50%. Meticulous liver surveillance is crucial to detect small tumors in the early stage.
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Mehta LS, Warnes CA, Bradley E, Burton T, Economy K, Mehran R, Safdar B, Sharma G, Wood M, Valente AM, Volgman AS. Cardiovascular Considerations in Caring for Pregnant Patients: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e884-e903. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardio-obstetrics has emerged as an important multidisciplinary field that requires a team approach to the management of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy. Cardiac conditions during pregnancy include hypertensive disorders, hypercholesterolemia, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, valvular disease, thromboembolic disease, aortic disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of pregnancy-related mortality in the United States. Advancing maternal age and preexisting comorbid conditions have contributed to the increased rates of maternal mortality. Preconception counseling by the multidisciplinary cardio-obstetrics team is essential for women with preexistent cardiac conditions or history of preeclampsia. Early involvement of the cardio-obstetrics team is critical to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality during the length of the pregnancy and 1 year postpartum. A general understanding of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy should be a core knowledge area for all cardiovascular and primary care clinicians. This scientific statement provides an overview of the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy.
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Egbe AC, Miranda WR, Bonnichsen CR, Warnes CA, Connolly HM. Potential Benefits of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Coarctation of Aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2089-2090. [PMID: 32327108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Miranda WR, Warnes CA, Connolly HM, Taggart NW, O'Leary PW, Oh JK, Egbe AC. Echo-Doppler assessment of ventricular filling pressures in adult Fontan patients. Int J Cardiol 2019; 284:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nishimura RA, Warnes CA. Educating Cardiovascular Fellows in the Contemporary Era: Developing Competent Cardiologists. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 2:119-120. [PMID: 27829083 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Connolly HM, Miranda WR, Egbe AC, Warnes CA. Management of the Adult Patient With Congenitally Corrected Transposition: Challenges and Uncertainties. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2019; 22:61-65. [PMID: 31027566 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Congenitally corrected transposition (ccTGA) is a rare form of congenital heart disease characterized by atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance. Patients with ccTGA usually have associated congenital cardiovascular conditions; less than 1% have no associated lesions. Generally, ccTGA is identified during infancy or childhood with features of heart failure or cyanosis when there are associated lesions such as ventricular septal defect and/or pulmonic stenosis. Presentation later in life generally occurs when there are either mild or no associated lesions. Presentation during adulthood may be prompted by symptoms or signs of cardiovascular disease or due to abnormal findings on cardiac testing. Management of patients with ccTGA depends on presentation, symptoms, and associated defects. In this review, we will focus on the management of adult patients with ccTGA.
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Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Cifkova R, De Bonis M, Iung B, Johnson MR, Kintscher U, Kranke P, Lang IM, Morais J, Pieper PG, Presbitero P, Price S, Rosano GMC, Seeland U, Simoncini T, Swan L, Warnes CA. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Kardiol Pol 2019; 77:245-326. [DOI: 10.5603/kp.2019.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Miranda WR, Hagler DJ, Reeder GS, Warnes CA, Connolly HM, Egbe AC, Taggart NW. Temporary balloon occlusion of atrial septal defects in suspected or documented left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: Hemodynamic and clinical findings. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 93:1069-1075. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huntley GD, Deshmukh AJ, Warnes CA, Kapa S, Egbe AC. Longitudinal Outcomes of Epicardial and Endocardial Pacemaker Leads in the Adult Fontan Patient. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1476-1483. [PMID: 29948032 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Placement of an epicardial pacemaker system is often preferred over an endocardial system in patients who have undergone a Fontan operation, but data are limited on how these two systems perform over time in patients with Fontan palliation. We performed a retrospective review of adults with Fontan palliation who had pacemaker implantation and interrogation data at Mayo Clinic from 1994 to 2014. Lead parameters, pacing mode, and polarity were collected at the earliest device interrogation report. Clinic notes and device interrogation reports were reviewed at implantation, 6 months, and yearly after implantation to determine impedance, capture threshold (CT), and energy threshold (ET). There were 87 patients with 168 leads in the study cohort. The mean follow-up time was 7.7 years (6 months-19 years). There were 143 epicardial leads (57 atrial and 86 ventricular) and 25 endocardial leads (20 atrial and 5 ventricular). There was no difference in the baseline lead parameters between epicardial and endocardial leads for impedance (610 ± 259 versus 583 ± 156 Ω, p = 0.93), CT (2.0 ± 1.3 versus 1.8 ± 1.3 V, p = 0.28), or ET (7.1 ± 12.5 versus 6.8 ± 18.1 µJ, p = 0.29). Compared to endocardial leads, ventricular epicardial leads were associated with temporal decrease in impedance and increase in ET. Regarding clinical outcomes, epicardial leads had higher rates of failure but similar generator longevity in comparison to endocardial leads. Ventricular epicardial leads were associated with temporal decrease in impedance and increase in ET. Epicardial leads had a higher rate of failure but similar generator longevity compared to endocardial leads.
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Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Cífková R, De Bonis M, Iung B, Johnson MR, Kintscher U, Kranke P, Lang IM, Morais J, Pieper PG, Presbitero P, Price S, Rosano GMC, Seeland U, Simoncini T, Swan L, Warnes CA. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:3165-3241. [PMID: 30165544 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1121] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Egbe AC, Poterucha JT, Warnes CA, Connolly HM, Baskar S, Ginde S, Clift P, Kogon B, Book WM, Walker N, Wagenaar L, Moe T, Oechslin E, Kay WA, Norris M, Gordon-Walker T, Dillman JR, Trout A, Anwar N, Hoskoppal A, Veldtman GR. Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Fontan Operation. Circulation 2018; 138:746-748. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Egbe AC, Warnes CA. Cardiovascular Adverse Events After Aortic Valve Replacement in Mixed Aortic Valve Disease: Beyond Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 68:2591-2593. [PMID: 27931620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Warnes CA. Adult congenital heart disease: the challenges of a lifetime. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:2041-2047. [PMID: 28011704 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing population of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) poses challenges for cardiac surgeons, general cardiologists and CHD sub specialists. The patients themselves, often believing themselves to be 'totally corrected' following operative repair, also face challenges with re-operations and lifelong cardiac problems. This review examines the challenges of the past, present and future for both medical providers and patients.
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Kapa S, Vaidya V, Hodge DO, McLeod CJ, Connolly HM, Warnes CA, Asirvatham SJ. Right ventricular dysfunction in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia and sudden death. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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