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Wang A, Shen J, Rodriguez AA, Saunders EJ, Chen F, Janivara R, Darst BF, Sheng X, Xu Y, Chou AJ, Benlloch S, Dadaev T, Brook MN, Plym A, Sahimi A, Hoffman TJ, Takahashi A, Matsuda K, Momozawa Y, Fujita M, Laisk T, Figuerêdo J, Muir K, Ito S, Liu X, Uchio Y, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Lophatananon A, Wan P, Andrews C, Lori A, Choudhury PP, Schleutker J, Tammela TL, Sipeky C, Auvinen A, Giles GG, Southey MC, MacInnis RJ, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Lubinski J, Rentsch CT, Cho K, Mcmahon BH, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Martin RM, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Weischer M, Bojesen SE, Røder A, Stroomberg HV, Batra J, Chambers S, Horvath L, Clements JA, Tilly W, Risbridger GP, Gronberg H, Aly M, Szulkin R, Eklund M, Nordstrom T, Pashayan N, Dunning AM, Ghoussaini M, Travis RC, Key TJ, Riboli E, Park JY, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Albanes D, Weinstein S, Cook MB, Mucci LA, Giovannucci E, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, Penney KL, Turman C, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, Hamilton RJ, Fleshner NE, Finelli A, Parent MÉ, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Koutros S, Beane Freeman LE, Stampfer M, Wolk A, Håkansson N, Andriole GL, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Sørensen KD, Borre M, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Yeboah ED, Mensah JE, Lu YJ, Zhang HW, Feng N, Mao X, Wu Y, Zhao SC, Sun Z, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, West CM, Barnett G, Maier C, Schnoeller T, Luedeke M, Kibel AS, Drake BF, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Menegaux F, Truong T, Koudou YA, John EM, Grindedal EM, Maehle L, Khaw KT, Ingles SA, Stern MC, Vega A, Gómez-Caamaño A, Fachal L, Rosenstein BS, Kerns SL, Ostrer H, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Brandão A, Watya S, Lubwama A, Bensen JT, Butler EN, Mohler JL, Taylor JA, Kogevinas M, Dierssen-Sotos T, Castaño-Vinyals G, Cannon-Albright L, Teerlink CC, Huff CD, Pilie P, Yu Y, Bohlender RJ, Gu J, Strom SS, Multigner L, Blanchet P, Brureau L, Kaneva R, Slavov C, Mitev V, Leach RJ, Brenner H, Chen X, Holleczek B, Schöttker B, Klein EA, Hsing AW, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Logothetis CJ, Kim J, Neuhausen SL, Steele L, Ding YC, Isaacs WB, Nemesure B, Hennis AJ, Carpten J, Pandha H, Michael A, Ruyck KD, Meerleer GD, Ost P, Xu J, Razack A, Lim J, Teo SH, Newcomb LF, Lin DW, Fowke JH, Neslund-Dudas CM, Rybicki BA, Gamulin M, Lessel D, Kulis T, Usmani N, Abraham A, Singhal S, Parliament M, Claessens F, Joniau S, den Broeck TV, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Martinez ME, Larkin S, Townsend PA, Aukim-Hastie C, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Crawford DC, Srivastava S, Cullen J, Petrovics G, Casey G, Wang Y, Tettey Y, Lachance J, Tang W, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Yamoah K, Govindasami K, Chokkalingam AP, Keaton JM, Hellwege JN, Clark PE, Jalloh M, Gueye SM, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Shittu O, Amodu O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Ajibola HO, Jamda MA, Oluwole OP, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Diop H, Gundell SM, Roobol MJ, Jenster G, van Schaik RH, Hu JJ, Sanderson M, Kachuri L, Varma R, McKean-Cowdin R, Torres M, Preuss MH, Loos RJ, Zawistowski M, Zöllner S, Lu Z, Van Den Eeden SK, Easton DF, Ambs S, Edwards TL, Mägi R, Rebbeck TR, Fritsche L, Chanock SJ, Berndt SI, Wiklund F, Nakagawa H, Witte JS, Gaziano JM, Justice AC, Mancuso N, Terao C, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Madduri RK, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2065-2074. [PMID: 37945903 PMCID: PMC10841479 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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Hagag AM, Kaye R, Hoang V, Riedl S, Anders P, Stuart B, Traber G, Appenzeller-Herzog C, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Bogunovic H, Scholl HP, Prevost T, Fritsche L, Rueckert D, Sivaprasad S, Lotery AJ. Systematic review of prognostic factors associated with progression to late age-related macular degeneration: Pinnacle study report 2. Surv Ophthalmol 2023:S0039-6257(23)00140-6. [PMID: 37890677 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to identify accurately prognostic factors that determine the progression of intermediate to late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Currently, clinicians cannot provide individualised prognoses of disease progression. Moreover, enriching clinical trials with rapid progressors may facilitate delivery of shorter intervention trials aimed at delaying or preventing progression to late AMD. Thus, we performed a systematic review to outline and assess the accuracy of reporting prognostic factors for the progression of intermediate to late AMD. A meta-analysis was originally planned. Synonyms of AMD and disease progression were used to search Medline and EMBASE for articles investigating AMD progression published between 1991 and 2021. Initial search results included 3229 articles. Predetermined eligibility criteria were employed to systematically screen papers by two reviewers working independently and in duplicate. Quality appraisal and data extraction were performed by a team of reviewers. Only 6 studies met the eligibility criteria. Based on these articles, exploratory prognostic factors for progression of intermediate to late AMD included phenotypic features (e.g. location and size of drusen), age, smoking status, ocular and systemic co-morbidities, race, and genotype. Overall, study heterogeneity precluded reporting by forest plots and meta-analysis. The most commonly reported prognostic factors were baseline drusen volume/size, which was associated with progression to neovascular AMD, and outer retinal thinning linked to progression to geographic atrophy. In conclusion, poor methodological quality of included studies warrants cautious interpretation of our findings. Rigorous studies are warranted to provide robust evidence in the future.
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Pasternak AL, Ward K, Irwin M, Okerberg C, Hayes D, Fritsche L, Zoellner S, Virzi J, Choe HM, Ellingrod V. Identifying the prevalence of clinically actionable drug-gene interactions in a health system biorepository to guide pharmacogenetics implementation services. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 16:292-304. [PMID: 36510710 PMCID: PMC9926071 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding patterns of drug-gene interactions (DGIs) is important for advancing the clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics (PGx) into routine practice. Prior studies have estimated the prevalence of DGIs, but few have confirmed DGIs in patients with known genotypes and prescriptions, nor have they evaluated clinician characteristics associated with DGI-prescribing. This retrospective chart review assessed prevalence of DGI, defined as a medication prescription in a patient with a PGx phenotype that has a clinical practice guideline recommendation to adjust therapy or monitor drug response, for patients enrolled in a research genetic biorepository linked to electronic health records (EHRs). The prevalence of prescriptions for medications with pharmacogenetic (PGx) guidelines, proportion of prescriptions with DGI, location of DGI prescription, and clinical service of the prescriber were evaluated descriptively. Seventy-five percent (57,058/75,337) of patients had a prescription for a medication with a PGx guideline. Up to 60% (n = 26,067/43,647) of patients had at least one DGI when considering recommendations to adjust or monitor therapy based on genotype. The majority (61%) of DGIs occurred in outpatient prescriptions. Proton pump inhibitors were the most common DGI medication for 11 of 12 clinical services. Almost 25% of patients (n = 10,706/43,647) had more than one unique DGI, and, among this group of patients, 61% had a DGI with more than one gene. These findings can inform future clinical implementation by identifying key stakeholders for initial DGI prescriptions, helping to inform workflows. The high prevalence of multigene interactions identified also support the use of panel PGx testing as an implementation strategy.
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Koh. Schwartz A, Vidal A, Fritsche L, Nirgianakis K, Vo. Wolff M, Mitter V. P–310 Women with endometriosis achieve live birth after a similar number of embryo transfers independent of the endometriosis subtype. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
How many embryo transfers are needed to achieve the first live birth in women with endometriosis depending on disease localisation?
Summary answer
The number of transfers needed to achieve live birth in women with endometriosis is independent from the disease’s subtype.
What is known already
Infertility is one of the leading symptoms in women with endometriosis. Endometriosis is also known to negatively impact in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. A reduction of oocyte yield, especially of mature oocytes in women with endometrioma (OMA) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) has been shown. Inflammatory processes possibly affect folliculogenesis and oocyte development, maybe impeding embryo development and implantation. In contrast, even with fewer retrieved oocytes per cycle live birth rate was not affected. However, it is currently unknown if specific endometriosis subtypes could differentially affect IVF success. This would be relevant for a more targeted counseling regarding the treatment success.
Study design, size, duration
This is a single-center cohort study including women (N = 229) with embryo transfer cycles leading to live birth at the Bern University Hospital between 2010 and 2017. We only included women until they achieved the first live birth at our center. Participants/materials, setting, methods: We included 86 women with endometriosis and 143 women with male factor infertility serving as comparison group. We collected patient characteristics, details from the endometriosis surgery and reproductive treatment and outcomes from medical reports. We hierarchically classified the dominant endometriosis localizations as follows: deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE, N = 21) > ovarian endometriosis (OMA, N = 35) > superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SUP, N = 30). We compared the number of embryo transfers needed to achieve a live birth.
Main results and the role of chance
Women with endometriosis were older (34.5 ± 3.9 years) than women from the control group (33.4 ± 3.9), p = 0.03. Body-mass-index, previous parity or Anti-Mullerian hormone level did not differ between the groups SUP, OMA, DIE or the comparison group. The number of necessary embryo transfer cycles to achieve a live birth did not differ between women with SUP (3.4 ± 2.6 embryo transfers), OMA (2.9 ± 2.0), DIE (3.0 ± 2.4) and the comparison group (2.9 ± 2.2), p = 0.59. IVF is beneficial in women with endometriosis, especially when OMA and/or DIE affect mobility of tubes and ovaries and spontaneous pregnancy is unlikely or impossible. This could account for the equal number of transfer cycles needed to achieve a live birth in women with OMA compared to the comparison group, even though the women with endometriosis were of older age. This is reassuring when counseling women with endometriosis.
Limitations, reasons for caution
We did not calculate cumulative pregnancy rate per cycle, because in Switzerland IVF treatment is at the patient’s own cost and therefore biased. We wanted to include all women with endometriosis, so fresh and thawing cycles were included. Women from the comparison group had no surgical exclusion of endometriosis.
Wider implications of the findings: Our study suggests that the endometriosis subtype does not determine the embryo transfer success rate after IVF and therefore is less relevant for counseling. Individualized anti-inflammatory treatment before embryo transfer might positively affect the cycles’ outcome. Studies with a larger sample are required to be more conclusive on this issue.
Trial registration number
BASEC 2015–00235
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Klarin D, Verma SS, Judy R, Dikilitas O, Wolford BN, Paranjpe I, Levin MG, Pan C, Tcheandjieu C, Spin JM, Lynch J, Assimes TL, Åldstedt Nyrønning L, Mattsson E, Edwards TL, Denny J, Larson E, Lee MTM, Carrell D, Zhang Y, Jarvik GP, Gharavi AG, Harley J, Mentch F, Pacheco JA, Hakonarson H, Skogholt AH, Thomas L, Gabrielsen ME, Hveem K, Nielsen JB, Zhou W, Fritsche L, Huang J, Natarajan P, Sun YV, DuVall SL, Rader DJ, Cho K, Chang KM, Wilson PWF, O'Donnell CJ, Kathiresan S, Scali ST, Berceli SA, Willer C, Jones GT, Bown MJ, Nadkarni G, Kullo IJ, Ritchie M, Damrauer SM, Tsao PS. Genetic Architecture of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Million Veteran Program. Circulation 2020; 142:1633-1646. [PMID: 32981348 PMCID: PMC7580856 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important cause of cardiovascular mortality; however, its genetic determinants remain incompletely defined. In total, 10 previously identified risk loci explain a small fraction of AAA heritability.
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Gerlini R, Berti L, Darr J, Lassi M, Brandmaier S, Fritsche L, Scheid F, Böhm A, Königsrainer A, Grallert H, Häring HU, Hrabě de Angelis M, Staiger H, Teperino R. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity define adipocyte transcriptional programs in human obesity. Mol Metab 2018; 18:42-50. [PMID: 30309776 PMCID: PMC6308911 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although debated, metabolic health characterizes 10-25% of obese individuals and reduces risk of developing life-threatening co-morbidities. Adipose tissue is a recognized endocrine organ important for the maintenance of whole-body metabolic health. Adipocyte transcriptional signatures of healthy and unhealthy obesity are largely unknown. METHODS Here, we used a small cohort of highly characterized obese individuals discordant for metabolic health, characterized their adipocytes transcriptional signatures, and cross-referenced them to mouse phenotypic and human GWAs databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that glucose intolerance and insulin resistance co-operate to remodel adipocyte transcriptome. We also identified the Nuclear Export Mediator Factor (NEMF) and the Ectoderm-Neural Cortex 1 (ENC1) as novel potential targets in the management of metabolic health in human obesity.
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Fan Q, Maranville JC, Fritsche L, Sim X, Cheung CMG, Chen LJ, Gorski M, Yamashiro K, Ahn J, Laude A, Dorajoo R, Lim TH, Teo YY, Blaustein RO, Yoshimura N, Park KH, Pang CP, Tai ES, Khor CC, Wong TY, Runz H, Cheng CY. HDL-cholesterol levels and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a multiethnic genetic study using Mendelian randomization. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:1891-1902. [PMID: 29025108 PMCID: PMC5837540 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia, particularly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss. However, epidemiological studies have yielded conflicting results. Methods We investigated the causal role of plasma lipid levels in AMD in multiethnic populations comprising 16 144 advanced AMD cases and 17 832 controls of European descent, together with 2219 cases and 5275 controls of Asian descent, using Mendelian randomization in three models. Model 1 is a conventional meta-analysis which does not account for pleiotropy of instrumental variable (IV) effects. Model 2 is a univariate, inverse variance weighted regression analysis that accounts for potential unbalanced pleiotropy using MR-Egger method. Finally, Model 3 is a multivariate regression analysis that addresses pleiotropy by MR-Egger method and by adjusting for effects on other lipid traits. Results A 1 standard deviation (SD) higher HDL-cholesterol level was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for AMD of 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.07–1.29) in Europeans (P = 6.88 × 10–4) and of 1.58 (1.24–2.00) in Asians (P = 2.92 × 10–4) in Model 3. The corresponding OR estimates were 1.30 (1.09–1.55) in Europeans (P = 3.18 × 10–3) and 1.42 (1.11—1.80) in Asians (P = 4.42 × 10–3) in Model 1, and 1.21 (1.11–1.31) in Europeans (P = 3.12 × 10–5) and 1.51 (1.20–1.91) in Asians (P = 7.61 × 10–4) in Model 2. Conversely, neither LDL-C (Europeans: OR = 0.96, P = 0.272; Asians: OR = 1.02, P = 0.874; Model 3) nor triglyceride levels (Europeans: OR = 0.91, P = 0.102; Asians: OR = 1.06, P = 0.613) were associated with AMD. We also assessed the association between lipid levels and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in Asians, a subtype of AMD, and found a similar trend for association of PCV with HDL-C levels. Conclusions Our study shows that high levels of plasma HDL-C are causally associated with an increased risk for advanced AMD in European and Asian populations, implying that strategies reducing HDL-C levels may be useful to prevent and treat AMD.
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Gusarova V, O'Dushlaine C, Teslovich TM, Benotti PN, Mirshahi T, Gottesman O, Van Hout CV, Murray MF, Mahajan A, Nielsen JB, Fritsche L, Wulff AB, Gudbjartsson DF, Sjögren M, Emdin CA, Scott RA, Lee WJ, Small A, Kwee LC, Dwivedi OP, Prasad RB, Bruse S, Lopez AE, Penn J, Marcketta A, Leader JB, Still CD, Kirchner HL, Mirshahi UL, Wardeh AH, Hartle CM, Habegger L, Fetterolf SN, Tusie-Luna T, Morris AP, Holm H, Steinthorsdottir V, Sulem P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Rotter JI, Chuang LM, Damrauer S, Birtwell D, Brummett CM, Khera AV, Natarajan P, Orho-Melander M, Flannick J, Lotta LA, Willer CJ, Holmen OL, Ritchie MD, Ledbetter DH, Murphy AJ, Borecki IB, Reid JG, Overton JD, Hansson O, Groop L, Shah SH, Kraus WE, Rader DJ, Chen YDI, Hveem K, Wareham NJ, Kathiresan S, Melander O, Stefansson K, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Abecasis GR, Altshuler D, Florez JC, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Yancopoulos GD, Carey DJ, Shuldiner AR, Baras A, Dewey FE, Gromada J. Genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose homeostasis and is associated with reduced risk of diabetes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2252. [PMID: 29899519 PMCID: PMC5997992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is an endogenous inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase that modulates lipid levels, coronary atherosclerosis risk, and nutrient partitioning. We hypothesize that loss of ANGPTL4 function might improve glucose homeostasis and decrease risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigate protein-altering variants in ANGPTL4 among 58,124 participants in the DiscovEHR human genetics study, with follow-up studies in 82,766 T2D cases and 498,761 controls. Carriers of p.E40K, a variant that abolishes ANGPTL4 ability to inhibit lipoprotein lipase, have lower odds of T2D (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.85–0.92, p = 6.3 × 10−10), lower fasting glucose, and greater insulin sensitivity. Predicted loss-of-function variants are associated with lower odds of T2D among 32,015 cases and 84,006 controls (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.99, p = 0.041). Functional studies in Angptl4-deficient mice confirm improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 is associated with improved glucose homeostasis and reduced risk of T2D. Genetic variation in ANGPTL4 is associated with lipid traits. Here, the authors find that predicted loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL4 are associated with glucose homeostasis and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and that Angptl4−/− mice on a high-fat diet show improved insulin sensitivity.
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Løset M, Modalsli E, Snekvik I, Solvin Ø, Holmen O, Gabrielsen M, Fritsche L, Zhou W, Nielsen J, Brumpton B, Skogholt A, Romundstad P, Abecasis G, Willer C, Saunes M, Hveem K. 743 HUNTing for genes that affect inflammatory skin disease in 4,071 cases and 40,430 controls. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sailer C, Stefan N, Schmid V, Fritsche L, Vosseler A, Wagner R, Peter A, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Heni M. Der Zusammenhang von LDL-Cholesterin mit Insulinsensitivität und Insulinsekretion. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lutz SZ, Fritsche L, Peter A, Rettig I, Wagner R, Willmann C, Fehlert E, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Heni M. Geschlechtsspezifischer Zusammenhang von Testosteron mit Insulinsensitivität. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Helgadottir A, Thorleifsson G, Gretarsdottir S, Stefansson OA, Tragante V, Thorolfsdottir RB, Jonsdottir I, Bjornsson T, Steinthorsdottir V, Verweij N, Nielsen JB, Zhou W, Folkersen L, Martinsson A, Heydarpour M, Prakash S, Oskarsson G, Gudbjartsson T, Geirsson A, Olafsson I, Sigurdsson EL, Almgren P, Melander O, Franco-Cereceda A, Hamsten A, Fritsche L, Lin M, Yang B, Hornsby W, Guo D, Brummett CM, Abecasis G, Mathis M, Milewicz D, Body SC, Eriksson P, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Newton-Cheh C, Smith JG, Danielsen R, Thorgeirsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genome-wide analysis yields new loci associating with aortic valve stenosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:987. [PMID: 29511194 PMCID: PMC5840367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease, and valve replacement is the only definitive treatment. Here we report a large genome-wide association (GWA) study of 2,457 Icelandic AS cases and 349,342 controls with a follow-up in up to 4,850 cases and 451,731 controls of European ancestry. We identify two new AS loci, on chromosome 1p21 near PALMD (rs7543130; odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, P = 1.2 × 10−22) and on chromosome 2q22 in TEX41 (rs1830321; OR = 1.15, P = 1.8 × 10−13). Rs7543130 also associates with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) (OR = 1.28, P = 6.6 × 10−10) and aortic root diameter (P = 1.30 × 10−8), and rs1830321 associates with BAV (OR = 1.12, P = 5.3 × 10−3) and coronary artery disease (OR = 1.05, P = 9.3 × 10−5). The results implicate both cardiac developmental abnormalities and atherosclerosis-like processes in the pathogenesis of AS. We show that several pathways are shared by CAD and AS. Causal analysis suggests that the shared risk factors of Lp(a) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contribute substantially to the frequent co-occurence of these diseases. Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease. Here the authors identify two new AS loci that also associate with bicuspid aortic valve, aortic root diameter and/or coronary artery disease implicating both developmental abnormalities and atherosclerosis-like processes in AS.
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Liu DJ, Peloso GM, Yu H, Butterworth AS, Wang X, Mahajan A, Saleheen D, Emdin C, Alam D, Alves AC, Amouyel P, di Angelantonio E, Arveiler D, Assimes TL, Auer PL, Baber U, Ballantyne CM, Bang LE, Benn M, Bis JC, Boehnke M, Boerwinkle E, Bork-Jensen J, Bottinger EP, Brandslund I, Brown M, Busonero F, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YE, Chen YDI, Chowdhury R, Christensen C, Chu AY, Connell JM, Cucca F, Cupples LA, Damrauer SM, Davies G, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Denny JC, Dominiczak A, Dubé MP, Ebeling T, Eiriksdottir G, Esko T, Farmaki AE, Feitosa MF, Ferrario M, Ferrieres J, Ford I, Fornage M, Franks PW, Frayling TM, Frikke-Schmidt R, Fritsche L, Frossard P, Fuster V, Ganesh SK, Gao W, Garcia ME, Gieger C, Giulianini F, Goodarzi MO, Grallert H, Grarup N, Groop L, Grove ML, Gudnason V, Hansen T, Harris TB, Hayward C, Hirschhorn JN, Holmen OL, Huffman J, Huo Y, Hveem K, Jabeen S, Jackson AU, Jakobsdottir J, Jarvelin MR, Jensen GB, Jørgensen ME, Jukema JW, Justesen JM, Kamstrup PR, Kanoni S, Karpe F, Kee F, Khera AV, Klarin D, Koistinen HA, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Kuulasmaa K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lakka T, Langenberg C, Langsted A, Launer LJ, Lauritzen T, Liewald DCM, Lin LA, Linneberg A, Loos RJ, Lu Y, Lu X, Mägi R, Malarstig A, Manichaikul A, Manning AK, Mäntyselkä P, Marouli E, Masca NGD, Maschio A, Meigs JB, Melander O, Metspalu A, Morris AP, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Müller-Nurasyid M, Munroe PB, Neville MJ, Nielsen JB, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, Ordovas JM, Mehran R, O’Donnell CJ, Orho-Melander M, Molony CM, Muntendam P, Padmanabhan S, Palmer CNA, Pasko D, Patel AP, Pedersen O, Perola M, Peters A, Pisinger C, Pistis G, Polasek O, Poulter N, Psaty BM, Rader DJ, Rasheed A, Rauramaa R, Reilly D, Reiner AP, Renström F, Rich SS, Ridker PM, Rioux JD, Robertson NR, Roden DM, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sanna S, Sattar N, Schmidt EM, Scott RA, Sever P, Sevilla RS, Shaffer CM, Sim X, Sivapalaratnam S, Small KS, Smith AV, Smith BH, Somayajula S, Southam L, Spector TD, Speliotes EK, Starr JM, Stirrups KE, Stitziel N, Strauch K, Stringham HM, Surendran P, Tada H, Tall AR, Tang H, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Trompet S, Tsao PS, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, van Zuydam NR, Varbo A, Varga TV, Virtamo J, Waldenberger M, Wang N, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Weeke PE, Weinstock J, Wessel J, Wilson JG, Wilson PWF, Xu M, Yaghootkar H, Young R, Zeggini E, Zhang H, Zheng NS, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Zoledziewska M, Howson JMM, Danesh J, McCarthy MI, Cowan C, Abecasis G, Deloukas P, Musunuru K, Willer CJ, Kathiresan S. Exome-wide association study of plasma lipids in >300,000 individuals. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1758-1766. [PMID: 29083408 PMCID: PMC5709146 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We screened variants on an exome-focused genotyping array in >300,000 participants (replication in >280,000 participants) and identified 444 independent variants in 250 loci significantly associated with total cholesterol (TC), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and/or triglycerides (TG). At two loci (JAK2 and A1CF), experimental analysis in mice showed lipid changes consistent with the human data. We also found that: (i) beta-thalassemia trait carriers displayed lower TC and were protected from coronary artery disease (CAD); (ii) excluding the CETP locus, there was not a predictable relationship between plasma HDL-C and risk for age-related macular degeneration; (iii) only some mechanisms of lowering LDL-C appeared to increase risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D); and (iv) TG-lowering alleles involved in hepatic production of TG-rich lipoproteins (TM6SF2 and PNPLA3) tracked with higher liver fat, higher risk for T2D, and lower risk for CAD, whereas TG-lowering alleles involved in peripheral lipolysis (LPL and ANGPTL4) had no effect on liver fat but decreased risks for both T2D and CAD.
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Liu M, Rea-Sandin G, Foerster J, Fritsche L, Brieger K, Clark C, Li K, Pandit A, Zajac G, Abecasis GR, Vrieze S. Validating Online Measures of Cognitive Ability in Genes for Good, a Genetic Study of Health and Behavior. Assessment 2017; 27:136-148. [PMID: 29182012 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117744048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic association studies routinely require many thousands of participants to achieve sufficient power, yet accumulation of large well-assessed samples is costly. We describe here an effort to efficiently measure cognitive ability and personality in an online genetic study, Genes for Good. We report on the first 21,550 participants with relevant phenotypic data, 7,458 of whom have been genotyped genome-wide. Measures of crystallized and fluid intelligence reflected a two-dimensional latent ability space, with items demonstrating adequate item-level characteristics. The Big Five Inventory questionnaire revealed the expected five-factor model of personality. Cognitive measures predicted educational attainment over and above personality characteristics, as expected. We found that a genome-wide polygenic score of educational attainment predicted educational level, accounting for 4%, 4%, and 2.7% of the variance in educational attainment, verbal reasoning, and spatial reasoning, respectively. In summary, the online cognitive measures in Genes for Good appear to perform adequately and demonstrate expected associations with personality, education, and an education-based polygenic score. Results indicate that online cognitive assessment is one avenue to accumulate large samples of individuals for genetic research of cognitive ability.
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Karas W, Noffke J, Fritsche L. Electronic and magnetic properties of thin ferromagnetic films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/jcp/1989860861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Yang B, Zhou W, Jiao J, Nielsen JB, Mathis MR, Heydarpour M, Lettre G, Folkersen L, Prakash S, Schurmann C, Fritsche L, Farnum GA, Lin M, Othman M, Hornsby W, Driscoll A, Levasseur A, Thomas M, Farhat L, Dubé MP, Isselbacher EM, Franco-Cereceda A, Guo DC, Bottinger EP, Deeb GM, Booher A, Kheterpal S, Chen YE, Kang HM, Kitzman J, Cordell HJ, Keavney BD, Goodship JA, Ganesh SK, Abecasis G, Eagle KA, Boyle AP, Loos RJF, Eriksson P, Tardif JC, Brummett CM, Milewicz DM, Body SC, Willer CJ. Protein-altering and regulatory genetic variants near GATA4 implicated in bicuspid aortic valve. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15481. [PMID: 28541271 PMCID: PMC5458508 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a heritable congenital heart defect and an important risk factor for valvulopathy and aortopathy. Here we report a genome-wide association scan of 466 BAV cases and 4,660 age, sex and ethnicity-matched controls with replication in up to 1,326 cases and 8,103 controls. We identify association with a noncoding variant 151 kb from the gene encoding the cardiac-specific transcription factor, GATA4, and near-significance for p.Ser377Gly in GATA4. GATA4 was interrupted by CRISPR-Cas9 in induced pluripotent stem cells from healthy donors. The disruption of GATA4 significantly impaired the transition from endothelial cells into mesenchymal cells, a critical step in heart valve development.
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Fritsche L, Kantartzis K, Bombrich M, Machann J, Schick F, Kunz I, Schoop R, Lehn-Stefan A, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Stefan N. Eine Einnahme von Resveratrol interagiert mit dem Ausmass des basalen Leberfettgehalts hinsichtlich der Änderung des Leberfettgehalts: eine 12 Wochen, randomisierte, doppelt-blinde, Placebo-kontrollierte klinische Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Baumeier C, Schlüter L, Saussenthaler S, Fritsche L, Fritsche A, Schwenk RW, Schürmann A. Elevated hepatic DPP4 causes fatty liver and insulin resistance. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fritsche L, Wagner R, Böhm A, Ellen F, Ketterer C, Kullmann S, Peter A, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Heni M. Prolaktinwirkung im menschlichen Gehirn assoziiert mit Insulinsensitivität. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fehlert E, Willmann K, Fritsche L, Linder K, Mat-Husin H, Schleger F, Weiss M, Kiefer-Schmidt I, Brucker S, Häring HU, Preissl H, Fritsche A. Gestational diabetes alters the fetal heart rate variability during an oral glucose tolerance test: a fetal magnetocardiography study. BJOG 2016; 124:1891-1898. [PMID: 28029217 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) potentially harms the child before birth. We previously found GDM to be associated with developmental changes in the central nervous system. We now hypothesise that GDM may also impact on the fetal autonomic nervous system under metabolic stress like an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). DESIGN We measured heart rate variability (HRV) of mothers and fetuses during a three-point OGTT using fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG). SETTING Measurements were performed in the fMEG Centre in Tübingen. POPULATION After exclusion of 23 participants, 13 pregnant women with GDM and 36 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were examined. METHODS All women underwent the same examination setting with OGTT during which fMCG was recorded three times. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Parameters of heart rate variability were measured. RESULTS Compared with mothers with normal glucose regulation, mothers with GDM showed increased heart rate but no significant differences of maternal HRV. In contrast, HRV in fetuses of mothers with GDM differed from those in the metabolically healthy group regarding standard deviation normal to normal beat (SDNN) (P = 0.012), low-frequency band (P = 0.008) and high-frequency band (P = 0.031). These HRV parameters exhibit a decrease only in GDM fetuses during the second hour of the OGTT. CONCLUSIONS These results show an altered response of the fetal autonomic nervous system to metabolic stress in GDM-complicated pregnancies. Hence, disturbances in maternal glucose metabolism might not only impact on the central nervous system of the fetus but may also affect the fetal autonomic nervous system. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Metabolic stress reveals a different response of fetal autonomic nervous system in GDM-complicated pregnancies.
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Fritsche L, Wagner R, Schulz H, Sailer C, Häring HU, Fritsche A. Unterschiedliche Faktoren der Insulinresistenz während und nach der Schwangerschaft. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fehlert E, Wagner R, Ketterer C, Fritsche L, Staiger H, Schick F, Machicao F, Machann J, Stefan N, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Heni M. Genetische Determinanten der Körperfettverteilung und ihre Einflüsse auf den Metabolismus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmid V, Sailer C, Fritsche L, Heni M, Wagner R, Stefan N, Häring HU, Fritsche A. Welche metabolischen Faktoren sagen den Langzeiterfolg einer Lebensstilintervention zur Prävention des Typ-2-Diabetes vorher? – Ergebnisse der TULIP-Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wagner R, Fehlert E, Sailer C, Schmid V, Fritsche L, Jaghutriz AB, Staiger H, Machicao F, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Heni M. Ein höherer Triglyzerid- und Glukosespiegel verstärkt den Effekt des FTO-Risikoallels auf den BMI. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Stirm L, Fritsche L, Ordelheide A, Stefan N, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Staiger H. Differential apelin mRNA expression in placenta of women with gestational diabetes (GDM). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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