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Araújo D, Oliveira R, Silva BL, Castro J, Ramos C, Matos F, Almeida C, Silva S. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from clinical specimens of companion animals in Northern Portugal, 2021-2023. Vet J 2024; 305:106153. [PMID: 38821205 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus spp. are growing pathogens in humans and companion animals. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus-associated infections, due to zoonotic transmission, is a major public health concern. Domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, are possible reservoirs of multi-resistant bacterial species, which makes it relevant to monitor them due to their proximity to humans. However, there is a lack of information on the real scenario in Europe, especially in Portugal, particularly for animal infections caused by Staphylococcus spp. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cats and dogs diagnosed with infection in Northern Portugal. During 2021-2023, 96 Staphylococcus isolates from dogs and cats with symptoms of bacterial infection, including animals being treated in veterinary clinics/hospitals and cadavers submitted for necropsy at INIAV were included in the study collection. Of the 96 isolates, 63 were from dogs and 33 were Staphylococcus spp. from cats, most of which were isolated from ear (57% and 18%, respectively), skin (19 % and 27 %, respectively) and respiratory tract infections (6 % and 27 %, respectively). Among all the isolates, 12 different Staphylococcus spp. were identified, with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius being the most identified (61 % from dogs and 30 % from cats). It is noteworthy that 36 % of the isolates were multi-drug resistant and 25 % of the isolates showed a methicillin-resistant phenotype, with the mecA gene having been identified in all these isolates. This study highlights a high occurrence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in companion animals in Northern Portugal. This underlines the potential for cats and dogs to act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance, that can be transmitted to humans, posing a serious threat to public health.
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Vasilopoulou M, Asimakopoulou Z, Velissari J, Vicha A, Rizogianni M, Pusa S, Stöven S, Ficarra S, Bianco Α, Jiménez-Pavón D, Ponce Gonzalez Jesus G, Tavares Paula C, Gomes B, Bayer D, Silva S, Nogueira C, Papakonstantinou S, Musa K, Glorioso F, Vantarakis A. Interventions about physical activity and diet and their impact on adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: a Prisma systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:342. [PMID: 38739198 PMCID: PMC11090968 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the past few decades, the incidence of cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYA) has been increasing. The impact of behaviors, such as physical activity (PA) and nutrition, on disease progression, prognosis, and overall health and quality of life for AYA cancer survivors is of significant importance. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PA and diet interventions for AYA cancer survivors and to critically evaluate existing literature, gaps, and limitations. METHODS A search of literature was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar following the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-two studies were included from online databases from 2012 to 2022, 13 of which were randomized controlled trials. RESULTS Most interventions were related to PA, with only four studies including nutrition or Diet interventions. The interventions were generally feasible and acceptable to AYA cancer survivors, and digitally based PA interventions were commonly used. PA interventions mainly comprised aerobic and resistance training and were individualized. Overall, this review found various PA and diet interventions for AYA cancer survivors that were feasible and well-accepted, but gaps in knowledge and design still exist. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review underscores the importance of conducting more research on diet interventions for YCS. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#aboutregpage.
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Fernandes MGO, Vilariça AS, Fernandes B, Camacho C, Saraiva C, Estevinho F, Novais E Bastos H, Lopes JM, Fidalgo P, Garrido P, Alves S, Silva S, Sequeira T, Barata F. Improving non-small-cell lung cancer survival through molecular characterization: Perspective of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Pulmonology 2024; 30:4-7. [PMID: 37210340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
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Ramadasa U, Silva S, Udumulla U, Perera S, Lekamwasam S. Caregiver strain among patients of palliative care in Sri Lanka: validation of modified caregiver strain index - Sinhala version. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:172. [PMID: 37924086 PMCID: PMC10625189 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care givers of Palliated patients are at risk of adverse physical, psychosocial and emotional sequelae in varied nature. Efficient and valid assessment tools facilitate early detection to take corrective measures. The Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI), composed of domains associated with caregiver strain is a simple and brief tool that can be used in both clinical and field settings. This study aimed to adapt and validate this in order to cater effective palliative care services in Sri Lanka. METHODS After cross-cultural adaptation, 200 primary caregivers in 3 teaching hospitals were recruited. The internal consistency, item-total correlations, of the 13-item S-MCSI were performed. The criterion validity was assessed by Pearson correlation between the total scores of S-MCSI, the Karnofky Performance Scale and the Barthel index. Construct validity was determined by the principal component analysis keeping the Varimax with Keiser normalization as the rotation method. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO) and Bartlett's test of sphericity statistics were also performed to determine the adequacy of the sample and correlations between items, respectively. The number of factors was determined by the Scree plot, percentage of variance explained by each component and number of Eigen values over 01 (Kaiser-Guttman rule). RESULTS The total MCSI score ranged 0 to 26. The overall Cronbach's alpha of the 13-item questionnaire was 0.80 while item-total corrections ranged 0.34 to 0.62, exception of one item (0.11). Inverse correlations were demonstrated in total scores of MCSI and Karnofky Performance Scale (r =- 0.32, p < 0.001) and Barthel index (r =-0.34, P < 0.001). A Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.79 (p < 0.001) for Bartlett's test indicated adequate sampling and nonlinearity of factors. The Scree plot showed a three-factor structure explaining 57% of the variation. Items regarding personal wellbeing of caregiver loaded together while the effects on the family loaded separately. Adjustment of personal concerns and family issues along with time alteration grouped as the third factor. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that the Sinhala version of MCSI has adequate psychometric properties and reliability to be used as a validated tool to estimate the caregiver burden within a short time period for any health care workers.
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Herrera ML, Silva S, Berrosteguieta I, Casanova G, Rosillo JC, Fernández AS. Rod precursors in the adult retina of the Austrolebias charrua annual fish. Tissue Cell 2023; 83:102150. [PMID: 37423033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Rod photoreceptors in the adult teleost retina are produced by rod precursors located in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Annual fishes of the genus Austrolebias exhibit extensive adult retinal cell proliferation and neurogenesis, as well as surprising adaptive strategies to their extreme and changing environment, including adult retinal plasticity. Thus, here we identify and characterize rod precursors in the ONL of the Austrolebias charrua retina. For this aim we used classical histological techniques, transmission electron microscopy, detection of cell proliferation, and immunohistochemistry. Through these complementary approaches, we describe a cell population clearly distinguishable from photoreceptors in the ONL of the adult retina of A. charrua, which we propose corresponds to the rod precursor population. These cells exhibited particular morphological and ultrastructural characteristics, uptake of cell proliferation markers (BrdU+) and expression of stem cell markers (Sox2+). Determining the existence of the population of rod precursors is crucial to understand the sequence of events related to retinal plasticity and regeneration.
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Araújo D, Castro J, Matos F, Oliveira R, Ramos C, Almeida C, Silva S. Exploring the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from clinically ill companion animals from North of Portugal. Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:183-188. [PMID: 37148737 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. is an important pathogen in humans and animals and due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, its prevalence and antibiotic resistance has increased in companion animals. The main goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from clinically ill cats and dogs admitted in veterinary clinics in the North of Portugal. A total of 255 clinical specimens were collected and, after isolation, the identification of Klebsiella strains was performed using the BBL Crystal™ identification system and confirmed by PCR-based sequencing with specific primers. Antibiotic resistance profile was determined through the disc diffusion method. Beta-lactam resistance genes were screened through a multiplex PCR assay. Fifty Klebsiella strains were isolated and, 39 were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and 11 as Klebsiella oxytoca. Thirty-one were recovered from dogs and 19 from cats. The Klebsiella isolates were recovered mainly from skin wounds, respiratory tract, and from urine. Fifty percent of K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae isolates revealed to be Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strains, with most of them positive for the presence of blaTEM-like and blaSHV genes. This data shows that MDR Klebsiella are highly disseminated in companion animals and that extended-spectrum beta-lactamases can be easily found among these isolates. This highlights the potential role of dogs and cats as a reservoir of resistant Klebsiella spp. that have the potential to be transmitted to humans.
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Araújo D, Gonçalves B, Vilas Boas D, Rodrigues ME, Henriques M, Silva S. Combined Application of Antisense Oligomers to Control Transcription Factors of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation. Mycopathologia 2023:10.1007/s11046-023-00734-0. [PMID: 37099227 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligomers (ASOs) have been little exploited to control determinants of Candida albicans virulence. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor of C. albicans, that is regulated by a complex network of transcription factors (such as EFG1, BRG1 and ROB1). Thus, the main goal of this work was to project ASOs, based on the 2'-OMethyl chemical modification, to target BRG1 and ROB1 mRNA and to validate its application either alone or in combination with the EFG1 mRNA target, to reduce C. albicans biofilm formation. The ability of ASOs to control gene expression was evaluate by qRT-PCR. The effect on biofilm formation was determined by the total biomass quantification, and simultaneously the carbohydrates and proteins reduction on extracellular matrix. It was verified that all the oligomers were able to reduce the levels of gene expression and the ability of C. albicans to form biofilms. Furthermore, the combined application of the cocktail of ASOs enhances the inhibition of C. albicans biofilm formation, minimizing biofilm thickness by reducing the quantity of matrix content (protein and carbohydrate). So, our work confirms that ASOs are useful tools for research and therapeutic development on the control of Candida species biofilm formation.
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Cogliati M, Arikan-Akdagli S, Barac A, Bostanaru AC, Brito S, Çerikçioğlu N, Efstratiou MA, Ergin Ç, Esposto MC, Frenkel M, Gangneux JP, Gitto A, Gonçalves CI, Guegan H, Gunde-Cimerman N, Güran M, Jonikaitė E, Kataržytė M, Klingspor L, Mares M, Meijer WG, Melchers WJG, Meletiadis J, Nastasa V, Babič MN, Ogunc D, Ozhak B, Prigitano A, Ranque S, Romanò L, Rusu RO, Sabino R, Sampaio A, Silva S, Stephens JH, Tehupeiory-Kooreman M, Velegraki A, Veríssimo C, Segal E, Brandão J. Environmental and bioclimatic factors influencing yeasts and molds distribution along European shores. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160132. [PMID: 36400291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study employed data collected during the Mycosands survey to investigate the environmental factors influencing yeasts and molds distribution along European shores applying a species distribution modelling approach. Occurrence data were compared to climatic datasets (temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation), soil datasets (chemical and physical properties), and water datasets (temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentration) downloaded from web databases. Analyses were performed by MaxEnt software. Results suggested a different probability of distribution of yeasts and molds along European shores. Yeasts seem to tolerate low temperatures better during winter than molds and this reflects a higher suitability for the Northern European coasts. This difference is more evident considering suitability in waters. Both distributions of molds and yeasts are influenced by basic soil pH, probably because acidic soils are more favorable to bacterial growth. Soils with high nitrogen concentrations are not suitable for fungal growth, which, in contrast, are optimal for plant growth, favored by this environment. Finally, molds show affinity with soil rich in nickel and yeasts with soils rich in cadmium resulting in a distribution mainly at the mouths of European rivers or lagoons, where these metals accumulate in river sediments.
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Santos-Pereira M, Silva S, Santos-Leite L, Silva A, Terceiro A, Pinto C, Canedo T, Monteiro F, Summavielle T, Vicent K, Treede R, Nagel J, Merlos M, Cruz F, Charrua A. The insula, a key brain area for bladder pain control, is modulated by stress. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Tempaku P, D´;Almeida V, Silva S, Bittencourt L, Belangero S, Tufik S. Study of the Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Telomere Length and its Associated Mechanisms. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ramos P, Mateus A, Vale L, Botelho F, Manso M, Silva S, Pacheco-Figueiredo L, Silva C. Prognostic impact of variant histology in bladder cancer: Would early and aggressive treatment shift the paradigm? EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)02356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Kislaya I, Rodrigues AP, Silva S, Santos AJ, Matias Dias C, Nunes B, Machado A. Impact of booster vaccination on COVID-19 outcomes in Portuguese population aged 80 or more years old. Eur J Public Health 2022. [PMCID: PMC9594436 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is essential to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and complications. The study aimed to estimate the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections, COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths averted by booster vaccination in Portuguese population aged 80 or more years old. Methods We developed an ecological study for the period of the Omicron variant of concern predominance (week 2 to week 16, 2022). Data on vaccine coverage and effectiveness, and number of events of different severity reported to the national COVID-19 surveillance system were used to estimate the number of averted events, prevented fraction and number needed to vaccinate. Uncertainty intervals (UI) were obtained using Monte Carlo simulations. Results By week 2 2022, vaccination coverage in the target population reached 91.2%. Booster vaccine effectiveness was 4.1% (CI95%: -0.1 to 9.0), 87.5% (CI95%: 84.9 to 89.7) and 83.2 (CI95%: 80.3 to 85.7) against infection, hospitalization and death, respectively. During the study period, 70862 SARS-CoV-2 infections, 2697 COVID-19 hospitalizations and 2106 deaths were reported. Booster vaccination averted 2731 (UI95%: -298 to 5838) infections, 10629 (UI95%: 9173 to 12127) hospitalizations and 6608 (UI95%: 5725 to 7546) COVID-19 related deaths among individuals aged 80 years or more resident in Portugal. Prevented fractions were 3.7% (UI95%: 0 to 7.6%), 79.7% (UI95%: 77.3 to 81.7%) and 75.8% (UI95%: 73.2 to 78.1%), respectively. It would require to vaccinate 59 individuals (UI95%: 52 to 69) to prevent one hospitalization and 94 individuals (UI95%: 82 to 109) to prevent one death in the target population. Conclusions The booster vaccination strategy had considerable impact on preventing severe outcomes in the Portuguese population aged 80 and more years old. Key messages • High vaccine coverage combined with high vaccine effectiveness resulted in considerable reduction of severe COVID-19 outcomes. • Information on number of outcomes of different severity levels averted by COVID-19 booster vaccination allows to strength public health communication.
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Cruz EDA, Covo MZ, Pavese R, Grigoletti LS, Luz OO, Onofre S, Silva S. IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 NAS DOAÇÕES DE SANGUE TOTAL E AFÉRESE NO HEMOCENTRO COORDENADOR DO PARANÁ. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022. [PMCID: PMC9574158 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
O doador de sangue é a figura central no processo de produção de hemocomponentes. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu na análise do impacto da pandemia da COVID - 19 no fornecimento dos produtos da doação. A fonte de dados documental desta pesquisa corresponde ao Sistema de Banco de Sangue - SBS.web que contém informações de doadores de sangue do Hemocentro Coordenador do Paraná, no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2021, bem como os dados do Formsus. Entre 2017 e 2019 a média anual aproximada de doadores foi de 34.693 (n=35.065, 34.738 e 34.278, respectivamente), e entre 2020 e 2021 foi de 34.169 doadores (n=33.223 e 35.116). Considerando-se a declaração da pandemia no Brasil em março de 2020, observa-se o declínio do número de doadores nos anos seguintes, quando comparado ao triênio anterior. A possibilidade de contaminação, com limitação na circulação de pessoas potencialmente infectadas propiciou esse cenário. O impacto desse declínio foi minimizado frente à suspensão temporária de cirurgias eletivas no estado do Paraná, mediante aumento das internações hospitalares para o atendimento da COVID - 19. Reduzida a demanda ao paciente cirúrgico, os estoques de hemocomponentes foram destinados, mais frequentemente, aos serviços de urgência e emergência, os quais também tiveram redução de atendimentos e menor incidência de traumas em decorrência da limitação na circulação de pessoas. Conclui-se que, embora os estoques tenham sofrido prejuízos, inclusive pela restrição no atendimento de candidatos a doação com idade acima de 60 anos, a demanda no consumo também se modificou. Além da habitual necessidade de hemocomponentes por pacientes crônicos, houve a necessidade de intensificar a produção de plasma para tratamento da COVID - 19. Como estratégias encontradas pelo Hemepar Curitiba destaca-se o apelo às campanhas de reposição de estoques nos hospitais, a divulgação da necessidade de doadores nas mídias e o remanejamento de bolsas de sangue entre a hemorrede e os estados.
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Estevinho F, Figueiredo A, Teixeira E, Oliveira J, Pego A, Barroso A, Faria A, Fernandes A, Chaves A, Araújo A, Meleiro A, Parente B, Matos C, Canário D, Camacho E, Barata F, Câmara G, Queiroga H, Lopes J, Mellidez J, Barradas L, Ferreira L, Ferreira L, Felizardo M, Figueiredo M, Soares M, Lopes M, Gil N, Fidalgo P, Gomes R, Vitorino R, Valente S, Silva S, Cardoso T, Brito U, Almodovar T. EP04.01-011 Diagnostic Approach and Treatment of Lung Cancer Patients in Portugal: Portuguese Lung Cancer Study Group Survey. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Alvito P, Silva M, Viegas S, Vasco E, Martins C, Assunção R, Silva S, Gilles L, Govarts E, Schoeters G, Namorado S. P22-27 Exposure assessment of total DON in urine of Portuguese adult population under the HBM4EU aligned studies. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Botelho F, Gripp K, Yanchar N, Naus A, Poenaru D, Baird R, Reis E, Farias L, Silva AG, Viana F, Neto JAP, Silva S, Ribeiro K, Gatto L, Faleiro MD, Fernandez MG, Salgado LS, Sampaio NZ, Faleiro MD, Mendes AL, Ferreira RV, Marcião L, Canto G, Borges J, Araújo V, Andrade G, Braga J, Bentes L, Pinto L, Ndasi HT, Amlani LM, Aminake G, Penda X, Tima S, Lechtig A, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Whyte M, Fowler-Woods M, Fowler-Woods A, Shingoose G, Hatala A, Daeninck F, Vergis A, Clouston K, Hardy K, Djadje L, Djoutsop OM, Djabo AT, Kanmounye US, Youmbi VN, Kakobo P, Djoutsop OM, Djabo AT, Kanmounye US, Tafesse S, Tamene B, Chimdesa Z, Alemayehu E, Abera B, Yifru D, Belachew FK, Tirsit A, Deyassa N, Moen BE, Sundstrøm T, Lund-Johansen M, Abebe M, Khan R, Mekasha A, Soklaridis S, Haji F, Asingei J, O'Flynn EP, O'Donovan DT, Masuka SC, Mashava D, Akello FV, Ulisubisya MM, Franco H, Njai A, Simister S, Joseph M, Woolley P, James D, Evans FM, Rai E, Roy N, Bansal V, Kamble J, Aroke A, David S, Veetil D, Soni KD, Wärnberg MG, Zadey S, Vissoci JRN, Iyer H, Zadey S, Shetty R, Zadey S, Jindal A, Iyer H, Ouma G, Shah SSNH, Hinchman C, Rayel IM, Dworkin M, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Mlinde E, Amlani LM, May CJ, Banza LN, Chokotho L, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Dworkin M, Mbomuwa F, Chidothi P, Martin C, Harrison WJ, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Chokotho L, Paek S, Amlani L, Mbomuwa F, Chidothi P, Martin C, Harrison WJ, Agarwal-Harding KJ, Chokotho L, Adégné T, Abdoulmouinou P, Amadou T, Youssouf T, Madiassa K, Younoussa DM, Moussa S, Amadou B, Hawa T, Laurent A, Jesuyajolu DA, Okeke CA, Obuh O, Jesuyajolu DA, Ehizibue PE, Ikemefula NE, Ekennia-Ebeh JO, Ibraham AA, Ikegwuonu OE, Diehl TM, Bunogerane GJ, Neal D, Ndibanje AJ, Petroze RT, Ntaganda E, Milligan L, Cairncross L, Malherbe F, Roodt L, Kyengera DK, O'Hara NN, Stockton D, Bedada A, Hsiao M, Chilisa U, Yarranton B, Chinyepi N, Azzie G, Moon J, Rehany Z, Bakhshi M, Bergeron A, Boulanger N, Watt L, Wong EG, Pawlak N, Bierema C, Ameh E, Bekele A, Jimenez MF, Lakhoo K, Roy N, Sacato H, Tefera G, Ozgediz D, Jayaraman S, Peric I, Youngson G, Ameh E, Borgstein E, O'Flynn E, Simoes J, Kingsley PA, Sasson L, Dekel H, Sternfeld AR, Assa S, Sarid RS, Mnong'one NJ, Sharau GG, Mongella SM, Caryl WG, Goldman B, Bola R, Ngonzi J, Ujoh F, Kihumuro RB, Lett R, Torquato A, Tavares C, Lech G, Džunic A, Ujoh F, Gusa V, Apeaii R, Noor R, Bola R, Guyan IO, Christilaw J, Hodgins S, Lett R, Binda C, Heo K, Cheng S, Foggin H, Hu G, Lam S, Feng L, Labinaz A, Adams J, Livergant R, Williams S, Vasanthakumaran T, Lounes Y, Mata J, Hache P, Schamberg-Bahadori C, Monytuil A, Mayom E, Joharifard S, Joos É, Paterson A, Maswime S, Hardy A, Pearse RM, Biccard BM, Salehi M, Zivkovic I, Jatana S, Joharifard S, Joos É, Flores MJ, Brown KE, Roberts HJ, Donnelley CA, von Kaeppler EP, Eliezer E, Haonga B, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Decolonizing Global SurgeryOvercoming barriers to pediatric trauma education in low-and middle-income countriesTaskforce on minor dermatological surgeries: an experience in a small Brazilian cityVasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia management after subarachnoid hemorrhage in an underdeveloped country: Hustle or nightmare?Regional disparities in access and death rate of exploratory laparotomy in BrazilThe access of the riverside population in the Amazon region to emergency health care: a narrative reviewPeas: from Mendel’s table to the surgical fieldThe utility of low-cost negative pressure wound therapy in CameroonSacred sharing circles: urban Indigenous Manitobans’ experiences with bariatric surgeryUrological complications following gynecological procedures in Cameroon: a cross-sectional studyAccess to routine otolaryngology–head and neck surgery care in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional studyReducing surgical site infection among mothers who underwent cesarean section at Zewditu Memorial HospitalAddressing priorities for surgical research in Africa: implementation of a multicentre cloud-based perioperative registry in EthiopiaProspective study of surgery for traumatic brain injury in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: surgical procedures, complications and postoperative outcomesNeurosurgery training in a low-income country: an evaluation of neurosurgical residents’ and graduates’ perspectives following completion of an international partnershipThe specialist anesthesiology workforce in East, Central and Southern Africa: a cross sectional studyScaling surgical resources: a preliminary analysis of orthopedic surgical care and C-arm baseline capacity analysis following the 2021 Haitian earthquakeDelivering essential surgical care for lower-limb musculoskeletal disorders in the low-resource settingRisk factors associated with mortality following geriatric trauma in urban India: a multicentre cohort studyMulti-methods modelling and construction of a novel access to surgical care index for rural IndiaUnderstanding equity in surgical care uptake and provision in underprivileged communities in India under Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)Prioritization of surgical care in national policies of India: a quantitative document analysisThe provision of labour pain management and its related barriers among maternal health care providers in a tertiary hospital in KenyaSafety, cost and regulation of re-used orthopedic devicesOutcomes of nonoperatively treated pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures at the Nkhotakota District Hospital, MalawiPredicting hospital of presentation for fracture management in MalawiFactors associated with surgical treatment of hip fractures in Malawian central hospitalsAnal disorders in pregnant and postpartum women: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in 10 maternity hospitals in Bamako, MaliThe challenges faced by female surgeons in Africa: a narrative review of the existing literatureFactors affecting the utilization of antenatal services among women of reproductive age in a rural area in West AfricaImpact of intravenous access on sepsis and death among surgical neonates in Kigali, RwandaBreast cancer surgical services in South AfricaUnreamed intramedullary nailing versus external fixation for the treatment of open tibial shaft fractures in Uganda: a randomized clinical trialSurgical simulation training for medical students: strategies and implications in BotswanaDisparities in trauma outcomes for Indigenous Peoples in Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysisDevelopment of universal academic competencies for the global surgeon: a modified Delphi consensus studyPAPSEP — Pan-African Paediatric Surgery E-Learning ProgrammeCatastrophic expenditure and treatment attrition in patients seeking colorectal cancer treatment in India: a prospective multicentre studyAccess to pediatric cardiac care in TanzaniaAn evaluation of obstetrical data collection at health institutions in Mbarara region, Uganda, and Benue State, NigeriaAssociation of socioeconomic vulnerability among pregnant women with death rate by postpartum hemorrhage in Minas Gerais, BrazilThe efficiency of digital midwifery training: a randomized controlled trial in Benue State, NigeriaCreating concise reference videos for a low-resource Essential Surgical Skills Training Program: a MSF-UBC Global Surgery Laboratory CollaborationSurgical outcomes for women in Africa: an international risk-adjusted analysis of prospective observational cohortsUpdate on the evaluation of a surgical task-sharing program in South SudanEstimating the indirect economic impact of fracture-related infection and/or nonunion: a secondary analysis of the Pilot Local Gentamicin for Open Tibial Fractures in Tanzania (pGO-Tibia). Can J Surg 2022; 65:S1-S18. [PMID: 35961679 PMCID: PMC9388215 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.007622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Moutinho-Ribeiro P, Adem B, Batista I, Silva M, Silva S, Ruivo CF, Morais R, Peixoto A, Coelho R, Costa-Moreira P, Lopes S, Vilas-Boas F, Durães C, Lopes J, Barroca H, Carneiro F, Melo SA, Macedo G. Exosomal glypican-1 discriminates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from chronic pancreatitis. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:871-877. [PMID: 34840127 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis can be difficult in a chronic pancreatitis (CP) background, especially in its mass forming presentation. We aimed to assess the accuracy of glypican-1-positive circulating exosomes (GPC1+crExos) to distinguish PDAC from CP versus the state-of-the-art CA 19-9 biomarker. METHODS This was a unicentric prospective cohort. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration or biopsy and blood tests (GPC1+crExos and serum CA 19-9) were performed. RESULTS The cohort comprised 60 PDAC and 29 CP (7 of which mass forming - MF) patients. Median levels of GPC1+crExos were significantly higher in PDAC (99.7%) versus CP (28.4%; p<0.0001) with an AUROC of 0.96 with 98.3% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity for a cut-off of 45.0% (p<0.0001); this outperforms CA 19-9 AUROC of 0.82 with 78.3% sensitivity and 65.5% specificity at a cut-off of 37 U/mL (p<0.0001). The superiority of% GPC1+crExos over CA 19-99 in differentiating PDAC from CP was observed in both early (stage I) and advanced tumors (stages II-IV). CONCLUSION Levels of GPC1+crExos coupled to beads enable differential diagnosis between PDAC and CP including its mass-forming presentation.
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Naccache L, Luauté J, Silva S, Sitt JD, Rohaut B. Toward a coherent structuration of disorders of consciousness expertise at a country scale: A proposal for France. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 178:9-20. [PMID: 34980510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Probing consciousness and cognitive abilities in non-communicating patients is one of the most challenging diagnostic issues. A fast growing medical and scientific literature explores the various facets of this challenge, often coined under the generic expression of 'Disorders of Consciousness' (DoC). Crucially, a set of independent converging results demonstrated both (1) the diagnostic and prognostic importance of this expertise, and (2) the need to combine behavioural measures with brain structure and activity data to improve diagnostic and prognostication accuracy as well as potential therapeutic intervention. Thus, probing consciousness in DoC patients appears as a crucial activity rich of human, medical, economic and ethical consequences, but this activity needs to be organized in order to offer this expertise to each concerned patient. More precisely, diagnosis of consciousness differs in difficulty across patients: while a minimal set of data can be sufficient to reach a confident result, some patients need a higher level of expertise that relies on additional behavioural and brain activity and brain structure measures. In order to enable this service on a systematic mode, we present two complementary proposals in the present article. First, we sketch a structuration of DoC expertise at a country-scale, namely France. More precisely, we suggest that a 2-tiers network composed of local (Tier-1) and regional (Tier-2) centers backed by distant electronic databases and algorithmic centers could optimally enable the systematic implementation of DoC expertise in France. Second, we propose to create a national common register of DoC patients in order to better monitor this activity, to improve its performance on the basis of nation-wide collected evidence, and to promote rational decision-making.
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Alves E, Amorim M, Nogueira C, Silva S. Childbearing intentions after a very preterm delivery: a study among Portuguese mothers and fathers. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Adjustments to intended family size are strongly affected by life-course events, but data on childbearing plans after a very preterm delivery are lacking. This study intends to assess the childbearing intentions of mothers and fathers of very preterm infants, regarding the desired and intended number of children, the factors associated with the intention to have more children and the main reasons for not wanting to have more children.
Methods
Between May and July 2017, mothers and fathers of very preterm infants were invited to participate in a structured online questionnaire through the Portuguese association of parents for support to the premature baby, and 231 mothers and 21 fathers were included. The discrepancy between the ideal and intended number of children was assessed by the McNemar-Bowker test. To assess the main factors associated with the plan to have more children in the future, unconditional logistic regression models were fitted to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adjusted for age, number of children and time after the very preterm delivery.
Results
Participants intend to have fewer children than they ideally desired (p < 0.001). Although 69.8% of parents would like to have more children, only 25% actually plan to conceive. After adjustment, participants aged above 34 years (OR = 0.27; 95%CI:0.08-0.86), with more than one offspring (OR = 0.34; 95%CI:0.14-0.69) and who experienced a very preterm delivery 5 or more years ago (OR = 0.28; 95%CI:0.09-0.90) were less likely to report the intention to have more children. The main reasons reported for not wanting to have more children were “having the desired number of children” (38.5%), “financial unavailability” (24.2%) and “being too old to have more children” (20.5%).
Conclusions
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of childbearing intentions after a very preterm delivery, advocating for reproductive counselling policies supportive of family planning.
Key messages
Discrepancy between the ideal and actual childbearing intentions support the enhancement of reproductive healthcare services for family planning. Socioeconomic and age-related constraints were the main motives presented by mothers and fathers of very preterm infants for not wanting to have more children.
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De Freitas C, Silva S, Machado H, Baptista MJ, Leão Teles E, Maia T, Amorim M. Support for decision-making on sharing health data for research: are data counsellors relevant? Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The implications of sharing one's health data are far-reaching. Potential applications of health data range from the delivery of treatments tailored to individuals' characteristics to improvements in public health, while also posing concerns about privacy, social justice and equity. Making informed decisions about health data sharing thus requires thorough consideration of the scientific, ethical and personal implications of donations. This study assessed participants' preferences regarding decision-making about health data sharing for research, including the need for support by data counsellors.
Methods
This observational cross-sectional study includes 159 patients and 479 carers followed at two reference centres for rare diseases in a Portuguese academic hospital, between June 2019 and March 2020. Participants were asked about preferred modes of decision-making: deciding on their own, deciding with support from another person, or delegating the decision to someone else. Those who responded the last two options also reported who they would choose for support or delegation: family or friends; a data counsellor; a professional with no specific training on data counselling; other. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results
The majority of respondents would prefer to decide with support (62%), 37% would prefer to decide on their own and 1% would opt to delegate the decision of sharing health data. Among those who expressed a preference for support, 60% would like to rely on a data counsellor. Carers, older and higher educated participants, and those with upper white-collar occupations and who were satisfied with their own health were significantly more likely to select data counsellors as their preferred source of support when engaging in decision-making about health data sharing for research (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
This study supports recommendations for the creation of a new professional specialty of health data counsellors.
Key messages
Most participants express the need for support in making decisions about health data sharing for research, with 60% preferring support from a data counsellor. As a new professional specialism, health data counselling can help to advance informed public participation in health research.
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Ponzio M, Borreli P, Monti MC, Amicizia D, Perotti P, Silva S, Ansaldi F, Mallucci G, Bergamaschi R, Montomoli C. Prevalence and economic burden of major comorbidities in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although comorbidity is important in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), few validated methods for its assessment exist. Our aim is to estimate the prevalence and economic burden of major comorbidities in people with MS (pwMS) in two Northern Italy study areas (Pavia, PV and Genoa, GE), using routinely collected healthcare data.
Methods
We estimated prevalence of comorbid conditions in pwMS in the period 2012-2017. Anxiety, depression, cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, hypertension, heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, vascular diseases, ischemic stroke, hyperlipidaemia, bronchopathy, diabetes, gastropathy, gastric ulcer, autoimmune diseases, chronic renal failure, connective tissue diseases and HIV/AIDS were identified by a specific algorithm currently used for monitoring prevalence of chronic diseases by Italian Local Health Authorities (BDA system). Direct healthcare costs were defined by regional and governmental contracts; the aggregated healthcare expenditure was compared between pwMS with/without comorbidities.
Results
The MS cases identified were 2983, 2035 in GE and 948 in PV. 55.6% of pwMS had at least one comorbidity (50.6% GE and 66.5% PV, p < 0.001). The most prevalent comorbidities were: depression (32.9%), hypertension (18.0%), cancer (10.9%), heart disease (7.8%), cerebrovascular diseases (7.0%) and hyperlipidaemia (6.1%). Comorbidity ranking was similar in the two provinces, although we observed significant differences considering specific prevalence rates. The mean direct healthcare costs of MS were substantially higher for individuals with comorbidity (36,463 €vs 26,284 €, p < 0.001), showing 39% of additive costs.
Conclusions
Our study provides evidence of the burden of comorbidities in MS. Comorbidity is common in MS and produce additive costs.
Key messages
The use of administrative data for tracking the MS comorbidity could help knowledge gaps. When additivity situation is involved, preventive policies could lead to monetary savings.
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De Almeida Fernandes D, Leal V, Oliveiros B, Silva S, Goncalves L, Fontes Ribeiro C, Antonio N. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells as predictors of long-term cardiovascular mortality after myocardial infarction: which definition should we use? Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow-derived cells that play a crucial role in vascular repair after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Recent studies suggest that circulating EPCs levels may be useful as a surrogate biomarker for cardiovascular (CV) events. Nevertheless, the lack of a consensual definition and phenotypic characterization of EPCs hampers its use in clinical practice. CD34+KDR+, CD45dimCD34+KDR+ and CD34+CD133+KDR+ are among the most used antigenic phenotypes to define circulating EPCs but the best phenotype to predict CV outcomes remains to be determined.
Purpose
To determine the EPCs' surface phenotype that best predicts long-term CV death after an AMI, and to evaluate its optimal cut-off point.
Methods
One-hundred AMI patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Circulating EPCs were quantified through high-performance flow cytometer within the first 24 hours of admission using different surface markers combinations allowing to simultaneously compare three EPCs definitions: 1) CD34+KDR+, 2) CD45dimCD34+KDR+, 3) CD34+CD133+KDR+. Mean follow-up time was 8.0±2.2 years.
Results
The mean age of our population was 59.7±11.0, the majority of patients were male (90%), 65% had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 35% non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Diabetes mellitus was present in 38% and hypertension in 67% of the studied sample. During the long-term follow-up, 34 patients had re-admissions due to cardiovascular causes, 11 of them for AMI. Thirty-one patients had major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and 19 died.
Using ROC curves, the CD34+KDR+ phenotype showed the biggest area under the curve regarding prediction of CV mortality (0.722; p=0.010; confidence interval 95% (CI95%): 0.554 to 0.890). Patients with lower levels of EPCs according to this definition (≤0.022%) are 7 times more likely to die from CV causes at any time (hazard ratio = 7.55; p=0.008; CI95% 1.69 to 33.83).
Conclusion
The CD34+KDR+ phenotype appears to be the best definition of circulating EPCs for predicting long-term CV mortality after AMI. Further studies with larger samples are needed to clarify the optimal cut-off point for determining patients at risk and its role in everyday Cardiology.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Bolsa de Estudo João Porto da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia CD34+KDR+ as a predictor of CV death
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Morgado Gomes AR, Antonio NSC, Silva S, Madeira M, Sousa P, Elvas L, Goncalves L. Myocardial injury after pulmonary vein isolation: fire versus ice. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation is pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), either using point-by-point radiofrequency ablation (RF) or single-shot ablation devices, such as cryoballoon ablation (CB). However, achieving permanent transmural lesions is difficult and pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection is common. Elevation of high-sensitivity Troponin I (hsTnI) may be used as a surrogate marker for transmural lesions. Still, data regarding the comparison of hsTnI increase after PVI with RF or cryo-energy is controversial.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to compare the magnitude of hsTnI elevation after PVI with CB versus RF using ablation index guidance.
Methods
Prospective study of 60 patients admitted for first ablation procedure of paroxysmal or persistent AF in a single tertiary Cardiology Department. Thirty patients were submitted to PVI using CB and 30 patients were submitted to RF, using CARTO® mapping system and ablation index guidance. Patients with atrial flutter were excluded. Baseline characteristics were compared between groups, as well as hsTnI before and after the procedure.
Results
Mean age was 57.9±12.3 years old, 62% of patients were male and 77% had paroxysmal AF. There were no significant differences between groups regarding gender, age, prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, obesity or AF type. There was also no significant difference in electrical cardioversion need during the procedure. HsTnI median value before ablation was 1.90±1.98 ng/dL. Postprocedural hsTnI was significantly higher in CB-group (6562.7±4756.2 ng/dL versus 1564.3±830.7 ng/dL in RF-group; P=0.001). Regarding periprocedural complications, there was only one case of mild pericardial effusion in RF-group associated with postablation hsTnI of 1180.0 ng/dL.
Conclusions
High-sensitivity Troponin I was significantly elevated after PVI, irrespective of the ablation technique. In CB-group, hsTnI elevation was significantly higher than in RF-group. This disparity may reflect more extensive lesions with cryoablation, without compromising safety. Longterm studies are needed to understand whether this hsTnI elevation is predictive of a lower AF recurrence rate.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Tavares M, Leite L, Cesca M, Campos F, Santana D, Saldanha E, Guimarães P, Sá D, Simões M, Viana R, Loose S, Rocha F, Silva S, Piroll R, Fogassa C, Pondé N, Sanches S, Toledo C, Makdissi F, Lima V. 176P Pathological complete response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in 1160 initial and locally advanced breast cancer patients: Real life data on outcomes. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Barros F, Teixeira N, Figueiredo C, Silva S, Soares S. Exogenous attention to social stimuli in the neurotypical population: The impact of autism traits. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9479908 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have been associated with decreased spontaneous attention to social stimuli. Several studies further suggest that a higher expression of autism traits (AT) in the neurotypical population (NTP) may also be related to decreased social attention, although the evidence is still scarce, especially when considering faces as task-irrelevant distractors. Objectives This study aimed to explore the relationship between the expression of AT in the NTP and exogenous attention to social stimuli. Methods Fifty-one adult participants were recruited and asked to complete the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), to measure AT, and to perform an attentional capture task. In the latter, they were instructed to detect a target letter in the middle of perceptually similar (high perceptual load) or dissimilar (low perceptual load) distractor letters. In 25% of the trials, task-irrelevant distractors, consisting of images of faces (social) or houses (non-social), were shown flanking the letter stimuli. Results Response times were found to be affected by distractor-response compatibility, increasing for contralateral distractors, but decreasing for ipsilateral distractors, in relation to trials with no distractors (baseline). Importantly, these trends were magnified for distractor faces in the group with less AT, considering the social skills dimension of AQ, while the same tendency was observed in the group with higher AT, but for distractor houses. Conclusions Our results support an altered attentional performance in the subclinical phenotype of the autism spectrum. Furthermore, they also add to existing literature documenting similar attentional abnormalities in both the clinical and subclinical extremes of the spectrum, hinting possible shared mechanisms. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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