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Wickenheisser NE, Dillon M, Broadwater G, Zacherl K, Bixel K, Levine M, Newton M, Thel H, Tucker K, Gehrig P, Khetan VU, Brunette-Masi LL, Matsuo K, Khouri OR, Duhon A, Gowthaman D, Cowan M, Mojdehbakhsh R, Rose S, Olawaiye A, Davidson BA, Moss HA, Havrilesky LJ. Radical hysterectomy case volume and cervical cancer treatment in the era of COVID-19: A multi-site analysis of National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 179:70-78. [PMID: 37944328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare radical hysterectomy case volume, cancer stage, and biopsy-to-treatment time of invasive cervical cancer diagnosed before and after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In a multi-institution retrospective cohort study conducted at 6 large, geographically diverse National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers, patients treated for newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer were classified into 2 temporal cohorts based on date of first gynecologic oncology encounter: (1) Pre-Pandemic: 3/1/2018-2/28/2020; (2) Pandemic & Recovery: 4/1/2020-12/31/2021. The primary outcome was total monthly radical hysterectomy case volume. Secondary outcomes were stage at diagnosis and diagnosis-to-treatment time. Statistical analyses used chi-squared and two sample t-tests. RESULTS Between 3/1/2018-12/31/2021, 561 patients were diagnosed with cervical cancer. The Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic & Recovery cohorts had similar age, race, ethnicity, smoking status, and Body Mass Index (BMI). During Pandemic & Recovery, the mean monthly radical hysterectomy case volume decreased from 7[SD 2.8] to 5[SD 2.0] (p = 0.001), the proportion of patients diagnosed with Stage I disease dropped from 278/561 (49.5%) to 155/381 (40.7%), and diagnosis of stage II-IV disease increased from 281/561 (50.1%) to 224/381 (58.8%). Primary surgical management was less frequent (38.3% Pandemic & Recovery versus 46.7% Pre-Pandemic, p = 0.013) and fewer surgically-treated patients received surgery within 6 weeks of diagnosis (27.4% versus 38.9%; p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Lower radical hysterectomy case volume, a shift to higher cervical cancer stage, and delay in surgical therapy were observed across the United States following the COVID-19 outbreak. Decreased surgical volume may result from lower detection of early-stage disease or other factors.
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Brighi C, Puttick S, Woods A, Keall P, Tooney PA, Waddington DEJ, Sproule V, Rose S, Fay M. Comparison between [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 and [ 18F]FET PET as Imaging Biomarkers in Adult Recurrent Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16208. [PMID: 38003399 PMCID: PMC10671181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the potential of the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting ligand, [68Ga]-PSMA-Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys-2-naphthyl-L-Ala-cyclohexane-DOTA ([68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617) as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarker in recurrent glioblastoma patients. Patients underwent [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 and O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) PET scans on two separate days. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 tumour selectivity was assessed by comparing tumour volume delineation and by assessing the intra-patient correlation between tumour uptake on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 and [18F]FET PET images. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 tumour specificity was evaluated by comparing its tumour-to-brain ratio (TBR) with [18F]FET TBR and its tumour volume with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast-enhancing (CE) tumour volume. Ten patients were recruited in this study. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617-avid tumour volume was larger than the [18F]FET tumour volume (p = 0.063). There was a positive intra-patient correlation (median Pearson r = 0.51; p < 0.0001) between [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 and [18F]FET in the tumour volume. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 had significantly higher TBR (p = 0.002) than [18F]FET. The [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617-avid tumour volume was larger than the CE tumour volume (p = 0.0039). Overall, accumulation of [68Ga]-Ga-PSMA-617 beyond [18F]FET-avid tumour regions suggests the presence of neoangiogenesis in tumour regions that are not overly metabolically active yet. Higher tumour specificity suggests that [68Ga]-Ga-PSMA-617 could be a better imaging biomarker for recurrent tumour delineation and secondary treatment planning than [18F]FET and CE MRI.
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Li J, Howard CB, Dey S, Lowry K, Whiley DM, Puttick S, Rose S, Lobb RJ, Wuethrich A, Edwardraja S, Trau M. A universal reagent for detection of emerging diseases using bioengineered multifunctional yeast nanofragments. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1222-1229. [PMID: 37291255 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and early detection of biomarkers provides the molecular evidence for disease management, allowing prompt actions and timely treatments to save lives. Multivalent biomolecular interactions between the probe and biomarker as well as controlled probe orientation on material surfaces are keys for highly sensitive detection. Here we report the bioengineering of programmable and multifunctional nanoprobes, which can provide rapid, specific and highly sensitive detection of emerging diseases in a range of widely used diagnostic systems. These nanoprobes composed of nanosized cell wall fragments, termed as synthetic bionanofragments (SynBioNFs), are generated by the fragmentation of genetically programmed yeast cells. SynBioNFs display multiple copies of biomolecules for high-affinity target binding and molecular handles for the precisely orientated attachment on surfaces used in diagnostic platforms. SynBioNFs are demonstrated for the capture and detection of SARS-CoV-2 virions using multiple diagnostic platforms, including surface-enhanced Raman scattering, fluorescence, electrochemical and colorimetric-based lateral flow systems with sensitivity comparable with the gold-standard reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
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Muralidharan V, Burgart A, Daneshjou R, Rose S. Recommendations for the use of pediatric data in artificial intelligence and machine learning ACCEPT-AI. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:166. [PMID: 37673925 PMCID: PMC10482936 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ACCEPT-AI is a framework of recommendations for the safe inclusion of pediatric data in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) research. It has been built on fundamental ethical principles of pediatric and AI research and incorporates age, consent, assent, communication, equity, protection of data, and technological considerations. ACCEPT-AI has been designed to guide researchers, clinicians, regulators, and policymakers and can be utilized as an independent tool, or adjunctively to existing AI/ML guidelines.
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Huang D, Harrison R, Curtis E, Mirabadi N, Chen GY, Alexandridis R, Barroilhet L, Rose S, Hartenbach E, Al-Niami A. Beyond post-operative readmissions: analysis of the impact of unplanned readmissions during primary treatment of advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer on long-term oncology outcome. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:741-748. [PMID: 36808044 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have assessed post-operative readmissions in advanced ovarian cancer. OBJECTIVE To evaluate all unplanned readmissions during the primary treatment period of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, and the impact of readmission on progression-free survival. METHODS This was a single institution retrospective study from January 2008 to October 2018. Χ2/Fisher's exact and t-test, or Kruskal-Wallis test were used. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the effect of covariates in progression-free survival analysis. RESULTS A total of 484 patients (279 primary cytoreductive surgery, 205 neoadjuvant chemotherapy) were analyzed. In total, 272 of 484 (56%; 37% primary cytoreductive surgery, 32% neoadjuvant chemotherapy, p=0.29) patients were readmitted during the primary treatment period. Overall, 42.3% of the readmissions were surgery related, 47.8% were chemotherapy related, and 59.6% were cancer related but not related to surgery or chemotherapy, and each readmission could qualify for more than one reason. Readmitted patients had a higher rate of chronic kidney disease (4.1% vs 1.0%, p=0.038). Post-operative, chemotherapy, and cancer-related readmissions were similar between the two groups. However, the percentage of inpatient treatment days due to unplanned readmission was twice as high for primary cytoreductive surgery at 2.2% vs 1.3% for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p<0.001). Despite longer readmissions in the primary cytoreductive surgery group, Cox regression analysis demonstrated that readmissions did not affect progression-free survival (HR=1.22, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.51; p=0.08). Primary cytoreductive surgery, higher modified Frailty Index, grade 3 disease, and optimal cytoreduction were associated with longer progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 35% of the women with advanced ovarian cancer had at least one unplanned readmission during the entire treatment time. Patients treated by primary cytoreductive surgery spent more days during readmission than those with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Readmissions did not affect progression-free survival and may not be valuable as a quality metric.
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Pagnozzi AM, van Eijk L, Pannek K, Boyd RN, Saha S, George J, Bora S, Bradford D, Fahey M, Ditchfield M, Malhotra A, Liley H, Colditz PB, Rose S, Fripp J. Early brain morphometrics from neonatal MRI predict motor and cognitive outcomes at 2-years corrected age in very preterm infants. Neuroimage 2023; 267:119815. [PMID: 36529204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants born very preterm face a range of neurodevelopmental challenges in cognitive, language, behavioural and/or motor domains. Early accurate identification of those at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, through clinical assessment and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), enables prognostication of outcomes and the initiation of targeted early interventions. This study utilises a prospective cohort of 181 infants born <31 weeks gestation, who had 3T MRIs acquired at 29-35 weeks postmenstrual age and a comprehensive neurodevelopmental evaluation at 2 years corrected age (CA). Cognitive, language and motor outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - Third Edition and functional motor outcomes using the Neuro-sensory Motor Developmental Assessment. By leveraging advanced structural MRI pre-processing steps to standardise the data, and the state-of-the-art developing Human Connectome Pipeline, early MRI biomarkers of neurodevelopmental outcomes were identified. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, significant associations between brain structure on early MRIs with 2-year outcomes were obtained (r = 0.51 and 0.48 for motor and cognitive outcomes respectively) on an independent 25% of the data. Additionally, important brain biomarkers from early MRIs were identified, including cortical grey matter volumes, as well as cortical thickness and sulcal depth across the entire cortex. Adverse outcome on the Bayley-III motor and cognitive composite scores were accurately predicted, with an Area Under the Curve of 0.86 for both scores. These associations between 2-year outcomes and patient prognosis and early neonatal MRI measures demonstrate the utility of imaging prior to term equivalent age for providing earlier commencement of targeted interventions for infants born preterm.
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Pirgozliev V, Whiting I, Mansbridge S, Abdullah J, Mirza W, Rose S. Feeding value of field bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L. var. <i>minor</i>)
for laying hen pullets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/157501/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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François M, Karpe AV, Liu JW, Beale DJ, Hor M, Hecker J, Faunt J, Maddison J, Johns S, Doecke JD, Rose S, Leifert WR. Multi-Omics, an Integrated Approach to Identify Novel Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:949. [PMID: 36295851 PMCID: PMC9610280 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolomic and proteomic basis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood, and the relationships between systemic abnormalities in metabolism and AD/MCI pathogenesis is unclear. This study compared the metabolomic and proteomic signature of plasma from cognitively normal (CN) and dementia patients diagnosed with MCI or AD, to identify specific cellular pathways and new biomarkers altered with the progression of the disease. We analysed 80 plasma samples from individuals with MCI or AD, as well as age- and gender-matched CN individuals, by utilising mass spectrometry methods and data analyses that included combined pathway analysis and model predictions. Several proteins clearly identified AD from the MCI and CN groups and included plasma actins, mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1, serum amyloid A2, fibronectin and extracellular matrix protein 1 and Keratin 9. The integrated pathway analysis showed various metabolic pathways were affected in AD, such as the arginine, alanine, aspartate, glutamate and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Therefore, our multi-omics approach identified novel plasma biomarkers for the MCI and AD groups, identified changes in metabolic processes, and may form the basis of a biomarker panel for stratifying dementia participants in future clinical trials.
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Romaniuk M, Xia Y, Fisher G, Pannek K, Fripp J, Evans J, Rose S. The relationship between chronic PTSD, cortical volumetry and white matter microstructure among Australian combat veterans. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:50. [PMID: 36114591 PMCID: PMC9482182 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with volumetric and white matter microstructural changes among general and veteran populations. However, regions implicated have greatly varied and often conflict between studies, potentially due to confounding comorbidities within samples. This study compared grey matter volume and white matter microstructure among Australian combat veterans with and without a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD, in a homogenous sample assessed for known confounding comorbidities. METHODS Sixty-eight male trauma-exposed veterans (16 PTSD-diagnosed; mean age 69 years) completed a battery of psychometric assessments and underwent magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging. Analyses included tract-based spatial statistics, voxel-wise analyses, diffusion connectome-based group-wise analysis, and volumetric analysis. RESULTS Significantly smaller grey matter volumes were observed in the left prefrontal cortex (P = 0.026), bilateral middle frontal gyrus (P = 0.021), and left anterior insula (P = 0.048) in the PTSD group compared to controls. Significant negative correlations were found between PTSD symptom severity and fractional anisotropy values in the left corticospinal tract (R2 = 0.34, P = 0.024) and left inferior cerebellar peduncle (R2 = 0.62, P = 0.016). No connectome-based differences in white matter properties were observed. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study reinforce reports of white matter alterations, as indicated by reduced fractional anisotropy values, in relation to PTSD symptom severity, as well as patterns of reduced volume in the prefrontal cortex. These results contribute to the developing profile of neuroanatomical differences uniquely attributable to veterans who suffer from chronic PTSD.
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Srinivas S, Yeluru A, Liau J, Ganesh A, Minocha J, Mcnamee C, Rose S, Fowler K, Berman Z. Abstract No. 194 Tumor response after ablative Y-90 transarterial radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma based on post-hoc voxel-based dosimetry. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Mongan A, Suri P, Artis DR, Cahir-McFarland E, Kroon HA, Andrews-Zwilling Y, Rose S, Keswani S, Dall’Era M, Yednock T. OP0232 HIGH PLASMA C4d/C4 IDENTIFIES LUPUS NEPHRITIS PATIENTS WITH DISEASE MEDIATED BY ACTIVATION OF THE CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundProliferative lupus nephritis (LN) involves immune complex deposition in the kidney that can severely impact normal renal clearance mechanisms. Immune complexes can activate C1q and the classical complement cascade, and along with pathogenic anti-C1q antibodies (PACAs), may amplify inflammation and disease progression. Martin et al reported that circulating C4d, a marker of complement activation downstream of the C1 complex, correlated well with C4d immunohistochemistry score in kidney tissue and could be a sensitive and specific biomarker for diagnosing active LN.1ObjectivesTo confirm and extend observations by Martin et al, and to extend a link between C4d, C1q activation, and PACA levels to identify patients most likely to have the classical complement pathway as a driving component of disease. Such patients would be potential candidates for anti-C1q therapy, such as ANX009, to dampen disease activity and slow disease progression (NCT04535752).MethodsPlasma samples were collected from a cohort of 40 LN patients (20 with disease flare and 20 without disease flare) from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study (CLUES), a multi-racial/ethnic cohort of individuals with physician-confirmed systemic lupus erythematosus, and 20 healthy controls (Table 1). A panel of complement factors, including 15 complement protein and relevant complexes, were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical disease activity was measured using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and proteinuria was evaluated by a random spot urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR).Table 1.Patient DemographicsCharacteristicsHealthy Control(n=20)LN Flare(n=20)LN Without Flare(n=20)Median age (years)*50 (31-60.8)28.5 (26-34.5)43.5 (33.5-52)Sex, n (%)Female18 (90)17 (85)18 (90)Demographics, n (%)Caucasian8 (40)1 (5)5 (25)Hispanic3 (15)9 (45)4 (20)African American1 (5)3 (15)3 (15)Asian8 (40)7 (35)8 (40)Median UPCR (mg/mg)*N/A1.8 (1.3-6.5)0.4 (0.2-0.6)Median SLEDAI*N/A12 (9-16)2 (2-4)*Reported as median (IQR).LN, lupus nephritis; N/A, not applicable; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; UPCR, urine protein:creatinine ratio.ResultsWe observed evidence of coordinated complement activation in LN patients relative to healthy controls. Specifically, levels of C4d and the C4d/C4 ratio were highly increased in LN patients with flare, while levels of C1q, C1s, and C4 were decreased, consistent with activation of the classical complement pathway (increased activation and component consumption). The C4d/C4 ratio also correlated with levels of PACA isotypes 1 and 3 that are known to activate the classical pathway. Improvements in C4 and C4d/C4 ratio were associated with improvements in proteinuria and SLEDAI following treatment for disease flare, indicating their potential value as biomarkers of treatment response.ConclusionA subset of LN patients exhibited high C4d/C4 ratio along with specific markers of classical pathway activation, indicating that the classical complement pathway may be a driving component of their disease. Reduction in this ratio appears to correlate with treatment response, but its levels are generally not normalized, suggesting an insufficient resolution of complement-mediated inflammation by currently available treatments. Our data support a clinical hypothesis that a subset of LN patients may benefit from a precision medicine approach targeting the classical complement pathway (Figure 1). This hypothesis will be evaluated in a forthcoming clinical trial testing the subcutaneously administered C1q inhibitor ANX009 in patients with active LN.References[1]Martin M, Trattner R, Nilsson SC, et al. Plasma C4d Correlates With C4d Deposition in Kidneys and With Treatment Response in Lupus Nephritis Patients. Front Immunol. 2020;11:582737.AcknowledgementsSupported by: Annexon BiosciencesDisclosure of InterestsAnn Mongan Employee of: Annexon Biosciences, Poojan Suri Employee of: Annexon Biosciences, Maze Therapeutics, Dean Richard Artis Shareholder of: Annexon Biosciences, Bristol Myer Squibb, Roche, Sanofi, BMS, J&J, Employee of: Annexon Biosciences, Ellen Cahir-McFarland Shareholder of: Annexon Biosciences, Employee of: Annexon Biosciences, Biogen, Henk-André Kroon Shareholder of: Annexon Biosciences, Employee of: Annexon Biosciences, Yaisa Andrews-Zwilling Employee of: Annexon Biosciences, Shawn Rose Employee of: Annexon, Johnson & Johnson, Sanjay Keswani Shareholder of: Annexon Biosciences, Nura Bio, Employee of: Annexon Biosciences, Nura Bio, Maria Dall’Era Consultant of: GSK, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Annexon Biosciences, Pfizer, Aurinia, Grant/research support from: Annexon Biosciences, GSK, Ted Yednock Shareholder of: Annexon Biosciences, Consultant of: Cortexyme, Employee of: Annexon Biosciences
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Dieny F, Rose S, Tsani A, Jauharany F, Fitranti D. Anthropometry indicators that are most related to metabolic profiles in female
college students. FOOD RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.6(3).250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is not a disease but is a set of several disorders and causes an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus complications. Several
studies have shown that non-invasive approaches such as anthropometric measurements
can be used for the early detection of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to analyse the
anthropometric indicators related to metabolic syndrome in female college students. The
design of this research was cross sectional, with the number of subjects involved were as
many as 163 female college students aged 19 to 24 years old. Purposive sampling was
used in the sampling of this research. The independent variables in this study were the
Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI),
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD), and hip circumference. The dependent variable in
this study is the metabolic syndrome component that has been converted into a metabolic
syndrome score (cMetS). The analysis results showed that all anthropometric indicators,
namely WHtR, BMI, SAD, waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR have a
strong positive relationship with the metabolic syndrome score (p<0.001). BMI was the
anthropometric indicator that is most associated with the metabolic profiles, such as
systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), blood sugar (p<0.05), and HDL (p<0.001). Waist
circumference was the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with triglycerides
and metabolic syndrome score (p<0.001). Metabolic syndrome in female college students
can be identified using anthropometric measurements, one of which is BMI and WHR
which are very easy to measure and efficient. BMI and WHR have the strongest
relationship and can be used to detect early risk of metabolic syndrome in female college
students.
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Xia Y, Eeles E, Fripp J, Pinsker D, Thomas P, Latter M, Doré V, Fazlollahi A, Bourgeat P, Villemagne VL, Coulson EJ, Rose S. Reduced cortical cholinergic innervation measured using [ 18F]-FEOBV PET imaging correlates with cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:102992. [PMID: 35344804 PMCID: PMC8958543 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Topographic FEOBV binding correlates with domain-specific cognitive performance. Global and regional reductions in cholinergic innervation are observed in MCI. Global FEOBV SUVR is associated with basal forebrain and hippocampal volumes. Our results provide proof of concept for FEOBV PET to assess cholinergic terminal integrity.
Dysfunction of the cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) neurotransmitter system, including cholinergic axon denervation of the cortex, plays an important role in cognitive decline and dementia. A validated method to directly quantify cortical cholinergic terminal integrity enables exploration of the involvement of this system in diverse cognitive profiles associated with dementia, particularly at a prodromal stage. In this study, we used the radiotracer [18F]-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol (FEOBV) as a direct measure of cholinergic terminal integrity and investigated its value for the assessment of cholinergic denervation in the cortex and associated cognitive deficits. Eighteen participants (8 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 10 cognitively unimpaired controls) underwent neuropsychological assessment and brain imaging using FEOBV and [18F]-florbetaben for amyloid-β imaging. The MCI group showed a significant global reduction of FEOBV retention in the cortex and in the parietal and occipital cortices specifically compared to the control group. The global cortical FEOBV retention of all participants positively correlated with the BF, hippocampus and grey matter volumes, but no association was found between the global FEOBV retention and amyloid-β status. Topographic profiles from voxel-wise analysis of FEOBV images revealed significant positive correlations with the cognitive domains associated with the underlying cortical areas. Overlapping profiles of decreased FEOBV were identified in correlation with impairment in executive function, attention and language, which covered the anterior cingulate gyrus, olfactory cortex, calcarine cortex, middle temporal gyrus and caudate nucleus. However, the absence of cortical atrophy in these areas suggested that reduced cholinergic terminal integrity in the cortex is an important factor underlying the observed cognitive decline in early dementia. Our results provide support for the utility and validity of FEOBV PET for quantitative assessment of region-specific cholinergic terminal integrity that could potentially be used for early detection of cholinergic dysfunction in dementia following further validation in larger cohorts.
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Dieny F, Fitranti D, Jauharany F, Tsani A, Faradila U, Rose S. Anthropometric profile and its correlation to insulin resistance in female
students with obesity. FOOD RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.6(2).129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in adolescent girls is increasing each year. Several
anthropometric measurements can be used to detect the incidence of insulin resistance.
This study was aimed to observe the correlation of anthropometric profiles with insulin
resistance in adolescent girls with obesity. This was an observational study with a total of
120 female students of Universitas Diponegoro (Undip), aged between 18 and 21 years
old, who have waist circumference >80 cm. They were chosen by a simple random
sampling technique. Anthropometric profile data taken has consisted of waist
circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR), waist-to-height
ratio (WHtR), neck circumference, waist circumference, thigh circumference, and 2D:4D
digit ratio. Insulin resistance data was determined using the Homeostasis Model
Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR.). Bivariate analysis was completed with the
Spearman rank test. There was 83.3% of subjects who experienced insulin resistance.
High WHtR was found in 98.3% of total subjects as many as 90.8% of subjects were at
risk based on WHR values. Based on 2D:4D ratio digits, neck circumference, wrist
circumference <50% of subjects were found as at risk. There was no correlation between
waist circumference, WHR, wrist circumference, 2D:4D digit ratio with HOMA-IR
(p>0.05). However, there was a positive correlation between WHtR, neck circumference,
and thigh circumference with HOMA-IR (p<0.05). Anthropometric profiles such as
WHtR, neck circumference, and thigh circumference were correlated with insulin
resistance in female adolescents with obesity.
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Reid LB, Martínez‐Heras E, Manjón JV, Jeffree RL, Alexander H, Trinder J, Solana E, Llufriu S, Rose S, Prior M, Fripp J. Fully automated delineation of the optic radiation for surgical planning using clinically feasible sequences. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5911-5926. [PMID: 34547147 PMCID: PMC8596983 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quadrantanopia caused by inadvertent severing of Meyer's Loop of the optic radiation is a well-recognised complication of temporal lobectomy for conditions such as epilepsy. Dissection studies indicate that the anterior extent of Meyer's Loop varies considerably between individuals. Quantifying this for individual patients is thus an important step to improve the safety profile of temporal lobectomies. Previous attempts to delineate Meyer's Loop using diffusion MRI tractography have had difficulty estimating its full anterior extent, required manual ROI placement, and/or relied on advanced diffusion sequences that cannot be acquired routinely in most clinics. Here we present CONSULT: a pipeline that can delineate the optic radiation from raw DICOM data in a completely automated way via a combination of robust pre-processing, segmentation, and alignment stages, plus simple improvements that bolster the efficiency and reliability of standard tractography. We tested CONSULT on 696 scans of predominantly healthy participants (539 unique brains), including both advanced acquisitions and simpler acquisitions that could be acquired in clinically acceptable timeframes. Delineations completed without error in 99.4% of the scans. The distance between Meyer's Loop and the temporal pole closely matched both averages and ranges reported in dissection studies for all tested sequences. Median scan-rescan error of this distance was 1 mm. When tested on two participants with considerable pathology, delineations were successful and realistic. Through this, we demonstrate not only how to identify Meyer's Loop with clinically feasible sequences, but also that this can be achieved without fundamental changes to tractography algorithms or complex post-processing methods.
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White AL, Javier HA, Withey S, Biggs SR, Rose S, Puttick SG, Whittaker AK. Deposition of non-porous calcium phosphate shells onto liquid filled microcapsules. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:575-583. [PMID: 34848058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficient encapsulation of small molecule active ingredients has been a challenge for many decades across many commercial applications. Recently, successful attempts to address this issue have included deposition of thin metal shells onto liquid filled polymer microcapsules or emulsion droplets to provide an impermeable barrier to diffusion. In this work we have developed a novel method to protect small molecule active ingredients by deposition of thin mineral shells. Platinum nanoparticles are used to catalyse and direct growth of a calcium phosphate shell onto liquid filled polymer microcapsules under various reaction conditions. Findings indicate that a non-porous protective shell is formed on the majority of the microcapsule population, with small concentrations of the core material being released only from those microcapsules with defects, over a 7 days period, when conducting forced release studies into a solvent for the core oil. The resulting microcapsules show no significant cell toxicity when exposed to HEK 293 cells for 72 h.
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Xia Y, Fazlollahi A, Dore V, Bourgeat P, Raniga P, Martin N, Salvado O, Rose S, Lupton MK, Breakspear M, Fripp J. Accumulation of amyloid‐β alters white matter integrity in cognitively unimpaired middle‐aged females. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.053113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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van Eijk L, Seidel M, Pannek K, George JM, Fiori S, Guzzetta A, Coulthard A, Bursle J, Ware RS, Bradford D, Rose S, Colditz PB, Boyd RN, Fripp J. Automating Quantitative Measures of an Established Conventional MRI Scoring System for Preterm-Born Infants Scanned between 29 and 47 Weeks' Postmenstrual Age. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1870-1877. [PMID: 34413061 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Conventional MR imaging scoring is a valuable tool for risk stratification and prognostication of outcomes, but manual scoring is time-consuming, operator-dependent, and requires high-level expertise. This study aimed to automate the regional measurements of an established brain MR imaging scoring system for preterm neonates scanned between 29 and 47 weeks' postmenstrual age. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used T2WI from the longitudinal Prediction of PREterm Motor Outcomes cohort study and the developing Human Connectome Project. Measures of biparietal width, interhemispheric distance, callosal thickness, transcerebellar diameter, lateral ventricular diameter, and deep gray matter area were extracted manually (Prediction of PREterm Motor Outcomes study only) and automatically. Scans with poor quality, failure of automated analysis, or severe pathology were excluded. Agreement, reliability, and associations between manual and automated measures were assessed and compared against statistics for manual measures. Associations between measures with postmenstrual age, gestational age at birth, and birth weight were examined (Pearson correlation) in both cohorts. RESULTS A total of 652 MRIs (86%) were suitable for analysis. Automated measures showed good-to-excellent agreement and good reliability with manual measures, except for interhemispheric distance at early MR imaging (scanned between 29 and 35 weeks, postmenstrual age; in line with poor manual reliability) and callosal thickness measures. All measures were positively associated with postmenstrual age (r = 0.11-0.94; R2 = 0.01-0.89). Negative and positive associations were found with gestational age at birth (r = -0.26-0.71; R2 = 0.05-0.52) and birth weight (r = -0.25-0.75; R2 = 0.06-0.56). Automated measures were successfully extracted for 80%-99% of suitable scans. CONCLUSIONS Measures of brain injury and impaired brain growth can be automatically extracted from neonatal MR imaging, which could assist with clinical reporting.
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Li J, Wuethrich A, Edwardraja S, Lobb RJ, Puttick S, Rose S, Howard CB, Trau M. Amplification-Free SARS-CoV-2 Detection Using Nanoyeast-scFv and Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Nanobox-Integrated Nanomixing Microassay. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10251-10260. [PMID: 34264067 PMCID: PMC8290924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of accurate and sensitive molecular detection for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is paramount to effectively control the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this regard, we herein propose the specific and highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection based on nanoyeast single-chain-variable fragment (scFv) and ultrasensitive plasmonic nanobox-integrated nanomixing microassay. Importantly, this designed platform showcases the utility of nanoyeast-scFvs as specific capture reagents targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the virus and as monoclonal antibody alternatives suitable for cost-effective mass production and frequent testing. By capitalizing on single-particle active nanoboxes as plasmonic nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the microassay utilizes highly sensitive Raman signals to indicate virus infection. The developed microassay further integrated nanomixing for accelerating molecular collisions. Through the synergistic working of nanoyeast-scFv, plasmonic nanoboxes, and nanomixing, the highly specific and sensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection is achieved as low as 17 virus/μL without any molecular amplification. We successfully demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva samples of simulated patients at clinically relevant viral loads, suggesting the possibility of this platform for accurate and noninvasive patient screening.
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Osorio Capitan M, Rose S, Novo Sukia I, Herrero de la Parte B, Ruiz Montesinos I, Garcia-Alonso I. ENHANCERS OF LIVER REGENERATION IN ONCOLOGICAL SURGERY. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab160.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Chemotherapy hinders liver function and probably its regenerating capacity, forcing to delay it after surgery. Our objective has been to verify this effect in an experimental model and to see if a hepatotrophic agent can prevent it.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Four groups of 6 WAG/RijHsd rats (males, 3-4 months) were submitted to ligation of the portal branch to the left lateral and left paramedian lobes. They were sacrificed 36 h later to quantify the percentage of liver corresponding to the ligated lobes (weight), the number of hepatocyte’s nuclei (nº/100 µm2) and their mean size (µm2). One group received no treatment (control); another folic acid (2.5 mg/kg ip, during surgery); other 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU 50 mg/kg ip 48 h before); and the fourth received folic&5-FU.
RESULTS
The animals treated with folic acid showed a greater number of hepatocyte’s nuclei (24.4 ± 2.77 vs 15.2 ± 1.51) and their mean size was also greater (121 ± 2.34 vs 111 ± 1.8). However, the reduction in weight of the ligated parenchyma was less than in control group (33.4 ± 1.08 vs 29.5 ± 1.08). 5-FU did not modify the number of nuclei (15.6 ± 18.4), although they were smaller in size (104 ± 1.7). The addition of folic acid to 5-FU increased the number of nuclei (21.7 ± 2.8) and normalized their size (111 ± 3.2).
CONCLUSIONS
5-FU exerts a depressant effect on livers regeneration, and folic acid overcomes it. Thus, folic acid could allow early application of chemotherapy without affecting liver regeneration.
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Xue C, Minocha J, Rose S, Sicklick J, Fanta P, Berman Z. Abstract No. 184 Radioembolization for metastatic succinate dehydrogenase–deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Woodford J, Gillman A, Jenvey P, Roberts J, Woolley S, Barber BE, Fernandez M, Rose S, Thomas P, Anstey NM, McCarthy JS. Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in experimental human malaria to identify organ-specific changes in morphology and glucose metabolism: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003567. [PMID: 34038421 PMCID: PMC8154100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax has been proposed to infect and replicate in the human spleen and bone marrow. Compared to Plasmodium falciparum, which is known to undergo microvascular tissue sequestration, little is known about the behavior of P. vivax outside of the circulating compartment. This may be due in part to difficulties in studying parasite location and activity in life. METHODS AND FINDINGS To identify organ-specific changes during the early stages of P. vivax infection, we performed 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) at baseline and just prior to onset of clinical illness in P. vivax experimentally induced blood-stage malaria (IBSM) and compared findings to P. falciparum IBSM. Seven healthy, malaria-naive participants were enrolled from 3 IBSM trials: NCT02867059, ACTRN12616000174482, and ACTRN12619001085167. Imaging took place between 2016 and 2019 at the Herston Imaging Research Facility, Australia. Postinoculation imaging was performed after a median of 9 days in both species (n = 3 P. vivax; n = 4 P. falciparum). All participants were aged between 19 and 23 years, and 6/7 were male. Splenic volume (P. vivax: +28.8% [confidence interval (CI) +10.3% to +57.3%], P. falciparum: +22.9 [CI -15.3% to +61.1%]) and radiotracer uptake (P. vivax: +15.5% [CI -0.7% to +31.7%], P. falciparum: +5.5% [CI +1.4% to +9.6%]) increased following infection with each species, but more so in P. vivax infection (volume: p = 0.72, radiotracer uptake: p = 0.036). There was no change in FDG uptake in the bone marrow (P. vivax: +4.6% [CI -15.9% to +25.0%], P. falciparum: +3.2% [CI -3.2% to +9.6%]) or liver (P. vivax: +6.2% [CI -8.7% to +21.1%], P. falciparum: -1.4% [CI -4.6% to +1.8%]) following infection with either species. In participants with P. vivax, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count decreased from baseline at the time of postinoculation imaging. Decrements in hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly greater in participants with P. vivax infection compared to P. falciparum. The main limitations of this study are the small sample size and the inability of this tracer to differentiate between host and parasite metabolic activity. CONCLUSIONS PET/MRI indicated greater splenic tropism and metabolic activity in early P. vivax infection compared to P. falciparum, supporting the hypothesis of splenic accumulation of P. vivax very early in infection. The absence of uptake in the bone marrow and liver suggests that, at least in early infection, these tissues do not harbor a large parasite biomass or do not provoke a prominent metabolic response. PET/MRI is a safe and noninvasive method to evaluate infection-associated organ changes in morphology and glucose metabolism.
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Mojdehbakhsh RP, Rose S, Peterson M, Rice L, Spencer R. A quality improvement pathway to rapidly increase telemedicine services in a gynecologic oncology clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic with patient satisfaction scores and environmental impact. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2021; 36:100708. [PMID: 33521218 PMCID: PMC7825917 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2021.100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary goal was to convert 50% of all outpatient Gynecologic Oncology (GynOnc) encounters during the COVID-19 pandemic to telemedicine within one week. The secondary goal was to reach 100% documentation of telemedicine consent. The tertiary goal was to analyze patient satisfaction scores. An additional goal was to estimate CO2 emissions prevented from being produced. The period from 3/16/2020–4/15/2020 was targeted. The initial intervention involved transitioning surveillance visits. A second intervention, with nursing and advanced-practice-provider support, included transitioning additional visit types, and distributing a note template. The Telehealth Satisfaction Survey (TeSS) was administered to patients. Descriptive statistics and run charts were used to analyze and depict results. Within four weeks, there were 408 encounters; 217 were telemedicine (53.2%). Following the second intervention, 13 of 15 days (86.7%) reached the 50% telemedicine target and consent was documented in 96.6% of the telemedicine encounters. The TeSS had a 74.8% response-rate. Patients rated the following aspects of the telemedicine encounter as good or excellent: call quality (96.5%), personal comfort (92.9%), length-of-visit (94.7%), treatment explanation (93.8%), overall experience (88.5%). Moreover, 82.3% of patients would use telemedicine again. Additionally, 6.25 metric tons of CO2 emissions from travel were prevented from being produced. A GynOnc clinic can rapidly implement telemedicine systems. With multidisciplinary team planning and standardized note templates, transitioning 50% of encounters to telemedicine and achieving high rates of consent documentation were accomplished in four weeks. This increase in telemedicine represented a measurable decrease in the amount of CO2 emissions. Additionally, patients were overwhelmingly satisfied.
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François M, Karpe A, Liu JW, Beale D, Hor M, Hecker J, Faunt J, Maddison J, Johns S, Doecke J, Rose S, Leifert WR. Salivaomics as a Potential Tool for Predicting Alzheimer's Disease During the Early Stages of Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1301-1313. [PMID: 34151801 PMCID: PMC8461673 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolomic and proteomic basis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood and the relationships between systemic abnormalities in metabolism and AD/AMCI pathogenesis are unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the metabolomic and proteomic signature of saliva from cognitively normal and patients diagnosed with MCI or AD, to identify specific cellular pathways altered with the progression of the disease. METHODS We analyzed 80 saliva samples from individuals with MCI or AD as well as age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Saliva proteomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted utilizing mass spectrometry methods and data combined using pathway analysis. RESULTS We found significant alterations in multiple cellular pathways, demonstrating that at the omics level, disease progression impacts numerous cellular processes. Multivariate statistics using SIMCA showed that partial least squares-data analysis could be used to provide separation of the three groups. CONCLUSION This study found significant changes in metabolites and proteins from multiple cellular pathways in saliva. These changes were associated with AD, demonstrating that this approach might prove useful to identify new biomarkers based upon integration of multi-omics parameters.
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Kraatz S, Rose S, Cosh M, Torbick N, Huang X, Siqueira P. Performance Evaluation of UAVSAR and Simulated NISAR Data for Crop/Noncrop Classification Over Stoneville, MS. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 8:e2020EA001363. [PMID: 33681415 PMCID: PMC7900998 DOI: 10.1029/2020ea001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are well-suited for change detection over agricultural fields, owing to high spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity to soil and vegetation. The goal of this work is to evaluate the science algorithm for the NASA ISRO SAR (NISAR) Cropland Area product using data collected by NASA's airborne Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR (UAVSAR) platform and the simulated NISAR data derived from it. This study uses mode 129, which is to be used for global-scale mapping. The mode consists of an upper (129A) and lower band (129B), respectively having bandwidths of 20 and 5 MHz. This work uses 129A data because it has a four times finer range resolution compared to 129B. The NISAR algorithm uses the coefficient of variation (CV) to perform crop/noncrop classification at 100 m. We evaluate classifications using three accuracy metrics (overall accuracy, J-statistic, Cohen's Kappa) and spatial resolutions (10, 30, and 100 m) for crop/noncrop delineating CV thresholds (CVthr) ranging from 0 to 1 in 0.01 increments. All but the 10 m 129A product exceeded NISAR's mission accuracy requirement of 80%. The UAVSAR 10 m data performed best, achieving maximum overall accuracy, J-statistic, and Kappa values of 85%, 0.62, and 0.60. The same metrics for the 129A product respectively are: 77%, 0.40, 0.36 at 10 m; 81%, 0.55, 0.49 at 30 m; 80%, 0.58, 0.50 at 100 m. We found that using a literature recommended CVthr value of 0.5 yielded suboptimal accuracy (65%) at this site and that optimal CVthr values monotonically decreased with decreasing spatial resolution.
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