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Ghosh CK, Rahman KM, Hasan SA, Das N, Miah AR. A Case Report of an Unusual Cause of Dysphagia from Enlarged Subcarinal Lymph Node. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:1202-1205. [PMID: 36189573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, and weight loss are classic symptoms of bronchial carcinoma. Small cell lung cancer presents late with obviously abnormal chest radiographs and with bulky, usually mediastinal lymph node involvement. Dysphagia rarely occurs in patients with bronchial carcinoma. There are many causes of dysphagia in bronchial carcinoma such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy, direct tumor invasion of the mediastinum, radiotherapy, secondary achalasia. This report presents a case of progressive dysphagia to solid foods and weight loss of a 28-year-old male, non-smoker due to subcarinal lymph node enlargement from metastatic bronchial adenocarcinoma.
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Reddy R, Reddy S. Trends in Imaging Patterns of Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Reality or a Statistical Variation? A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Analysis of Outcomes. Med Princ Pract 2022; 31:480-485. [PMID: 36195060 PMCID: PMC9801366 DOI: 10.1159/000527246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchogenic carcinoma accounts for more cancer-related deaths than any other malignancy and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. Bronchogenic carcinoma is by far the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women, making up almost 25% of all cancer deaths. The objective of this study was to identify the changing trends, if any, in radiological patterns of bronchogenic carcinoma to document the various computed tomography (CT) appearances of bronchogenic carcinoma with histopathologic correlation. METHODS This was a single-center cross-sectional study on 162 patients with clinical or radiological suspicion of bronchogenic carcinoma with histopathological confirmation of diagnosis. RESULTS There was a male preponderance with bronchogenic carcinoma and smoking being the most common risk factor. Squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma is the most common histologic subtype. Squamous cell carcinoma was noted to be present predominantly in the peripheral location (55.5%), and adenocarcinoma was noted to be present predominantly in the central location (68.4%). CONCLUSION CT is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating bronchogenic carcinoma and provides for precise characterization of the size, extent, and staging of the carcinoma. Among 162 bronchogenic carcinoma cases evaluated in the current study, a definite changing trend in the radiological pattern of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was observed. Squamous cell carcinoma was predominantly noted to be a peripheral tumor, and adenocarcinoma is predominantly noted to be a central tumor. Surveillance or restaging scans are recommended, considering the high mortality rate in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
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Hua X, Han SH, Wei SZ, Wu Y, Sha J, Zhu XL. Clinical features of pulmonary embolism in patients with lung cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223230. [PMID: 31568496 PMCID: PMC6768482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is correlated with increased mortality among patients with lung cancer (LC). The characteristics of patients with LC presenting with PE have not been fully established, and our meta-analysis aims to comprehensively investigate the clinical characteristics associated with PE in patients with LC to help physicians identify PE earlier in these patients. Methods Multiple databases were searched, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang. Odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used as effect measures for dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively. Moreover, Egger’s test, Begg’s test and a sensitivity analysis were performed to assess the publication bias and reliability of the articles. Results In total, 16 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The results indicated that history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.09, 6.15; P = 0.03), adenocarcinoma (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.88, 2.77; P < 0.01), advanced tumour stage (TNM III-IV vs. I-II, OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.99, 2.86; P < 0.01), history of central venous catheter (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.78; P < 0.01), history of chemotherapy (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.80, 2.99, P < 0.01), high levels of D-dimer (WMD = 4.31, 95% CI: 2.53, 6.10; P < 0.01) and carcinoembryonic antigen (WMD = 10.30, 95% CI: 9.95, 10.64; P < 0.01) and a low level of partial pressure of oxygen (WMD = -25.97, 95% CI: -31.31, -20.62; P < 0.01) were clinical features of LC patients with PE compared to those without PE. Conclusions These results reveal that LC patients with PE have specific clinical features, including but not limited to several cancer- and treatment-related factors, that may help their early identification.
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Beane JE, Mazzilli SA, Campbell JD, Duclos G, Krysan K, Moy C, Perdomo C, Schaffer M, Liu G, Zhang S, Liu H, Vick J, Dhillon SS, Platero SJ, Dubinett SM, Stevenson C, Reid ME, Lenburg ME, Spira AE. Molecular subtyping reveals immune alterations associated with progression of bronchial premalignant lesions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1856. [PMID: 31015447 PMCID: PMC6478943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs) are precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma, but have variable outcome, and we lack tools to identify and treat PMLs at risk for progression to cancer. Here we report the identification of four molecular subtypes of PMLs with distinct differences in epithelial and immune processes based on RNA-Seq profiling of endobronchial biopsies from high-risk smokers. The Proliferative subtype is enriched with bronchial dysplasia and exhibits up-regulation of metabolic and cell cycle pathways. A Proliferative subtype-associated gene signature identifies subjects with Proliferative PMLs from normal-appearing uninvolved large airway brushings with high specificity. In progressive/persistent Proliferative lesions expression of interferon signaling and antigen processing/presentation pathways decrease and immunofluorescence indicates a depletion of innate and adaptive immune cells compared with regressive lesions. Molecular biomarkers measured in PMLs or the uninvolved airway can enhance histopathological grading and suggest immunoprevention strategies for intercepting the progression of PMLs to lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biopsy
- Bronchi/diagnostic imaging
- Bronchi/immunology
- Bronchi/pathology
- Bronchoscopy
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/immunology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/prevention & control
- Cohort Studies
- Datasets as Topic
- Disease Progression
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Gene Regulatory Networks/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mass Screening/methods
- Middle Aged
- Precancerous Conditions/diagnostic imaging
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/diagnostic imaging
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Up-Regulation
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Leila S, Yassine M, Souhaib A, Houda A, Ibtissam H, Abdeljalil M. [Iris and iridocorneal angle tumor secondary to bronchial carcinoma]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:893-895. [PMID: 30458923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bedini AV, Cataldo I, Valente M, Ravasi G. Five-Year Recurrence Probabilities in 330 Patients Curatively Resected for Stage Ia Bronchogenic Carcinoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 73:131-7. [PMID: 3576709 DOI: 10.1177/030089168707300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three hundred and thirty consecutive cases of resected Stage Ia (TNM UICC classification) lung carcinomas were retrospectively reviewed with the aim of evaluating actuarial probabilities of recurrence within the 5th year from operation, according to the extent of resection, the cell type, and the T number. The probabilities of recurrence according to the pattern of failure were also assessed. Five-year overall probability of recurrence was 46.3 %. Pneumonectomies showed a lower rate of relapse (37.4 %) than lobectomies (49.2 %), even though non significant. However, patients submitted to a lobectomy had a higher rate of 5-year survivors. Cell type had no significant impact on the probability of recurrence. 35.5 % of patients with T1 carcinomas had evidence of relapse compared with 51.1 % of patients with T2 tumors. This datum is explained by the presence in T1 group of a high share of squamous cell cases. Patients with T1 squamous cell carcinomas had, in fact, the best prognosis (26.5 % recurred) among the subgroups obtained by stratification of T number and cell type together; loco-regional failure as exclusive modality of relapse had a 5-year rate of 19.7 % and metastatic failure of 30.0 %. Adenocarcinomas had a significantly higher impact on the occurrence of brain metastases.
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Rapellino M, Pecchio F, Aimo G, Priolo G, Baldi S, Ruffini E, Cianci R. Clinical Significance of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Patients with Bronchogenic Carcinoma and Benign Lung Diseases: A Comparative Study. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 7:103-6. [PMID: 1634820 DOI: 10.1177/172460089200700206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) was determined in the serum of 72 lung carcinoma patients. Twenty-four healthy subjects younger than 50 years and 10 healthy subjects older than 70 years were considered as control group. TNF was also measured in 20 patients with stage I sarcoidosis and in 15 patients with pulmonary fibrosis. The marker was detected in 32% of cases in the neoplastic group, in 37.5% of disease confined to the chest and in 25% of advanced disease cases. A large proportion of TNF-positive samples was found in sarcoidosis (30%), and even larger in pulmonary fibrosis (66.6%). TNF was also present in healthy subjects older than 70 (40%). We conclude that TNF is not specific of malignancy, being demonstrable in other benign pulmonary diseases and even in the course of physiological aging.
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Salarić I, Miloš M, Brajdić D, Manojlović S, Trutin Ostović K, Macan D. Bronchogenic adenocarcinoma metastatic tumor mimicking a dentoalveolar abscess in the maxilla. QUINTESSENCE INTERNATIONAL (BERLIN, GERMANY : 1985) 2016; 47:785-90. [PMID: 27284583 DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a36324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intraosseous metastatic tumors (IOM) in maxilla are less frequent than the soft tissue metastatic tumors. Lung and bronchogenic metastatic tumors are uncommon in the maxilla. We present a maxillary bronchogenic metastasis with a rare clinical appearance. IOM was misdiagnosed as a dentoalveolar abscess and treated with antibiotics for 3 weeks. After not responding to antibiotics, the patient's general dental practitioner forwarded the patient to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The associated tooth was extracted and the patient was recalled 1 week later. No signs of improvement were observed, and cytology, biopsy, and radiology diagnostics were performed. Cytologic results and biopsy could not differentiate a metastatic tumor from a salivary duct carcinoma. Ultimately, negative androgen receptors immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of bronchogenic metastatic adenocarcinoma. This case report stresses the importance of taking a thorough medical history. To our knowledge, this is the third bronchogenic IOM to the maxilla reported, mimicking a dentoalveolar abscess. General dental practitioners are among the first in contact with oral metastatic tumors and it is therefore important to report unusual clinical cases, as they present a diagnostic challenge for both the clinician and the pathologist.
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Scrimini S, Pons J, Agustí A, Clemente A, Sallán MC, Bauçà JM, Soriano JB, Cosio BG, Lopez M, Crespi C, Sauleda J. Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: potential link between inflammation and cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1261-70. [PMID: 26122358 PMCID: PMC11029165 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a risk factor for lung cancer (LC). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) down-regulate the T cell receptor ζ chain (TCR ζ) through L-arginine deprivation and lead to T cell dysfunction and deficient antitumor immunity. We hypothesized that abnormally high levels of MDSCs in COPD patients may alter tumor immunosurveillance. METHODS We compared the proportion of circulating MDSCs (Lin-HLA-DR-/CD33+/CD11b+) (by flow cytometry), arginase I (ARG I) serum levels (by ELISA), and expression levels of TCR ζ on circulating lymphocytes (by flow cytometry) in 28 patients with LC, 62 subjects with COPD, 41 patients with both LC and COPD, 40 smokers with normal spirometry and 33 non-smoking controls. T cell proliferation assays were performed in a subgroup of participants (CFSE dilution protocol). RESULTS We found that: (1) circulating MDSCs were up-regulated in COPD and LC patients (with and without COPD); (2) MDSCs expansion was associated with TCR ζ down-regulation in the three groups; (3) in LC patients, these findings were independent of COPD and tobacco smoking exposure; (4) TCR ζ down-regulation correlates with T cell hyporesponsiveness in COPD and LC patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tumor immunosurveillance might be impaired in COPD and may contribute to the increased risk of LC reported in these patients.
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Prasad R, Srivastava AN, Verma SK. Clinico-pathological Profile of Bronchogenic Carcinoma Among Females in North India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES & ALLIED SCIENCES 2015; 57:161-163. [PMID: 26749914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to explore the clinico-pathological profile of bronchogenic carcinoma among females. METHODS One hundred and twenty-four female patients with histopathologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma who were hospitalised in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow from July 1985 to February 2007 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS Their mean age was 61 years; 12.9% of these were less than 40 years of age. Of these, 79% of female patients of lung cancer were first regarded as pulmonary tuberculosis; 76% belonged to rural area. Use of biomass fuel and kerosene oil exposure was the predominant risk factors evident among the 116 non-smoker women. Adenocarcinoma was observed in 43.5%, followed by squamous cell carcinoma in 33.1% and the remaining 23.4% cases were small cell carcinoma. The majority (77.4%) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients had advanced stage disease (I]Ib and IV) and 58% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients had limited disease and 42% of SCLC patients had extensive disease at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION Adenocarcinoma was found to be the most common histopathological type of bronchogenic carcinoma among these females.
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Walton ZJ, Holmes RE, Chapin RW, Lindsey KG, Leddy LR. Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma with soft-tissue metastasis to the hand: an unusual case presentation and review of the literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPEDICS (BELLE MEAD, N.J.) 2014; 43:E324-E327. [PMID: 25490021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma of the lung is the most common lethal form of cancer in both men and women worldwide. Orthopedic manifestations of lung cancer frequently include bony metastasis, most commonly the vertebrae (42%), ribs (20%), and pelvis (18%). Acral metastatic disease is defined as metastasis distal to the elbow or the knee. Metastases to the bones of the hand are extremely rare. Only 0.1% of metastatic disease resulting from any type of carcinoma or sarcoma manifests as metastasis in the hand. There are only a few reports in the literature of soft-tissue or muscular metastasis to the hand from a carcinoma. Of these cases, the majority are caused by metastatic lung carcinoma. However, there are no reports in the literature of metastatic disease of squamous cell origin affecting the soft tissues of the hand. We present a case of a man with known metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who presented with acral soft-tissue metastatic disease. This report highlights a rare clinical scenario that has not been reported in the literature. This report also highlights a rare but important consideration for clinicians who encounter acral soft-tissue lesions in patients with a history of a primary carcinoma.
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Man BL, Fu YP. Pituitary apoplexy in a patient with suspected metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2013-202803. [PMID: 24891479 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-202803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Li DR, Wan T, Su Y, Ding M, Wu JX, Zhao Y. Liquid-based cytological test of samples obtained by catheter aspiration is applicable for the bronchoscopic confirmation of pulmonary malignant tumors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:2508-2517. [PMID: 24966963 PMCID: PMC4069929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to confirm the value of electronic bronchoscopy-aided catheter aspiration technique with liquid-based cytological test in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. A total of 815 patients of lung cancer were evaluated by bronchoscopy between February 2011 and June 2012. Catheter aspiration technique and forceps biopsy during bronchoscopy were employed to obtain adequate tissue specimens. Liquid-based cytological test and conventional smears for catheter aspiration were used for cytological detection of the tumors. For all cytological specimens, slide preparations with LCT and CS were reviewed by two senior pathologists, who were blinded to patient medical history. Complications related to electronic bronchoscopy, such as bleeding, were clinically judged as light, moderate or severe by the needs for clinical interventions. The diagnostic yield of catheter aspiration in endobronchial visible lesions (tumor, infiltrative and necrotic lesions) was 94.6% (success rates concerning malignancy), which was slightly higher than that of the forceps biopsy (91.4%, P<0.05). The diagnostic yield of catheter aspiration in endobronchial invisible lesions (normal, compressive and nonspecific lesions) was 82.8%, which was significantly higher than that of the forceps biopsy (51.4%, P<0.01). The combination of the forceps biopsy with the cytological analysis of the catheter aspiration increased the diagnostic sensitivity in both lesion types (P<0.05). For catheter aspiration, the positive rate of lung cancer by liquid-based cytological test was superior to that by conventional smears (P<0.05). The catheter aspiration is a sampling technique that produces higher diagnostic rate for lung cancers compared with forceps biopsy. Liquid-based cytological test is routinely applicable for the diagnosis of lung cancer using samples collected through electronic bronchoscopy.
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Hytych V, Taskova A, Horazdovsky P, Konopa Z, Demes R, Cermak J, Vrabcova A, Hoferka P, Pohnan R. Importance of systemic mediastinal lymphadenectomy in exact staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 114:569-72. [PMID: 24156680 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2013_121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constituent part of radical lung resection for lung cancer is a dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes. Lymphadenectomy is a standard procedure in an assessment of clinical stage of the disease. The aim of the study was to map metastasizing of bronchogenic non-small cell lung carcinoma into homolateral mediastinal lymph nodes and to assess the importance of mediastinal lymphadenectomy for exact staging and survival. METHODS Study of 31patients with lung resection and systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy operated from August 2004 to January 2007, with pre-operative stage Ia to IIb (TNM classification) - according to CT without mediastinal lymph nodes invasion and with positive histological finding after systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy. RESULTS Tumors in right upper lobe metastasized in 45.5 % into group 1 nodes (stages N1-N4) and group 3 nodes (stages N7) and in 9 % into group 4 nodes (stages N8-N9). Tumors of the right middle lobe metastasized in 100 % into group 3 nodes (stage N7).Tumors of the right lower lobe metastasized in 87.5 % into group 3 nodes (N7) and in 12.5 % into group 4 nodes (stages N8-N9). Tumors of the left upper lobe metastasized in 9.0 % in group 1 nodes (stages N1-N4), in 82 % into group 2 nodes (stages N5-N6) and in 9.0 % were found skip metastases into group 4 nodes (stages N8-N9). Tumors of the left lower lobe metastasized in 26.7 % in group 4 nodes, 46.6 % into group 3 nodes, in 20,0 % into group 2 nodes and in 6,7 % into group 1 nodes. CONCLUSION Systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy is crucial for determining the stage of the disease according to the TNM classification. Systematic lymphadenectomy is essential for the diagnosis of stage IIIa disease and setting of additional therapy that prolongs survival (Ref. 17).
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Radu BE, Marioara P, Constantin BN, Maria CA, Raluca CA, Marius R, Caius D. Unusual bilateral cervical metastases as first clinical evidence of lung cancer. In Vivo 2013; 27:409-414. [PMID: 23606699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on an unusual case of laterocervical bilateral metastatatic masses with unknown clinical, radiological or computer tomographicic detected primary site of origin. Cancer of an unknown primary site is a clinical syndrome, accounting for 2%-5% of patients with cancer. The peculiarities of our case are its evolution as fast-growing bilateral tumor masses with involvement of other neck structures and its unexpected origin from the lung, certified by complementary immunohistochemical tests following surgery, in the absence of any other clinical signs or any detectable lung tumor mass by radiological or computer tomographic tests.
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Girard N, Cordier JF. [Screening studies of lung cancer: implications for monitoring of pulmonary nodules]. LA REVUE DU PRATICIEN 2012; 62:821-822. [PMID: 22838285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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17
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Bago-Horvath Z, Sieghart W, Grusch M, Lackner A, Hayden H, Pirker C, Komina O, Węsierska-Gądek J, Haitel A, Filipits M, Berger W, Schmid K. Synergistic effects of erlotinib and everolimus on bronchial carcinoids and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas with activated EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway. Neuroendocrinology 2012; 96:228-37. [PMID: 22378048 DOI: 10.1159/000337257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are crucial targets in cancer therapy. Combined inhibition of both targets yielded synergistic effects in vitro and in vivo in several cancer entities. However, the impact of EGFR and mTOR expression and combined inhibition in neuroendocrine lung tumors other than small-cell lung cancer remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression and activation of EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway constituents were investigated in typical and atypical bronchial carcinoid (AC) tumors and large-cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNEC) by immunohistochemistry in 110 tumor samples, and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. Cytotoxicity of mTOR inhibitor everolimus and EGFR inhibitor erlotinib alone and in combination was assessed using growth inhibition assay in NCI-H720 AC and SHP-77 LCNEC cells. Cell cycle phase distribution was determined by FACS. Apoptosis-associated activation of caspase-3/7 was measured by Caspase-Glo® assay. Activity status of EGFR and mTOR pathway components was analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS Activation of the EGFR/AKT/mTOR axis could be demonstrated in all entities and was significantly increased in higher grade tumors. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlated significantly with p-AKT expression and p-ERK loss. Erlotinib combined with everolimus exerted synergistic combination effects in AC and LCNEC cells by induction of apoptosis, while cell cycle phase distribution remained unaffected. These effects could be explained by synergistic downregulation of phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6 kinase and phospho-AKT expression by everolimus and erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that EGFR and mTOR are clinically important targets in bronchial neuroendocrine tumors, and further in vivo and clinical exploration of combined inhibition is warranted.
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Mets RB, Golchet P, Adamus G, Anitori R, Wilson D, Shaw J, Jampol LM. Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation with a positive ophthalmoscopic and visual response to plasmapheresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 129:1235-8. [PMID: 21911680 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Fafin-Lefevre M, Morlais F, Guittet L, Clin B, Launoy G, Galateau-Sallé F, Plancoulaine B, Herlin P, Letourneux M. Nuclear morphology for the detection of alterations in bronchial cells from lung cancer: an attempt to improve sensitivity and specificity. ANALYTICAL AND QUANTITATIVE CYTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY 2011; 33:183-195. [PMID: 21980622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify which morphologic or densitometric parameters are modified in cell nuclei from bronchopulmonary cancer based on 18 parameters involving shape, intensity, chromatin, texture, and DNA content and develop a bronchopulmonary cancer screening method relying on analysis of sputum sample cell nuclei. STUDY DESIGN A total of 25 sputum samples from controls and 22 bronchial aspiration samples from patients presenting with bronchopulmonary cancer who were professionally exposed to cancer were used. After Feulgen staining, 18 morphologic and DNA content parameters were measured on cell nuclei, via image cytom- etry. A method was developed for analyzing distribution quantiles, compared with simply interpreting mean values, to characterize morphologic modifications in cell nuclei. RESULTS Distribution analysis of parameters enabled us to distinguish 13 of 18 parameters that demonstrated significant differences between controls and cancer cases. These parameters, used alone, enabled us to distinguish two population types, with both sensitivity and specificity > 70%. Three parameters offered 100% sensitivity and specificity. When mean values offered high sensitivity and specificity, comparable or higher sensitivity and specificity values were observed for at least one of the corresponding quantiles. CONCLUSION Analysis of modification in morphologic parameters via distribution analysis proved promising for screening bronchopulmonary cancer from sputum.
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20
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Frey JG, Bieri S. [Endobronchic palliative brachytherapy]. REVUE MEDICALE SUISSE 2011; 7:789-791. [PMID: 21595307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Brachytherapy, the placement of an encapsuled radioactive source (Iridium) in or near a tumor, is a palliative therapeutic modality available for patients suffering of a bronchogenic cancer, especially if they present invalidating symptoms such an incoercible cough, haemoptysis, dyspnea. The treatment modality is indicated if chemotherapy or external irradiation are not possible. It is typically a team work.
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Garg MK, Pakhetra R, Dutta MK, Gundgurthy A. ABG clue leads to diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2011; 59:270. [PMID: 21755773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Zheng JX, Tan TK, Kumar DS, Lim LC, Loh HL. Subdural haematoma due to dural metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma in a previously well patient: an unusual cause of non-traumatic recurrent intracranial haematomata. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:e66-e69. [PMID: 21552776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Subdural haematomata (SDH) are usually traumatic in aetiology. Non-traumatic instances of SDH are uncommon, and can rarely be due to metastases involving the dura. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can be misleading, as the underlying aetiology may be masked by the SDH, or the appearance can simulate meningiomas. A high index of suspicion for SDH is thus required. Under such circumstances, when no overt cause is identified, dural tissue should be sent for histological analysis and blood clot for cytology, even if the appearances are grossly normal at surgery. We present a rare case of a 42-year-old woman who was previously well, but presented with progressive weakness due to acute spontaneous SDH. She required repeated surgical evacuations for SDH and for subsequent recurrent extradural haematomata. After extensive investigations, the cause was identified to be secondary dural metastases from a primary lung carcinoma.
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李 旸, 徐 澄, 孙 威, 张 霓, 付 向. [Left main bronchus root prolongation to cure 3 patients whose carina is involved by lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2011; 14:271-4. [PMID: 21426672 PMCID: PMC5999652 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.03.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Patient whose carina is involved by carcinoma is difficult to treat by surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of left main bronchus root prolongation to cure these patients. METHODS Three patients with lung carcinoma received tumor, right upper lung and carina excision. And then the trachea and the carina was rebuilt by continuous suture, so that the left main bronchus root was extended by 3 cm, then the middle and lower lobe bronchus were sutured to the right lateral wall of the moved up eminence. RESULTS All the patients left hospital successfully after three-week treatment, without anastomotic stoma fistula. And they got good quality of life after 30, 21 and 11 months' follow-up, no recurrence or metabasis was found. CONCLUSIONS The left main bronchus root prolongation can preserve the left lateral wall, however, part of the tracheal mucous membrane and arteria trachealis can be protected without injury. It's benifit for making productive cough and lowering complications after operation. The new carinal reconstruction process has definite indication, which refer to patient with normal left main bronchus root and the right inferior segment trachea involved by carcinoma.
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Oda S, Awai K, Murao K, Ozawa A, Utsunomiya D, Yanaga Y, Kawanaka K, Yamashita Y. Volume-doubling time of pulmonary nodules with ground glass opacity at multidetector CT: Assessment with computer-aided three-dimensional volumetry. Acad Radiol 2011; 18:63-9. [PMID: 21145028 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the volume-doubling time (VDT) of histologically proved pulmonary nodules showing ground glass opacity (GGO) at multidetector CT (MDCT) using computer-aided three-dimensional volumetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 47 GGO nodules (mixed n = 28, pure n = 19) that had been examined by thin-section helical CT more than once. They were histologically confirmed as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH, n = 13), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC, n = 22), and adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 12). Using computer-aided three-dimensional volumetry software, two radiologists independently performed volumetry of GGO nodules and calculated the VDT using data acquired from the initial and final CT study. We compared VDT among the three pathologies and also compared the VDT of mixed and pure GGO nodules. RESULTS The mean VDT of all GGO nodules was 486.4 ± 368.6 days (range 89.0-1583.0 days). The mean VDT for AAH, BAC, and AC was 859.2 ± 428.9, 421.2 ± 228.4, and 202.1 ± 84.3 days, respectively; there were statistically significant differences for all comparative combinations of AAH, BAC, and AC (Steel-Dwass test, P < .01). The mean VDT for pure and mixed GGO nodules was 628.5 ± 404.2 and 276.9 ± 155.9 days, respectively; it was significantly shorter for mixed than pure GGO nodules (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < .01). CONCLUSION The evaluation of VDT using computer-aided volumetry may be helpful in assessing the histological entities of GGO nodules.
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