Diagnosing and managing prescription opioid use disorder in patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain in Australian general practice settings: a qualitative study using the theory of Planned Behaviour

BACKGROUND

Chronic pain is a debilitating and common health issue. General Practitioners (GPs) often prescribe opioids to treat chronic pain, despite limited evidence of benefit and increasing evidence of harms, including prescription Opioid Use Disorder (pOUD). Australian GPs are worried about the harms of long-term opioids, but few are involved in the treatment of pOUD. There is little research on GPs' experiences diagnosing and managing pOUD in their chronic pain patients.

METHODS

This qualitative research used semi-structured interviews and a case study to investigate GPs' experiences through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). TPB describes three factors, an individual's perceived beliefs/attitudes, perceived social norms and perceived behavioural controls. Participants were interviewed via an online video conferencing platform. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.

RESULTS

Twenty-four GPs took part. Participants were aware of the complex presentations for chronic pain patients and concerned about long-term opioid use. Their approach was holistic, but they had limited understanding of pOUD diagnosis and suggested that pOUD had only one treatment: Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT). Participants felt uncomfortable prescribing opioids and were fearful of difficult, conflictual conversations with patients about the possibility of pOUD. This led to avoidance and negative attitudes towards diagnosing pOUD. There were few positive social norms, few colleagues diagnosed or managed pOUD. Participants reported that their colleagues only offered positive support as this would allow them to avoid managing pOUD themselves, while patients and other staff were often unsupportive. Negative behavioural controls were common with low levels of knowledge, skill, professional supports, inadequate time and remuneration described by many participants. They felt OAT was not core general practice and required specialist management. This dichotomous approach was reflected in their views that the health system only supported treatment for chronic pain or pOUD, not both conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

Negative beliefs, negative social norms and negative behavioural controls decreased individual behavioural intention for this group of GPs. Diagnosing and managing pOUD in chronic pain patients prescribed opioids was perceived as difficult and unsupported. Interventions to change behaviour must address negative perceptions in order to lead to more positive intentions to engage in the management of pOUD.

Pilot randomized controlled trial using the theory of planned behavior to promote sexual consent of undergraduates in Greek-letter organizations

OBJECTIVE

Sexual assault is prevalent among undergraduates in Greek-letter organizations (GLO). Prevention efforts promote sexual consent, though few explicitly employ theoretical constructs known to positively influence behavior. This study evaluated theory-informed educational posters promoting sexual consent seeking.

PARTICIPANTS

Forty undergraduate GLO students (20 female, 20 male) were recruited through in-person, email, and social media solicitation. Data collection was completed March-November 2019 during the spring and fall semesters.

METHODS

A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. Intervention participants viewed theory-informed educational posters promoting sexual consent.

RESULTS

The intervention group demonstrated more favorable consent intention (p = .024; η2 = 0.131) and consent subjective norms (p = .040; η2 = 0.109). Intervention group males showed a greater improvement in one of four consent attitudes (p = .045; η2 = 0.211).

CONCLUSIONS

Brief exposures to theory-informed messaging may help to improve subjective norms and behavioral intent to seek sexual consent among undergraduate GLO members.

Extending the theory of planned behavior model to explain people's behavioral intentions to follow China's AI generated content law

AI Generated Content Law was extensively promoted in 2023; hence, it is crucial to uncover factors influencing people's behavioral intentions to comply with the AI Generated Content Law. This study extends the theory of planned behavior to explore the factors influencing people to follow AI Generated Content Law in China. In addition to the factors in TPB model, such as one's attitudinal factors, normative factors, and perceived behavioral control, we add another factor-moral obligation to extend the theory of planned behavior model. We used convenient sampling and there were 712 effective samples. Using the statistical software Amos17.0, the result shows that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and moral obligation all have positive effects on intentions to follow AI Generated Content Law.

Consumption status of functional drinks based on the theory of planned behavior and the stages of change model in female employees

This study aimed to determine the consumption status of functional drinks based on the theory of planned behavior and the Stages of Change Model. This study was conducted on 536 female employees of Birjand offices in 2022. The data was collected by using the functional food questionnaire and was analyzed using SPSS with significance level of P < 0.05. The largest number of people consume probiotic drinks (buttermilk, kefir, etc.) were in the maintenance stages (31.2%) and who consume milk fortified with vitamin D were in the contemplation stage (37.3%). The mean score of the participants in the subscales of attitude, behavioral control, and subjective norm was 17.69 ± 3.05, 16.83 ± 2.88, 21.73 ± 4.33, respectively. The mean score of the attitude and subjective norm regarding the consumption of all drinks had a significant relation with the stages of change model (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that the most drinks that female employees consumed regularly were probiotic drinks, while they did not intend to use functional juices (pre-contemplation stage). Therefore, it seems that this theory can be used as a framework in designing educational programs in order to increase the consumption of functional foods and improve women's health.

Effect of sexual health education on sexual function and satisfaction of menopausal migrant women: an application of the theory of planned behavior

OBJECTIVES

This study investigated the effect of an intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on sexual function and satisfaction of migrant women during menopause in Iran.

METHODS

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 88 migrant and menopausal women in Iran. Sampling was performed using the multistage methods in four health care centers. The educational program based on the theory of planned behavior was held in 4 sessions of 90 min for 4 weeks in the intervention group. The final evaluation of the intervention was performed immediately, and the follow-up stage (3 months after the intervention) by completing questionnaires in two groups. The data was analyzed with SPSS 20 software with statistical tests of mean and standard deviation, Manwitney, Frideman, Generalized Estimating Equations.

RESULTS

The results showed that after the intervention, the mean score of sexual function in the intervention group increased from 16.53 ± 2.68 before to 17.52 ± 2.90 immediately and 17.38 ± 2.81 in follow up stage (p < 0.05). But in the control group, this score was not statistically significant during the study stages (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that the intervention based on the theory of planned behavior is effective in sexual function and satisfaction with the married life of migrant women during menopause. but to change the sexual function, studies with a longer duration and also the use of other educational models are suggested.

Examining customer intentions to purchase intelligent robotic products and services in Taiwan using the theory of planned behaviour

BACKGROUND

The literature for assessing online and offline shopping behaviours that are linked to intelligent robotic goods and services is inadequate. In this study, we applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour model for guidance regarding how consumer behaviour affects their purchase intentions for intelligent robotic goods and services.

METHODS

Data from 408 respondents were gathered through an online questionnaire binned into Online and Overall Shoppers, and analysed using SPSS, AMOS, and Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling software to evaluate the appropriateness of the measurements and to confirm data reliability, convergence, divergence, and validity. These tools were also used to track and test hypothesized relationships between the variables and model constructs used in this study.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The overarching outcomes from the data analyses indicated the Ease of Usage, Brand Perception, and Product Pricing variables causally impacted the TPB model constructs, namely Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behaviour Control for the two populations tested with respect to their intention to purchase intelligent robotic goods and services. The reliability measurements for Ease of Usage, Brand Perception, and Product Pricing are discussed. The results are important for companies and future investors because opportunities to study the complex relationships that ultimately drive consumer behaviour and their intention to purchase intelligent robotic goods and services are provided.

Indigenous language learning in higher education in Ghana: Exploring students' behavioral intentions using an extended theory of planned behavior

This study investigated the predictors of indigenous language learning from an empirical and theoretical perspective. A quantitative approach was employed to explore the issue using an extended version of Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior that incorporates linguistic insecurity in measuring students' language learning intentions. A total of 180 first-year undergraduate students in the Department of Arts Education and the Department of Ghanaian Languages and Linguistics participated in the study. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), measurement and structural models were evaluated. The results indicated that students' attitudes (behavioral beliefs), subjective norms, language learning efficacy, and students' sense of linguistic insecurity significantly predicted their intentions to study indigenous languages. The exogenous variables accounted for 47.8% of the variance in students' intentions to study indigenous languages in higher education. The strongest predictor of intention was subjective norms (β = 0.399; p<0.01), followed by students' sense of linguistic insecurity (β = -0.254; p<0.01), perceived language learning efficacy (β = 0.169; p = 0.013), and language attitude (β = 0.144; p = 0.045). These results underscore the need for concerned stakeholders to foster positive attitudes and address linguistic insecurity to enhance learners' development of positive behavioral intentions toward indigenous language learning.

Using the theory of planned behavior to predict parents' disclosure of donor conception to their children: a longitudinal study

STUDY QUESTION

Can the application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) help predict heterosexual parents' disclosure of donor conception to their children?

SUMMARY ANSWER

Parents with a stronger will to act in accordance with social norms favoring disclosure were more likely to start the disclosure process within the next 5-9 years.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY

In contrast to single mothers by choice and same-sex couples, heterosexual couples need to make an active decision to disclose their use of donor conception to their child. While disclosure at an early age is encouraged by international guidelines, many heterosexual-couple parents struggle with this. A previous study has found an association between parental scores of TPB factors and disclosure intention, but so far, no study has applied the TPB to predict parents' disclosure behavior.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION

The present study is based on the fourth and fifth waves of data collection (T4 and T5) in a nation-wide longitudinal study. Participating parents had conceived through identity-release oocyte donation (n = 68, response rate 65%) and sperm donation (n = 62, response rate 56%) as part of a heterosexual couple.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS

The present study is part of the prospective longitudinal Swedish Study on Gamete Donation (SSGD). Consecutive recruitment of couples starting oocyte or sperm donation treatment was conducted at all seven fertility clinics providing gamete donation in Sweden during a 3-year period (2005-2008). Participants were requested to complete postal surveys at five time points. The present study includes heterosexual-couple parents following oocyte or sperm donation who participated at the two latest time points when their children were 7-8 years old (T4), and 13-17 years old (T5). At T4, participants completed the study-specific TPB Disclosure Questionnaire (TPB-DQ) measuring attitudes and intentions to disclose the donor conception to the child, and disclosure behavior was assessed at both T4 and T5. Data from those participants who had not yet disclosed at T4 were analyzed using survival analysis with Cox regressions.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE

Forty participants had not disclosed the donor conception to their children at T4 and, out of these, 13 had still not disclosed at T5. We found a significant association between scores of the TPB factor Subjective norms at T4 and their subsequent disclosure behavior at T5 (HR = 2.019; 95% CI: 1.36-3.01). None of the other factors were significantly associated with disclosure behavior.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION

The present study concerns heterosexual-couple parents with children conceived following treatment with gametes from open-identity donors, which limits the generalizability of our findings to other groups and contexts. Other limitations include the risk of systematic attrition due to the longitudinal study design and decreased statistical power due to few participants.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS

Our findings highlight the importance of perceived subjective norms for parents' disclosure behavior and indicate that the co-parent's opinion about disclosure is of particular relevance in this regard. Counselors should focus on supporting prospective parents to initiate and maintain a healthy and open dialogue about concerns around building a family with donor conception.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)

The study was funded by the Swedish Research Council. The authors have no competing interests to declare.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

N/A.

Parent Intention to Participate in an Online Intervention to Enhance Health Behavior Change Among Youth Treated with Psychotropic Medication Who are Overweight or Obese: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Youth with mental health disorders (MHD), particularly those who take psychotropic medications, are at increased risk of being overweight or obese (OW/OB) when compared to typical youth. Parents are important resources for interventions addressing OW/OB. However, parents of youth with MHD may face challenges that require interventions designed to address their needs. Prior to investing research funding in the development of interventions for this group, research is needed to understand factors associated with parents' decisions to enroll in these programs. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) provided a framework for examining parents' salient beliefs, direct attitudes, and intention to enroll in a hypothetical online healthy lifestyle intervention for their youth (ages 11-17) with OW/OB and treated with psychotropic medication. Parents who were enrolled in the study (n = 84) completed demographic questionnaires and a TPB questionnaire which was constructed for this study. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the direct attitude (i.e., attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) questions generally supported the three-factor model (i.e., RMSEA = .07, 90% CI .03-.11, p = .18; CFI = .96, SRMR = .06). Results from a multiple regression analysis demonstrated that direct attitudes predicted parent intention to participate in an online healthy lifestyle intervention for this sample of youth accounting for 84% of variance. In this preliminary study, the TPB appears to be a promising framework for understanding direct attitudes associated with parent intentions toward intervention participation in this population of youth. Interventions for parents of youth with OW/OB who are prescribed psychotropic medication should consider addressing these direct attitudes to improve intention.

Increasing Uptake of Prescription Drug Take-Back Boxes: Eliciting Preferences and Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Use

This study assesses adults' perceptions of and predictors of intention to use prescription drug take-back boxes. This mixed methods study utilized focus groups and an online survey to examine factors related to intention to use a prescription drug take-back box. This study was conducted in [State] during the spring and summer of 2018. Themes identified in focus group data included the importance of take-back box location, benefits of take-back box use (such as reducing opportunities for medication misuse), and barriers to take-back box use (such as lack of awareness, stigma associated with law enforcement). Survey results indicate that pharmacies are the most preferred take-back box location and that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are statistically significant predictors of intention to use a take-back box. Results suggest that individuals are open to using take-back boxes in secure, convenient locations, but many are unaware of take-back boxes as an option for safe disposal. These findings have implications for health communication and policy efforts designed to increase the use of take-back boxes for prescription drug disposal.

Patient beliefs associated with medication hesitancy in palliative care: A systematic review using the theory of planned behavior

CONTEXT

The demand of palliative care is increasing due to the aging population and treatment hesitancy or intentional avoidance compromises symptom management.

OBJECTIVES

To identify patient beliefs associated with medication hesitancy by using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) namely, attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and perceived behavioral control associated with medication hesitancy or intentional noncompliance by avoidance.

METHODS

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline was followed to conduct a systematic literature search involving the CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases from inception until March 2022. Hand-searched articles from reference lists and gray literature were included. Thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data and triangulated with quantitative data.

RESULTS

About 554 articles were retrieved from the literature search and 17 articles were included based on the eligibility criteria. Three subthemes that were identified under TPB constructs were attitude: negative attitude toward medications, passive attitude toward illness and inaccurate information about disease or medication; one subtheme was identified under subjective norms: perceived negative opinions from others; and one subtheme was identified under perceived behavioral control: perception of manageable symptoms. Quantitative data provided triangulation of qualitative findings related to fear of addiction and side effects, feelings of hopelessness, unclear direction and information, social stigma, endurable symptoms, and illness as determinants for medication avoidance.

SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS

This systematic review highlighted some patient beliefs related to medication hesitancy or avoidance. Clinicians should take patient beliefs and concerns into consideration when creating treatment regimens for people receiving palliative care to optimize medication adherence and the quality of care.

Protecting children from COVID-19: examining U.S. parents motivation and behaviour using an integrated model of self-determination theory and the theory of planned behaviour

OBJECTIVES

This longitudinal study applied the integrated model of self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to explain COVID-19 preventive behaviours among parents of young children in the United States.

DESIGN

The study adopted a two-wave longitudinal study design. Parents (N = 681) completed self-report questionnaires related to measures of SDT and the TPB constructs and behavioural adherence at baseline and after one month. We used standardised residual change scores to test the structural relationships of the integrated model.

RESULTS

The parameter estimates of the model (CFI > .96, TLI > .86, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .03) fit acceptably well to the data. Psychological need support was positively and significantly linked to autonomous and controlled motivation and amotivation. Autonomous motivation was positively and significantly correlated with TPB factors, and intention. Intention was a significant and positive predictor of behavioural adherence.

CONCLUSION

The integrated model of SDT and the TPB appeared to be applicable to the explanation of COVID-19 prevention among the U.S. parents. Longitudinal data showed that a psychological need supportive social environment was related to favourable motivation, social cognition beliefs, intention and behavioural adherence to the preventive behaviours of parents protecting their young children from COVID-19.

Knowledge level and constructs of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to the practice of unsafe abortion among postnatal mothers attending Mkonze health center, Dodoma Region, Tanzania

BACKGROUND

Unsafe abortion is now a global agenda because 45% of all global abortions are unsafe, and 97% are occurring in developing countries. In Tanzania, one million reproductive-aged women face unplanned pregnancies per year, and 39% end up with abortion. About 16% of maternal deaths are reported per year in Tanzania, and unsafe abortion takes the second position. There are several efforts to prevent and intervene unsafe abortions, such as equipping healthcare facilities across all levels of healthcare, approval of Misoprostol use, establishment of comprehensive post-abortion care (PAC), revising policy guidelines and standards, provision of emergency contraceptives, and capacity building of healthcare providers. There is little documentation about how the constructs of the theory of planned behaviour, knowledge, and sociodemographics influence the practice of abortion.

OBJECTIVES

To assess the association of knowledge level, sociodemographic characteristics, and constructs of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to the practice of unsafe abortion among postnatal mothers at Mkonze Health Center in the Dodoma region.

METHODOLOGY

It is an analytical cross-sectional study design conducted in Dodoma-Tanzania and involved 206 postnatal women. A validated questionnaire was used and analysis was performed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), through descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS

The practice of unsafe abortion in the current study is 28/206 (13.6%), influenced bytheir lower educational level and being single women. It was found that the majority had adequate knowledge of unsafe abortion 129 (62.6%), positive attitude 130 (63.1%), good subjective norms 113 (54.9%), and positive perceived behavioral control111 (53.9%). Knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were not significantly associated with the practice of unsafe abortion.

CONCLUSION

The majority of the respondents had high knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control on unsafe abortion. This is an indicator that the implemented initiatives are effective. Maintaining the ongoing effort and improving strategies are promising to mitigate the burden of unsafe abortion. Future research needs to find out hidden factors associated with attitude and how health beliefs might influence someone's attitude towards unsafe abortion.

Effectiveness of two educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior on oral cancer self-examination in adults: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is recognized as an effective theory for behavior change. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of two TPB-based educational interventions on oral self-examination (OSE) behavior and the related TPB constructs among adults in Tehran, Iran, in 2022.

METHODS

This randomized controlled trial involved 400 healthy individuals recruited from 20 urban comprehensive health centers in the southern part of Tehran, Iran. The health centers were randomly assigned to two control (PowerPoint) and intervention (WhatsApp) groups (200 individuals in each group). In the control group (the recipient of the routine care), participants received a 20-minute lecture through a PowerPoint presentation and a pamphlet. In the intervention group (the recipient of an additional intervention alongside the routine care), participants were educated through messages and images on WhatsApp along with having monthly group discussions. Data was collected at baseline, as well as at 1- and 3-month follow-ups using a structured questionnaire. The outcomes assessed included OSE behavior and the related TPB constructs: intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Linear and logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression models were used to evaluate the impact of the interventions with STATA version 17.

RESULTS

Of the total participants, 151 (37.75%) were men. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of ages in the PowerPoint and WhatsApp groups were 39.89 ± 13.72 and 39.45 ± 13.90, respectively. OSE and the related TPB constructs showed significant differences between the groups at the 1-month post-intervention assessment. The effect of PowerPoint was more significant in the short-term (one month), while both methods showed similar effectiveness after three months, specifically in relation to OSE and the TPB constructs. At the 3-month post-intervention assessment, there were significant increases in OSE (OR = 28.63), intention (β = 1.47), attitude (β = 0.66), subjective norm (β = 2.82), and perceived behavioral control (β = 1.19) in both groups (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The present study provides evidence of the effectiveness of both educational interventions in improving OSE and the TPB constructs after three months. Therefore, both TPB-based educational methods can be recommended for designing and implementing interventions aimed at preventing oral cancer.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The trial protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) on 04/03/2022 (registration number: IRCT20220221054086N1).

Comparative effect of physical health training and psychological training of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) model on the life quality of patients with diabetes in Tehran, Iran: utilization of message texting

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Providing physical health and mental health training promotion is necessary for a sustainable change in attitude and lifestyle of diabetic patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of physical health training and psychological training of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) model on the life quality of patients with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

This experimental study was conducted in 2022 with two intervention groups and one control group consisting of 129 patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Over the course of one month, each individual in intervention group 1 received 15 text messages focusing on physical health, while intervention group 2 received 15 psychological text messages related to the TRA. The control group did not receive any text messages during this period. The data collection tool used was the "Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL)" questionnaire, which was completed by the participants before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software at a statistical significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS

In the intervention-1 group, the average life quality score was 8.51 units (P < 0.001), while in the intervention-2 group, it was 19.25 units (P < 0.001) higher than the control group. The psychological training group had a 17.62 units (P < 0.05) lower average fasting blood sugar (FBS) and a 10.74 units (P < 0.001) higher average quality of life compared to the physical training group.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of psychological training of the TRA model in improving life quality and reducing FBS in patients with diabetes is greater than physical health training. It is suggested that policy makers and health managers base future plans on physical health promotion training along with TRA model mental health training for the development of education in patients with diabetes. Specialists and healthcare workers can also act to improve personal health characteristics, especially those related to reducing FBS and increasing the quality of life of patients with diabetes, by using training through mobile phone text messages, particularly with psychological content TRA based.

Towards determining perceived audience intent for multimodal social media posts using the theory of reasoned action

Increasing use of social media has resulted in many detrimental effects in youth. With very little control over multimodal content consumed on these platforms and the false narratives conveyed by these multimodal social media postings, such platforms often impact the mental well-being of the users. To reduce these negative effects of multimodal social media content, an important step is to understand creators' intent behind sharing content and to educate their social network of this intent. Towards this goal, we propose INTENT-O-METER, a perceived human intent prediction model for multimodal (image and text) social media posts. INTENT-O-METER models ideas from psychology and cognitive modeling literature, in addition to using the visual and textual features for an improved perceived intent prediction model. INTENT-O-METER leverages Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) factoring in (i) the creator's attitude towards sharing a post, and (ii) the social norm or perception towards the multimodal post in determining the creator's intention. We also introduce INTENTGRAM, a dataset of 55K social media posts scraped from public Instagram profiles. We compare INTENT-O-METER with state-of-the-art intent prediction approaches on four perceived intent prediction datasets, Intentonomy, MDID, MET-Meme, and INTENTGRAM. We observe that leveraging TRA in addition to visual and textual features-as opposed to using only the latter-results in improved prediction accuracy by up to 7.5 % in Top-1 accuracy and 8 % in AUC on INTENTGRAM. In summary, we also develop a web browser application mimicking a popular social media platform and show users social media content overlaid with these intent labels. From our analysis, around 70 % users confirmed that tagging posts with intent labels helped them become more aware of the content consumed, and they would be open to experimenting with filtering content based on these labels. However, more extensive user evaluation is required to understand how adding such perceived intent labels mitigate the negative effects of social media.

The factors affecting substance abuse relapse based on theory of planned behavior in male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Southern Iran

BACKGROUND

Given the destructive nature of addiction and its relapse after quitting, the present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting substance abuse relapse based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021-2022. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software through descriptive statistical methods, linear regression, and binary logistic regression.

RESULTS

190 people (47.50%) were aged 31-40 years, 265 people (66.25%) were married, 224 people (56%) lived with their spouses, and 192 people (48 percent) had their first use at the age of 16-20. The substance respondents used were methamphetamine (59.5%), heroin (53%), opium (48%), and alcohol (40%). 138 people (34.5%) had their first place of consumption at friends' houses (Tables 1 and 2). 342 people (85.5%) had a history of relapse, and 172 people (50.29%) had 1-5 relapses. Marital status, occupation, and income were among the demographic risk factors, and addicted friends and close relatives were among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse among people with a history of relapse. Personal desire and the insistence of friends were also among the individual and interpersonal factors of drug use among participants. The regression results showed that the constructs of awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were predictors of drug relapse among addicts (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The current study's findings indicate that among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse in individuals with a history of relapse are addicted friends and close relatives, while marital status, occupation, and income are among the demographic risk variables. Among the individual and interpersonal factors influencing drug usage among participants were personal desire and friends' insistence. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the TPB's structures might be used to predict drug relapse in addicts.

Explaining citizens' plastic reduction behavior with an extended theory of planned behavior model: An empirical study in Switzerland

The growing volume of plastic waste resulting from human activities is suffocating our planet. To combat this escalating issue, this study delves into the formation of plastic reduction behavior among Swiss citizens using an extended theory of planned behavior model. Through an online survey, the study obtained 149 valid responses, which were analyzed using partial least squares-based structural equation modeling. The results indicate a significant and strong relationship between plastic risk perception and attitudes towards plastic reduction and environmental protection. Notably, the cognitive dimension (β = 0.802, p = 0.000) of plastic risk perception exhibits a tighter and stronger association with attitude compared to the emotional dimension (β = 0.406, p = 0.000). Among the three variables in the theory of planned behavior model, perceived behavioral control (β = 0.384, p = 0.000) emerges as the strongest determinant of behavioral willingness for plastic reduction. It is followed by attitude (β = 0.214, p = 0.030). However, no significant relationship is observed between subjective norm and behavioral willingness for plastic reduction (β = 0.07, p = 0.292). Finally, attitude fully mediates the relationship between plastic risk perception and behavioral willingness for plastic reduction. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Investigating COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Intention Using an Integrated Model of Protection Motivation Theory and an Extended Version of the Theory of Planned Behavior

As global governments continue to inoculate populations in the aftermath of the SARS-CoV-19 epidemic, health protection and related problems such as vaccination reluctance have sparked conflicting emotions and discourses. Stakeholder concerns about vaccination promotion have arisen in this context. Consequently, this research investigates vaccination uptake behavior using an integrated framework that includes protective motivation theory and an extended version of the theory of planned behavior. Except for perceived severity, empirical study results based on the structural equation modeling technique demonstrated a positive relationship between PMT factors (i.e. perceived vulnerability, reaction efficacy, self-efficacy, and cost response) and intention to vaccinate. TPB factors (attitude, perceived behavior control, subjective norm, personal moral norm, and descriptive norm) were also found to have a positive connection with intention. The model's utility and suitability are indicated by the predictive and explanatory potency score (R2 = .415). Study implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake promotion and ideas for future investigations are explored in light of our findings.

Examination of Predicting Factors for COVID-19 Vaccination Behaviors of University Students Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior

PURPOSE

This study aimed to examine the predictive factors of COVID-19 vaccination behavior by evaluating the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the theory of planned behavior.

METHODS

Data were collected from August 6 to August 31, 2022 from 235 college students (aged 20~29 years) across 12 universities using a structured web-based survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS and AMOS software.

RESULTS

Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination, subjective norms, and intention to be vaccinated significantly influenced COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Attitudes and subjective norms indirectly affected COVID-19 vaccination behavior through intention to vaccinate, whereas intention to vaccinate had a direct effect. The moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the relationship between subjective norms and intention to vaccinate was significant.

CONCLUSION

Interventions that foster a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination and bolster subjective norms and perceived behavioral control can boost the intention to be vaccinated and facilitate the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination.

Mental health attitudes, norms, beliefs, and experiences with care among young Black men: A theory of planned behavior assessment

OBJECTIVE

Young Black/African American men (YBM) are at greater risk for trauma and related mental health concerns compared to young non-Hispanic White men but are less likely to receive mental health care when needed. The current study used a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)-guided framework to qualitatively explore beliefs, norms, and intentions related to seeking mental health screening and linkage to care (LTC) among YBM exposed to trauma.

METHOD

Participants (N = 55, Mage = 23 years) were YBM aged 18-30 recruited from urban community settings in Kansas City, MO, between October 2018 and April 2019 for participation in focus groups.

RESULTS

Participants discussed lived experiences with trauma and mental health care, plus salient behavioral beliefs-both positive and negative. Key normative referents were significant others and family members, and participants endorsed greater motivation to seek care with their support. Control beliefs ranged from individual and interpersonal facilitators and barriers to more systemic factors (e.g., availability of providers, cost, lack of access, disparities in incarceration).

CONCLUSIONS

Tailored interventions are needed to promote engagement in mental health services among YBM, with strategies that recognize cultural contexts and ongoing needs for general well-being. Recommendations for providers and systems are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Prediction of rear-seat belt use: Application of extended theory of planned behavior

OBJECTIVES

Rear-seat belts have been shown to significantly reduce the severity of road vehicle collisions and fatalities. However, their use by rear-seat passengers is significantly less than that by front-seat passengers. Thus, the psychological factors underlying individuals' decision to wear a seat belt in the rear seat require further investigation.

METHODS

An extended theory of planned behavior (eTPB) was used to examine individuals' behavior of wearing a rear-seat belt. An online survey was conducted and a total of 515 valid questionnaires were collected in China.

RESULTS

While attitude, descriptive norms, and law enforcement all have a significant effect on individuals' intention to wear a seat belt in the rear, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control do not. Individuals' attitudes toward wearing a seat belt in the rear seat are significantly influenced by law enforcement and behavioral intention, but not by perceived behavioral control. The mediation effect analysis reveals that law enforcement has the greatest overall effect on behavior, followed by attitude and descriptive norms.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this paper contribute to more effective recommendations to improve the use of rear seat belts and to safeguard rear seat passengers.

Understanding the intention and behavior of psychological help-seeking among Chinese college students using theory of planned behavior: a three-month follow-up study

Underutilization of mental health services is common and associated with substantial suffering, mental disorders and death. The present study aimed to explore factors significantly affecting the professional psychological help-seeking behavior based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A sample of 597 Chinese college students recruited online completed the questionnaires, which measured four constructs of TPB including help-seeking intention, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control in December 2020. Help-seeking behaviors were evaluated three months later in March 2021. A two-step structural equation modeling procedure was used to test the TPB model. Findings show that partially consistent with TPB, more positive attitudes about seeking professional help (Β = .258, p = .001) and higher perceived behavioral control (Β = .504, p < .001) directly predicted higher intention to seek mental health services, and perceived behavioral control (Β = .230, p = .006) directly predicted help-seeking behavior. However, behavioral intention (Β = -.017, p = .830) did not statistically significantly predict help-seeking behavior, while subjective norm (Β = .047, p = .356) did not predict help-seeking intention as well. The model accounted for 49.9% of the variance modeling help-seeking intention and 12.4% of the variance modeling help-seeking behavior. The results revealed the importance of attitude and perceived behavioral control in predicting help-seeking intention and behavior among Chinese college students and indicated that there existed a gap between intention and actual help-seeking behavior.

Understanding the Associations Between Adolescents' Exposure to E-Cigarette Information and Vaping Behavior Through the Theory of Planned Behavior

Adolescents have actively looked for and passively scanned information about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) from a variety of media and interpersonal sources. Despite the evidence that exposure to e-cigarette information is associated with youth's increased vaping intention, there is a paucity of scholarship that differentiates the sources where adolescents obtain e-cigarette information in their investigation, which limits our understanding of the unique association between vaping intention and e-cigarette information acquisition from specific sources. In addition, few studies have systematically examined the mechanism of the aforementioned associations. To fill the gap, an online national survey on a panel of adolescents between 13 to 17 years old was conducted. After controlling for potential confounders, several significant indirect effects were observed. Specifically, adolescents' vaping intention was negatively associated with e-cigarette information seeking from health professionals but positively with e-cigarette information exposure from family and friends, outdoors advertisements, social media, and other online channels, with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs mediating these relationships. The findings not only contribute to the body of scholarship on TPB but also provide important suggestions for regulating outdoor and online e-cigarette information and designing persuasive interventions and campaigns.

Student intentions to engage instructors in mental health-related conversations: An application of the theory of planned behavior

OBJECTIVE

Considering that college students experience mental health issues and college counseling centers are overwhelmed, this study identifies instructors as a potential mental health resource for students. This study utilizes the theory of planned behavior to investigate the relationship between students' attitudes, injunctive and descriptive norms, perceived behavioral control, and their intentions to engage their instructors in mental health conversations.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants were 311 undergraduate students at a small, private university in Southern California.

METHODS

Participants were recruited through a Communication subject pool and completed an online survey about engaging instructors in these conversations.

RESULTS

Results of a regression analysis indicate that all theoretical constructs positively predict students' intentions to discuss mental health with an instructor.

CONCLUSIONS

By providing insight into students' intentions to utilize instructors as mental health resources on campus, these findings yield practical implications for better preparing universities and their faculty to engage in students' mental health.