Isolation and identification of a turkey respiratory adenovirus

A virus with physical and biological characteristics of an adenovirus was isolated from turkey poults with respiratory disease. The virus was ether-resistant and incorporated [3H] thymidine. Electron microscopy revealed virions of icosahedral configuration, approximately 78 nm in diameter, within the nuclei of infected cells. The virus produced cytopathology in turkey kidney cells, but did not produce observable disease when inoculated into commercial turkey poults or specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. Virus-neutralization tests indicated widespread exposure to the virus in North Carolina turkey populations.

Isolation of a subgroup two adenovirus from calf with weak calf syndrome

A viral agent, designated Id-1, was isolated from the buffy coat of a calf suffering from weak calf syndrome. The virus replicated on bovine salivary gland cells and caused cytopathic effect within four days after infection-Cytopathic effect was characterized by rounding and clumping of cells. Stained preparations of infected monolayers revealed multiple intranuclear inclusions. The agent was found to be resistant to chloroform, ether, trypsin, sodium desoxycholate, oxytetracycline and a pH range of three to nine. The virus was sensitive to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and to a temperature of 70 degrees C. Cross neutralization tests with Id-1 antiserum and bovine adenovirus type 7 (strain Fujuroi) antiserum resulted in complete neutralilation of both viruses with four or less antibody units of homologous or heterologous antiserum.

Infection of newborn Taiwan monkeys (Macaca cyclopis) with human adenovirus type 12 and simian virus 40

For testing biological response of newborn Taiwan monkeys to infection of human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) and simian virus 40 (SV40), 40 newborn Taiwan monkeys were inoculated with Ad12, Ad12, plus SV40, Ad12 supplemented with Ad12-induced hamster tumor tissue (Ad12 tumor) or control specimens (HeLa or African green monkey kidney cell lysate). Among them 26 survived including 8 newborn monkeys inoculated with control specimens. The survivors were observed for 4 years but no tumor was produced. The increase of body weight and intake of calories and protein in each test group during the first 12 wk were similar to those of corresponding control groups. Intrapulmonary inoculation of 108.2TCD50 of Ad12 with additional subcutaneous dose of Ad12 (108.8TCD50), Ad12 plus SV40 (108TCD50) or Ad12 plus Ad12 tumor killed 78% of newborn monkeys (7 of 9) in 18 days. The newborn could stand subcutaneous inoculation of SV40 (108TCD50) with 1 dose of Ad12 (108.8TCD50) or 3 doses of Ad12 (108.5, 108.5 and 108.2TCD50) at 24-hr intervals. When 108.8TCD50 or more Ad12 were inoculated, the virus could be isolated as late as 44 and 26 days from rectal and throat swab specimens respectively. The Ad12 neutralizing antibody in baby monkeys inoculated with multiple doses of Ad12 persisted, in low titer, longer than those injected with single high doses of Ad12, but anti-Ad12 T (tumor) antibody disappeared by 35 wk in both groups. Although SV40 antibody response was better than Ad12 antibody response in baby Taiwan monkeys, pre-infection of SV40 did not potentiate the production of anti-Ad12 T antibody.

Adenovirus respiratory infection in turkey poults

A virus from turkey poults with respiratory signs was isolated in specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs and subsequently adapted to chicken embryo fibroblast and turkey kidney cell cultures, where round cell formation was observed. The cloned virus was ether-resistant and incorporated tridiated thymidine. Intra-nuclear icosahedral virus particles of 80 nm were detected. These physicochemical characteristics place this isolant into the adenovirus group of viruses. The disease was experimentally reproduced by intratracheal inoculation of one-day-old turkey poults. Snicking occurred in 100% of the birds and mortality reached 50%. CELO (Phelps strain) antiserum neutralized uncloned and cloned CUA-2 in chicken embryos and uncloned virus in chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures. Quail bronchitis virus antiserum neutralized cloned CUA-2 in TK cells. Agar-gel precipitin lines of identity were formed using CELO antiserum and postinoculation sera from experimentally infected turkeys. Serologically, this virus should be classified as a type-1 adenovirus.

Lesions and pathogenesis of disease in young calves experimentally induced by a bovine adenovirus type 5 isolated from a calf with weak calf syndrome

Lesions induced in each of 9 young colostrum-deprived calves closely resembled lesions seen in naturally occurring "weak calf syndrome" of eastern Idaho and southwestern Montana. The disease was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of bovine adenovirus type 5 that had been isolated from a calf with weak calf syndrome...

Adenoviral pneumonia in a foal

A three-week-old Arabian filly was admitted to the Large Animal Hospital with a respiratory disorder and died despite symptomatic treatment. The necropsy lesions were suggestive of viral pneumonia. An equine adenovirus were isolated from nasal and pharyngeal swabs and from several tissues after death. Typical adenovirus virions were demonstrated by electron microscopy.

Adeno-associated virus in adenovirus type 3 conjunctivitis

Although human infection with adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) has been demonstrated, there is no evidence that disease results from such infections. The proportion of adenovirus infections which are dual infections with AAV is virtually unknown, since special methods are required to demonstrate infection with AAV. To search for AAV, we re-examined a collection of specimens from 40 persons involved in an epidemic of pharyngoconjunctival fever associated with a swimming pool. Virological and serological studies indicated that the etiological agent was adenovirus type 3. When the 91 original eye, throat, and fecal specimens were re-examined, using methods suitable for detection of adenovirus and AAV, 37 strains of adenovirus type 3 and 35 strains of AAV type 3 (AAV3) were isolated. Surprisingly, 19 AAV3 but only 11 adenovirus isolates were found in eye specimens, whereas adenovirus isolates were equally distributed in all types of specimens. Four AAV3 strains were isolated from adults. Significant (fourfold or greater) rises in AAV3 complement-fixing antibody titers were seen in six of 14 persons shedding AAV3, whereas nine of 10 persons shedding adenovirus type 3 showed significant rises in adenovirus complement-fixing antibody. These results raise the question whether AAV persists better in eyes than adenovirus or that a possible association with conjunctivitis might be present. In contrast to the results in the specimens from the swimming pool epidemic, only one of 36 adenovirus strains isolated in other Seattle-based studies yielded AAV. Complement fixation tests on serial sets of sera collected from 60 children not involved in the swimming pool episode revealed nine AAV2 and 12 AAV3 infections during a 4-year period.

Isolation and characterization of an adenovirus and isolation of its adenovirus-associated virus in cell culture from foals with respiratory tract disease

An adenovirus was isolated from a foal with respiratory tract disease. The virus produced cytopathic effects (CPE) in equine embryo kidney (EEK) cell culture, contained deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), was resistant to chloroform and pH 3, and was moderately resistant to heat. The virus caused hemagglutination of human (type O) erythrocytes. Viral density was 1.34 g/cm,3 and diameter was 75 nm. An adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) isolated from the infected cell culture was 22 nm in diameter. These viruses are classified as equine adenovirus and equine AAV.

Epidemic viral enteritis in a long-stay children's ward

Two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred in 1974 in a long-stay children's ward. Electron microscopy demonstrated rotaviruses in faeces from the affected children in the first outbreak, and adenoviruses in faeces from affected children and a nurse in the second outbreak. The illness in both outbreaks was very mild; but the diarrhoea associated with rotavirus infection usually lasted 5-8 days (in one patient it lasted for 28 days) and sometimes started with vomiting; whereas the adenovirus-associated diarrhoea lasted only 2-4 days and was not associated with vomiting. Neither the rotaviruses nor the adenoviruses could be established in tissue-culture.

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus type 19

A new type of epidemic kerotoconjunctivitis, caused by adenovirus type 19, is currently present in this country. It can be spread by tonometry, but in this report, appeared to be more likely to be spread by finger to eye contact.