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Tong CY, Bakran A, Williams H, Cheung CY, Peiris JS. Association of human herpesvirus 7 with cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2000; 70:213-6. [PMID: 10919606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have linked human herpesviruses 6 (HHV-6) and 7 (HHV-7) with posttransplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. METHODS Thirty-seven renal transplant recipients were monitored weekly for CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7 DNA and serological responses for 12 weeks after transplantation. Plasma CMV load and the occurrence of CMV disease was related to HHV-6 and -7 detection. RESULTS CMV disease was identified in 12 patients. In a logistic regression analysis, factors significantly associated with CMV disease were the detection of HHV-7 DNA in peripheral blood leucocytes and donorrecipient CMV serostatus. Patients with detectable HHV-7 DNA had significantly higher peak plasma CMV loads (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS An association was found between HHV-7, but not HHV-6, DNA detection and CMV disease, suggesting a possible role of HHV-7 in its pathogenesis.
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Tall R, Brettle R, Wilson A, Andrews J, Williams H, Leen C, Cepeda H. P33 Antiretroviral therapy in the HIV/HCV co-infected patient. HIV Med 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1293.2000.00024-113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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278
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Senior M, Williams H, Higgs G. Urban-rural mortality differentials: controlling for material deprivation. Soc Sci Med 2000; 51:289-305. [PMID: 10832575 DOI: 10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between premature mortality and material deprivation, and the differences in this relationship between urban and rural areas. We examine, given comparable measures of affluence or deprivation, whether residual differences exist between urban and rural areas for all-causes of death and, separately, for cancers, circulatory and respiratory diseases. Using 1990-92 mortality data for the 908 wards of Wales we apply statistical analyses based on tabular data and parametric Poisson regression models. Contrasts are sought between six urban and rural categories defined in terms of settlement sizes and the employment structure of rural areas. Inequalities in all-cause premature mortality are widest in the cities, narrowest in the deeper rural areas, and of intermediate and comparable value in other areas of Wales. This is largely a reflection of the different distributions of material deprivation in these areas. After controlling for differences in socio-economic characteristics, using deprivation measures, the tendency for lower mortality in deeper rural areas is substantially reduced. Residual mortality differences between urban and rural areas are shown to be dependent on the way deprivation is measured and the disease group under study. For cancers there are no residual mortality differences, while for respiratory and circulatory diseases some of the residual variation can be accounted for by employment variables, particularly previous employment in the coal mining industry.
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Culver G, Fallon K, Londner RB, Montalvo N, Vila B, Ramsey BJ, Ramsey CS, Trebaol G, Houle L, Williams A, Williams H, Wolding T. Informed decisions for extremely low-birth-weight infants. JAMA 2000; 283:3201-2. [PMID: 10866861 DOI: 10.1001/jama.283.24.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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280
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Charman C, Williams H. Outcome measures of disease severity in atopic eczema. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 2000; 136:763-9. [PMID: 10871941 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.136.6.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An essential component of evidence-based medicine is the use of valid and reliable outcome measures in clinical trials. There is much confusion in the field of atopic eczema regarding how to best measure disease severity objectively. OBJECTIVE To establish the extent to which existing objective clinical scales for atopic eczema have been tested for validity, reliability, sensitivity to change, and acceptability. DESIGN An electronic bibliographic search was performed for published data on all currently available named atopic eczema scales. RESULTS Thirteen scales were identified in total. Data on construct or criterion validity were available for 10 scales. Only 5 scales had been tested for reliability (interobserver variability, intraobserver variability, or internal consistency). Data on responsiveness to change were available for 8 scales. An estimated time to administer the measure had been given for 3 scales. The only severity scale for which published data could be found on validity, reliability, sensitivity, and acceptability testing was the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis index, although problems occurred with interobserver variation of the index. CONCLUSION The rapidly increasing number of severity scales for atopic eczema, many of which have been inadequately tested, has made the interpretation of patient outcomes confusing, and comparison of results between studies almost impossible. Consensus among clinicians and researchers on the use of severity scales for atopic eczema should be based on evidence of adequate validity), reliability, sensitivity to change, and ease of use.
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281
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Hong MH, Williams H, Jin CH, Pike JW. The inhibitory effect of interleukin-10 on mouse osteoclast formation involves novel tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15:911-8. [PMID: 10804021 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.5.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibits osteoclast (OC) formation in rat and mouse systems. However, little is known concerning the mechanism of this inhibitory effect. Using a coculture system of mouse bone marrow cells and primary osteoblastic cells (POB), we evaluated the potential target cells for IL-10 and components of the IL-10 activating pathway. In the coculture system, IL-10 treatment abolished OC differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect occurred regardless of the stage of cellular proliferation and differentiation, suggesting that IL-10 may act on a variety of genes participating in OC formation. IL-10 specifically abrogated the production of IL-6 by enriched bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMM) but not by osteoblastic cells. IL-10 treatment also stimulated the binding of a protein in the BMM to an IL-10 response element, whereas no such activation was induced in osteoblastic cells. In contrast, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), another inhibitory factor, stimulated tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins to bind to an IL-10 response element in both monocytes and osteoblastic cells. These data suggest that the BMM are the direct target of IL-10 action. Importantly, oligonucleotide-specific precipitation confirmed that IL-10 treatment strongly augmented 88, 85, and 70 kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in BMM. Taken together, these data show that IL-10 inhibits mouse OC formation by acting directly on hemopoietic OC precursor, through a novel signal transduction and activation pathway.
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Vowles R, Loney E, Williams H, Gormley-Fleming E, Kulkarni P, Ryan R. Is paediatric day case tonsillectomy desirable? The parents' perspective. Int J Clin Pract 2000; 54:225-7. [PMID: 10912310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tonsillectomy is the most commonly performed otolaryngological procedure in most units. There is considerable financial pressure to perform paediatric tonsillectomy as a day case. Responding to concern that day case tonsillectomy might not be welcomed by parents or felt to be in the best interests of the patients, we carried out an audit of paediatric tonsillectomy, by means of a questionnaire for parents and nursing staff to complete while 32 consecutive patients underwent tonsillectomy as inpatients. Although eight parents (25%) felt that day surgery should be an option, none of those surveyed felt that on this occasion their child was well enough to be discharged home six hours postoperatively. Furthermore, no child in the audit fulfilled all the essential discharge criteria at six hours. In this area, at least, it appears parents do not uniformly welcome paediatric day case tonsillectomy.
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283
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Deb S, Braganza J, Norton N, Williams H, Kehoe PG, Williams J, Owen MJ. APOE epsilon 4 influences the manifestation of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down's syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 176:468-72. [PMID: 10912224 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.176.5.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies of the relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down's syndrome have revealed inconsistent results. AIMS To assess the role of the APOE gene in the manifestation of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down's syndrome. METHOD We studied the APOE genotypes of 24 adults with dementia and 33 non-demented adults with Down's syndrome over 35 years of age, and an additional group of 164 non-learning disabled adults. We also carried out a meta-analysis of all previously published studies of association between APOE and Down's syndrome, incorporating the current data. RESULTS We observed a non-significant excess of APOE epsilon 4 and a reduction of epsilon 2 in adults with dementia compared with non-demented adults with Down's syndrome in our sample. However, meta-analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of epsilon 4 in adults with dementia compared with non-demented adults with Down's syndrome (odds ratio = 2.02, 95% CI 1.33-3.07, P = 0.001), but no significant reduction in the frequency of epsilon 2. CONCLUSIONS The APOE epsilon 4 allele acts as a risk factor for the age-specific manifestation of Alzheimer's disease in people with Down's syndrome.
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Williams H, Clarke R, Bouras N, Martin J, Holt G. Use of the atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine and Risperidone in adults with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2000; 44 ( Pt 2):164-169. [PMID: 10898380 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2000.00284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to monitor the use of atypical antipsychotics in adults with intellectual disability and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of these drugs. Twenty-one patients were commenced on an atypical antipsychotic: 12 on Olanzapine and nine on Risperidone. The ICD-10 diagnoses of the subjects were mild (13 cases) or moderate (8 cases) mental retardation, and psychiatric disorders (17 cases) with significant impairment of behaviour in 10 cases. Tolerability was good for 15 patients experiencing minimum or no side-effects, and medication was only stopped as a result of side-effects in one case. Clinical global outcome was rated as minimally improved or better for 16 cases. The present findings suggest that the atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine and Risperidone are well tolerated by patients with intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders, and are broadly effective against target symptoms.
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Tong CY, Cuevas LE, Williams H, Bakran A. Prediction and diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients using qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Transplantation 2000; 69:985-91. [PMID: 10755562 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200003150-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preemptive antiviral therapy against cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after transplantation requires information from suitable laboratory markers. We examined the use of qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to monitor renal transplant recipients. METHODS A cohort of 77 renal transplant recipients was monitored using an in-house and a commercial (Amplicor; Roche Diagnostic, Basel, Switzerland) PCR on leukocytes and plasma. Quantitative plasma viral load was determined using a commercial PCR kit (CMV Monitor; Roche Diagnostic). Patients were analyzed according to their pretransplantation CMV serological status (R- or R+). RESULTS Seventeen patients developed CMV disease after transplantation. Qualitative leukocyte PCRs had the best overall sensitivity (54-69%) and specificity (75-87%) in identifying R- recipients with CMV disease before onset. The specificities of qualitative PCRs for R+ recipients were poor and, if used, could result in unnecessary preemptive treatment in up to 50% of patients. Symptomatic and asymptomatic R+, but not R-, recipients could be distinguished using a plasma viral load of 25,000 copies/ml. An increase in viral load of >0.7 log (fivefold) per week also distinguished between symptomatic and asymptomatic R+ recipients with high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95%). CONCLUSIONS Qualitative leukocyte PCRs were the best assays to predict CMV disease for R- recipients who received R+ kidneys. None of the qualitative assays could be used to guide preemptive therapy of R+ recipients, but plasma viral load and its incremental rate could be used as diagnostic tools in R+ recipients.
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286
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Mithwani M, Tong C, Sallam T, Williams H, Broadhead R, Cuevas L. The epidemiology of TT virus in Malawian children. J Infect 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(00)80129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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287
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Tong CY, Cuevas LE, Williams H, Bakran A. Comparison of two commercial methods for measurement of cytomegalovirus load in blood samples after renal transplantation. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1209-13. [PMID: 10699024 PMCID: PMC86379 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.3.1209-1213.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cohort of 77 renal transplant recipients was prospectively studied for comparison of two commercially available cytomegalovirus (CMV) load assays, i.e., the COBAS AMPLICOR CMV Monitor test (Amplicor), using plasma samples, and the Murex Hybrid Capture System (HCS), using whole blood. The manufacturer of the HCS assay changed the version of the test from 1.0 (HCS-1) to 2.0 (HCS-2) after the first 37 patients had been tested. Despite the differences in principle and type of specimen used, the Amplicor and HCS assays gave comparable results. The regression line correlating the HCS-1 assay to the Amplicor assay was similar to that correlating the HCS-2 assay to the Amplicor assay. The HCS results could be converted to Amplicor-equivalent units by using linear-regression equations [log(10) HCS-1 result = 0.49 (log(10) Amplicor result) + 2.58, and log(10) HCS-2 result = 0.61 (log(10) Amplicor result) + 2.18]. The HCS-2 assay appeared to have the lowest detection limit, followed by the Amplicor assay and then the HCS-1 assay. When a sliding scale of cutoff values in Amplicor-equivalent units (>1,000, >2,500, >6,000, >16,000, >40,000, and >100,000 copies/ml) was applied to diagnose CMV disease, similar patterns of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were observed with the Amplicor and HCS assays. A cutoff value of >40,000 copies/ml has a low sensitivity (Amplicor, 29.4%; HCS, 41.2%) but is specific (Amplicor, 96.7%; HCS, 93.3%) and can be used for the differential diagnosis of CMV disease (PPV, 71.4% [Amplicor] or 63. 6% [HCS]; NPV, 82.9% [Amplicor] or 84.8% [HCS]). A lower cutoff value of >1,000 copies/ml improves the sensitivity (Amplicor, 76.5%; HCS, 82.4%) and has a high NPV (Amplicor, 91.8%; HCS, 94.2%) but, due to the low PPV (Amplicor, 46.2%; HCS, 56%), is useful only for exclusion of CMV disease.
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Adetugbo K, Williams H. How well are randomized controlled trials reported in the dermatology literature? ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 2000; 136:381-5. [PMID: 10724201 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.136.3.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the methodological quality of the design and reporting of randomized controlled trials published in one major dermatology specialty journal. DESIGN AND DATA SOURCES In a survey of all published parallel group randomized controlled trials, we found 73 reports with allocation described as randomized from all issues of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology from its inception in 1976 through 1997. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Direct and indirect measures of the adequacy of randomization, trial sample size, baseline comparisons, and intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS Hand searching identified 73 randomized controlled trials, but only 31 of these were found by searching MEDLINE for the publication type clinical trials. Of the 73 randomized controlled trials, 68 contained sufficient information to include in the analysis. Only 1 study (1%) reported the method of random sequence generation, and only 5 studies (7%) reported adequate concealment of allocation. Among 38 trials that used simple randomization, the sample sizes in the comparison groups were identical in 22 occasions, raising the possibility that simple randomization might not have been adequately generated or concealed. Most trials (88%) excluded some randomized participants from their analysis. The median sample size was 23 per trial. Only 1 trial reported sample size and statistical power considerations and had an a priori main hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS Hand searching is important for locating all relevant trials. There is the need for higher methodological quality in clinical trial reporting in dermatology journals. The adoption of the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement and checklist for the reporting of trials should enhance the validity of and strengthen the evidence from clinical trials reports.
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Williams H, Newham S. Playing guess the ointment. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000; 25:167. [PMID: 10836848 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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290
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Carpten JD, Makalowska I, Robbins CM, Scott N, Sood R, Connors TD, Bonner TI, Smith JR, Faruque MU, Stephan DA, Pinkett H, Morgenbesser SD, Su K, Graham C, Gregory SG, Williams H, McDonald L, Baxevanis AD, Klingler KW, Landes GM, Trent JM. A 6-Mb high-resolution physical and transcription map encompassing the hereditary prostate cancer 1 (HPC1) region. Genomics 2000; 64:1-14. [PMID: 10708513 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.6051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several hereditary disease loci have been genetically mapped to the chromosome 1q24-q31 interval, including the hereditary prostate cancer 1 (HPC1) locus. Here, we report the construction of a 20-Mb yeast artificial chromosome contig and a high-resolution 6-Mb sequence-ready bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)/P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) contig of 1q25 by sequence and computational analysis, STS content mapping, and chromosome walking. One hundred thirty-six new STSs, including 10 novel simple sequence repeat polymorphisms that are being used for genetic refinement of multiple disease loci, have been generated from this contig and are shown to map to the 1q25 interval. The integrity of the 6-Mb BAC/PAC contig has been confirmed by restriction fingerprinting, and this contig is being used as a template for human chromosome 1 genome sequencing. A transcription mapping effort has resulted in the precise localization of 18 known genes and 31 ESTs by database searching, exon trapping, direct cDNA hybridization, and sample sequencing of BACs from the 1q25 contig. An additional 11 known genes and ESTs have been placed within the larger 1q24-q31 interval. These transcription units represent candidate genes for multiple hereditary diseases, including HPC1.
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291
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Hoare C, Li Wan Po A, Williams H. Systematic review of treatments for atopic eczema. Health Technol Assess 2000; 4:1-191. [PMID: 11134919 PMCID: PMC4782813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic eczema is the commonest inflammatory skin disease of childhood, affecting 15-20% of children in the UK at any one time. Adults make up about one-third of all community cases. Moderate-to-severe atopic eczema can have a profound effect on the quality of life for both sufferers and their families. In addition to the effects of intractable itching, skin damage, soreness, sleep loss and the social stigma of a visible skin disease, other factors such as frequent visits to doctors, special clothing and¿the need to constantly apply messy topical applications all add to the burden of disease. The cause of atopic eczema is unknown, though a genetic pre-disposition and a combination of allergic and non-allergic factors appear to be important in determining disease expression. Treatment of atopic eczema in the UK is characterised by a profusion of treatments aimed at disease control. The evidential basis of these treatments is often unclear. Most people with atopic eczema are managed in primary care where the least research has been done. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this scoping review are two-fold. To produce an up-to-date coverage 'map' of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of treatments of atopic eczema. To assist in making treatment recommendations by summarising the available RCT evidence using qualitative and quantitative methods. METHODS DATA SOURCES Data sources included electronic searching of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register, the Cochrane Skin Group specialised register of trials, hand-searching of atopic eczema conference proceedings, follow-up of references in retrieved articles, contact with leading researchers and requests to relevant pharmaceutical companies. INCLUSION/EXCLUSION CRITERIA Only RCTs of therapeutic agents used in the prevention and treatment of people with atopic eczema of any age were considered for inclusion. Only studies where a physician diagnosed atopic eczema or atopic dermatitis were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction was conducted by two observers onto abstraction forms, with discrepancies resolved by discussion. QUALITY ASSESSMENT The quality assessment of retrieved RCTs included an assessment of: a clear description of method and concealment of allocation of randomisation, the degree to which assessors and participants were blinded to the study interventions, and whether all those originally randomised were included in the final main analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS Where possible, quantitative pooling of similar RCTs was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's methods. Where statistical heterogeneity was found, sources of heterogeneity in terms of study participants, formulation or posology of intervention, and use of co-treatments were explored. Where pooling was not deemed to be appropriate, detailed descriptions of the study characteristics and main reported results were presented along with comments on study quality. RESULTS A total of 1165 possible RCTs were retrieved in hard copy form for further scrutiny. Of these, 893 were excluded from further analysis because of lack of appropriate data. The 272 remaining RCTs of atopic eczema covered at least 47 different interventions, which could be broadly categorised into ten main groups. Quality of reporting was generally poor, and limited statistical pooling was possible only for oral cyclosporin, and only then after considerable data transformation. There was reasonable RCT evidence to support the use of oral cyclosporin, topical corticosteroids, psychological approaches and ultraviolet light therapy. There was insufficient evidence to make recommendations on maternal allergen avoidance for disease prevention, oral antihistamines, Chinese herbs, dietary restriction in established atopic eczema, homeopathy, house dust mite reduction, massage therapy, hypnotherapy, evening primrose oil, emollients, topical coal tar and topical doxepin. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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Williams H, van Hooydonk A, Dingle P, Annandale D. Developing tailored environmental management systems for small businesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0925(200009)7:3<106::aid-ema130>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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293
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Smith AG, Kosygan K, Williams H, Newman RJ. Common extensor tendon rupture following corticosteroid injection for lateral tendinosis of the elbow. Br J Sports Med 1999; 33:423-4; discussion 424-5. [PMID: 10597854 PMCID: PMC1756217 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.33.6.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroid injections are commonly administered to athletes to relieve symptoms of lateral elbow tendinosis. This report presents a case of almost total rupture of the common extensor origin in a 45 year old female squash player secondary to such a procedure.
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294
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Williams H. Danger signals and the combined oral contraceptive pill. AUSTRALIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 1999; 28:1265-7. [PMID: 10650602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The COCP is a safe form of contraception for the majority of women. The challenge is to identify the women who have risk factors that make the use of COCP less safe. This approach is summarised by a recent consensus statement from an international conference on evidence based prescribing of COCPs. This states that 'current evidence suggests only two prerequisites for the safe provision of COCPs: a careful personal and family medical history with particular attention to cardiovascular risk factors, and an accurate blood pressure measurement'.
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Williams H. Fungal infections of skin and nails of feet. Pragmatic clinical trial is now needed. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1999; 319:1070-1. [PMID: 10521215 PMCID: PMC1116859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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296
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Williams H, Hart R, Bell-Syer SEM, Crawford F, Young P, Russell I, Torgerson DJ. Fungal infections of skin and nails of feet. BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7216.1070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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297
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Kemppainen JK, O'Brien L, Williams H, Evans L, Weiner KN, Holzemer WL. Quantifying patient engagement with nurses: validation of a scale with AIDS patients. OUTCOMES MANAGEMENT FOR NURSING PRACTICE 1999; 3:167-74. [PMID: 10876542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and test a measure of patient engagement with nurses, which is a quantifiable outcome of nurse-patient encounters. This measure, based on verbatim patient statements, was tested with a multi-site sample of 162 hospitalized patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although developed and tested with acutely ill AIDS patients, the scales are not AIDS specific and hold promise as a general measure of the outcomes of nurse-patient encounters in other acute and chronic illnesses.
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298
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Boyd A, Williams H. The changing face of opportunistic infections in AIDS. J Infect 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(99)90218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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299
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Tong C, Peiris J, Cheung C, Williams H, Bakran A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease and detection of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) DNA in renal transplant recipients. J Infect 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(99)90130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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300
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Labay V, Raz T, Baron D, Mandel H, Williams H, Barrett T, Szargel R, McDonald L, Shalata A, Nosaka K, Gregory S, Cohen N. Mutations in SLC19A2 cause thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia associated with diabetes mellitus and deafness. Nat Genet 1999; 22:300-4. [PMID: 10391221 DOI: 10.1038/10372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia (TRMA), also known as Rogers syndrome, is an early onset, autosomal recessive disorder defined by the occurrence of megaloblastic anaemia, diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness, responding in varying degrees to thiamine treatment (MIM 249270). We have previously narrowed the TRMA locus from a 16-cM to a 4-cM interval on chromosomal region 1q23.3 (refs 3,4) and this region has been further refined to a 1.4-cM interval. Previous studies have suggested that deficiency in a high-affinity thiamine transporter may cause this disorder. Here we identify the TRMA gene by positional cloning. We assembled a P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) contig spanning the TRMA candidate region. This clarified the order of genetic markers across the TRMA locus, provided 9 new polymorphic markers and narrowed the locus to an approximately 400-kb region. Mutations in a new gene, SLC19A2, encoding a putative transmembrane protein homologous to the reduced folate carrier proteins, were found in all affected individuals in six TRMA families, suggesting that a defective thiamine transporter protein (THTR-1) may underlie the TRMA syndrome.
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