276
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Carrière PD, Maxie MG, Wilkie BN, Savan M, Valli VE, Johnson JA. Exposure of calves to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus and Pasteurella haemolytica. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE : REVUE CANADIENNE DE MEDECINE COMPAREE 1983; 47:422-32. [PMID: 6320999 PMCID: PMC1235969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate whether sequential exposure to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus followed by Pasteurella haemolytica, or P. haemolytica followed by parainfluenza-3 virus, could lead to the production of pulmonary lesions in conventionally-raised calves. Twenty male calves with low serum antibody titres to both organisms were placed in five equal groups. Synergism of parainfluenza-3 virus and P. haemolytica was not demonstrated in any of the sequentially infected groups and pulmonary lesions were mild in all challenged calves. Clinical signs of disease were not present after exposure to parainfluenza-3 virus although the virus was repeatedly isolated from nasal secretions of all inoculated calves. Exposure to P. haemolytica produced a transient response which consisted of increased rectal temperatures and respiratory rates, with a mild neutrophilic leukocytosis and a mild left shift present six hours postinoculation and returning to normal within 24 hours. Results from this study suggest, although do not confirm, that reduced pulmonary clearance of inhaled P. haemolytica in parainfluenza-3 virus infected calves does not necessarily lead to production of severe pulmonary lesions and that previous exposure to aerosols of P. haemolytica may not enhance secondary parainfluenza-3 virus infection.
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277
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Filion LG, McGuire RL, Babiuk LA. Nonspecific suppressive effect of bovine herpesvirus type 1 on bovine leukocyte functions. Infect Immun 1983; 42:106-12. [PMID: 6311742 PMCID: PMC264530 DOI: 10.1128/iai.42.1.106-112.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of bovine herpesvirus type 1 on the specific and nonspecific immune response of calves was examined. Animals with or without prior aerosol exposure to Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 were aerosol challenged with 10(8) PFU of virus. Blood and serum samples were taken before and after virus challenge for determining cell-mediated, humoral, and neutrophil responses. A significant depression of the blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin, P. haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida and of neutrophil chemotactic response was observed 4 to 7 days after challenge. However, the antibacterial activity of neutrophils was not significantly affected by virus exposure. Anti-bovine herpesvirus type 1 antibody responses were detected 11 days postchallenge. A significant elevation of the anti-P. haemolytica antibody response (day 0 versus day +11) was detected in animals previously exposed to P. haemolytica.
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278
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Solano W, Giambrone JJ, Panangala VS. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect hemagglutination test for quantitating antibody responses in chickens against Pasteurella multocida. Avian Dis 1983; 27:1034-42. [PMID: 6651697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure humoral antibody responses of chickens against Pasteurella multocida. A standard indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test was used to compare serologic results with those of ELISA. The ELISA was also used following challenge with P. multocida to compare the efficacy of three commercial fowl cholera vaccination regimens. Although antibody titers measured by ELISA and IHA were highly correlated, ELISA was at least twice as sensitive as IHA. Antibody measured by ELISA and IHA also correlated significantly with protection against P. multocida challenge. No mortality occurred in any of the three vaccinated challenged groups. However, control unvaccinated chickens experimentally infected with P. multocida developed signs of acute pasteurellosis and died by the 10th day post-challenge. Impression smears made of hepatic tissue from all chickens were stained (Wright's stain), and typical bipolar rods characteristic of Pasteurella were identified in smears from unvaccinated challenged controls only.
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279
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Kucera CJ, Wong JC, Feldner TJ. Challenge exposure of cattle vaccinated with a chemically altered strain of Pasteurella haemolytica. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44:1848-52. [PMID: 6314851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Calves vaccinated with a chemically altered strain of Pasteurella haemolytica and their nonvaccinated controls were challenge exposed intranasally with the Cooper strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Five days later, the calves were challenge exposed intratracheally with the P haemolytica type A1. Calves that had been vaccinated with large, medium, or small doses of the chemically altered vaccinal strain of P haemolytica had various degrees of resistance to the experimental challenge exposure. Nonvaccinated animals developed severe respiratory tract disease and pneumonia after challenge exposure.
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280
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Shewen PE, Wilkie BN. Pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin neutralizing activity in sera from Ontario beef cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE : REVUE CANADIENNE DE MEDECINE COMPAREE 1983; 47:497-8. [PMID: 6667433 PMCID: PMC1235984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A random sample of sera obtained from cattle necropsied as part of the Bruce County Beef Project in 1980-81 was assayed for the ability to neutralize the cytotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica A1. Cattle dying of fibrinous pneumonia had significantly lower neutralizing activity in serum than cattle which died for reasons other than pneumonia. Activity in pneumonic cattle was also lower than the mean of twelve samples randomly chosen from sera of cattle bled on entry to feedlots in the fall of 1979. A role for the toxin neutralizing response in resistance to pneumonic pasteurellosis is proposed.
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281
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Confer AW, Wright JC, Cummins JM, Panciera RJ, Corstvet RE. Use of a fluorometric immunoassay to determine antibody response to Pasteurella haemolytica in vaccinated and nonvaccinated feedlot cattle. J Clin Microbiol 1983; 18:866-71. [PMID: 6355165 PMCID: PMC270920 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.18.4.866-871.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A retrospective study of the antibody response to Pasteurella haemolytica was conducted by using sera from 368 feedlot cattle divided among five experiments. In three experiments, live vaccines or a bacterin were administered to some of the cattle and others were left as nonvaccinated controls. In two experiments, cattle were not vaccinated. Clinical signs of disease with subsequent recovery developed in 48.0% of the cattle, and 10.3% of the cattle died. Vaccination had no apparent effect on morbidity or mortality. At the time of purchase, 78% of the cattle had low antibody titers (less than 25) as measured by a quantitative fluorometric immunoassay. In most groups of cattle (both vaccinated and nonvaccinated), there was a significant rise in mean antibody titers between the time of purchase and days 28 to 32 in the feedlot. The antibody titers at the time of shipment and health status of cattle. The antibody ratios were significantly greater for cattle that became sick and then recovered compared with those of cattle that remained healthy. Although significance could not be established, antibody titers at the time of shipment were higher for cattle that remained healthy compared with cattle that became sick and then recovered.
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282
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Gilmour NJ, Martin WB, Sharp JM, Thompson DA, Wells PW, Donachie W. Experimental immunisation of lambs against pneumonic pasteurellosis. Res Vet Sci 1983; 35:80-6. [PMID: 6622850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methods of immunising lambs against pneumonic pasteurellosis, caused by several serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica, were assessed in specific pathogen free lambs. Lambs were vaccinated intramuscularly with sodium salicylate extract (SSE) of P haemolytica, either alone or in combination with heat-killed organisms (HKO). SSE of P haemolytica type A1 protected vaccinated lambs against pneumonia resulting from challenge with the homologous serotype. SSE of type A2 also provided some protection but this was improved by vaccination with a combination of SSE and HKO.
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283
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Yates WD, Stockdale PH, Babiuk LA, Smith RJ. Prevention of experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis with an extract of Pasteurella haemolytica. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE : REVUE CANADIENNE DE MEDECINE COMPAREE 1983; 47:250-6. [PMID: 6315195 PMCID: PMC1235934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A total of 36 calves were used in three experiments to test the efficacy of a potassium thiocyanate extract of Pasteurella haemolytica in protecting against experimental pneumonia. In each of experiments A and B, 12 calves were divided into three equal groups. The first group was vaccinated with an aerosol of a potassium thiocyanate extract twice, two weeks apart; the second group was vaccinated subcutaneously once only with the same extract. The third group of calves in both experiments remained as unvaccinated controls. In experiment C, six calves were vaccinated intramuscularly and six were left as controls. Approximately one month after vaccination all calves were challenged with an aerosol of bovine herpesvirus 1 (isolate 108) followed in 4 d by an aerosol of P. haemolytica type A1 (the same strain from which the potassium thiocyanate extract had been made). Varying degrees of protection against subsequent development of experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle were seen in vaccinated calves as compared to control calves in these experiments. The results indicate that protection of cattle against pneumonic pasteurellosis may prove possible with a sub-cellular extract of P. haemolytica.
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284
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Yates WD, Kingscote BF, Bradley JA, Mitchell D. The relationship of serology and nasal microbiology to pulmonary lesions in feedlot cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE : REVUE CANADIENNE DE MEDECINE COMPAREE 1983; 47:375-8. [PMID: 6315201 PMCID: PMC1235957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A group of 62 beef calves, born and raised in an institutional herd, were transferred at nine months of age to a commercial feedlot where they remained until slaughter seven months later. Clinical, immunological and microbiological monitoring was carried out during this period. No serious clinical illness occurred. One hundred percent seroconversion to bovine virus diarrhea virus took place after introduction of the calves into the feedlot as well as almost complete (59/62) seroconversion to bovine herpesvirus 1, a proportion of which could be related to a single vaccination. Significant increases in recoveries of Mycoplasma spp. from nasal swabs also occurred in the feedlot. At slaughter, the lungs of all animals were recovered and examined for pathological lesions: 23 were completely normal and 39 showed minor histological changes chiefly characterized by areas of lobular to sublobular atelectasis. For this group of calves, no relationship was found between the presence of potential pathogens in nasal mucus and the occurrence of lesions in the lung. The serological results are discussed in terms of vaccinations and other known events that occurred during the study period.
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285
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Cameron CM, Bester FJ. The inefficacy of polivalent Pasteurella multocida vaccines for sheep. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1983; 50:101-4. [PMID: 6634081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunity assays on sheep sera using passive mouse protection tests showed that vaccines containing more than 4 strains of Pasteurella multocida did not give a good immunity. The immune response was not enhanced by the use of an oil adjuvant, and high concentrations of bacteria had only a partial positive effect. Attempts to extract selectively the protection-inducing antigen(s) from P. multocida by veronal, phenol or potassium thiocyanate extraction were unsuccessful. Furthermore, it was found that sheep antisera to the recognized type strains of P. multocida afforded only limited protection against a number of field strains. We concluded from this that successful immunization against ovine pasteurellosis will depend on either the identification of a strain of P. multocida that gives a wide spectrum of immunity or the discovery of a live mutant suitable for vaccine production and the definition of cultural conditions that promote the expression of a common immunizing antigen.
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286
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Corbeil LB, Strayer DS, Skaletsky E, Wunderlich A, Sell S. Immunity to pasteurellosis in compromised rabbits. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44:845-50. [PMID: 6307088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurellosis in the rabbit inoculated with a malignant variant of Shope fibroma virus (SFV-MV) is presented as a model for the study of immunosuppression and immunoprophylaxis in pasteurellosis. The rabbits, before the inoculation, were healthy carriers of Pasteurella multocida. They were intradermally inoculated with SFV-MV, and 3 to 6 days later, a primary tumor appeared at the site of inoculation. By postinoculation day (PID) 7 or 8, the rabbits had snuffles, conjunctivitis, and tumor metastases; death occurred on PID 10 to 14. Rabbits given the nonmalignant Patuxent strain of SFV developed local primary tumors, but not pasteurellosis nor metastases. In SFV-MV-inoculated rabbits, there was decreased responsiveness of spleen lymphocytes to B and T cell mitogens by day 6, and of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes by day 10. In addition, SFV-MV antigen was detected (by immunofluorescence) in mononuclear phagocytes in all major organs and in epithelial cells of the conjunctiva and nasal mucosa. Both nasal and conjunctival epithelia showed squamous metaplasia as well. These changes did not appear in SFV-infected rabbits. With SFV-MV-inoculated rabbits, we obtained partial protection against pasteurellosis by immunization with heat-killed P multocida or a cross-protective core lipopolysaccharide mutant of Escherichia coli (J5). Rabbits were immunized before the inoculation with SFV-MV which precipitated "spontaneous" pasteurellosis due to impaired defenses. Rabbits immunized with J5 or P multocida had less severe conjunctivitis and snuffles than nonimmunized controls, indicating that immunization with the J5 mutant may be useful as prophylaxis against pasteurellosis in compromised hosts.
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287
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Rimler RB. Replacement of sodium chloride with dextran or polyethylene glycol for immunoprecipitation of lipopolysaccharide with antibodies in chicken or turkey sera. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1983; 4:417-24. [PMID: 6191433 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(83)90001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dextran or polyethylene glycol could replace sodium chloride in agarose gels for inducing immunoprecipitation of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharides with antibodies in chicken or turkey sera. Resolution of immunoprecipitates was best when 3% concentrations of either dextran or polyethylene glycol were used. Higher concentrations increased opacity of the gels. Nonspecific precipitation of serum or gamma-globulin fractions in gels was caused by the electrophoresis buffer, dextran, and polyethylene glycol. Dialysis of serum or gamma-globulin fractions against the electrophoresis buffer and soaking gels in buffers of pH greater than 7.0 that contained 3% polyethylene glycol reduced nonspecific precipitation. Incorporation of dextran or polyethylene glycol into gels enhanced immunoprecipitation in rocket immunoelectrophoresis but resulted in slower mobility of antigen.
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288
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Sweat RL. Persistence of antibodies and anamnestic response in calves vaccinated with inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and parainfluenza-3 virus vaccines. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 182:809-11. [PMID: 6303996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Persistence of antibodies in calves vaccinated with 2 types of inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus vaccines were determined. Calves seronegative for IBR and PI-3 viruses were inoculated with 2 doses of inactivated IBR virus-PI-3 virus vaccines administered 2 weeks apart. Blood samples were obtained from the calves for serum at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after vaccination. The serums were tested by serum-neutralization tests. Antibody response to the vaccines persisted on a declining scale for 1 year. The anamnestic responses to the vaccines were determined by inoculating the same calves with a booster dose of vaccine 1 year after the original 2 doses were given. Blood samples were obtained from the calves for serum 2 weeks later. The serums were tested by serum-neutralization tests. The single booster dose of vaccine elicited an anamnestic response to both IBR and PI-3 viruses.
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289
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Shewen PE, Wilkie BN. Pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin: production by recognized serotypes and neutralization by type-specific rabbit antisera. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44:715-9. [PMID: 6869971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A sterile culture supernatant from each of the 12 recognized serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica was toxic to bovine alveolar macrophages when assayed by 51Cr release. Types appeared to differ in their ability to liberate cytotoxin, although this may have reflected strain variation rather than serotype-related differences. Toxicity was partially neutralized by type-specific rabbit antisera, with neutralization of the homologous toxin being more effective than that of the heterologous serotype.
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290
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Donachie W, Burrells C, Dawson AM. Specificity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies in the sera of specific pathogen-free lambs vaccinated with Pasteurella haemolytica antigens. Vet Microbiol 1983; 8:199-205. [PMID: 6191429 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(83)90066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pooled serum from specific pathogen-free (SPF) lambs vaccinated with sodium salicylate extracted (SSE) antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1 was shown to contain antibody to other A serotype SSE antigens when tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific antibody to serotype A1 SSE antigens was demonstrated by absorption of the serum pool with heterologous serotype SSE antigens. The type-specific antigens of serotypes A1 and A9 were prepared by phenol--water extraction (PWE) of their respective SSE antigens. The PWE antigens were examined in a sandwich ELISA where rabbit IgG anti-P. haemolytica A1 cells or A9 cells was used as a coating layer to bind PWE antigens. The specificity of these antigens was demonstrated by marked reduction of reactivity between serum from SPF lambs vaccinated with SSE of serotypes A1 or A9.
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291
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Burrells C, Evans HB, Dawson AM. Antigenic relationships between the serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica demonstrable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Vet Microbiol 1983; 8:187-98. [PMID: 6191428 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(83)90065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mice and rabbits were immunised with sodium salicylate extracts (SSE) prepared from each of 12 serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica, and the antisera to each were used in cross-indirect haemagglutination (IHA) tests and cross-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to study antigenic relationships between the serotypes. An indirect micro-ELISA demonstrated common antigenic relationships which were not apparent by IHA. Antisera from both species revealed considerable shared antigenicity between all the serotypes. Rabbit antisera presented clearer differences between the A biotypes on one hand and the T biotypes on the other, the T biotypes exhibiting much less cross-relatedness than that shown between the A serotypes.
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292
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Woodard LF, Jasman RL, Farrington DO, Jensen KE. Enhanced antibody-dependent bactericidal activity of neutrophils from calves treated with a lipid amine immunopotentiator. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44:389-94. [PMID: 6340567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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293
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Brogden KA, Rimler RB. Lysates of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida: effects of solubilizing agents on the immunologic properties of membrane vesicles. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44:428-32. [PMID: 6838037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Membrane vesicles from lysed suspensions of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida were treated with various solubilizing agents to release protein that may contain cross-protection factor. Potassium thiocyanate, NaOH-glycine, lithium diiodosalicylate, guanidine hydrochloride, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, Triton X-100, and sodium lauryl sarcosinate were each tested as solubilizing agents. Vaccines made from combining solubilized membrane vesicles with complete lysate supernatant fluid produced various degrees of protection against challenge exposure with a heterologous serotype of P multocida in turkeys. Only vaccines prepared from membranes that were solubilized with potassium thiocyanate and sodium lauryl sarcosinate protected as well as complete lysate from turkey-grown P multocida. The amount of protein in each vaccine did not relate to protection. Distinct chemical differences were observed between lysates prepared from turkey-grown P multocida and lysates prepared from 41 C broth-grown P multocida. The external morphology of P multocida, after treatment with lysozyme and EDTA, was similar whether grown in broth or in turkeys.
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294
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Smith GR. Difficulty in protecting lambs against Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A with antiserum. Vet Rec 1983; 112:128-9. [PMID: 6836892 DOI: 10.1136/vr.112.6.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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295
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Collins FM, Niederbuhl CJ, Campbell SG. Bactericidal activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages exposed in vitro to three strains of Pasteurella multocida. Infect Immun 1983; 39:779-84. [PMID: 6832820 PMCID: PMC348017 DOI: 10.1128/iai.39.2.779-784.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal ICR mice were infected intravenously, intraperitoneally, or aerogenically with Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from a turkey (S68), calf (V90), or rabbit (J20) lung. Both the turkey and calf isolates were highly virulent for mice and multiplied logarithmically in the lungs, liver, and spleen, resulting in death of the animals in 18 to 36 h. The rabbit strain was avirulent for mice, but repeated passage in mice did result in some increased virulence. All three strains of P. multocida were inactivated rapidly by normal mouse peritoneal macrophages, provided that the organisms were opsonized with specific hyperimmune serum before being exposed to the macrophage monolayers. P. multocida was slowly inactivated by normal mouse alveolar macrophages when the organisms were preopsonized. However, the surviving organisms later multiplied extensively in vitro. Macrophages harvested from hyperimmunized mice were no better at inactivating opsonized P. multocida cells than were normal mouse cells. The relative importance of the different phagocytic cell populations in the uptake and killing of opsonized P. multocida cells is discussed in relation to immunity to this important animal pathogen.
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296
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Ghazikhanian GY, Dungan WM, Kelly BJ. Immunization of turkey breeder hens against fowl cholera by combined oral and wing-web administration of attenuated (CU) pasteurella multocida. Avian Dis 1983; 27:133-40. [PMID: 6847537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Turkey breeder candidates were exposed to attenuated Pasteurella multocida (Clemson University strain) via both mouth (one or three times) and wing-web stick (one or two times). Significant protection lasting to 25-30 weeks post-vaccination was conferred under such immunization programs. The best protection with the fewest adverse effects of vaccination was established when orally vaccinated turkeys were subsequently vaccinated via wing-web at 20 and 25 weeks of age. High doses of attenuated P. multocida via wing-web produced lameness (synovitis and osteomyelitis) and severe wing lesions in growing turkeys.
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297
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Confer AW, Fox JC, Newman PR, Lawson GW, Corstvet RE. A quantitative fluorometric assay for the measurement of antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica in cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE : REVUE CANADIENNE DE MEDECINE COMPAREE 1983; 47:37-42. [PMID: 6339016 PMCID: PMC1235881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple fluorometric method is described for measuring antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica in sera of cattle. Various antigen preparations were compared for the test including live, formalin-killed and phenol-killed P. haemolytica. A preparation composed of formalin-killed organisms from a 22 hour culture gave consistent results and was used in the studies. The test was reproduciable with percent coefficients of variation for fluorescent signal unit values on ten or more replicate samples ranging from 5.7 to 28.0. Sera from calves vaccinated by aerosol exposure to live P. haemolytica had up to a five-fold increase in antibody titer as measured by the flurometric method test during a 21 day period. Fluorometric method titers were comparable to those obtained by the indirect bacterial agglutination test. There was no seroconversion to P. haemolytica in calves vaccinated by aerosol exposure of P. multocida. The major advantages of the fluorometric method test over conventional methods are that the assay does not require serial dilutions of serum samples and thus limits time and effort to determine antibody titers.
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298
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Kodama H, Matsumoto M, Fuquay JI, Syuto B. Soluble fractions of Pasteurella multocida: their protective qualities against fowl cholera in turkeys. Avian Dis 1983; 27:283-91. [PMID: 6847544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soluble fractions of Pasteurella multocida strain P1059 were extracted from a single source by four methods, and their immunogenicity was evaluated by challenge exposure in turkeys. The fractions were extracted by 1) heating in 2.5% NaCl, 2) 0.5M potassium thiocyanate, 3) 1.0M sodium salicylate, and 4) prolonged stirring in formalin solution followed by pelleting (LPS-protein antigen). Eighty percent to 90% of infected turkeys were protected in two trials by vaccination with the saline extract or LPS-protein antigen, whereas less consistent protection was associated with the other two preparations. Endotoxin content was the highest in LPS-protein antigen, followed by KSCN, Na salicylate, and saline extract in that order. The four fractions contained at least one common antigen, which had previously been shown to be a surface-protective antigen.
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299
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Corstvet RE, Gentry MJ, Newman PR, Rummage JA, Confer AW. Demonstration of age-dependent capsular material on Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 16:1123-6. [PMID: 6186688 PMCID: PMC272551 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.16.6.1123-1126.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular capsular material was demonstrated on early log-phase cells of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 by the fluorescent-antibody and several capsular staining techniques. The presence of this material was shown to be age dependent. Wide capsules were demonstrable on cells from 2- to 12-h cultures, whereas cells from 16- to 22-h cultures had very little cell-associated capsular material. The Maneval technique most clearly demonstrated the presence of capsules on cells from young (6-h) cultures when compared with other capsule staining techniques.
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300
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Manning PJ. Serology of Pasteurella multocida in laboratory rabbits: a review. LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 1982; 32:666-71. [PMID: 6819407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Current concepts of the structure of the capsule and cell wall of gram negative bacteria and the role of these substances on the serologic classification of bacteria were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on the methods used to serotype Pasteurella multocida as developed from studies on isolates from various animal species and the application of these methods in serotyping isolates of Pasteurella multocida from laboratory rabbits. Evidence was presented that the indirect hemagglutination test used to identify "capsular" types A, B, D, and E is based on the interaction of antibody with type specific lipopolysaccharide and is therefore a test for somatic rather than capsular materials. It also was observed that several rabbit isolates were not serologically typable by currently available reagents. Commonly used techniques to obtain relatively homogeneous bacterial extracts were discussed, and the need to characterize the extracts of Pasteurella multocida from rabbits both chemically and immunologically was emphasized.
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