651
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Cheng HM, Hu C. T cell help and antiphospholipid antibody immunogenesis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1997; 40:196-7. [PMID: 9008622 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780400132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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652
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Hu C, Levine MS, Laufer I. Solitary ulcers in reflux esophagitis: radiographic findings. ABDOMINAL IMAGING 1997; 22:5-7. [PMID: 9000345 DOI: 10.1007/s002619900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with reflux esophagitis have solitary ulcers in the distal esophagus. This study was undertaken to characterize further the radiographic features of these ulcers and to determine whether or not they have a predisposition to develop on the posterior esophageal wall. METHODS Radiologic files and teaching files at our university hospital and affiliated Veterans Administration hospital revealed 29 patients with solitary reflux-induced ulcers. The radiographs were reviewed retrospectively to determine the size and location of the ulcers as well as the presence or absence of other findings. RESULTS Twenty ulcers (69%) were located on the posterior wall, five (17%) on the left or right lateral wall, and four (14%) on the anterior wall. All but two ulcers were located 1-4 cm from the gastroesophageal junction. All of the ulcers were less than 10 mm in width and 5 mm in depth. Other associated findings included hiatal hernias in 11 patients (38%), mucosal nodularity or granularity in 12 (41%), one or more tiny satellite ulcers in three (10%), esophageal intramural pseudodiverticula in three (10%), an inflammatory esophagogastric polyp in one (3%), and scarring or stricture formation in 12 (41%). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that solitary reflux-induced ulcers tend to occur on the posterior wall of the distal esophagus near the gastroesophageal junction, producing characteristic radiographic findings. We postulate that affected individuals sleep primarily in the supine position, so that refluxed acid pools on the dependent or posterior esophageal wall, causing maximal injury in this location.
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653
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Goldberg MR, Barasch J, Shifteh A, D'Agati V, Oliver JA, Hu C, al-Awqati Q. Spatial and temporal expression of cell surface molecules during nephrogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 272:F79-86. [PMID: 9039052 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.1.f79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell interaction is fundamental to the development of the kidney. Ureteric bud cells, through cell contact or short-distance interactions, induce the metanephric mesenchyme to convert, to epithelia and begin the process of tubulogenesis. To identify new molecules that are involved in these processes, we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the surface of induced mesenchymal cells taken from a day 15 rat embryonic kidney rudiment. MAbs were chosen for further study based either on a distinctive pattern of expression of their antigens or their functional effect on tubulogenesis. We identified a set of MAbs that preferentially stained the glomerular crevice, the first site for formation of the glomerular anlage. Another MAb inhibited tubulogenesis by producing widespread apoptosis in induced mesenchymal cells. This approach promises to identify new molecules that are central to kidney development.
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654
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Cameron HU, Hu C, Vyamont D. Posterior stabilized knee prosthesis for total knee replacement in patients with prior patellectomy. Can J Surg 1996; 39:469-73. [PMID: 8956812 PMCID: PMC3949902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the outcome of total knee replacement using a posterior cruciate-substituting knee prosthesis in patients who have undergone previous patellectomy. DESIGN A cohort study, with a follow-up ranging from 2 to 9 years. SETTING A university-affiliated institution specializing in elective orthopedic surgery. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen patients with arthritis of the knee who had had patellectomy. All agreed preoperatively to a prolonged postoperative follow-up. INTERVENTION A cemented posterior cruciate-substituting knee replacement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Stair climbing ability, the Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating system for clinical results and a radiologic rating using a zonal system. RESULTS Clinical rating was 69% good or excellent. Eighty-one percent of patients could use the replaced knee as the lead leg on stair climbing. Minor radiolucency, mostly single zone only, was found. Two patients required revision because of pain, but no obvious reasons for this pain were found at operation. CONCLUSION In the absence of a patella, a posterior cruciate-substituting prosthesis gives reasonable results.
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655
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Abstract
Seventeen cases of knee fusion takedown with follow-up periods of 1 to 10 years have been reviewed. Two patients were re-fused for patellar tendon loss and sepsis. One had a chronic low-grade infection but refused re-fusion. Two patients who required immobilization for the first 10 days following total knee arthroplasty had a range of flexion of 35 degrees only. The mean range of flexion in the other patients in 84 degrees. Using The Hospital for Special Surgery rating, 29.4% scored excellent, 29.4% good, 17.6% fair, and 17.6% poor, including the two patients refused. Complications were found in nine patients (53%), six of which were resolved with further surgery. All patients preferred the mobile knee, but the complication rate is so high that the authors remain ambivalent about this procedure.
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656
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Hu C, Zhao J, Pizzarello LD, Jiang L, Liu Q, Ma J, Zhang Q. Cataract free zone and primary health care approach to prevention of blindness in Shunyi county of Beijing. Chin Med J (Engl) 1996; 109:561-5. [PMID: 9206106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a three-level eye care network, together with a referral and monitor system for the prevention of blindness, with the aim of creating a cataract free zone. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Shunyi County with a population of 548364 was chosen as the target site. Our activities included (1) establishment of a County Guiding Committee for the prevention of blindness: (2) training local ophthalmologists and primary eye care personnel: (3) extensive publicity of knowledge for the prevention of blindness: (4) screening for blindness and low vision, (5) cataract surgery as the chief measure for creating a cataract free zone. RESULTS A referral and monitor system for cataract blindness was established in 1987. Seven local ophthalmologists, 449 primary eye care health workers and six optometrists were trained. 815 cataract-blind patients were identified. Up to December 1991, 667 patients (737 eyes), accounting for 81.84% of the total, were treated with cataract surgery, 90.64% of these eyes had their sight restored, and 59.66% patients resumed work. A cataract free zone has been created in Shunyi County. CONCLUSIONS The prevention of blindness with cataract surgery as the chief measure can dramatically decrease the prevalence of blindness in a relatively short period of time.
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657
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Cortelezzi A, Sarina B, Cattaneo C, Pomati M, Silvestris I, Soligo D, Calori R, Di Stefano M, Hu C, Monza M, Radelli L, Maiolo AT. In vitro effects of IL-2 on NK-activity, clonogenic potential, blast cell proliferation and cytokine release of MDS bone marrow patients. Leukemia 1996; 10:1181-9. [PMID: 8684000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical usefulness of IL-2 in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) the in vitro effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on blast cell proliferation, clonogenic activity, cytokine release and cell mediated cytotoxicity were examined in 49 MDS patients. Morphological analyses of bone marrow (BM) cytospin preparations showed a significant decrease in the number of blast cells in MDS after incubation with IL-2. Incubation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) with IL-2 induced a significant increase in the number of CFU-GM in comparison with untreated controls. gamma-IFN and GM-CSF, but not alpha-TNF were found to be released in significant amounts by the BMMNCs cultured with IL-2. No significant differences in the surface phenotypes of fresh lymphocytes were observed between the normal and MDS subjects. After incubation with IL-2, we observed a significant increase in the number of CD3-/CD56+ cells in both normal and MDS subjects. Peripheral blood (PB) and BM NK activity against K562 was significantly greater in MDS after stimulation with IL-2. These data suggest the clinical usefulness of IL-2 in a large subgroup of patients as it may reduce the percentage of blasts and increase clonogenic capacity and cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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658
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Flores CA, Hu C, Edmond J, Koldovsky O. Milk carnitine affects organ carnitine concentration in newborn rats. J Nutr 1996; 126:1673-82. [PMID: 8648442 DOI: 10.1093/jn/126.6.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that exogenous milk carnitine may be necessary during the suckling period to maintain normal fat metabolism. To characterize the relationship between milk carnitine and carnitine in body organs, newborn rats were fed from birth a rat milk substitute with or without 300 micromol/L L-carnitine, corresponding to the concentration present in rat milk, for either 2 or 4 d. Carnitine concentrations in heart, skeletal muscle, liver and small intestine were compared with levels in rat pups that were never fed (d 0) and those that were nursed by their mothers for 4 d. Carnitine supplementation resulted in significantly higher concentrations of carnitine in all organs studied after 4 d compared with nursed controls. Relative intestinal carnitine pool size was 38.1 +/- 3.0, 22.6 +/- 1.0, 7.9 +/- 0.5 and 2.3 +/- 0.7 micromol/g body wt in supplemented, nursed, unsupplemented and never fed pups, respectively (P < 0.05, compared with one another). These results indicate that carnitine organ concentrations are related to dietary intake during the early suckling period and that the small intestine is a considerable and previously unrecognized proportion of the carnitine pool of suckling animals.
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659
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Hu C, Wang R, Ding D, Yang W. Structural transitions in octagonal, decagonal, and dodecagonal quasicrystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:12031-12034. [PMID: 9982829 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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660
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Zhang JF, Hu C, Geng Y, Selm J, Klein SB, Orazi A, Taylor MW. Treatment of a human breast cancer xenograft with an adenovirus vector containing an interferon gene results in rapid regression due to viral oncolysis and gene therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:4513-8. [PMID: 8633100 PMCID: PMC39570 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.9.4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-435) in nude mice with a recombinant adenovirus containing the human interferon (IFN) consensus gene, IFN-con1 (ad5/IFN), resulted in tumor regression in 100% of the animals. Tumor regression occurred when virus was injected either within 24 hr of tumor cell implantation or with established tumors. However, regression of the tumor was also observed in controls in which either the wild-type virus or a recombinant virus containing the luciferase gene was used, although tumor growth was not completely suppressed. Tumor regression was accompanied by a decrease in p53 expression. Two other tumors, the human myelogenous leukemic cell line K562 and the hamster melanoma tumor RPMI 1846, also responded to treatment but only with ad5/IFN. In the case of K562 tumors, there was complete regression of the tumor, and tumors derived from RPMI 1846 showed partial regression. We propose that the complete regression of the breast cancer with the recombinant virus ad5/IFN was the result of two events: viral oncolysis in which tumor cells are being selectively lysed by the replication-competent virus and the enhanced effect of expression of the IFN-con1 gene. K562 and RPMI 1846 tumors regressed only as a result of IFN gene therapy. This was confirmed by in vitro analysis. Our results indicate that a combination of viral oncolysis with a virus of low pathogenicity, itself resistant to the effects of IFN and IFN gene therapy, might be a fruitful approach to the treatment of a variety of different tumors, in particular breast cancers.
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661
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Hu C, Hyder SM, Needleman DS, Baker VV. Expression of estrogen receptor variants in normal and neoplastic human uterus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996; 118:173-9. [PMID: 8735603 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(96)03780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor variants lacking internal exons and representing dominant positive and negative activity may be involved in the initiation and/or progression of endocrine dependent tumors. To assess the role of estrogen receptor in uterine disease, we have analyzed both normal and neoplastic uterine samples for the presence of variant estrogen receptors using the sensitive technique of RT-PCR and direct automated DNA sequencing of the amplified products. Our analysis was conducted to determine the presence of spliced variants lacking exons 3 through exon 8. We demonstrate that both the normal and neoplastic human uterus contains a number of spliced variants of the estrogen receptor that co-exist with the wild type receptor. Variants lacking exons 4, 5 and 7 but not exons 3 and 6 were detected. Also, a novel partial deletion in exon 8 was detected in both the normal and neoplastic tissues, although a total deletion of this exon was not observed. In addition another region of exon 8 deletion was found to be present in one tumor tissue which also contained an insertion within this region, however, other tumors did not contain this variant. In addition, double exon deletion variants were observed lacking exons 3 and 4, exons 4 and 5, and exon 7 with part of exon 8. Although our data represents a limited number of samples it suggests that splicing of the estrogen receptor message occurs in the normal physiological setting. There does not appear to be any association between the presence or absence of spliced variants of estrogen receptor and uterine tumor formation at the mRNA level.
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662
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Chen T, Wang K, Luo W, Yuan Z, Wang J, Ding D, Li H, Hu C. Partitioning of aluminum atoms in crystallographically non-equivalent tetrahedral sites of the zeolite offretite by 29Si MAS NMR. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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663
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Hu C, Wang R, Yang W, Ding D. Point Groups and Elastic Properties of Two-Dimensional Quasicrystals. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767395014036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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664
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Gai Z, Zhao RG, He Y, Ji H, Hu C, Yang WS. Chemisorption of group-III metals on the (111) surface of group-IV semiconductors: In/Ge(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:1539-1547. [PMID: 9983617 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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665
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Zhang JF, Hu C, Geng Y, Blatt LM, Taylor MW. Gene therapy with an adeno-associated virus carrying an interferon gene results in tumor growth suppression and regression. Cancer Gene Ther 1996; 3:31-8. [PMID: 8785709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were constructed containing both a synthetic type I interferon gene, (IFN-con1) and the bacterial neomycin-resistant gene. Recombinant virions were used to infect a number of human tumor cell lines, including 293, Hela, K562, and Eskol (a hairy cell leukemia-like cell), and geneticin-resistant cells were selected. All IFN-con1-transduced cell lines produced low levels of IFN-con1 and grew at the same rate as nontransduced cell lines. Although these cell lines were resistant to IFN in vitro, when injected into nude mice, 293, K562, and Eskol cells failed to form tumors up to 3 months after the initial inoculum, although mice receiving nontransduced cells developed tumors within 7 to 10 days. Transduced Hela cells grew much slower in vivo and formed much smaller tumors than did the parental cells. When equal numbers of transduced and nontransduced cells were injected into nude mice, tumors initially developed slowly and then completely regressed. Treatment of an established Eskol tumor (histologically a malignant immunoblastic lymphoma) with AAV/IFN-con1-transduced 293 cells resulted in tumor regression, whereas treatment of Eskol tumors with IFN-con1 resulted in a small decrease in tumor size. These results indicate that the human IFN-con1 gene in a viral vector can be used successfully in the treatment of tumors both directly and by tumor-targeted gene therapy.
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666
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Han C, Li J, Hu C. [Reconstruction of TMJ condyle cartilage defects with autogenous free periosteal grafts]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1996; 31:42-4. [PMID: 9275615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
How to reconstruct the damaged articular cartilage has been one of the main subjects in treatment of articular disease for a long time. In this experimental study, fullthickness cartilage defects of 4 mm x 5 mm in size were created in rabbit's TMJ condyle cartiage on the left sides. The autogenous free periosteum were transplanted to the defects by using biological gelatin. Postoperatively, the animals were killed at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. The regenerative cartilage in the defects were examined by gross appearance and histology. The result showed that mesenchymal cells in the cambium layer of periostum can transform into chondroblasts under the mechanical stress.
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667
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Douay L, Hu C, Giarratana MC, Bouchet S, Conlon J, Capizzi R, Gorin NC. 1118 Amifostine improves the antileukemic therapeutic index of mafosfamide: Implications for bone marrow purging. Eur J Cancer 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)96364-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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668
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Douay L, Hu C, Giarratana MC, Bouchet S, Conlon J, Capizzi RL, Gorin NC. Amifostine improves the antileukemic therapeutic index of mafosfamide: implications for bone marrow purging. Blood 1995; 86:2849-55. [PMID: 7670119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the principal challenges of cancer chemotherapy is the relative inability of most anticancer drugs to distinguish between normal and neoplastic tissues. Consequently, a broad range of toxicities are experienced by patients, especially myelosuppression. Amifostine, a phosphorylated aminothiol, increases the selectivity of specific anticancer drugs for neoplastic cells by protecting normal tissues. One potential application of this protector is during bone marrow purging to selectively remove contaminating cancer cells. This study took normal or leukemic marrow from human subjects and evaluated the ability of amifostine to selectively protect normal bone marrow progenitor cells versus leukemic progenitor cells from the cytotoxic effect of mafosfamide. The dose response of mafosfamide amifostine on leukemia colony-forming units or normal marrow progenitor cells was determined and the LD95 was calculated. Amifostine pretreatment resulted in a statistically significant protection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units and erythroid blast-forming units from the toxicity of mafosfamide (P = .031). Thus, amifostine protection of normal marrow progenitor cells allows a higher LD95 concentration of mafosfamide to be used in ex vivo purging. In contrast, amifostine pretreatment increased the cytotoxicity of mafosfamide on the fresh human leukemia progenitor cells (P = .006). The dual effect of amifostine protection of normal marrow progenitor cells coupled with amifostine-induced sensitization of the leukemia cells increases the possible cell-kill of leukemic stem cells. With amifostine pretreatment, at the LD95 concentrations of mafosfamide for marrow progenitor cells, there was an estimated 6 log increase in cell-kill of the leukemia cells. This selective cell-kill offers the potential for lowering the incidence of leukemic relapse, while preserving more normal stem cells for autologous transplantation.
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669
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Cheng HM, Hu C. Presence of IgG antiphospholipid autoantibody in nude mice. J Rheumatol 1995; 22:2006-7. [PMID: 8992011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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670
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Han C, Li J, Hu C. [An experimental study on the effect of operation at one side of the temporomandibular joint on the opposite side]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1995; 30:271-3, 319. [PMID: 8728965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Condylectomy and menisectomy were performed in left TMJ of 14 rabbits, of them, 7 were treated with periosteal interposition and 7 without. Sixteen weeks after operation, condylar cartilage of the right side were studied and compared with 7 normal rabbits by means of histology and histochemistry. The results show that an operation of high condylectomy and menisectomy with or without interposition on one side of TMJ will result in degenerative changes in the other side (non-operated side). The degenerative changes in the rabbits without any interposition are more serious than those with periosteal interposition.
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671
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Yang W, Hu C, Ding D, Wang R. Differences in elastic behavior between pentagonal and decagonal quasicrystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:3906-3909. [PMID: 9979212 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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672
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Douay L, Hu C, Giarratana MC, Gorin NC. Amifostine (WR-2721) protects normal haematopoietic stem cells against cyclophosphamide derivatives' toxicity without compromising their antileukaemic effects. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A Suppl 1:S14-6. [PMID: 7577094 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00146-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We compared the effects of amifostine (WR-2721) on the cytotoxicity of mafosfamide or 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) in normal marrow progenitor cells (CFU-GM) and leukaemic progenitor cells (CFU-L) during ex vivo purging for autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Mononuclear cells (MNC) were incubated with amifostine 3 mg/ml for 15 min, washed, and subsequently tested for their sensitivity to mafosfamide or 4-HC (20-200 micrograms/ 10(7) MNC/ml). The LD95 was significantly higher among amifostine-treated cells for PCM-CFU-GM in 6 of 13 patients and for 5R-CFU-GM in 4 of 10 patients (P < 0.05). In contrast, amifostine exhibited no protective effects upon CFU-L. The results of this study will show that amifostine protects normal late and early progenitor cells for the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide derivatives while preserving their antileukaemic effects. These results suggest that amifostine has therapeutic value as a protective agent for normal marrow progenitor cells during ex-vivo purging of bone marrow for ABMT.
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673
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Mena EA, Kossovsky N, Chu C, Hu C. Inflammatory intermediates produced by tissues encasing silicone breast prostheses. J INVEST SURG 1995; 8:31-42. [PMID: 7734430 DOI: 10.3109/08941939509015389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Silicone prostheses, when implanted within the soft tissues of the breast, evoke an inflammatory reaction. In response to silicone exposure, inflammatory mediator production by individual cells has been observed in various experimental studies. In this study, inflammatory mediator production by periprosthetic tissues (whole organ) was measured. The mediator levels were correlated with both the tissue histopathology of the periprosthetic capsules and the clinical symptoms noted by each patient. Tissue surrounding breast implants removed at surgery from ten women (average age and implant duration 40 and 7 years respectively) was cultured in vitro for 24 hours. Control tissues consisting of (a) augmentation mammaplasty skin scars from eight additional patients and (b) knee synovium from seven orthopedic surgery patients with arthritis undergoing primary joint arthroplasty were similarly cultured. The mediators [interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] liberated into the culture media were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. When compared to controls, the mediator levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were substantially greater, although IL-2 and PGE2 were lower. Levels varied greatly from patient to patient: in pg/ml per 10 g tissue, IL-2 ranged from 10 to over 1,000; TNF-alpha from 100 to 1,000; IL-6 from 100 to 1,000,000; and PGE2 from 100 to 10,000. The correlation between TNF-alpha and PGE2 levels was .5 between IL-6 and PGE2 was .6, and between IL-6 and TNF-alpha was .77. The correlation between TNF-alpha and IL-6 was statistically significant at a p-value less than .01. Elevated levels of TNF-alpha production were associated with an increased number of macrophages and overall tissue cellularity (p < .05). No significant relationship was observed between mediator production and clinical symptoms. We conclude that overall cellularity, specifically macrophages, in the periprosthetic capsule may lead to TNF-alpha production but that cytokine production by periprosthetic tissues alone is not a predictor of clinical symptomatology in patients with silicone breast prostheses.
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674
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Hu C, Lovejoy WS, Shafer SL. Comparison of some control strategies for three-compartment PK/PD models. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS 1994; 22:525-50. [PMID: 7473080 DOI: 10.1007/bf02353793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In drug therapy, effective dosage strategies are needed to maintain target drug effects. The relationship between drug dose and drug effect is often described by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models where typically the PK model has a multicompartment form and the PD model is the sigmoidal Emax model. The parameters in the PK/PD model are generally unknown in the individual patient, although prior knowledge may be available and can be updated after measurements of drug effect are taken during the therapy. This fact, together with the complexity of the PK/PD model, makes the control problem complex. This paper investigates several control strategies in the framework of a three-compartment PK model plus an effect site with a PD model. Using computer simulations under different assumptions, we show that a MAP (maximum a posteriori) Bayesian type of strategy is effective, nevertheless in high-risk situations a stochastic control strategy hedging against estimation errors provides better performance at computational cost.
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675
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Douay L, Hu C, Giarratana MC, Gorin NC. Comparative effects of amifostine (Ethyol) on normal hematopoietic stem cells versus human leukemic cells during ex vivo purging in autologous bone marrow transplants. Semin Oncol 1994; 21:16-20. [PMID: 7973773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The protective action of amifostine (Ethyol, US Bioscience, Inc. West Conshohocken, PA) against the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide derivatives on the normal progenitor/stem cell pool was investigated. Early and late normal progenitor/stem cells were studied in the presence of placenta-conditioned medium (placenta-conditioned medium-granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units); in the presence of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, erythropoietin, stem cell factor (5R-CFU-GM); stimulated granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming and in a long-term culture-initiating cell assay. The preservation of an antileukemic effect was investigated by growing leukemic progenitor cells in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and leukocyte feeder layer with or without 25u interleukin-2. In 10 of 13 cases, a statistically significant (P < .05) protective effect was found on PCM-granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units, in four of 10 cases on factor-stimulated granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units, and in two of six cases on long-term culture-initiating cell. In contrast, amifostine exhibited no protective effect (none of nine cases) on leukemic progenitor cells. From the experimental data, it seems that amifostine is able to protect human normal progenitor/stem cells from cyclophosphamide derivative toxicity, while preserving their antileukemic effects. The therapeutic usefulness of such protection in autologous bone marrow transplantation with purged marrow is obvious.
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676
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Haystead TA, Haystead CM, Hu C, Lin TA, Lawrence JC. Phosphorylation of PHAS-I by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Identification of a site phosphorylated by MAP kinase in vitro and in response to insulin in rat adipocytes. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:23185-91. [PMID: 8083223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PHAS-I is a heat- and acid-stable protein that is phosphorylated on Ser/Thr residues in response to insulin and growth factors. To investigate the phosphorylation of PHAS-I, the protein was expressed in bacteria and purified for use as substrate in protein kinase reactions in vitro. Recombinant PHAS-I was rapidly and stoichiometrically phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. At saturating MgATP, the Km and Vmax observed with PHAS-I were almost identical to those obtained with myelin basic protein, one of the best MAP kinase substrates. PHAS-I was also phosphorylated at a significant rate by casein kinase II and protein kinase C. To investigate sites of phosphorylation, PHAS-I was digested with collagenase and phosphopeptides were resolved by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Almost all of the phosphate introduced by MAP kinase was recovered in the peptide, Leu-Met-Glu-Cys-Arg-Asn-Ser-Pro-Val-Ala-Lys-Thr. 32P was released in the seventh cycle of Edman degradation, identifying the Ser (Ser64) as the phosphorylated residue. Ser64 was also phosphorylated in response to insulin in rat adipocytes. We conclude that PHAS-I is a substrate for MAP kinase both in vivo and in vitro. As PHAS-I is one of the most prominent insulin-stimulated phosphoproteins in adipocytes, it may qualify as the major MAP kinase substrate in these cells.
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677
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Hyder SM, Hu C, Needleman DS, Sonoda Y, Wang XY, Baker VV. Improved accuracy in direct automated DNA sequencing of small PCR products by optimizing the template concentration. Biotechniques 1994; 17:478-82. [PMID: 7818900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Data are presented illustrating the optimum concentration range of reverse transcription PCR-generated products under 500 bp for accurate base calling with direct automated DNA sequencing. A 357-bp fragment of the human estrogen receptor, which includes the DNA binding domain of the protein, was used as a representative example of a gene fragment that can be rapidly amplified and sequenced. Using the Taq DNA polymerase dye terminator sequencing protocol and automated sequencing apparatus from Applied BioSystems, 0.1 to 1.0 pmol of PCR product in a 20-microL reaction volume provided > 97% accurate base detection. Concentrations greater or lower than this range increased the number of ambiguous bases due to alterations in the signal-to-noise ratios. This procedure has been successfully utilized with 140-440-bp PCR products within the optimum concentration range. These results show that low amounts of PCR products are necessary and sufficient for direct sequence analysis.
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678
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Hu C, Yang DS, Li X. [Stereoscopic visual evoked potential elicited by static random dot stereogram]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 1994; 30:286-8. [PMID: 7843021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Using 16.56' visual disparity stimulation produced by television random dot stereogram (TVRDS), we recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited from 35 normal subjects with and without breaking their stereopsis and 28 stereoblind subjects. The results showed that a constant negative-positive wave complex was observed in 33 of 35 normal subjects; this negative-positive wave-complex disappeared when the stereopsis was artificially inhibited by a prism and in the stereoblind group, and no VEP wave was elicited in all of the stereoblind patients except in one with paralytic strabismus. The results revealed that under this condition the VEPs elicited by TVRDS were specific VEPs related to visual disparity stimulation and were stereoscopic ones. The TVRDS is an effective electro-physiological means to examine the stereopsis objectively and a new way to approach the occurrence and development of stereopsis.
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679
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Yang W, Ding D, Hu C, Wang R. Group-theoretical derivation of the numbers of independent physical constants of quasicrystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:12656-12661. [PMID: 10010169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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680
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Hu C, Pang S, Kong X, Velleca M, Lawrence JC. Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of PHAS-I, an intracellular target for insulin and growth factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:3730-4. [PMID: 8170978 PMCID: PMC43655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.9.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the actions of insulin and a number of growth factors that signal via protein-tyrosine kinase receptors are believed to involve increased phosphorylation of key intracellular proteins, relatively few of the downstream phosphoproteins have been identified. In this report we describe a cDNA encoding one of the most prominent insulin-stimulated phosphoproteins in rat adipocytes. The cDNA encodes a protein, designated PHAS-I, which has 117 amino acids and a M(r) of 12,400. When translated in vitro and subjected to SDS/PAGE, PHAS-I migrates anomalously, having an apparent M(r) of 21,000. The predicted amino acid composition is interesting in that approximately 45% of the PHAS-I protein is accounted for by only four amino acids--serine, threonine, proline, and glycine. The PHAS-I gene is expressed in a variety of tissues, although the highest levels of mRNA are present in fat and skeletal muscle, two of the most insulin-responsive tissues. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of PHAS-I differ from any that have been reported, and homology screening provided no clues concerning the function of the protein. However, in view of its tissue distribution and the fact that the protein is phosphorylated in response to insulin, we speculate that PHAS-I is important in insulin action.
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681
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Hu C, Jin S, Wang K. The chromatographic behaviour of cephalosporins in gel filtration chromatography, a novel method to separate high molecular weight impurities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1994; 12:533-41. [PMID: 7522584 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(94)80032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between cephalosporins and the dextran matrix of Sephadex gel in gel filtration chromatography has been thoroughly studied. Twelve cephalosporins with specific structures were examined under different chromatographic conditions, including 12 different mobile phases comprising inorganic or organic compounds of different charge or/and density of electrons on their negative ions, different types of Sephadex gel (Sephadex G-10 and Sephadex G-50) and different flow rates. It was found that the more negative the charge or/and density of electrons on the negative ions of buffer components, the more was the adsorption of cephalosporins on the solid phase; this indicated tht the mobile phase played an important rôle in gel filtration chromatography for cephalosporins. By choice of suitable chromatographic conditions, optimum separation of high molecular weight impurities from cephalosporins could be achieved. The novel method could be used as a routine method for the quality control of cephalosporin preparations.
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682
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Hu C, Ding D, Yang W, Wang R. Possible two-dimensional quasicrystal structures with a six-dimensional embedding space. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:9423-9427. [PMID: 10009741 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.9423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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683
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Shu PY, Lin MY, Chang C, Hwang LH, Huang JH, Chang TH, Hu C. Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific cytotoxic T cells in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. J Infect Dis 1994; 169:633-7. [PMID: 7512610 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/169.3.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether there is any evidence of an immune stimulation against hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, proliferative and cytotoxic responses to HBsAg were measured in their peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although the majority of asymptomatic carriers had no proliferative response to HBsAg, 3 (25%) of 12 carriers showed significant T cell proliferation against HBsAg. In addition, using HBsAg-expressing autologous lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) as target cells, HBsAg-specific cytotoxic activity was found in 2 of 3 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers who had a proliferative response against HBsAg. Furthermore, 6 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones were isolated from 1 asymptomatic carrier. The epitope recognized by 2 CTL clones was mapped to the major HBsAg residues 158-172. These CTL clones were able to produce interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These findings demonstrate the presence of HBsAg-specific, major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CTL in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers.
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684
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Hu C, Zhao JL, Zhang QN. [Establishment of a primary eye care network and creation of a cataract-free zone in Shunyi County of Beijing]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 1994; 30:134-7. [PMID: 8001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Based on the epidemiological survey of eye diseases in 1985, a primary eye care network was established in Shunyi County of Beijing in 1987. Cataract surgery was the primary measure for the prevention of blindness, with the aim of creating a cataract-free zone in the county. The activities included (1) establishment of a County Guiding Committee for the prevention of blindness; (2) establishment of a 3-levelled primary eye care network and a referral and monitor system; (3) training of 7 ophthalmologists, 449 eye care workers and 6 optometrists; (4) extensive publicity of knowledge for the prevention of blindness; (5) screening of low vision and blindness in which 815 cataract blind patients were identified; and (6) conducting benefit ophthalmic counselling services. Up to December, 1991, 667 cataract operations were performed, representing 81.84% of the total cataract blind, to meet the qualifications of a cataract-free zone. 90.64% of the blind were restored sight and 59.16% of the blind were able to resume work. Operative infection occurred in none and 97.42% of the operations had no complication.
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685
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Hu C, Lovejoy WS, Shafer SL. An efficient control strategy for dosage regimens. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS 1994; 22:73-94. [PMID: 8027950 DOI: 10.1007/bf02353411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In medical drug therapy, efficient dosage strategies are needed to maintain target drug concentrations. The relationship between the concentration of a drug and the dosages is often described by compartment models in which the parameters are unknown, although prior knowledge may be available and can be updated after blood samples are taken during the therapy. Currently MAP (maximum a posteriori) Bayesian is the most often used control strategy in this setting. We show by simulation in a one-compartment context that the performance of the MAP Bayesian strategy depends on the assumptions in prior distribution of the parameters as well as the cost function. We propose an alternative control strategy, VU, that outperforms and is more robust than the MAP Bayesian strategy in a variety of problem settings.
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686
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Melnick JL, Hu C, Burek J, Adam E, DeBakey ME. Cytomegalovirus DNA in arterial walls of patients with atherosclerosis. J Med Virol 1994; 42:170-4. [PMID: 8158112 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890420213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The biological properties of cytomegalovirus (CMV) are consistent with a potential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The evidence of such a role has so far been circumstantial, but CMV nucleic acid is beginning to be reported with increasing frequency in the arterial wall. Arterial specimens from 135 patients who underwent vascular surgery for symptomatic atherosclerotic vessel disease were analyzed by PCR for the presence of CMV nucleic acid. Samples were studied from the atheromatous plaque area and from uninvolved aortic tissues of patients undergoing surgery for vascular disease. One primer pair (LA) was used for detection of a late gene, and two other primer pairs (E1 and E2) were used for the immediate early gene region. Serum antibody to CMV was measured by radioimmunoassay. With the late gene primer, CMV nucleic acid was found in 76% of the tissue specimens tested, whereas the E2 gene primer complementary to the transforming mtr2 region was reactive in 90% of the arterial samples. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CMV DNA in atherosclerotic plaque tissue and in uninvolved aortic tissue from the patients. A second early gene primer was not reactive with the tissue specimens, although it gave positive results with the positive control of infectious virus. Serum antibody to CMV was detected in 86% of the patients in whose tissue CMV DNA was demonstrated. CMV DNA was detected in a high proportion of atherosclerotic plaque tissues as well as in uninvolved aortic tissue of surgical patients, suggesting that latent CMV infection of the arterial wall may be a common occurrence in patients with atherosclerosis.
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687
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Jin QY, Xu YB, Zhai HR, Hu C, Lu M, Bie QS, Zhai Y, Dunifer GL, Naik R, Ahmad M. Direct evidence of spin polarization oscillations in the Cu layers of Fe/Cu multilayers observed by NMR. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:768-771. [PMID: 10056518 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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688
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Lowry RW, Adam E, Hu C, Kleiman NS, Cocanougher B, Windsor N, Bitar JN, Melnick JL, Young JB. What are the implications of cardiac infection with cytomegalovirus before heart transplantation? J Heart Lung Transplant 1994; 13:122-8. [PMID: 8167117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate prognostic implications of recipient cytomegalovirus infection before heart transplantation, we prospectively followed the clinical outcome of 21 transplant recipients whose explanted hearts (myocardium and coronary arteries) were first examined for the presence of cytomegalovirus DNA with polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, serial endomyocardial biopsy tissue samples obtained from the allograft during routine evaluation for rejection were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for both an immediate early and late cytomegalovirus gene region of cytomegalovirus DNA. Humoral cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G antibodies were also measured by radioimmunoassay. Both early and late antigens were present in 14 of 21 (67%) explants from patients with (12 of 15 explants) and without (2 of 6 explants) pretransplant cytomegalovirus antibodies. Although the presence of both early and late antigens was uncommon in allografts the first week after transplantation (5 of 20 allografts, 25%), their presence significantly increased at 1 month (14 of 21 allografts, 67%) and 2 to 3 months (13 of 17 allografts, 77%) regardless of pretransplantation cytomegalovirus antibody status. The presence of both early and late antigens in explant tissue strongly predicted allograft virus status during the follow-up periods. Of five patients in whom clinical cytomegalovirus disease subsequently developed, all had explants positive for both early and late antigens, and all allografts were positive for early and late antigens within 1 month after transplantation. These are the first prospective data to correlate pretransplantation serum antibodies and explant polymerase chain reaction status with the development of future allograft infections and overall clinical outcome.
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689
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Hu C, Baker T. The liquid volume control in the ISM process applied to the AlFe system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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690
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Zeng S, Hu C, Wei H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Yun G, Zou W, Song B. Intravitreal pharmacokinetics of liposome-encapsulated amikacin in a rabbit model. Ophthalmology 1993; 100:1640-4. [PMID: 8233389 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(93)31423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravitreal injection of antibiotics has become a standard therapy for bacterial endophthalmitis. The duration of effective antimicrobial levels in the vitreous after single injection, however, may not be long enough to get optimal response. The authors prepared liposome-encapsulated amikacin for prolonging the duration of intravitreal therapeutic concentrations and investigated the intravitreal pharmacokinetics of the liposomes and amikacin in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) as control. METHODS The liposome-encapsulated amikacin was prepared by reverse-phase evaporation method. The intravitreal pharmacokinetics of the liposomes was compared with amikacin in PBS by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Albino rabbits were randomly distributed into 12 groups. Rabbits in groups 1 to 6 and in groups I to VI (control groups) received an intravitreal injection of the liposome-encapsulated amikacin and amikacin in PBS, respectively. RESULTS The encapsulation rate of amikacin was 91%. The time of 50% spontaneous degradation (half-life) of the liposomes in PBS (38 degrees C, pH 7.4) was 47.6 days, and the time of 50% release (half-life) of the drug from the liposomes in PBS was 84.8 hours. The vitreous amikacin concentrations in groups 1 to 6 were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those in control groups I to VI in every time interval, except in groups 1 to 3 at 1 hour after injection. The difference was particularly obvious in the endophthalmitis groups. The clearance of encapsulated amikacin in vitreous appeared to be related to the state of blood-ocular barrier and to the structural integrity of vitreous. The distribution, the absorption, and the elimination of encapsulated amikacin in vitreous showed the first-order kinetics. CONCLUSION The liposome-encapsulated amikacin prolonged half-life of the drug in vitreous. The results of the pharmacokinetic analysis suggested that in endophthalmitis, especially in severe cases, the liposomes may be preferable to conventional preparation.
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691
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Abstract
A simple technique for blood collection in pigs of body weight 15-40 kg is described. The subcutaneous abdominal vein was used for rapid collection of 5-20 ml of blood samples. The animals were premedicated with 10 mg/kg of ketamine and 600 micrograms of atropine given intramuscularly prior to blood collection.
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692
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Yang W, Wang R, Ding D, Hu C. Linear elasticity theory of cubic quasicrystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:6999-7002. [PMID: 10006867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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693
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Ding D, Yang W, Hu C, Wang R. Generalized elasticity theory of quasicrystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:7003-7010. [PMID: 10006868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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694
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Ideguchi T, Hu C, Kim BH, Nishise H, Yamashita J, Kakuno T. An open reading frame in the Rhodospirillum rubrum plasmid, pKY1, similar to algA, encoding the bifunctional enzyme phosphomannose isomerase-guanosine diphospho-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (PMI-GMP). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1172:329-31. [PMID: 8383539 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of a BglII fragment (3188 bp) from the plasmid pKY1 of Rhodospirillum rubrum was determined. A significant similarity was found between the amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequence of BglII fragment with that of algA, encoding the bifunctional enzyme with both the activities of phosphomannose isomerase and guanosine diphospho-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Abstract
Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (VRN) is a familial disorder characterised by a generalized neuroectodermal dysplasia--symptomatic involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is rare. We report on our experience with two children who had proven gastrointestinal neurofibromas and highlight the need for careful assessment in children with VRN who develop abdominal pain.
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696
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697
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Zhou L, Hu C, Yuan G, Xu W, Chen J, Lai L. [Radioimmunoassay of serum and CSF myelin basic protein and its application to patients with acute cerebrovascular accident]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 1992; 23:362-6. [PMID: 1284792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) was measured in the serum and CSF of patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (CVD, 34 cases), demyelinating disorders (DMD, 30 cases) and other neurological diseases (OND, 26 cases) by using a double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). Patients with acute CVD had a mean serum MBP concentration and positivity rate much higher than those with DMD and OND. The differences were significant (P < 0.05). In CSF, MBP levels in patients with acute CVD and patients with DMD were significantly greater than those in OND patients (P < 0.05). The results also show that there was a linear relationship between the CSF MBP levels and the serum MBP levels in patients with acute CVD (r = 0.72, P < 0.01), but no such relationship in patients with DMD and OND. The amount of serum MBP was also significantly correlated to the severity of acute CVD, to the level of consciousness disorder and limb paralysis, and to the extent and site of the cerebral lesion at CT-scan (P < 0.05). This study shows that the measurement of brain specific MBP in serum as a marker of cerebral damage may have clinical value in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with CVD.
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698
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Hu C. Prevention of blindness in China. Chin Med J (Engl) 1992; 105:695-8. [PMID: 1458974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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699
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Shulman S, Hu C. A study of the detection of sperm antibody in cervical mucus with a modified immunobead method. Fertil Steril 1992; 58:387-91. [PMID: 1633907 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a new immunobead binding test (IBT) procedure that will detect sperm antibody in cervical mucus (CM), especially in very small samples of mucus. DESIGN After the interaction of donor sperm with bromelin-dissolved CM, the motile sperm cells were separated from other cells and debris and then tested with a standard immunobead method. SETTING The CM and serum samples were obtained from a sequence of referred patients who were sent to this testing laboratory. PATIENTS There were 60 women who provided 64 samples of CM and 41 samples of blood serum. They were partners in infertile couples. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE A useful distinction was made between positive and negative results for the mucus samples by this CM-IBT procedure. The usable samples of mucus could be as little as 0.05 g (wet weight). RESULTS From the 60 women, seven mucus samples were positive; in the repeated testing, the same results were obtained with five of the six positive samples and seven of seven negative samples. CONCLUSION This method (CM-IBT) can be clinically useful for detecting sperm antibody in CM, especially because it is effective for tiny samples. In this method, the motile sperm cells are better separated from the debris after the incubation step. When the IBT was applied to the serum samples from the same women, there was no correlation between serum-IBT and CM-IBT, showing that both materials must be tested.
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700
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Chin SA, Hu C. Analytic wave functions for understanding the spectrum of the three-anyon problem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:229-232. [PMID: 10046620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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