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Wong M, Rawlins S. Guide to safe prescribing. CLINICAL EXCELLENCE FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NPACE 2000; 4:133-7. [PMID: 11271114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we examine the common errors in prescribing medications and analyze the steps clinicians can take to develop and maintain good prescribing habits. Advanced practice nurses are encouraged to develop a personal formulary by using reliable resources and to use this formulary to write error-free prescriptions.
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Licata AA, Ciaccia AV, Wong M, Draper MW. Raloxifene: a new choice for treating and preventing osteoporosis. Cleve Clin J Med 2000; 67:273-80. [PMID: 10780099 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.67.4.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a new class of drugs that provide a new option for addressing the health challenges of postmenopausal women. This review discusses the proposed mechanism of action of SERMs and describes clinical findings on raloxifene, a SERM now available for treating and preventing osteoporosis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclosporine (CSA) toxicity represents a common cause of seizures in transplant patients, but the specific mechanisms by which CSA induces seizures are unknown. Although CSA may promote seizure activity by various metabolic, toxic, vascular, or structural mechanisms, CSA also has been hypothesized to modulate neuronal excitability directly. The objective of this study was to determine if CSA exerts direct epileptogenic actions on neurons in an in vitro seizure model. METHODS Combined hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slices from juvenile rats were exposed directly to artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) containing either (a) 1.0 mM magnesium sulfate (control), (b) 1.0 mM sodium sulfate (low-magnesium), or (c) 1.0 mM magnesium sulfate + CSA (1,000-10,000 ng/ml). Spontaneous and evoked extracellular field potentials were recorded simultaneously from the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 hippocampal regions. Evoked synaptic responses were elicited by stimulation of the entorhinal cortex/perforant pathway. RESULTS CSA elicited spontaneous or stimulation-induced epileptiform activity in the DG or CA3 region of approximately 40% of slices, consisting of brief repetitive "interictal" discharges or prolonged stereotypical "ictal" discharges. Mean latency to epileptiform activity was approximately 100 min after onset of CSA application. The interictal discharges were inhibited by the non-NMDA antagonist, NBQX. Similar epileptiform activity was observed in low-magnesium ACSF without CSA. In control ACSF alone, epileptiform activity was not seen, except for rare spontaneous potentials in the DG. CONCLUSIONS Direct effects of CSA on neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission may contribute to seizures seen in clinical CSA neurotoxicity.
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Wong M, Germanson T, Taylor WR, Cohen IS, Perry G, Baruch L, Deedwania P, Lopez B, Cohn JN. Felodipine improves left ventricular emptying in patients with chronic heart failure: V-HeFT III echocardiographic substudy of multicenter reproducibility and detecting functional change. J Card Fail 2000; 6:19-28. [PMID: 10746815 DOI: 10.1016/s1071-9164(00)00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The echocardiographic substudy of the Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trial III (V-HeFT III) aimed to determine if felodipine treatment in patients with heart failure who were taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor had a favorable effect on left ventricular (LV) structure and function. Earlier V-HeFT trials showed that hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate improved ejection fraction (EF) and survival, whereas enalapril achieved greater survival with smaller increases in EF. Would the combination of a potent vasodilator and enalapril produce greater improvements in function and survival? METHODS AND RESULTS Doppler-echocardiographic data were collected from 260 males with heart failure who were randomized to felodipine or a placebo. Mean intrasubject differences between baseline, at 3 months, and at 12 months were compared. Intersite and intrareader reproducibilities were measured from duplicate recordings and readings. At 3 months, no changes in ultrasound variables from baseline occurred in either group. At 12 months, felodipine patients achieved greater increases in EF, shortening of LV end-systolic length, and increases in stroke volume index. Reproducibility coefficients of variation were 7.4% (EF), 6.0% (end-diastolic length), and 13.0% (stroke volume index). CONCLUSIONS The echocardiographic substudy showed that felodipine, added to heart failure therapy, increased EF, shortened end-systolic length, and increased stroke volume index. The changes were small and confirmed that reproducibility from multiple laboratories can be coordinated into a useful research tool.
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Mikic B, Johnson TL, Chhabra AB, Schalet BJ, Wong M, Hunziker EB. Differential effects of embryonic immobilization on the development of fibrocartilaginous skeletal elements. JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2000; 37:127-33. [PMID: 10850818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The importance of mechanical influences during skeletal development has been well established in both experimental studies and computer models. Under conditions of embryonic immobilization, it has been observed that the early stages of joint formation proceed normally (up to and including interzone formation), but the later stages of joint cavitation and maintenance are impaired, resulting in fusion of the cartilaginous elements across the presumptive joint line. Two structures in particular are noticeably absent from late-stage synovial joints in immobilized chick embryos: the menisci of the tibiofemoral joint and the plantar tarsal sesamoid of the tibiotarsal joint. Both of these fibrocartilaginous structures are known to serve mechanical functions in postnatal animals, helping to distribute loads within the joint and, in the case of sesamoid structures, to provide a mechanical advantage to muscles acting across the joint. We demonstrate in this study that embryonic immobilization differentially affects the developmental fate of these two distinct fibrocartilages. The absence of the plantar tarsal sesamoid in late-stage immobilized embryos is due to a failure in the initial formation of this structure. In contrast, the early stages of meniscus formation proceed normally. Without the normal mechanical stimuli of skeletal muscle contractions, however, the meniscus fails to mature and ultimately degenerates.
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Thio LL, Wong M, Yamada KA. Ketone bodies do not directly alter excitatory or inhibitory hippocampal synaptic transmission. Neurology 2000; 54:325-31. [PMID: 10668691 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.54.2.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of the ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB) and acetoacetate (AA) on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the mammalian CNS. BACKGROUND The ketogenic diet is presumed to be an effective anticonvulsant regimen for some children with medically intractable seizures. However, its mechanism of action remains a mystery. According to one hypothesis, ketone bodies have anticonvulsant properties. METHODS The authors examined the effect of betaHB and AA on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slices and cultured hippocampal neurons. In cultured neurons, their effect was also directly assayed on postsynaptic receptor properties. Finally, their ability to prevent spontaneous seizures was determined in a hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slice model. RESULTS betaHB and AA did not alter synaptic transmission in these models. CONCLUSIONS The anticonvulsant properties of the ketogenic diet do not result from a direct effect of ketone bodies on the primary voltage and ligand gated ion channels mediating excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission in the hippocampus.
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Wong M, Day NE. Validation studies in epidemiology: the relative precision of different designs. JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS 2000; 5:331-7. [PMID: 11234737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In epidemiological studies, estimation of disease exposure associations will be biased if the exposure is measured with error. In previous papers, we considered the validity of an estimator of the correction factor under a variety of assumptions. In particular, in both univariate and bivariate cases, we considered the error in estimating the correction factor induced by incorrect assumptions on the independent errors of repeated measures, or of different types of measures. METHOD We concentrate our discussion in this paper on the optimal design of the validation study based on the asymptotic variance of the estimate of the correction factor. Only the univariate situation is considered. We also present an example to illustrate the importance of suitable design. RESULTS The value of a good biomarker is demonstrated again.
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Gottschalk A, Basila D, Wong M, Dean N, Stokoe D, Haas-Kogan D. The molecular mechanism of the PTEN-induced G1 growth arrest. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)80375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Toomes C, James J, Wood AJ, Wu CL, McCormick D, Lench N, Hewitt C, Moynihan L, Roberts E, Woods CG, Markham A, Wong M, Widmer R, Ghaffar KA, Pemberton M, Hussein IR, Temtamy SA, Davies R, Read AP, Sloan P, Dixon MJ, Thakker NS. Loss-of-function mutations in the cathepsin C gene result in periodontal disease and palmoplantar keratosis. Nat Genet 1999; 23:421-4. [PMID: 10581027 DOI: 10.1038/70525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, or keratosis palmoplantaris with periodontopathia (PLS, MIM 245000), is an autosomal recessive disorder that is mainly ascertained by dentists because of the severe periodontitis that afflicts patients. Both the deciduous and permanent dentitions are affected, resulting in premature tooth loss. Palmoplantar keratosis, varying from mild psoriasiform scaly skin to overt hyperkeratosis, typically develops within the first three years of life. Keratosis also affects other sites such as elbows and knees. Most PLS patients display both periodontitis and hyperkeratosis. Some patients have only palmoplantar keratosis or periodontitis, and in rare individuals the periodontitis is mild and of late onset. The PLS locus has been mapped to chromosome 11q14-q21 (refs 7, 8, 9). Using homozygosity mapping in eight small consanguineous families, we have narrowed the candidate region to a 1.2-cM interval between D11S4082 and D11S931. The gene (CTSC) encoding the lysosomal protease cathepsin C (or dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I) lies within this interval. We defined the genomic structure of CTSC and found mutations in all eight families. In two of these families we used a functional assay to demonstrate an almost total loss of cathepsin C activity in PLS patients and reduced activity in obligate carriers.
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Cline AD, Wong M. New frontiers in using telemedicine for nutrition intervention. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 1999; 99:1442-3. [PMID: 10570684 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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362
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Wong M, Mallory GB, Goldstein J, Goyal M, Yamada KA. Neurologic complications of pediatric lung transplantation. Neurology 1999; 53:1542-9. [PMID: 10534265 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.53.7.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report neurologic complications in a large population of pediatric lung transplantation patients. METHODS A retrospective review of the first 135 patients to undergo lung transplantation at St. Louis Children's Hospital from July 1990 to December 1997. RESULTS Sixty-one (45%) patients had neurologic complications. The most common presenting symptoms were seizures (27%), followed by encephalopathy, headache, depression, and focal neurologic deficits. Cyclosporine toxicity (7%) and hypoxia-ischemia (7%) constituted the most commonly identified etiologies, followed by stroke, metabolic, and infectious causes. Risk factor analysis found that patients with interstitial lung disease had a higher frequency of hypoxic-ischemic events and patients with seizures had significantly elevated trough cyclosporine levels. Patients with stroke and hypoxia had a poor neurologic prognosis, whereas patients with cyclosporine toxicity uniformly had a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS Neurologic complications occur frequently after lung transplantation in pediatric patients, with seizures being the most common presenting symptom. Except in patients with stroke and hypoxia, prognosis is generally favorable. Seizures not accompanied by an irreversible structural etiology are unlikely to require long-term treatment with antiepileptic medications. Cyclosporine neurotoxicity typically resolves without requiring discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy.
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Seboun E, Oksenberg JR, Rombos A, Usuku K, Goodkin DE, Lincoln RR, Wong M, Pham-Dinh D, Boesplug-Tanguy O, Carsique R, Fitoussi R, Gartioux C, Reyes C, Ribierre F, Faure S, Fizames C, Gyapay G, Weissenbach J, Dautigny A, Rimmler JB, Garcia ME, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Hauser SL. Linkage analysis of candidate myelin genes in familial multiple sclerosis. Neurogenetics 1999; 2:155-62. [PMID: 10541588 DOI: 10.1007/s100480050076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. A complex genetic etiology is thought to underlie susceptibility to this disease. The present study was designed to analyze whether differences in genes that encode myelin proteins influence susceptibility to MS. We performed linkage analysis of MS to markers in chromosomal regions that include the genes encoding myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMGP), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in a well-characterized population of 65 multiplex MS families consisting of 399 total individuals, 169 affected with MS and 102 affected sibpairs. Physical mapping data permitted placement of MAG and PLP genes on the Genethon genetic map; all other genes were mapped on the Genethon genetic map by linkage analysis. For each gene, at least one marker within the gene and/or two tightly linked flanking markers were analyzed. Marker data analysis employed a combination of genetic trait model-dependent (parametric) and model-independent linkage methods. Results indicate that MAG, MBP, OMGP, and PLP genes do not have a significant genetic effect on susceptibility to MS in this population. As MOG resides within the MHC, a potential role of the MOG gene could not be excluded.
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Amin J, Wong M. Measles-mumps-rubella immunisation, autism and inflammatory bowel disease: update. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 1999; 23:222. [PMID: 10497836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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365
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Wong M, Siegrist M, Cao X. Cyclic compression of articular cartilage explants is associated with progressive consolidation and altered expression pattern of extracellular matrix proteins. Matrix Biol 1999; 18:391-9. [PMID: 10517186 DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(99)00029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the biosynthetic response of full thickness, adult bovine articular cartilage explants to 45 h of static and cyclic unconfined compression. The cyclic compression of articular cartilage resulted in a progressive consolidation of the cartilage matrix. The oscillatory loading increased protein synthesis ([35S]methionine incorporation) by as much as 50% above free swelling control values, but had an inhibitory influence on proteoglycan synthesis ([35SO4] incorporation). As expected, static compression was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in biosynthetic activity. ECM oligomeric proteins which were most affected by mechanical loading were fibronectin and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Static compression at all amplitudes caused a significant increase in fibronectin synthesis over free swelling control levels. Cyclic compression of articular cartilage at 0.1 Hz and higher was consistently associated with a dramatic increase in the synthesis of COMP as well as fibronectin. The biosynthetic activity of chondrocytes appears to be sensitive to both the frequency and amplitude of the applied load. The results of this study support the hypothesis that cartilage tissue can remodel its extracellular matrix in response to alterations in functional demand.
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Chin L, Tam A, Pomerantz J, Wong M, Holash J, Bardeesy N, Shen Q, O'Hagan R, Pantginis J, Zhou H, Horner JW, Cordon-Cardo C, Yancopoulos GD, DePinho RA. Essential role for oncogenic Ras in tumour maintenance. Nature 1999; 400:468-72. [PMID: 10440378 DOI: 10.1038/22788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced malignancy in tumours represents the phenotypic endpoint of successive genetic lesions that affect the function and regulation of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. The established tumour is maintained through complex and poorly understood host-tumour interactions that guide processes such as angiogenesis and immune sequestration. The many different genetic alterations that accompany tumour genesis raise questions as to whether experimental cancer-promoting mutations remain relevant during tumour maintenance. Here we show that melanoma genesis and maintenance are strictly dependent upon expression of H-RasV12G in a doxycycline-inducible H-Ras12G mouse melanoma model null for the tumour suppressor INK4a. Withdrawal of doxycycline and H-RasV12G down-regulation resulted in clinical and histological regression of primary and explanted tumours. The initial stages of regression involved marked apoptosis in the tumour cells and host-derived endothelial cells. Although the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was found to be Ras-dependent in vitro, the failure of persistent endogenous and enforced VEGF expression to sustain tumour viability indicates that the tumour-maintaining actions of activated Ras extend beyond the regulation of VEGF expression in vivo. Our results provide genetic evidence that H-RasV12G is important in both the genesis and maintenance of solid tumours.
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Buschmann MD, Kim YJ, Wong M, Frank E, Hunziker EB, Grodzinsky AJ. Stimulation of aggrecan synthesis in cartilage explants by cyclic loading is localized to regions of high interstitial fluid flow. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 366:1-7. [PMID: 10334856 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis in cartilage development and repair and cartilage degeneration in arthritis can be regulated by mechanical-load-induced physical factors such as tissue deformation, interstitial fluid flow and pressure, and electrical fields or streaming potentials. Previous animal and tissue explant studies have shown that time-varying dynamic tissue loading can increase the synthesis and deposition of matrix molecules in an amplitude-, frequency-, and spatially dependent manner. To provide information on the cell-level physical factors which may stimulate chondrocytes to increase production and export of aggrecan, the main proteoglycan component of the cartilage matrix, we characterized local changes in aggrecan synthesis within cyclically loaded tissue explant disks and compared those changes to values of predicted local physical factors. Aggrecan synthesis following a 23-h compression/radiolabel protocol was measured with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.1 mm across the 1.5-mm radius of explanted disks using a quantitative autoradiography method. A uniform stimulation of aggrecan synthesis was observed at an intermediate frequency of 0.01 Hz, while, at a higher frequency of 0.1 Hz, stimulation was only seen at peripheral radial positions. Profiles of radial solid matrix deformation and interstitial fluid pressure and velocity predicted to be occurring across the radius of the disk during sinusoidal loading were estimated using a composite poroelastic model. Tissue regions experiencing high interstitial fluid velocities corresponded to those displaying increased aggrecan synthesis. These results reinforce the role of load-induced flow of interstitial fluid in the stimulation of aggrecan production during dynamic loading of cartilage.
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Raina P, Dukeshire S, Wong M, Scanlan A, Chambers L, Lindsay J. Patterns of self-reported health care use in injured and uninjured older adults. Age Ageing 1999; 28:316-8. [PMID: 10475871 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/28.3.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
METHOD Using cross-sectional data obtained from the 1994 National Population Health Survey, we have compared self-reported health-care use between injured and non-injured older adults. RESULTS Over 12 months, 9% of non-institutionalized people over 65 reported an injury. The commonest injuries were sprains or strains and fractures and half of these were caused by a fall. Older people sustaining injuries are more likely to spend a night in hospital and receive physiotherapy.
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369
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Garbe J, Wong M, Wigington D, Yaswen P, Stampfer MR. Viral oncogenes accelerate conversion to immortality of cultured conditionally immortal human mammary epithelial cells. Oncogene 1999; 18:2169-80. [PMID: 10327063 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies on the process of immortalization of cultured human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) have uncovered a previously undescribed, apparently epigenetic step, termed conversion. When first isolated, clonally derived HMEC lines of indefinite lifespan showed little or no telomerase activity or ability to maintain growth in the presence of TGFbeta. Cell populations whose mean terminal restriction fragment length had declined to <3 kb also exhibited slow heterogeneous growth, and contained many non-proliferative cells. With continued passage, these conditionally immortal cell populations very gradually converted to a fully immortal phenotype of good growth+/-TGFbeta, expression of high levels of telomerase activity, and stabilization of telomere length. We now show that exposure of the early passage conditionally immortal 184A1 HMEC line to the viral oncogenes human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-E6, -E7, or SV40T, results in either immediate (E6) or rapid (E7; SV40T) conversion of these telomerase negative, TGFbeta sensitive conditionally immortal cells to the fully immortal phenotype. Unlike conditional immortal 184A1, the HPV16-E7 and SV40T exposed cells were able to maintain growth in TGFbeta prior to expression of high levels of telomerase activity. A mutated HPV16-E6 oncogene, unable to inactivate p53, was still capable of rapidly converting conditional immortal 184A1. Our studies provide further evidence that the transforming potential of these viral oncogenes may involve activities beyond their inactivation of p53 and pRB functions. These additional activities may greatly accelerate a step in HMEC immortal transformation, conversion, that would be rate-limiting in the absence of viral oncogene exposure.
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Ober J, Wong M, Richard M, Hodson M, Reynolds L, Edmond M. Infection control drills: Are they needed? Am J Infect Control 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0196-6553(99)80139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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371
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Luo X, Ikeda Y, Lala D, Rice D, Wong M, Parker KL. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is essential for endocrine development and function. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1999; 69:13-8. [PMID: 10418976 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(98)00146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), an orphan nuclear receptor, initially was isolated as a key regulator of the tissue-specific expression of the cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylases. Thereafter, analyses of sites of SF-1 expression during mouse embryological development hinted at considerably expanded roles for SF-1, roles that were strikingly confirmed through the analyses of SF-1 knockout mice. These SF-1 knockout mice exhibited adrenal and gonadal agenesis, associated with male-to-female sex reversal of their internal and external genitalia and death from adrenocortical insufficiency. These findings showed unequivocally that SF-1 is essential for the embryonic survival of the primary steroidogenic organs. SF-1 knockout mice also had impaired pituitary expression of gonadotropins and agenesis of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), establishing that SF-1 regulates reproductive function at all three levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis. This article reviews the experiments that have defined these essential roles of SF-1 in endocrine development and highlights important areas for future studies.
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Ober J, Wong M, Hodson M, Reynolds L, Franchi D, Hall G, Richard M, Edmond M. A multifaceted approach to control endemic vancomycin-resistant enterococci in critical care units. Am J Infect Control 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0196-6553(99)80037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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373
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Abstract
By taking advantage of network-based computing and the recent developments in Web interfaces, centralized research facilities housing specialized and unique imaging instruments along with associated high-performance computing can be made available to researchers for use from their own laboratories. In addition to increasing access and utilization of these facilities, operation over the Internet is expected to enhance research by facilitating collaboration between researchers. We describe the implementation of a platform-independent Web-based system written in Java that supplements automated functions with video-guided interactive, collaborative remote control and data acquisition from an intermediate-high-voltage electron microscope.
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Reynolds L, Ober J, Craven H, Richard M, Wong M, Edmond M. Meeting the challenge: Providing a high-quality annual mass education event. Am J Infect Control 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0196-6553(99)80140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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375
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Abstract
A 20-month-old male presented with an acute clinical syndrome resembling poliomyelitis, characterized by a flaccid monoplegia, areflexia of the involved limb, and preserved sensation. Electrophysiologic studies supported a neuronopathic localization involving the anterior horn cells. Although laboratory evidence for a poliovirus infection was absent, serologic and polymerase chain reaction studies documented an active central nervous system infection with Epstein-Barr virus, indicating that a poliomyelitis-like syndrome may be produced by infectious agents other than enteroviruses.
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