Extensive spinal epidural hemorrhage associated with von Willebrand's disease--a case report

We have experienced a case of spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage associated with von Willebrand's disease. The patient was repeatedly attacked by bleeding of the urinary tract, intramuscular hemorrhage of the right thigh in spite of the administration of AHF. She had a complication of pneumonia and died on the 94th day of hospitalization. The autopsy revealed extensive spinal epidural hemorrhage from the lower part of the first cervical to the 11th thoracic vertebrae. Because of its rarity in previous literature, this case is presented.

Human blood T lymphocytes that suppress the mixed leukocyte culture reactivity of lymphocytes from HLA-B14 bearing individuals

A nontransfused male patient with recurrent bladder carcinomata has been demonstrated to have blood T lymphocytes that suppress the MLC responsiveness of lymphocytes only from normal individuals positive for HLA-B14. Unexpectedly, this T-suppressor cell differs from three other reported blood T-suppressor cells arising in man in that it apparently does not require HLA-D locus compatibility between the suppressor cell and the lymphocyte being suppressed.

Factors that affect the results of microcytotoxicity testing in man

A great number of variables affect the pattern of test results obtained in studies of cell-mediated cytotoxicity of blood lymphocytes for tumor cells in vitro. The classic microcytotoxicity test measures both cell destruction and effects on cell growth. Microcytotoxicity tests in which isotopically prelabeled target cells are used measure primarily cell destruction. The method of preparation of effector cells from human blood can greatly influence results of such tests. Perhaps the most clear-cut example of this influence is the effect of Tris--NH4Cl treatment of effector cells to lyse contaminating red blood cells. This treatment inactivates the lytic function of certain effector cell types. In addition, a major consideration that must be kept in mind is the difference in patients under study by different groups of investigators.

Changes in polymorphic gene frequencies in strains of chickens selected for resistance to Marek's disease

Resistance to Marek's disease (MD) was selected over five generations in three strains and their four substrains. 2. MD mortality decreased consistently on natural exposure, but in birds artificially inoculated the mortality increased again in later generations. 3. Changes of gene frequencies at five polymorphic loci--blood group A, B and D, plasma esterase and alkaline phosphatase loci--were examined. 4. The frequencies of blood group A6 and B8 alleles showed a consistent trend of increase and the B11 allele gradually decreased in most strains. The Akp allele of alkaline phosphatase increased significantly in two of seven strains. 5. Comparisons of homozygotes and heterozygotes revealed a significant difference only at the A locus.

The psychological development of orphanage-reared infants: interventions with outcomes (Tehran)

This paper describes five successive interventions in the rearing of infants at an orphanage in Tehran, with their outcomes. The outcomes were assessed longitudinally. The first of the successive groups, here called "waves", numbered 15. These Ss constitute the controls. The only intervention consisted of examining the infants every other week during the first year and every fourth week thereafter with the ordinal, sensorimotor scales of Uzgiris and Hunt. The audio-visual intervention intended for the second wave of 10 infants was tape-recorded mother talk and music under the control of the infants and mobiles that the infants could activate. This plan was never adequately implemented because of inadequate supervision. The third wave of 10 infants got extra untutored human care. The fourth wave of 20 infants got the kind of audio-visual intervention originally intended for the second wave plus access to responsive inanimate materials. For the fifth wave, numbering 11, the infant-caretaker ratio was reduced to two or three to one and the caretakers were taught the Badger program supplemented with procedures to foster vocal imitation and semantic mastery of body parts, clothing, toys, and other objects and events regularly encountered. The results show that each successive wave, excepting the second, achieved the top steps of nearly all seven of the ordinal scales at mean ages younger than the preceding wave, and the fifth wave surpassed even home-reared American children from predominantly professional families in achieving the top steps on five of the seven scales. The findings show that infants need not advance along all branches simultaneously and that the kinds of experience encountered determine the branch along which advancement occurs. A number of theoretical implications are examined. Especially important is the idea that a dependable educational psychology for infancy and early childhood calls for much more knowledge than we now have of the kinds of experience that advance development along each of the various branches.

High levels of free fatty acids and their esters in lymphoid cells resistant to cortisone or cyclophosphamide

The lymphoid cells from thymus, spleen or mesenteric lymph node of mice treated with hydrocortisone or cyclophosphamide contained the significantly high levels of free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters as compared to the corresponding cells from untreated animals.

Change in levels of cholesterol and free fatty acids of lymphoid cells during tumor growth

Growth of Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma in mice resulted in increase of free cholesterol and free fatty acids in lymphoid cells from thymus, spleen and cervical lymph node, but decrease of these lipids in the cells from mesenteric lymph node.

The total amino acid content of fossil pecten shells

Amino acid analyses have been made of the insoluble protein, soluble peptide, and free amino acid fractions isolated from a series of fossil pecten shells of ages from the Pleistocene through the Jurassic. The total amino acid content declines progressively with age of the fossil but, in contrast to oyster shells, only a small fraction of the initial protein is present in the Pleistocene and older specimens. Though the thermally less stable acids are depleted in the free acid fraction, this is not true for the insoluble proteins and peptides. Large amounts of free amino acids and peptides persist through the Pliocene, considerable quantities of peptide have been recovered from the Miocene specimens, and even the oldest fossils have retained analyzable amounts of all three fractions.

Monitoring cerebral blood flow and oxygen, glucose, lactate and ammonia metabolism

New application of methods for monitoring cerebral blood flow and cerebral arteriovenous oxygen, glucose, lactate and ammonia differences are described. Results of trials of their validity in monkeys during experimental procedures are described. The apparatus includes infrared gas analyzers for monitoring arteriovenous differences after diffusion of nitrous oxide through silastic, electromagnetic flowmeters for monitoring cerebral venous outflow, the Technicon apparatus for measuring arteriovenous differences for lactate, glucose and ammonia, and the Guyton analyzer for monitoring cerebral arteriovenous oxygen differences. Cerebral blood flow in the monkey measured by the nitrous oxide method was 61 ml/100 g brain per min, cerebral oxygen consumption was 2.8 to 3.35 ml/100 g brain per min, cerebral glucose consumption was 3.52 mg/100 g brain per min, cerebral arteriovenous lactate difference was 1.1 mg/100 ml, cerebral arteriovenous ammonia difference was 2 mg/100 ml. Inhalation of 100% oxygen, 5% CO 2 in air, 20% CO 2 in air and hyperventilation caused no change in cerebral oxygen, glucose, lactate, and ammonia metabolism. During anoxic anoxia, cerebral glucose consumption increased and cerebral oxygen consumption decreased significantly. During seizures, cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen increased. No important changes in ammonia metabolism were noted. It was concluded that it is feasible to apply these methods concurrently in patients with cerebrovascular disease before and after therapeutic trials.

Monitoring cerebral blood flow, oxygen, and glucose metabolism. Analysis of cerebral metabolic disorder in stroke and some therapeutic trials in human volunteers

More accurate methods for monitoring cerebral blood flow, oxygen, and glucose metabolism with results of their application in human volunteers are described.

Subjects with various types of cerebral vascular disease showed decreased cerebral blood flow and oxygen and glucose metabolism but anaerobic glycolysis appeared to be increased. Inhalation of 100% oxygen decreased anaerobic glycolysis, and mixtures of oxygen, 5% CO 2 plus oxygen, 5% CO 2 plus air, and hyperventilation all showed that cerebral vascular reactivity is reduced in cerebrovascular disease. Nevertheless, inhalation of 5% mixtures of CO 2 in air or oxygen significantly increased cerebral blood flow. Inhalation of 5% CO 2 plus oxygen significantly increased cerebral oxygen consumption in cerebrovascular disease within 10 minutes of its institution. The depression of cerebral glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption appears to be amenable to rapid improvement in some subjects with stroke. Intravenous administration of nylidrin hydrochloride decreased cerebral vascular resistance but did not increase cerebral blood flow or metabolism, presumably by autoregulation. Intravenous injection of 100 ml of low molecular-weight dextran increased cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption but not to the level of statistical significance. A case of brain-stem ischemia showed a large increase of cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and glucose consumption after surgical reconstruction of the left vertebral artery accompanied by clinical recovery.