4151
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Tamimi N, Anderson BD, Baldwin AR, Chittrakarn T, Elaasar M, Madey R, Manley DM, Mostajabodda'vati M, Watson JW, Zhang W, Carr JA, Foster CC. Isovector stretched-state excitations in the 20Ne, 24Mg, 28Si, and 32S(p,n) reactions at 136 MeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 45:1005-1016. [PMID: 9967851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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4152
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Wen YM, Zhang W, Xu YY, Luo YF, Li PY. Elimination of immune tolerance to hepatitis virus in an animal model. Chin Med J (Engl) 1992; 105:199-203. [PMID: 1395838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Four-day old ducklings were infected with duck hepatitis B virus to simulate perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus. Immune tolerance was characterized as persistent viremia, antigenemia, without detection of anti-DHBs or anti-DHBc. A synthetic peptide, P125-146, mimicking one of the epitopes of the native DHBV Pre-S protein was used to cross-link to tetanus toxoid or phytohemagglutinin. These 'novel' antigens were used to immunize immune tolerant ducks, aimed at bypassing T cell tolerance. After 5 injections, though no anti-DHBV Pre-S was detected, around 50% of the immunized ducks showed seroconversion to DHBV DNA negative.
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4153
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Zhang W. [The toxic effect of antimyocardial antibody on myocardial cell]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 1992; 20:7-9. [PMID: 1396102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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4154
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Wang G, Zhang W, Jacklin C, Freedman D, Eppstein L, Kadouri A. Modified CelliGen-packed bed bioreactors for hybridoma cell cultures. Cytotechnology 1992; 9:41-9. [PMID: 1369180 DOI: 10.1007/bf02521730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes two packed bed bioreactor configurations which were used to culture a mouse-mouse hybridoma cell line (ATCC HB-57) which produces an IgG1 monoclonal antibody. The first configuration consists of a packed column which is continuously perfused by recirculating oxygenated media through the column. In the second configuration, the packed bed is contained within a stationary basket which is suspended in the vessel of a CelliGen bioreactor. In this configuration, recirculation of the oxygenated media is provided by the CelliGen Cell Lift impeller. Both configurations are packed with disk carriers made from a non-woven polyester fabric. During the steady-state phase of continuous operation, a cell density of 10(8) cells per cm3 of bed volume was obtained in both bioreactor configurations. The high levels of productivity (0.5 gram MAb per 1 of packed bed per day) obtained in these systems demonstrates that the culture conditions achieved in these packed bed bioreactors are excellent for the continuous propagation of hybridomas using media which contains low levels (1%) of serum as well as serum-free media. These packed bed bioreactors allow good control of pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature. The media flows evenly over the cells and produces very low shear forces. These systems are easy to set up and operate for prolonged periods of time. The potential for scale-up using Fibra-cel carriers is enhanced due to the low pressure drop and low mass transfer resistance, which creates high void fraction approaching 90% in the packed bed.
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4155
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Cai X, Zhang W, Gong L. [Relationship between different patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy and plasma norepinephrine and hemorheology in patients with essential hypertension]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 1992; 20:22-4, 69-70. [PMID: 1396089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The changes of plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration and hemorheology in 60 patients with essential hypertension (EH) with different patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were observed. The results showed that a higher value in whole blood viscosity (WBV) at a shear rate of 230-s was found in concentric hypertrophy (CH) group; a significant increase in plasma NE was found in asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) group. It suggests that CH appear to be a compensation adapting to the increase in afterload. Significant increase in plasma NE concentration may play an important role in the development of ASH in addition to the afterload.
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4156
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Frankel W, Singh A, Zhang W, Bain A, Klurfeld D, Rombeau J. Colonotrophic effects of short-chain fatty acids are mediated locally. Clin Nutr 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0261-5614(92)90247-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4157
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Zhang W, Miyakawa T, Uchida T, Goto S. [Preparation of stable W/O/W type multiple emulsion containing water-soluble drugs and in vitro evaluation of its drug-releasing properties]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 1992; 112:73-80. [PMID: 1578347 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi1947.112.1_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The stable water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion was prepared by a two-step procedure for emulsification using glyceryl tricaprylate (Panasate-800) as the oil phase. The water-soluble drugs such as cefadroxil, cephradine, 4-aminoantipyrine, and antipyrine were selected and entrapped separately in the inner aqueous phase of W/O/W multiple emulsion. In consideration of parenteral administration, pH 7.4 phosphate buffered saline was used in both inner and outer aqueous phases. Moreover, these multiple emulsions could be significantly stable for a month at room temperature by the addition of hydrophilic polymer like gelatin and of amino acid like lysine to the inner aqueous phase.
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4158
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4159
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Jin ML, Yang BQ, Zhang W, Ren P. Combined treatment with photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy for advanced cardiac cancers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1992; 12:101-6. [PMID: 1531855 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(92)85021-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In all, 144 patients with advanced cardiac cancers have been treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT), combined chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone from September 1982 to July 1990. A total of 5 mg kg-1 haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) was intravenously given 48-72 h prior to PDT. The light source was an argon dye laser with an output beam of 630 nm. The irradiation time varied between 12 and 25 min with a fluence of 100-350 mW cm-2. The entire tumour was irradiated with a light dose of 100-250 J cm-2. The combination of UFT and mitomycin C was used as standard chemotherapy. There were 26 responders out of 55 patients (47.3%) in the group treated with PDT alone, 24 out of 41 (58.5%) in the PDT+chemotherapy group, and 24 out of 48 (50.0%) in the chemotherapy alone group. In the PDT+chemotherapy group 19.5% patients had complete remission, which was better than the other two groups (5.5%, 8.3%, p less than 0.05). The following survey of all patients lasted from six months to seven years. The results suggest that a combination of PDT and chemotherapy may prove effective.
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4160
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Adachi Y, Arii S, Funaki N, Higashitsuji H, Fujita S, Furutani M, Mise M, Zhang W, Tobe T. Tumoricidal activity of Kupffer cells augmented by anticancer drugs. Life Sci 1992; 51:177-83. [PMID: 1319536 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(92)90073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Mitomycin-C (MMC) and Adriamycin (ADM) on the antitumor-associated function of Kupffer cells was examined. MMC and ADM enhanced the production of superoxide by Kupffer cells in cultures at low concentrations likely to occur in clinical use. The expression of interleukin-2 receptor, Ia antigen and asialoGM1 antigen, measured by flowcytometry, was increased by contact with MMC. Growth inhibition of AH130, rat ascites hepatoma, and P815, murine mastocytoma, by Kupffer cells treated with anticancer drugs was greater than that by Kupffer cells alone or anticancer agent alone. These results show that MMC and ADM activate Kupffer cells, leading to synergistic antitumor activity. The results suggest that some anticancer agents act through immunological mechanisms as well as through direct antineoplastic activity.
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4161
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4162
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Graham R, Walls DF, Zhang W. Laser cooling in a squeezed vacuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:7777-7784. [PMID: 9905913 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.7777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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4163
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Zhang W. [Image analysis of pathological changes in pulmonary arteries in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 1991; 71:702-4. [PMID: 1667377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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4164
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Lo WK, Mills A, Zhang W, Zhu H. Polarized distribution of coated pits and coated vesicles in the rat lens: an electron microscopy and WGA-HRP tracer study. Curr Eye Res 1991; 10:1151-63. [PMID: 1724956 DOI: 10.3109/02713689109024133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of coated pits (CPs) and coated vesicles (CVs) in the rat lens were studied by thin-section electron microscopy (TEM) and wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) as a tracer. TEM revealed that CPs and CVs were approximately 150 nm in diameter, of which the characteristic clathrin coat was approximately 20 nm thick. CPs and CVs were found in both epithelium and superficial fiber cells of the entire lens, and were distributed preferentially along the basal membrane facing the lens capsule. It was estimated that more than 80% of CPs and CVs in the entire epithelium were seen along the basal membrane. The number of CPs and CVs along the basal membrane in the equatorial epithelium (4.4 per 10 microns membrane) was similar to that at the central zone (3.8 per 10 microns membrane), but there was a significant increase along the apical and lateral surfaces of the equatorial epithelium compared to that of the central epithelium, although the overall number was considerably smaller. In the lens fibers, CPs and CVs were usually found within 2-3 superficial layers of fiber cells. The number of CPs and CVs along the basal membrane of young fibers at the post-equatorial region (3.1 per 10 microns membrane) was 3-fold greater than that of the mature fibers at the posterior polar area (1 per 10 microns membrane). Thus, CPs and CVs along the entire basal membrane showed a gradual decrease in number from the anterior (and equatorial) regions to the posterior polar surface of the lens. WGA-HRP experiments showed that approximately 80% of tracer-carrying pits and vesicles were also found along the basal surface of the equatorial epithelium. This study suggests that a polarized distribution of CPs and CVs along the basal surface of epithelium and superficial fiber cells may facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis of important macromolecules directly from the aqueous humor and vitreous body into metabolically active lens cells.
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4165
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Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang W. Effects of naloxone on the changes of pain threshold and contents of monoamine neurotransmitters in rat brain induced by EA. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1991; 11:286-90. [PMID: 1686626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
5-HT content in medulla oblongata plus pons and DA level in brain stem obviously increased, while NA concentration in telencephalon markedly decreased in EAA. A previous injection of naloxone, a blocker of opiate receptor, could partially inhibit the EAA, abolish the effects of EA's increasing the 5-HT content in the medulla oblongata plus pons and the DA level in the brain stem, and decrease the NA level in the diencephalon after EA. These results indicate that EA may mediate the metabolism of the central monoamine neurotransmitters partially via opiate receptor to exert its analgesic effect.
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4166
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Zhang W, McElroy D, Wu R. Analysis of rice Act1 5' region activity in transgenic rice plants. THE PLANT CELL 1991; 3:1155-65. [PMID: 1821763 PMCID: PMC160082 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.3.11.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The 5' region of the rice actin 1 gene (Act1) has been developed as an efficient regulator of foreign gene expression in transgenic rice plants. To determine the pattern and level of rice Act1 5' region activity, transgenic rice plants containing the Act1 5' region fused to a bacterial beta-glucuronidase (Gus) coding sequence were generated. Two independent clonal lines of transgenic rice plants were analyzed in detail. Quantitative analysis showed that tissue from these transgenic rice plants have a level of GUS protein that represents as much as 3% of total soluble protein. We were able to demonstrate that Act1-Gus gene expression is constitutive throughout the sporophytic and gametophytic tissues of these transgenic rice plants. Plants from one transgenic line were analyzed for the segregation of GUS activity in pollen by in situ histochemical staining, and the inheritance and stability of Act1-Gus expression were assayed in subsequently derived progeny plants.
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4167
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Goto S, Nakata K, Miyakawa T, Zhang W, Uchida T. [Releasing properties of water soluble drug in internal water phase of W/O/W multiple emulsions]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 1991; 111:702-8. [PMID: 1783983 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi1947.111.11_702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A stable water/liquid paraffin system water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion was prepared by the two-step procedure of emulsification using a variety of nonionic emulsifying agents, such as Span 80 and Tween 20. After comparison of the releasing properties of such water soluble drugs as cefadroxil, cephradine, 4-aminoantipyrine and antipyrine which were entrapped separately in the inner aqueous phase of the W/O/W multiple emulsion, a large difference was observed. It was ascertained that the difference in these releasing properties was due to no physical rupture by the microscopic observation and the results of the release test of W/O/W multiple emulsion with two kinds of drugs entrapped simultaneously in an inner aqueous phase. This reason was presumed to be dependent on permeation in the oily phase of the drug itself. It was proved that the differences of releasing properties tended to depend on the molecular weight and were closely related to the drug concentration of outer aqueous phase of W/O/W multiple emulsion containing the drug in both aqueous phases prepared as an experimental model. Therefore, two possible mechanisms for the releasing of drugs in W/O/W multiple emulsion may be interpreted as follows: the first is that the mixed and inversed micelles formed by Span 80 and Tween 20 agents in the oily phase act as a carrier of drugs, and the second is that drug molecules diffuse through small pore existing in very thin lamella of the emulsifying agents partially formed in the oil layer owing to the fluctuation of the thickness.
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4168
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Sato N, Hirata KS, Kajita T, Kifune T, Kihara K, Nakahata M, Nakamura K, Ohara S, Suzuki Y, Totsuka Y, Yaginuma Y, Mori M, Oyama Y, Suzuki A, Takahashi K, Takei H, Tanimori T, Koshiba M, Suda T, Tajima T, Miyano K, Miyata H, Yamada M, Fukuda Y, Kaneyuki K, Nagashima Y, Takita M, Beier EW, Feldscher LR, Frank ED, Frati W, Kim SB, Mann AK, Newcomer FM, Zhang W. Mass limits for dark-matter particles derived from high-energy neutrinos from the Sun. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1991; 44:2220-2240. [PMID: 10014105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.44.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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4169
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Hirata KS, Inoue K, Ishida T, Kajita T, Kihara K, Nakahata M, Nakamura K, Ohara S, Sato N, Suzuki Y, Totsuka Y, Yaginuma Y, Mori M, Oyama Y, Suzuki A, Takahashi K, Yamada M, Koshiba M, Nishijima K, Suda T, Tajima T, Miyano K, Miyata H, Takei H, Fukuda Y, Kodera E, Nagashima Y, Takita M, Kaneyuki K, Tanimori T, Beier EW, Feldscher LR, Frank ED, Frati W, Kim SB, Mann AK, Newcomer FM, Zhang W. Real-time, directional measurement of 8B solar neutrinos in the Kamiokande II detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1991; 44:2241-2260. [PMID: 10014106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.44.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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4170
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Xia H, Zhang XK, Cheng GX, Zhang W, Qu XX, Feng D. Contribution of strain-induced modulation to the sound velocity in lattice-mismatched quasiperiodic superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:8779-8784. [PMID: 9998833 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.8779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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4171
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Zhang W, Hasegawa A, Itoh K, Ichioka Y. Image processing of human corneal endothelium based on a learning network. APPLIED OPTICS 1991; 30:4211-4217. [PMID: 20706526 DOI: 10.1364/ao.30.004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We applied a learning network to a cell's boundary detection of human corneal endothelium photomicrographs measured by specular microscopy. Interconnections between units in our model are constrained to be locally space invariant to meet space-invariant processing. The neural network was trained to extract the cell's boundary by showing part of the photomicrograph and its subjective boundary image, which is an outline drawing made by hand. After training, the network showed good performance with the microphotograph that was not trained. Internal representations of the network were also studied.
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4172
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Chen S, Zhu Q, Ju H, Hao J, Lai Z, Zou C, Zhang W, Zhao S, Chen X, Zhang H. The role of oxygen free radicals in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL = CHUNG-KUO I HSUEH K'O HSUEH TSA CHIH 1991; 6:127-31. [PMID: 1793873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of experiments have been done to investigate the role of oxygen free radicals in ischemia/reperfusion injury. The following results were found: Myocardial MDA content increased significantly after post-ischemic reperfusion in vivo and in vitro. A blockade of the xanthine oxidase pathway for free radical generation could provide effective protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exogenous reactive oxygen intermediates H2O2, .OH and O2- could induce changes in the contractility and electrophysiological properties of myocardial cells similar to those seen in ischemia/reperfusion. An outburst of free radical generation was detected by ESR spectroscopy at low temperature (-173 degrees C) and with the spin trapping technique during the very early phase of reperfusion. The authors emphasize the important role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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4173
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Si JY, Lee K, Zhang W, Han RC, Song GX, Chen LF, Zhao WM, Jia LP, Liu S, Mai YY. A research for the relationship between human papillomavirus and human uterine cervical carcinoma. II. Molecular genetic and ultrastructural study on the transforming activity of recombinant retrovirus containing human papillomavirus type 16 subgenomic sequences. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1991; 117:460-72. [PMID: 1716258 DOI: 10.1007/bf01612768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the role of HPV-16 in the development of genital cancer, NIH3T3 cells were transfected by HPV-16 whole genome and its two early genes, E6-E7. Besides ordinary calcium phosphate/DNA coprecipitation technique, a newly designed recombinant retrovirus containing the HPV-16 genome or subgenomes was used to infect cells for transfer of the target genes. The transforming activities have been demonstrated to be most efficient when a bioengineering technique of this kind is used. HPV-16 DNA was proved to have transforming potential for NIH3T3 cells, and the DNA of HPV-16 was proved to undergo multisite integration into transformed cells and nude mice tumour cells. The E6-E7 open reading frames are sufficient for transforming NIH3T3 cells independently in vitro, which implies that E6-E7 open reading frames are transforming genes or even viral oncogenes of HPV-16. The RNA transcribed by the E6-E7 of HPV-16 was expressed in transformed cells and in tumour cells of nude mice. The use of a recombinant retrovirus for gene transfer in this study is much more efficient than that of calcium phosphate/DNA coprecipitation. The lack of a tissue-culture system suitable for HPV replication in vitro makes HPV gene recombination into a specially engineered retrovirus for viral-mediated gene transfer of particular significance for the possible application of viral carcinogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, for basic and clinical research.
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4174
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Si JY, Lee K, Han R, Zhang W, Tan BB, Song GX, Liu S, Chen LF, Zhao WM, Jia LP. A research for the relationship between human papillomavirus and human uterine cervical carcinoma. I. The identification of viral genome and subgenomic sequences in biopsies of Chinese patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1991; 117:454-9. [PMID: 1653781 DOI: 10.1007/bf01612767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biopsies from 318 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 48 with cervical and vulvar condylomata, 14 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 34 with chronic cervicitis and 24 with normal cervical epithelium were collected from different geographic regions with different cervical cancer mortalities. The DNA.DNA dot-blot and Southern blot hybridization results show that there is a close relationship between HPV-16 and the uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma in China. One very interesting observation is that the finding of HPV-16-homologous DNA differs significantly among five geographic regions, and corresponds with the mortalities from cervical cancer of these five regions. HPV-11 was found mainly in benign lesions. The rate of detection of HPV-16 in Chinese women increased from 8.3% in normal cervical epithelium to 20% in chronic cervicitis, 28% in cervical condyloma, 50% in CIN and 60.4% in cervical cancer. It is suggested that HPV-16 infection may be an etiological factor in the development of human cervical carcinoma. From the results of Southern blot hybridization, it appeared that HPV-16 DNA had been integrated into the genome of the host cell in cervical cancer. Whereas the HPV-16 DNA sequence was only present as an episome in normal cervical epithelium and cervical benign lesions. The rate of occurrence of E6-E7 genes is the highest (88.9%) compared with that of other subgenomic fragments of HPV-16 in specimens of human cervical cancer in China. This implies that E6 and E7 may be the oncogenic genes of HPV-16 and play an important role in the carcinogenesis of human cervical epithelial cells. The amplification and rearrangement of the c-myc protooncogene are closely associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer. The results presented here revealed that the activated c-myc oncogene may cooperate with HPV-16 in the carcinogenic processes.
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4175
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Zhang W. [A clinical and CT analysis of 28 cases of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage]. ZHONGHUA SHEN JING JING SHEN KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 1991; 24:240-1, 254. [PMID: 1954800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
28 cases of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage diagnosed with CT scanning were analysed. Based on the findings of the CT scans as well as the clinical manifestations it could be recognized that there were 3 types of cerebellar hemorrhage: 1. Vermis hemorrhage usually complicated with rupture into the fourth ventricle needed immediate operation for alleviating and checking the ventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. 2. Massive hemorrhage in the cerebellar hemisphere resulting in forming a hematoma of less than 10 ml and larger than 5 ml could be treated conservatively under close observation, but for those case with larger hematomas, operative treatment would be mandatory. 3. Small hematomas of less than 5 ml in the cerebellar hemispheres could also be treated conservatively. The authors emphasized that acute obstructive hydrocephalus should be considered to be an important factor in leading to a fatal outcome in these cases.
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