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Cheng KC, Yeung YP, Hui J, Ho KM, Yip AWC. Multimedia manuscript: laparoscopic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma at segment 7: the posterior approach to anatomic resection. Surg Endosc 2011; 25:3437. [PMID: 21667209 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-1685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open anatomical liver resections remain one of the most effective treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and results in better recurrence-free and overall survival compared to nonanatomical resections [1]. On the other hand, laparoscopic hepatectomies for HCC have recently emerged with the benefits of reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and less severe wound pain [2, 3]. Classically, liver lesions considered suitable for laparoscopic resection were those small tumors (<4 cm) located over the anterior and left lateral segments [3]. However, we would like to expand the current indications and here we present our techniques of laparoscopic anatomical resection for a HCC that was located at right posteriosuperior segment 7. METHODS Our patient was a 60-year-old gentleman who had Child's A hepatitis B cirrhosis and was on entecavir. During a follow-up CT scan, a 2.6-cm segment 7 lesion with early arterial enhancement and contrast washout was noted and was subsequently confirmed with arteriogram. α-Fetoprotein was 3 ng/ml (normal < 20 ng/ml). The video demonstrates a posterior approach to laparoscopic resection of segment 7. RESULTS Operative time was 510 min. Blood loss was 800 ml and no perioperative transfusion was required. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and only simple oral analgesics were required for pain control. He was discharged on postoperative day 6. Histology showed a moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma and all resection margins were clear. Subsequent follow-up CT scan 6 months after the operation showed no evidence of recurrence and α-fetoprotein level was normal. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC over the right posterior segment of the liver is feasible in selected patients with favorable results in terms of wound size, postoperative recovery, and hospital stay. Maximal liver conservation was achieved in performing oncologic anatomical resection of segment 7 instead of a posterior sectionectomy. On the other hand, a posterior approach was recommended because it allowed early intrahepatic control of pedicles and identification of the right hepatic vein to guide parenchymal transection along the intersegmental plane.
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Hui J, Holen KD, Gordon GB, Obermeyer K, Qian J. Causality attribution of adverse events (AEs) as reported in two industry-sponsored phase III placebo-controlled clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e16533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Musk AW, Knuiman M, Hunter M, Hui J, Palmer LJ, Beilby J, Divitini M, Mulrennan S, James A. Patterns of airway disease and the clinical diagnosis of asthma in the Busselton population. Eur Respir J 2011; 38:1053-9. [PMID: 21565919 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine how objective measures related to lung function cluster in the general population and how the patterns relate to asthma and bronchitis as diagnosed by a doctor (DDA and DDB, respectively). A cross-sectional survey of an age-stratified random general population sample of 1,969 adults from the electoral register of Busselton (Australia) was performed in 2005-2007. Respiratory symptoms, DDA ever, DDB ever, recent wheezing and smoking history, together with anthropometric measurements, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC), methacholine challenge or bronchodilator response, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), skin-prick tests to common allergens, and blood eosinophil and neutrophil counts were studied. Cluster analysis (variables sex, age, atopy, FEV₁ % predicted, FEV₁/FVC, airway hyperresponsiveness, eNO, log eosinphil count, log neutrophil count and body mass index) was used to identify phenotypic patterns. Seven clusters (subjects with DDA and DDB, respectively) were identified: normal males (n=467; 7 and 13%), normal females (n=477; 12 and 18%), obese females (n=250; 16 and 28%), atopic younger adults (n=330; 21 and 17%), atopic adults with high eNO (n=130; 30 and 25%), atopic males with reduced FEV₁ (n=103; 33 and 32%) and atopic adults with bronchial hyperreactivity (n=212; 40 and 26%). The clinical diagnosis of asthma (ever) and bronchitis (ever) is not specific for any of the clustering patterns of airway abnormality.
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Mak C, Siu T, Tam S, Lam C, Chan Y, Chan K, Chan B, Yau E, Hui J, Yeung W, Low L, Wong V, Lam Y, Ko C, Cheng W, Yuen Y, Lee H, Siu W, Tong S. Biochemical and molecular characterization of dopa-responsive dystonias in Hong Kong Chinese. Clin Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mak CM, Lam CW, Siu TS, Chan KY, Siu WK, Yeung WL, Hui J, Wong VCN, Low LCK, Ko CH, Fung CW, Chen SP, Yuen YP, Lee HC, Yau E, Chan B, Tong SF, Tam S, Chan YW. Biochemical and molecular characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency in Hong Kong Chinese. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 99:431-3. [PMID: 20056467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency is a rare neurotransmitter disorder affecting the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis. There are about 40 cases reported worldwide. Here, we report the biochemical and molecular findings of eight unrelated Chinese patients with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. We have identified eight novel mutations with 5 missense, 2 nonsense and 1 splicing mutations in the TH gene, namely p.R153X, p.R169X, p.G294R, p.G315S, p.A385V, p.I394T, p.G408R, and c.1163+5G>C. The mutations of the TH gene in Chinese are heterogeneous.
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Mathias AA, German P, Murray BP, Wei L, Jain A, West S, Warren D, Hui J, Kearney BP. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 87:322-9. [PMID: 20043009 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
GS-9350 is a new chemical entity under development as a potent, mechanism-based inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoforms. Its intended use is to increase the systemic exposure of coadministered agents that are metabolized by CYP3A enzymes. Unlike ritonavir, which is in current clinical use for this purpose, GS-9350 is devoid of anti-HIV activity. The pharmacokinetics of GS-9350 and its efficacy in increasing systemic exposure of the probe CYP3A substrate midazolam were examined in a study involving single- and multiple-dose escalations of GS-9350 from 50 to 400 mg. Single-dose escalation from 50 to 400 mg resulted in a 164-fold increase in GS-9350 exposure, whereas multiple-dose escalation in the dosage range of 50-300 mg resulted in a 47-fold increase in exposure. GS-9350 potently inhibited midazolam apparent clearance (95% reduction), similar in effect to ritonavir 100 mg. GS-9350 was generally well tolerated at all doses, and there was no evidence of dose-limiting toxicity. Establishing proof-of-concept, GS-9350 is currently under phase II development as a potential alternative to ritonavir for use with antiretroviral agents (including the HIV integrase inhibitor elvitegravir) that are often prescribed along with a "booster" drug.
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James AL, Knuiman MW, Divitini ML, Hui J, Hunter M, Palmer LJ, Maier G, Musk AW. Changes in the prevalence of asthma in adults since 1966: the Busselton health study. Eur Respir J 2009; 35:273-8. [PMID: 19643935 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00194308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Asthma prevalence has increased worldwide; although less so in developed countries recently. This study assessed changes in the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms in the Busselton community since 1966. Cross-sectional respiratory health surveys of Busselton adults were conducted in 1966, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1981, 1990 and 2005-2007. Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence rates of asthma, respiratory symptoms, smoking, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and atopy and to make comparisons in 2005-2007 and previous survey years. Asthma was defined as ever having doctor-diagnosed asthma (DDA). The prevalence of DDA was around 6% from 1966 to 1975, 8% in 1981 and rose to 19% in 2005-2007. From 1981 to 2005-2007, smoking prevalence declined and obesity and atopy increased but changes in these variables explained only a small part of the increase in DDA. Wheeze and cough/phlegm increased but AHR, breathlessness and doctor-diagnosed bronchitis remained relatively stable over the same period. These observations indicate that the increase in DDA is partly explained by increased symptoms and atopy. The lack of changes in AHR and doctor-diagnosed bronchitis suggests that factors such as diagnostic transfer and increased awareness of asthma have also contributed to the rise in prevalence of DDA.
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McClenaghan J, Warrington NM, Jamrozik EF, Hui J, Beilby JP, Hansen J, de Klerk NH, James AL, Musk AW, Palmer LJ. The PHF11 gene is not associated with asthma or asthma phenotypes in two independent populations. Thorax 2009; 64:620-5. [PMID: 19386584 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.108985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous areas of the human genome have previously been associated with asthma and asthma-related phenotypes, but few positive findings have been successfully replicated in independent populations. Initial studies have reported strong associations of variants in the plant homeodomain zinc finger protein 11 (PHF11) gene with serum IgE levels, asthma, airway hyper-responsiveness and childhood atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of variants in the PHF11 gene with asthma and associated intermediate phenotypes in two independent Western Australian population-based samples. METHODS A linkage-disequilibrium (LD)-tagging set of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was genotyped in PHF11 in two separate populations (total n = 2315), a family-based twin study consisting of 230 families (n = 992 subjects) and a population-based nested case-control study consisting of 617 asthma cases and 706 controls. Information regarding asthma, respiratory physiology, atopy and environmental exposures was collected. Transmission disequilibrium tests, variance components models and generalised linear models were used to test for association between PHF11 SNPs and selected asthma outcomes (including longitudinal change in lung function). RESULTS After correction for multiple testing, no statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations were found between PHF11 and either asthma or total serum IgE levels in either population. No statistically significant associations were found with any other asthma-associated phenotypes in either population. CONCLUSIONS Previously reported associations of PHF11 with asthma outcomes were not replicated in this study. This study suggests that PHF11 is unlikely to contain polymorphic loci that have a major impact on asthma susceptibility in our populations.
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Mathias AA, West S, Hui J, Kearney BP. Dose-response of ritonavir on hepatic CYP3A activity and elvitegravir oral exposure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008; 85:64-70. [PMID: 18815591 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2008.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ritonavir, a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 isoform 3A (CYP3A) activity, is frequently used to boost the effects of protease inhibitors at doses of 100-400 mg per day; however, human data regarding the optimal dose required for boosting are limited. This study systematically evaluated the ritonavir dose-response relationship on presystemic and systemic CYP3A metabolism using the human immunodeficiency virus integrase inhibitor elvitegravir and midazolam as probe substrates. Ritonavir administered once daily with elvitegravir exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics, with a 119-fold increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve over the dosing interval over a 20- to 200-mg dose range. The 20-mg dose of ritonavir substantially reduced CYP3A-mediated clearance (CL), as evidenced by a 66% reduction in midazolam CL that plateaued to 17% of baseline activity at a 100-mg dose. Maximum inhibition of elvitegravir apparent oral CL was achieved with ritonavir doses of 50-100 mg. Elvitegravir and ritonavir were generally well tolerated in this study. These data provide a critical understanding of ritonavir's dose-response relationship for inhibition of CYP3A activity in humans.
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Hui J, Oka A, James A, Palmer LJ, Musk AW, Beilby J, Inoko H. A genome-wide association scan for asthma in a general Australian population. Hum Genet 2008; 123:297-306. [PMID: 18253752 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To date, almost every chromosome has been implicated in genetic susceptibility to asthma to some degree. When compared with single nucleotide polymorphism, microsatellite markers exhibit high levels of heterozygosity and therefore provide higher statistical power in association. The objective of this study was to perform a genome-wide association study using 23,465 in-house microsatellite markers to detect asthma susceptibility regions in the Busselton population. In this study, three separate pooled DNA screenings yielded 18 markers with significantly different estimated frequencies in the three separate "case and control" pools: each pool consisting of 60 males and 60 females. These markers were evaluated by individual typing in 360 cases and 360 controls. Two markers showed significant differences between cases and controls (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003). Regions surrounding the two markers were subjected to high-density association mapping with a total of 14 additional markers. We were able to confirm and fine map the association in these two regions by typing 14 additional microsatellite markers (1805A09 (D18S0325i), P = 0.002; 1806D05 (D18S0181i), P = 0.001). Each region contains a predicted gene that showed strong associations with asthma. Further studies are underway to characterize the novel candidate asthma susceptibility genes identified in this genome-wide study.
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Thomas C, Nichol A, Park J, Hui J, Ross A, Grahame S, Otto K. A Phantom Study of Tantalum and Titanium Surgical Clips as Fiducial Markers for Breast Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hui J, Palmer LJ, James AL, Musk AW, Beilby JP. AluyMICB dimorphism within the class I region of the major histocompatibility complex is associated with asthma and airflow obstruction in the Busselton population. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:728-34. [PMID: 16776673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between the Alu dimorphism within the first intron of the MICB gene and asthma and airflow obstruction. Background The highly polymorphic non-classical MHC class I polypeptide-related (MIC) genes, MICA and MICB, encode stress inducible glycoproteins, which are expressed on a variety of epithelial cells, including those of the lungs. METHODS AluyMICB genotyping was performed on 1109 subjects from the Busselton Health Study. From a standard questionnaire, 359 individuals indicated that they had been diagnosed by a doctor with asthma. Lung function was assessed by the forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) and expressed as a percent of the predicted value. Airflow obstruction was defined as FEV1<80% predicted. RESULTS In men, a dominant relationship was found between the AluyMICB DD genotype and asthma (P=0.006; chi2(2)=7.65). Furthermore, multivariate analysis adjusted for age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) showed a relationship between DD genotype and asthma in men in a dominant model (odds ratio (OR)=1.97; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.11-3.51; P=0.021). In women, an association was found between the AluyMICB II genotype and FEV1 percent predicted as a continuous variable (P=0.001). When adjusted for age and BMI, it showed a significant relationship between AluyMICB and airflow obstruction in a dominant model (OR=14.11%, 95% CI 3.29-60.57, P<0.001). However, no association was found between the AluyMICB II genotypes and airflow obstruction in men. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the possible involvement of a MHC class I gene in abnormal airway structure in women and airway function in men.
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Cheng FWT, Leung TF, Lee N, Yap F, Hui J, Fok TF, Ng PC. Fever, pulmonary haemorrhage, and acute renal failure in a young girl. Hong Kong Med J 2005; 11:408-10. [PMID: 16219963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is rarely reported in children. It is easily treated with antibiotics but can be fatal if treatment is delayed. A 12-year-old girl was diagnosed with Weil syndrome, a severe form of leptospirosis, 10 days after returning from Mainland China. She presented with fever, hypotension, jaundice, and acute renal failure. She had used well water for bathing and swum in freshwater.
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Tartaglia J, Stenerson J, Ramasamy S, Braverman D, Hui J. 87 SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ENHANCED EXTERNAL COUNTERPULSATION IN PATIENTS WITH PERMANENT PACEMAKERS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEART ANGINA:. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00205.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Leung TF, Ng PC, Cheng FWT, Lyon DJ, So KW, Hon EKL, Li AM, Li CK, Wong GWK, Nelson EAS, Hui J, Sung RYT, Yam MC, Fok TF. Infection control for SARS in a tertiary paediatric centre in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2004; 56:215-22. [PMID: 15003670 PMCID: PMC7124203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease. After the appearance of an index patient in Hong Kong in February 2003, SARS outbreaks occurred rapidly in hospitals and spread to the community. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a triage policy and risk-stratified infection control measures in preventing nosocomial SARS infection among paediatric healthcare workers (HCWs) at the Prince of Wales Hospital, a general hospital to which children with SARS are referred in Hong Kong. The acute paediatric wards were stratified into three areas: (1) ultra high-risk area, (2) high-risk area and (3) moderate-risk area according to different risk levels of nosocomial SARS transmission. The implementation of different levels of infection control precautions was guided by this risk stratification strategy. Between 13 March and 23 June, 38 patients with probable and suspected SARS, 90 patients with non-SARS pneumonia, and 510 patients without pneumonia were admitted into our unit. All probable SARS cases were isolated in negative-pressure rooms. Twenty-six HCWs worked in the ultra high-risk area caring for SARS patients and 88 HCWs managed non-SARS patients in other ward areas. None of the HCWs developed clinical features suggestive of SARS. In addition, there was no nosocomial spread of SARS-associated coronavirus to other patients or visitors during this period. In conclusion, stringent infection control precautions, appropriate triage and prompt isolation of potential SARS patients may have contributed to a lack of nosocomial spread and HCW acquisition of SARS in our unit.
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Hui J, Oka A, Tomizawa M, Tay GK, Kulski JK, Penhale WJ, Iaschi SPA, Makino S, Tamiya G, Inoko H. Identification of two new C4 alleles by DNA sequencing and evidence for a historical recombination of serologically defined C4A and C4B alleles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 63:263-9. [PMID: 14989717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.0175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide polymorphisms of the C4 genes were investigated by direct sequencing of seven different homozygous typing cells from the 10IHW panels. Two novel sequences were identified within the C4d region of the C4 genes. Our sequencing analyses extend previous findings suggesting that a recombination hot spot is likely to have occurred between codon positions 1157 and 1186 within the C4d region. The classification of electrophoretically defined C4A and C4B alleles can be further subtyped by sequencing. Because the central major histocompatibility complex region that carries various copies of the C4 gene has been associated with a range of disorders; further analysis at the sequence level within the C4 locus may provide informative genetic markers for the investigation of disease-associated polymorphisms.
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Abstract
The present paper is a report of a 14-month-old boy who presented with fever, coryzal symptoms and red eyes. The patient developed a generalized tonic clonic convulsion on day 2 of his illness. Ophthalmological assessment demonstrated bilateral hypopyon and vitreous opacity resulting from endophthalmitis. Cerebrospinal fluid was positive for Neisseria meningitidis (A, C, Y, W 135) by latex agglutination. He was treated with high dose intravenous cefotaxime and intravitreal ceftazidime. He made good recovery and his vision was preserved. In view of the potential morbidity and mortality associated with systemic meningococcal infection, the presence of red eye and hypopyon provides important diagnostic clues indicating the need to investigate beyond superficial conjunctivitis. It should prompt the clinician to recognize endopthalmitis early and accurately diagnose this serious disease.
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Oka A, Hayashi H, Tomizawa M, Okamoto K, Suyun L, Hui J, Kulski JK, Beilby J, Tamiya G, Inoko H. Localization of a non-melanoma skin cancer susceptibility region within the major histocompatibility complex by association analysis using microsatellite markers. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2003; 61:203-10. [PMID: 12694569 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is known to have a role in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), although the genes and mechanisms involved have yet to be determined. To identify the susceptibility locus for NMSC within the MHC, we used a collection of well-defined polymorphic microsatellite markers from the Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region for an association analysis of 150 cases with NMSC and 200 healthy controls selected from the Busselton population in Western Australia. High-resolution mapping was undertaken using a total of 40 highly polymorphic markers located at regular intervals across the HLA region (3.6Mb). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was initially performed on pooled DNA markers to detect those markers that showed different allele profiles. Statistically significant differences in allelic frequencies (differentiating alleles) were found between cases and controls at three polymorphic microsatellite loci within a 470-kb genomic susceptibility region ranging between 6 kb centromeric of the HLA-B gene and intron 5 of the DDR gene. Interestingly, this genome region corresponded completely with the psoriasis-susceptibility locus. The three differentiating alleles and another four markers outside the susceptibility region were then PCR tested by individual genotyping of cases and controls. The newly identified susceptibility locus for NMSC within the MHC was found to be significantly different between the cases and controls by comparisons of allele frequencies at the three differentiating loci estimated from DNA pools and then confirmed by individual genotyping. This is the first study using high density microsatellite markers to localize a NMSC susceptibility region within the human genome.
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Li AM, Hui J, Chik KW, Li CK, Fok TF. Topical herbal medicine causing haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Acta Paediatr 2003; 91:1012. [PMID: 12412883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Law LK, Tang NLS, Hui J, Lam CWK, Fok TF. 3-methyglutaconic aciduria in a Chinese patient with glycogen storage disease Ib. J Inherit Metab Dis 2003; 26:705-9. [PMID: 14707520 DOI: 10.1023/b:boli.0000005603.04633.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report elevated urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic (3MGC) and 3-methylglutaric acids (3MGR) in a patient with glycogen storage disease Ib. Combined excretion was 10-fold elevated in comparison to control during inadequate glucose maintenance, and still elevated following dietary improvement. 3MGC acid excretion correlated with plasma lactate and glucose. We speculate that imbalanced gluconeogenesis and de novo cholesterol synthesis result in secondarily increased 3MGC/3MGR production.
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Hui J, Oka A, Tamiya G, Tomizawa M, Kulski JK, Penhale WJ, Tay GK, Iizuka M, Ozawa A, Inoko H. Corneodesmosin DNA polymorphisms in MHC haplotypes and Japanese patients with psoriasis. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2002; 60:77-83. [PMID: 12366786 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.600110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine the relationship between corneodesmosin (CDSN) and psoriasis we have determined the presence of CDSN polymorphisms by DNA sequencing in (a) nine B-LCL cell lines of major histocompatibility complex ancestral haplotypes known to be associated with psoriasis vulgaris including 13.1AH, 46.1AH, 46.2 and 57.1AH, and in (b) a group of 267 unrelated individuals comprising Japanese psoriasis patients (n = 101) and Japanese subjects without the disease (n = 166). Three novel CDSN gene sequences were identified. In addition, we have classified the 18 alleles into seven main groups based on phylogeny of non-synonymous substitutions. However, we have found no statistically significant differences between the patients and the unaffected individuals in any of these groups. These findings indicate that CDSN is not a major psoriasis susceptibility gene.
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Tang NL, Hui J, Law LK, To KF, Mak TW, Cheung KL, Vreken P, Wanders RJ, Fok TF. Overview of common inherited metabolic diseases in a Southern Chinese population of Hong Kong. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 313:195-201. [PMID: 11694259 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Joint metabolic clinic at the Prince of Wales Hospital was established in January 1997 to provide a comprehensive multi-disciplinary care to patients with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs). Patients are referred from both within and outside our hospital. Until July, 2000, more than 40 patients and families with 20 different biochemical diagnoses attend the clinic for regular follow up. A pattern of more common IMDs among Hong Kong Chinese emerged from our case registry. In order to advance the understanding of Chinese metabolic diseases, we examined the molecular basis of those diseases with unique features in Chinese or were locally prevalent. Mutations were found in patients with primary carnitine deficiency, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, glutaric aciduria type I, and galactosemia. We also analyzed the mutations in multiple carboxylase deficiency and Niemann-pick type C on four families. CONCLUSIONS Although IMDs are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among pediatric patients, with a better understanding of the molecular genetics of these diseases, prenatal diagnosis of these common IMDs will be facilitated, which is currently the most effective way of controlling IMDs.
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Chitturi S, Hui J, Salisbury E, Mitchell D, George J. Abdominal pain in an intrauterine contraceptive device user. Postgrad Med J 2001; 77:602, 608-10. [PMID: 11524525 PMCID: PMC1757925 DOI: 10.1136/pmj.77.911.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Markell D, Hui J, Narhi L, Lau D, LeBel C, Aparisio D, Lile J, Jing S, Yui D, Chang BS. Pharmaceutical significance of the cyclic imide form of recombinant human glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor. Pharm Res 2001; 18:1361-6. [PMID: 11683253 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013058532425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to determine the significance of cyclic imide formation of an aspartic acid residue during storage on the pharmaceutical quality of a recombinant human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (rhGDNF) formulation. METHODS A combination of chromatography, peptide mapping, mass spectroscopy, and protein sequencing was used to purify and characterize the degradation product. Circular dichroism, 1,8-ANS and heparin binding, melting temperature determination, bioassays, and preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicology testing were performed to examine its equivalence to native rhGDNF. RESULTS The rhGDNF with cyclic imide at aspartic acid residue 96 showed identical activity, structure, pharmacokinetic profile, and toxicity profile to the native rhGDNF. CONCLUSIONS Formation of cyclic imide at aspartic acid residue 96 does not affect the pharmaceutical quality of the rhGDNF formulation.
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Ng JS, Wong W, Law RW, Hui J, Wong EN, Lam DS. Ocular complications of paediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 29:239-43. [PMID: 11545423 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2001.00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate ocular complications arising from nephrotic syndrome and/or its treatments in children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital. A total of 31 paediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome were studied. Comprehensive ophthalmic assessments on best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp and fundus examination were taken. Information regarding histological diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and its treatment regimen in each patient was reviewed and analysed. RESULTS Bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts were detected in three of 29 patients (10.3%) who received steroid therapy. Two had normal vision while one had visual acuity reduced to 6/15 in both eyes. The age of onset of the nephrotic syndrome in these three patients was 2 years, which was significantly younger than those without cataract (5.4 +/- 3.2 years, P < 0.001). Three patients (9.7%) had isolated asymptomatic fundal findings of tortuous and dilated retinal vessels. Hypertensive retinopathy was found in one patient (3.2%). No steroid-induced glaucoma, uveitis, ocular infection, or other eye complications related to the use of steroids or other immunosuppressive agents were noted. CONCLUSIONS Children who have nephrotic syndrome often require prolonged, intermittent high dose of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Paediatricians should be aware of the potential risk of developing steroid-related complications, especially posterior subcapsular cataract. It appears to have a higher risk when steroid therapy is used in very young patients. Early detection would help to prevent amblyopia development, particularly in the group of immature eyes.
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Szeto CC, Choi PC, To KF, Li PK, Hui J, Chow KM, Leung CB, Lui SF, Mac-Moune Lai F. Grading of acute and chronic renal lesions in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Mod Pathol 2001; 14:635-40. [PMID: 11454994 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The renal outcome of 34 patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis was assessed clinically and by grading acute and chronic renal lesions using a system we applied to primary IgA nephropathy. On a median follow-up period of 65 months, hypertension and the serum levels of creatinine and proteinuria at the time of renal biopsy were correlated with renal survival. Acute glomerular lesions including mesangial hypercellularity, endocapillary proliferation, necrosis, cellular crescents, and leukocytes infiltration were observed, respectively, in 41%, 12%, 50%, 29%, and 32% of the cases. Of these, only glomerular necrotizing lesion and cellular crescent were correlated with the renal survival. Chronic renal lesions based on a grading system applied to primary IgA nephropathy and assessing the extent of glomerular sclerosis (glomerular grading), of tubular loss and interstitial fibrosis (tubulointerstitial grading), and of hyaline arteriolosclerosis demonstrated correlation between these lesions, as well as with renal survival. On follow-up, these chronic renal lesions were predictors of subsequent clinical events associated with disease progression, such as impaired renal function, significant proteinuria, and development of hypertension. Despite some limitations related to the relatively small size, this series indicates that distinction of acute and chronic lesions of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis is important for both the prognosis and management of patients.
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78
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Yang X, Hui J, Jiang W. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor modulation of L-type calcium currents in guinea-pig ventricular cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:577-82. [PMID: 11780430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the cellular mechanism of the effect of Ang II on ICa,L in single guinea-pig ventricular cells by using losartan and 1-(5-lsoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-Methyl-Piperazine (H-7) as the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) inhibitor and protein kinase C inhibitor, respectively. METHODS Patch clamp techniques were used to study the cellular mechanism of the effect of Ang II on ICa,L in single guinea-pig ventricular cells. RESULTS In the whole cell patch clamp recording model, Ang II stimulated ICa,L in a concentration dependent manner; the maximal effect was obtained at 100 nmol/L (n = 9). At 30 nmol/L, Ang II stimulated peak ICa,L from 11.3 +/- 0.6 pA/pF to 15.3 +/- 0.6 pA/pF (at + 10 mV, n = 9, P < 0.05). 100 nmol/L Losartan, a specific AT1 receptor inhibitor, had no effect on ICa,L (n = 9), but the effect of Ang II on ICa,L was inhibited by 100 nmol/L Losartan. Ang II on ICa,L was also inhibited by 20 mumol/L H-7, a specific protein kinase C inhibitor, whereas H-7 alone has no effect on ICa,L (n = 9). CONCLUSION Ang II stimulates ICa,L in guinea-pig ventricular cells by binding to AT1 through a transduction pathway involving protein kinase C.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramural hematoma occurs uncommonly in the gastrointestinal tract and very rarely in the stomach. In case of a spontaneous gastric hematoma, the few previously reported patients all had certain predisposing factors. However, truly spontaneous intramural hematoma of the stomach without an identifiable cause has not been reported before. METHOD Emergency total gastrectomy was performed in a 49-year-old man with such pathology and the diagnosis was made postoperatively. RESULTS The patient required further laparotomy on day 10 for drainage and debridement of a subphrenic abscess. He recovered uneventfully from the second operation. After an extensive pathological search, no predisposing factors could be found. The patient remains in good health 18 months after the operations. CONCLUSION Spontaneous intramural gastric hematoma is extremely rare. But even rarer is when predisposing conditions or lesions are absent.
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Lam CW, Yeung WL, Ko CH, Poon PM, Tong SF, Chan KY, Lo IF, Chan LY, Hui J, Wong V, Pang CP, Lo YM, Fok TF. Spectrum of mutations in the MECP2 gene in patients with infantile autism and Rett syndrome. J Med Genet 2000; 37:E41. [PMID: 11106359 PMCID: PMC1734495 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.12.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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81
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Tang NL, Hui J, Law LK, Lam YY, Chan KY, Yeung WL, Chan AY, Cheung KL, Fok TF. Recurrent and novel mutations of GCDH gene in Chinese glutaric acidemia type I families. Hum Mutat 2000; 16:446. [PMID: 11058907 DOI: 10.1002/1098-1004(200011)16:5<446::aid-humu14>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glutaric acidemia type I is caused by mutations of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) gene resulting in loss of GCDH enzyme activity. Patients present with progressive dystonia and lesions in basal ganglia. Dietary treatment, when instituted from the early neonatal period, markedly reduces dystonia and morbidity. Early diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis will be facilitated by knowledge of locally prevalent GCDH mutations. Several common GCDH mutations have been found in different ethnic groups. GCDH mutations were studied in 5 Chinese glutaric acidemia type I families. We detected two novel recurrent mutations (A219T and IVS10-2A>C) which were found in two unrelated families. An asymptomatic carrier of IVS10-2A>C was also found on screening of 120 individuals. Other mutations were identified, including two other novel (R386G & IVS3+1G>A) and two known mutations (G178R & R355H). Fibroblasts from patients carrying the novel mutations were confirmed to be deficient for GCDH activity. This is the first report of GCDH mutations describing recurrent mutations in Chinese patients. The carrier rate of IVS10-2A>C may be particularly high in Chinese.
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82
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Tang NL, Hui J, Law LK, To KF, Cheung KL, Magnus HN, Yuen PM, Fok TF. Primary carnitine deficiency in the Chinese. Chin Med J (Engl) 2000; 113:376-80. [PMID: 11775240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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83
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Lau H, Cheng SW, Hui J. Eighteen-year experience with femoro-femoral bypass. THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2000; 70:275-8. [PMID: 10779059 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1622.2000.01806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of femoro-femoral bypass in the management of aorto-iliac occlusive disease has evolved during the past two decades. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the early and long-term outcomes of femoro-femoral bypass grafts performed at the University of Hong Kong Medical Centre during an 18-year period. METHODS From 1981 to 1998, a retrospective analysis of 61 patients who underwent femoro-femoral bypass at the University of Hong Kong Medical Centre was undertaken. Data on demographic features and results of surgical intervention were reviewed. Early outcomes (morbidity, mortality and improvement of clinical category) and long-term outcomes (graft patency, patient survival and limb salvage rates) were analysed. RESULTS The postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 16% and 7%, respectively. Clinical success was achieved in 48 patients (79%) after operation. The primary patency of femoro-femoral bypass was 86%, 79% and 71% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. The limb salvage rate was 85% at 3 years. The cumulative survival rate of the study population was 89%, 82% and 73% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Femoro-femoral bypass was successful in relieving ischaemic pain and limb salvage in approximately 80% of patients. A 5-year patency rate of 71% was achieved. Femoro-femoral bypass remains a valuable surgical procedure for limb salvage in poor-risk patients with unilateral iliac artery occlusion.
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Tay GK, Hui J, Gaudieri S, Schmitt-Egenolf M, Martinez OP, Leelayuwat C, Williamson JF, Eiermann TH, Dawkins RL. PERB11 (MIC): a polymorphic MHC gene is expressed in skin and single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 119:553-8. [PMID: 10691930 PMCID: PMC1905592 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility genes for psoriasis remain to be identified. At least one of these must be in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to explain associations with alleles at human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, -C, -DR, -DQ and C4. In fact, most of these alleles are components of just two ancestral haplotypes (AHs) designated 13.1 and 57.1. Although relevant MHC gene(s) could be within a region of at least 4 Mb, most studies have favoured the area near HLA-B and -C. This region contains a large number of non-HLA genes, many of which are duplicated and polymorphic. Members of one such gene family, PERB11.1 and PERB11.2, are expressed in the skin and are encoded in the region between tumour necrosis factor and HLA-B. To investigate the relationship of PERB11.1 alleles to psoriasis, sequence based typing was performed on 97 patients classified according to age of onset and family history. The frequency of the PERB11.1*06 allele is 44% in type I psoriasis but only 7% in controls (Pc = 0.003 by Fisher's exact test, two-tailed). The major determinant of this association is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within intron 4. In normal and affected skin, expression of PERB11 is mainly in the basal layer of the epidermis including ducts and follicles. PERB11 is also present in the upper keratin layers but there is relative deficiency in the intermediate layers. These findings suggest a possible role for PERB11 and other MHC genes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Grover AK, Hui J, Samson SE. Catalase activity in coronary artery endothelium protects smooth muscle against peroxide damage. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 387:87-91. [PMID: 10633165 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopiazonic acid contracts pig coronary artery de-endothelialized rings, and pretreating the rings with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) inhibits this contraction (IC(50)=0.097+/-0.013 mM). We used the cyclopiazonic acid contraction to test the novel hypothesis that endothelium can protect underlying smooth muscle against luminal H(2)O(2). We perfused the arteries with Krebs' solution containing 0. 3 or 1 mM H(2)O(2), removing endothelium from the arteries either before or after the perfusion. We then cut rings from them to monitor their contraction to 10 microM cyclopiazonic acid in a H(2)O(2)-free solution. The inhibition of the cyclopiazonic acid contraction by perfusion with H(2)O(2) was significantly less when endothelium was removed after the perfusion than when it was removed before it. The specific activity of catalase in post-nuclear supernatants from freshly isolated endothelium (14.1+/-2.7 micromol/min/mg protein) was 17+/-3-fold greater than in those from smooth muscle (0.83+/-0.22 micromol/min/mg protein). Thus endothelium contained high catalase activity and protected the underlying smooth muscle against luminal peroxide.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Catalase/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/enzymology
- Coronary Vessels/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Hydrogen Peroxide/toxicity
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Oxidants/toxicity
- Perfusion
- Swine
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Hui J, Li G, Kong Y, Wang Y. Expression and characterization of chimeric hepatitis B surface antigen particles carrying preS epitopes. J Biotechnol 1999; 72:49-59. [PMID: 10406098 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(99)00049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have provided evidence that hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) including preS1 and preS2 sequences could be an ideal candidate for a new hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine with higher efficacy. However, the large (L) protein containing the entire preS region expressed in mammalian cells is not efficiently assembled into particles and secreted. Here we report an alternative approach to include the dominant epitopes of preS1 and preS2 to the small (S) protein as fusion proteins by the recombinant DNA technology. Three fusion proteins containing preS2(120-146) and preS1(21-47) at the N-terminus and/or truncated C-terminus of S protein were expressed using the recombinant vaccinia virus system. All these fusion proteins were efficiently secreted in the particulate form, and displayed S, preS1 and/or preS2 antigenicity. Further analysis showed that these chimeric HBsAg particles elicited strong antibody responses against S, preS1 and preS2 antigens in BALB/c mice, suggesting that they could be promising candidates for a new recombinant vaccine to induce broader antibody response required for protection against hepatitis B viral infection.
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87
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Tang NL, Ganapathy V, Wu X, Hui J, Seth P, Yuen PM, Wanders RJ, Fok TF, Hjelm NM. Mutations of OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter, lead to deficient cellular carnitine uptake in primary carnitine deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:655-60. [PMID: 10072434 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.4.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic primary carnitine deficiency (CDSP, OMIM 212140) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by low serum and intracellular concentrations of carnitine. CDSP may present with acute metabolic derangement simulating Reye's syndrome within the first 2 years of life. After 3 years of age, patients with CDSP may present with cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness. A linkage with D5S436 in 5q was reported in a family. A recently cloned homologue of the organic cation transporter, OCTN2, which has sodium-dependent carnitine uptake properties, was also mapped to the same locus. We screened for mutation in OCTN2 in a confirmed CDSP family. One truncating mutation (Trp132Stop) and one missense mutation (Pro478Leu) of OCTN2 were identified together with two silent polymorphisms. Expression of the mutant cDNAs revealed virtually no uptake activity for both mutations. Our data indicate that mutations in OCTN2 are responsible for CDSP. Identification of the underlying gene in this disease will allow rapid detection of carriers and postnatal diagnosis of affected patients.
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Hui J, Mancini M, Li G, Wang Y, Tiollais P, Michel ML. Immunization with a plasmid encoding a modified hepatitis B surface antigen carrying the receptor binding site for hepatocytes. Vaccine 1999; 17:1711-8. [PMID: 10194827 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular injection of a plasmid encoding a modified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) induced humoral and cytotoxic responses in C57BL/6 mice. This modified HBsAg contains a preS1-derived peptide (amino acids 21 to 47), that carries the HBV receptor binding site for hepatocytes fused to the C-terminus of the small protein (at the position of amino acid 223). After a single DNA injection, the immunized mice elicited high titers of anti-HBs and anti-preS1 antibodies, and produced strong HBV specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The immune response induced after a single injection of this modified HBsAg gene in HBsAg-transgenic mice resulted in the clearance of circulating HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs and anti-preS1 antibodies. The high titers of preS1 antibody in transgenic mice were comparable to those found in non-transgenic controls and may be efficient to clear Dane particles existing in sera from chronic carriers. These data indicated that a genetic vaccine consisting of this modified HBsAg gene may have a potential use for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
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90
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Leung TF, Hui J, Shoubridge E, Li CK, Chik KW, Shing MM, Wong GW, Yeung WL, Yuen PM. Aplastic anaemia in association with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 1999; 22:86-7. [PMID: 10070624 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005415802893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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91
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Dawkins R, Leelayuwat C, Gaudieri S, Tay G, Hui J, Cattley S, Martinez P, Kulski J. Genomics of the major histocompatibility complex: haplotypes, duplication, retroviruses and disease. Immunol Rev 1999; 167:275-304. [PMID: 10319268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The genomic region encompassing the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) contains polymorphic frozen blocks which have developed by local imperfect sequential duplication associated with insertion and deletion (indels). In the alpha block surrounding HLA-A, there are ten duplication units or beads on the 62.1 ancestral haplotype. Each bead contains or contained sequences representing Class I, PERB11 (MHC Class I chain related (MIC) and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) 16. Here we consider explanations for co-occurrence of genomic polymorphism, duplication and HERVs and we ask how these features encode susceptibility to numerous and very diverse diseases. Ancestral haplotypes differ in their copy number and indels in addition to their coding regions. Disease susceptibility could be a function of all of these differences. We propose a model of the evolution of the human MHC. Population-specific integration of retroviral sequences could explain rapid diversification through duplication and differential disease susceptibility. If HERV sequences can be protective, there are exciting prospects for manipulation. In the meanwhile, it will be necessary to understand the function of MHC genes such as PERB11 (MIC) and many others discovered by genomic sequencing.
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Rosenfeld RD, Zeni L, Welcher AA, Narhi LO, Hale C, Marasco J, Delaney J, Gleason T, Philo JS, Katta V, Hui J, Baumgartner J, Graham M, Stark KL, Karbon W. Biochemical, biophysical, and pharmacological characterization of bacterially expressed human agouti-related protein. Biochemistry 1998; 37:16041-52. [PMID: 9819197 DOI: 10.1021/bi981027m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The agouti-related protein gene (Agrp) is a novel gene implicated in the control of feeding behavior. The hypothalamic expression of Agrp is regulated by leptin, and overexpression of Agrp in transgenic animals results in obesity and diabetes. By analogy with the known actions of agouti, these data suggest a role for the Agrp gene product in the regulation of melanocortin receptors expressed in the central nervous system. The availability of recombinant, highly purified protein is required to fully address this potential interaction. A nearly full-length form of AGRP (MKd5-AGRP) was expressed in the cytosolic or soluble fraction of Escherichia coli and appeared as large intermolecular disulfide-bonded aggregates. Following oxidation, refolding, and purification, this protein was soluble, and eluted as a single symmetric peak on RP-HPLC. Circular dichroism studies indicated that the purified protein contains primarily random coil and beta-sheet secondary structure. Sedimentation velocity studies at neutral pH demonstrated that MKd5-AGRP is monomeric at low micromolar concentrations. Mobility shifts observed using SDS-PAGE under reducing and nonreducing conditions for bacterially expressed and mammalian expressed AGRP were identical, an indication of a similar disulfide structure. The purification to homogeneity of a second, truncated form of AGRP (Md65-AGRP) which was expressed in the insoluble or inclusion body fraction is also described. Both forms act as competitive antagonists of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) at melanocortin-3 (MC-3) and melanocortin-4 receptors (MC-4). The demonstration that AGRP is an endogenous antagonist with respect to these receptors is a unique mechanism within the central nervous system, and has important implications in the control of feeding.
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Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a form of neurodegenerative disease which is associated with intracranial infarcts. The diagnosis is made by finding hyperlactacidaemia together with cerebral infarcts on neuroimaging. We report a 4-year-old Chinese girl with Leigh syndrome who had several atypical features. She presented with generalized dystonia and developmental regression. In addition, she suffered from an unusual feature of bladder dystonia. This patient appeared to be suffering from respiratory chain complex I deficiency from studies on cultured skin fibroblasts. Assays for respiratory chain enzymes as well as mitochondrial DNA point mutations and major deletions in muscle were normal. Dystonia persisted despite treatments with muscle relaxants and a ketogenic diet. Intramuscular botulinum toxin resulted in significant relief of dystonia.
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Hui J, Yeung WL, Wong G, Fok TF, Griffith J, Cheng JC, Hjelm M, Hall C, Shaw D. Telemedicine conference on a 13-year-old Chinese girl with an unusual skeletal condition. J Telemed Telecare 1998; 4:120-1. [PMID: 9744169 DOI: 10.1258/1357633981931957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Departments of Paediatrics, Diagnostic Radiology, Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Paediatric Radiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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95
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Tang NL, Hui J, Law LK, To KF, Ruiter JP, IJlst L, Wanders RJ, Ho CS, Fok TF, Yuen PM, Hjelm NM. Primary plasmalemmal carnitine transporter defect manifested with dicarboxylic aciduria and impaired fatty acid oxidation. J Inherit Metab Dis 1998; 21:423-5. [PMID: 9700600 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005314910623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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96
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Haniu M, Hui J, Young Y, Le J, Katta V, Lee R, Shimamoto G, Rohde MF. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: selective reduction of the intermolecular disulfide linkage and characterization of its disulfide structure. Biochemistry 1996; 35:16799-805. [PMID: 8988018 DOI: 10.1021/bi9605550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is a protein known to enhance the survival of dopaminergic neurons against several neurotoxins. It has been shown to have therapeutic potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. We have determined the inter- and intramolecular disulfide linkages of the dimeric molecule by a combination of direct peptide analysis and peptide analysis after either partial reduction or partial oxidation of the protein. Under an acidic condition, the interchain disulfide bond was selectively cleaved with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, revealing that Cys101 was involved in the intermolecular disulfide linkage. Three other disulfides, Cys68-Cys131, Cys72-Cys133, and Cys41-Cys102, were identified as intramolecular linkages. The determined disulfide structure is highly homologous to that of transforming growth factor beta 2. Since one intramolecular disulfide points through a ring consisting of eight amino acid residues based on the similarity with transforming growth factor beta 2, the disulfide-linked peptides were not purified by conventional methods. Only the peptides from an N-terminal region (residues -1 to 37) were liberated by proteolytic treatment with trypsin or endoproteinase Lys-C, resulting in a stable cystine-knot protein.
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Sun B, Zhao X, Hui J. [In situ observation of the relationship between apoptosis and proliferation in large bowel carcinoma and its precancerous lesion]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 1996; 76:848-51. [PMID: 9275538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate action of apoptosis in tumorigenesis by observation of the relationship between apoptosis and proliferation. METHOD Using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP niok end labelling (TUNEL) technique, PCNA immunohistochemical staining, and HE staining, we observed the density and distribution of apoptotic cells, proliferating cells and mitotic cells in situ in 15 normal mucosa, 32 villous adenoma and 33 papilloid adenocarcinoma of large bowel. RESULTS The zone of apoptotic cells located in superficies and zone of proliferating cells in base in normal mucosa. These characteristics of distribution were lost in villous adenomas and papilloid adenocarcinomas of large bowel. The density of apoptotic cells in villous adenomas was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa and carcinomas. The density of apoptotic cells lowered and the density of proliferating cells rose in villous adenomas. Comparison of villous adenoma with papilloid adenocarcinoma, showed that apoptotic cells decreased and proliferating cells increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS Through selectivity, the cells have highly proliferative ability prodominanted, resulting in malignant transformation. This phenomenon was named as a selective proliferation of cells.
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Carlson R, Smythe W, Baines K, Barbinis E, Becker K, Burns R, Calcutt S, Calvin W, Clark R, Danielson G, Davies A, Drossart P, Encrenaz T, Fanale F, Granahan J, Hansen G, Herrera P, Hibbitts C, Hui J, Irwin P, Johnson T, Kamp L, Kieffer H, Leader F, Weissman P. Near-infrared spectroscopy and spectral mapping of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites: results from Galileo's initial orbit. Science 1996; 274:385-8. [PMID: 8832878 DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5286.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer performed spectral studies of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites during the June 1996 perijove pass of the Galileo spacecraft. Spectra for a 5-micrometer hot spot on Jupiter are consistent with the absence of a significant water cloud above 8 bars and with a depletion of water compared to that predicted for solar composition, corroborating results from the Galileo probe. Great Red Spot (GRS) spectral images show that parts of this feature extend upward to 240 millibars, although considerable altitude-dependent structure is found within it. A ring of dense clouds surrounds the GRS and is lower than it by 3 to 7 kilometers. Spectra of Callisto and Ganymede reveal a feature at 4. 25 micrometers, attributed to the presence of hydrated minerals or possibly carbon dioxide on their surfaces. Spectra of Europa's high latitudes imply that fine-grained water frost overlies larger grains. Several active volcanic regions were found on Io, with temperatures of 420 to 620 kelvin and projected areas of 5 to 70 square kilometers.
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99
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Kiho T, Yamane A, Hui J, Usui S, Ukai S. Polysaccharides in fungi. XXXVI. Hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide (CS-F30) from the cultural mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis and its effect on glucose metabolism in mouse liver. Biol Pharm Bull 1996; 19:294-6. [PMID: 8850325 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.19.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide (CS-F30) obtained from the cultural mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis showed potent hypoglycemic activity in genetic diabetic mice after intraperitoneal administration, and the plasma glucose level was quickly reduced in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice after intravenous administration. Administration of CS-F-30 to normal mice significantly increased the activities of hepatic glucokinase, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, although the glycogen content in the liver was reduced. Furthermore, CS-F30 lowered the plasma triglyceride level and cholesterol level in mice.
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100
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Ng PC, Hui J, Lewindon PJ, Cheung KL, Wong W. High frequency oscillatory ventilation in newborns with idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension. Singapore Med J 1995; 36:517-20. [PMID: 8882538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three consecutive term infants diagnosed as suffering from idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) were tried on high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) after failure of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). All experienced a significant improvement in oxygenation. All three infants survived. HFOV was utilised in a fourth term infant initially diagnosed as having idiopathic PPHN with an immediate benefit. This infant subsequently died and was found at autopsy to have a lethal congenital maldevelopment of pulmonary microcirculation. No serious adverse effects were encountered with HFOV in contrast to the use of pharmacologic agents where hypotension was a serious problem. A therapeutic trial of HFOV is simple and efficient, and would not cause undue delay in the commencement of other rescue therapy should it prove unsuccessful. We predict HFOV will replace non-specific vasoactive agents as the standard first line alternative to CMV for the treatment of idiopathic PPHN.
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