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Justice AE, Howard AG, Chittoor G, Fernandez-Rhodes L, Graff M, Voruganti VS, Diao G, Love SAM, Franceschini N, O’Connell JR, Avery CL, Young KL, North KE. Genome-wide association of trajectories of systolic blood pressure change. BMC Proc 2016; 10:321-327. [PMID: 27980656 PMCID: PMC5133524 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-016-0050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great interindividual variation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) as a result of the influences of several factors, including sex, ancestry, smoking status, medication use, and, especially, age. The majority of genetic studies have examined SBP measured cross-sectionally; however, SBP changes over time, and not necessarily in a linear fashion. Therefore, this study conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study of SBP change trajectories using data available through the Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 (GAW19) of 959 individuals from 20 extended Mexican American families from the San Antonio Family Studies with up to 4 measures of SBP. We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) while taking into account potential genetic effects to identify how, if at all, to include covariates in estimating the SBP change trajectories using a mixture model based latent class growth modeling (LCGM) approach for use in the GWA analyses. RESULTS The semiparametric LCGM approach identified 5 trajectory classes that captured SBP changes across age. Each LCGM identified trajectory group was ranked based on the average number of cumulative years as hypertensive. Using a pairwise comparison of these classes the heritability estimates range from 12 to 94 % (SE = 17 to 40 %). CONCLUSION These identified trajectories are significantly heritable, and we identified a total of 8 promising loci that influence one's trajectory in SBP change across age. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of capitalizing on extant genetic data and longitudinal SBP assessments available through GAW19 to explore novel analytical methods with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Department of Nutrition, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA
| | | | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - V. Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA
| | - Guoqing Diao
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
| | - Shelly-Ann M. Love
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | | | - Christy L. Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Kristin L. Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
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Young KL, Huang W, Horsburgh CR, Linas BP, Assoumou SA. Eighteen- to 30-year-olds more likely to link to hepatitis C virus care: an opportunity to decrease transmission. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:274-81. [PMID: 26572798 PMCID: PMC5481196 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection incidence among 18- to 30-year-olds is increasing and guidelines recommend treatment of active injection drug users to limit transmission. We aimed to : measure linkage to HCV care among 18- to 30-year-olds and identify factors associated with linkage; compare linkage among 18- to 30-year-olds to that of patients >30 years. We used the electronic medical record at an urban safety net hospital to create a retrospective cohort with reactive HCV antibody between 2005 and 2010. We report seroprevalence and demographics of seropositive patients, and used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with linkage to HCV care. We defined linkage as having evidence of HCV RNA testing after reactive antibody. Thirty two thousand four hundred and eighteen individuals were tested, including 8873 between 18 and 30 years. The seropositivity rate among those ages 18-30 was 10%. In multivariate analysis, among those 18-30, diagnosis location (Outpatient vs Inpatient/ED) (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.28-2.49) and number of visits after diagnosis (OR 5.30, 95% CI 3.91-7.19) were associated with higher odds of linking to care. When we compared linkage in patients ages 18-30 to that among those older than 30, patients in the 18-30 years age group were more likely to link to HCV care than those in the older cohort even when controlling for gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, birthplace, diagnosis location and duration of follow-up. Eighteen- to 30-year-olds are more likely to link to HCV care than their older counterparts. During the interferon-free treatment era, there is an opportunity to prevent further HCV transmission in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Young
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C R Horsburgh
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B P Linas
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- HIV Epidemiology and Outcomes Research Unit, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S A Assoumou
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- HIV Epidemiology and Outcomes Research Unit, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Young KL, Graff M, North KE, Richardson AS, Bradfield JP, Grant SFA, Lange LA, Lange EM, Harris KM, Gordon-Larsen P. Influence of SNP*SNP interaction on BMI in European American adolescents: findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:95-101. [PMID: 25893265 PMCID: PMC4615264 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent obesity is predictive of future weight gain, obesity and adult onset severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg m(-2) ). Despite successful efforts to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing BMI, <5% of the 40-80% heritability of the phenotype has been explained. Identification of gene-gene (G-G) interactions between known variants can help explain this hidden heritability as well as identify potential biological mechanisms affecting weight gain during this critical developmental period. OBJECTIVE We have recently shown distinct genetic effects on BMI across the life course, and thus it is important to examine the evidence for epistasis in adolescence. METHODS In adolescent participants of European descent from wave II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health, n = 5072, ages 12-21, 52.5% female), we tested 34 established BMI-related SNPs for G-G interaction effects on BMI z-score. We used mixed-effects regression, assuming multiplicative interaction models adjusting for age, sex and geographic region, with random effects for family and school. RESULTS For 28 G-G interactions that were nominally significant (P < 0.05), we attempted to replicate our results in an adolescent sample from the Childhood European American Cohort from Philadelphia. In the replication study, one interaction (PRKD1-FTO) was significant after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Our results are suggestive of epistatic effects on BMI during adolescence and point to potentially interactive effects between genes in biological pathways important in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- KL Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - KE North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - AS Richardson
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Deptartment of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - JP Bradfield
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - SFA Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - LA Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - EM Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - KM Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - P Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Deptartment of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Galler S, Stellmann JP, Young KL, Kutzner D, Heesen C, Fiehler J, Siemonsen S. Improved Lesion Detection by Using Axial T2-Weighted MRI with Full Spinal Cord Coverage in Multiple Sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:963-9. [PMID: 26744444 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Identification of lesions in specific locations gains importance in multiple sclerosis imaging diagnostic criteria. In clinical routine, axial scans are usually exclusively obtained to depict the cervical spinal cord or used to confirm suspected lesions on sagittal scans. We sought to evaluate the detection rate for MS lesions on axial T2WI scans with full spinal cord coverage in comparison with sagittal scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred fifteen patients with definite or suspected MS underwent an MR imaging examination including 3-mm sagittal and 3.5-mm axial T2-weighted images with full spinal cord coverage. T2WI lesions were identified on axial and sagittal scans independently by 2 raters. Axial diameter, craniocaudal extension, lesion intensity, and location were analyzed. RESULTS Four hundred forty-nine of 509 (88.2%) lesions were detected on axial and 337/509 (66.2%) on sagittal scans. Only 277/449 (61.7%) axial lesions were also detected on sagittal images. The number of lesions visible on sagittal and axial images was dependent on the axial lesion diameter (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Axial T2WI scans with full spinal cord coverage showed 22% more lesions in patients with MS in comparison with sagittal scans, especially for lesions with small axial diameters. We suggest including biplanar spinal MR imaging with full spinal cord coverage for lesion detection in MS in clinical routine and for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Galler
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (S.G., D.K., J.F., S.S.)
| | - J-P Stellmann
- Neurology (J.-P.S., K.L.Y., C.H.) the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (J.-P.S., K.L.Y., C.H., S.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K L Young
- Neurology (J.-P.S., K.L.Y., C.H.) the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (J.-P.S., K.L.Y., C.H., S.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Kutzner
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (S.G., D.K., J.F., S.S.)
| | - C Heesen
- Neurology (J.-P.S., K.L.Y., C.H.) the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (J.-P.S., K.L.Y., C.H., S.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Fiehler
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (S.G., D.K., J.F., S.S.)
| | - S Siemonsen
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (S.G., D.K., J.F., S.S.) the Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (J.-P.S., K.L.Y., C.H., S.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Young KL, Graff M, North KE, Richardson AS, Mohlke KL, Lange LA, Lange EM, Harris KM, Gordon-Larsen P. Interaction of smoking and obesity susceptibility loci on adolescent BMI: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. BMC Genet 2015; 16:131. [PMID: 26537541 PMCID: PMC4634717 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a sensitive period for weight gain and risky health behaviors, such as smoking. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci contributing to adult body mass index (BMI). Evidence suggests that many of these loci have a larger influence on adolescent BMI. However, few studies have examined interactions between smoking and obesity susceptibility loci on BMI. This study investigates the interaction of current smoking and established BMI SNPs on adolescent BMI. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally-representative, prospective cohort of the US school-based population in grades 7 to 12 (12-20 years of age) in 1994-95 who have been followed into adulthood (Wave II 1996; ages 12-21, Wave III; ages 18-27), we assessed (in 2014) interactions of 40 BMI-related SNPs and smoking status with percent of the CDC/NCHS 2000 median BMI (%MBMI) in European Americans (n = 5075), African Americans (n = 1744) and Hispanic Americans (n = 1294). RESULTS Two SNPs showed nominal significance for interaction (p < 0.05) between smoking and genotype with %MBMI in European Americans (EA) (rs2112347 (POC5): β = 1.98 (0.06, 3.90), p = 0.04 and near rs571312 (MC4R): β 2.15 (-0.03, 4.33) p = 0.05); and one SNP showed a significant interaction effect after stringent correction for multiple testing in Hispanic Americans (HA) (rs1514175 (TNNI3K): β 8.46 (4.32, 12.60), p = 5.9E-05). Stratifying by sex, these interactions suggest a stronger effect in female smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights potentially important sex differences in obesity risk by smoking status in adolescents, with those who may be most likely to initiate smoking (i.e., adolescent females), being at greatest risk for exacerbating genetic obesity susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- , 137 East Franklin Street, Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Andrea S Richardson
- Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Ethan M Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Harris
- Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Sociology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Stellmann JP, Young KL, Pöttgen J, Dorr M, Heesen C. Introducing a new method to assess vision: Computer-adaptive contrast-sensitivity testing predicts visual functioning better than charts in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2015; 1:2055217315596184. [PMID: 28607699 PMCID: PMC5433336 DOI: 10.1177/2055217315596184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological diseases. Its assessment is often limited to selected contrasts, for example, 2.5% or 1.25%. Computerized adaptive testing with the quick contrast-sensitivity function (qCSF) method allows assessment across expanded contrast and spatial frequency ranges. Objective The objective of this article is to compare qCSF with high- and low-contrast charts and patient-reported visual function. Methods We enrolled 131 consecutive MS patients (mean age 39.6 years) to assess high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA) at 30 cm and 5 m, low-contrast vision with Sloan charts at 2.5% and 1.25%, qCSF and the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEIVFQ). Associations between the different measures were estimated with linear regression models corrected for age, gender and multiple testing. Results The association between qCSF and Sloan charts (R2 = 0.68) was higher than with HCVA (5 m: R2 = 0.5; 30 cm: R2 = 0.41). The highest association with NEIVFQ subscales was observed for qCSF (R2 0.20–0.57), while Sloan charts were not associated with any NEIVFQ subscale after correction for multiple testing. Conclusion The qCSF is a promising new outcome for low-contrast vision in MS and other neurological diseases. Here we show a closer link to patient-reported visual function than standard low- and high-contrast charts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Stellmann
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - K L Young
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - J Pöttgen
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - M Dorr
- Adaptive Sensory Technology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Heesen
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Hester CM, Born WK, Yeh HW, Young KL, James AS, Daley CM, Greiner KA. Decisional stage distribution for colorectal cancer screening among diverse, low-income study participants. Health Educ Res 2015; 30:400-11. [PMID: 25721254 PMCID: PMC4434950 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake among minorities and those with lower incomes is suboptimal. Behavioral interventions specifically tailored to these populations can increase screening rates and save lives. The Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) allows assignment of a decisional stage for adoption of a behavior such as CRC screening. Here, we characterize the PAPM decisional stage distribution among 470 low income, racially and ethnically diverse study participants at intake into a behavioral intervention study designed to increase CRC screening uptake. We staged participants for stool blood test (SBT) and colonoscopy separately and used the highest stage for the two tests as the 'overall' stage for CRC screening. For SBT, sex, language (English versus Spanish) and doctor recommendation were significantly related to PAPM stage for CRC screening. For colonoscopy, language, education level, doctor recommendation and self-efficacy were related to stage. For overall CRC screening stage, all the variables associated with either SBT or colonoscopy, with the exception of language were significant. This study suggests attending to these key variables in designing interventions to promote CRC screening, particularly with respect to medically underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Hester
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - W K Born
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - H W Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - K L Young
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - A S James
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - C M Daley
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - K A Greiner
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA and Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Siemonsen S, Young KL, Bester M, Sedlacik J, Heesen C, Fiehler J, Stellmann JP. Chronic T2 Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis are Heterogeneous Regarding Phase MR Imaging. Clin Neuroradiol 2015; 26:457-464. [PMID: 25895017 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-015-0389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phase imaging provides additional information on multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and may in combination with mean diffusivity (MD) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) help differentiating heterogeneity of MS lesion pathology. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 23 MS patients including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), and SWI. Mean values (MTR, MD, and homodyne filtered phase) from 138 chronic MS lesions and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) were obtained and correlations examined. For explorative analysis, a divisive hierarchical clustering algorithm was applied. RESULTS Phase characteristics were an independent characteristic of chronic T2 lesions, as MTR and MD were not correlated with phase values (R = - 0.23, R = - 0.18). Dependent on MTR, MD, and phase, cluster analysis led to five lesion groups. Of the two groups with phase values close to NAWM, one presented with highest MD and most severe MTR decrease (p = 0.01), the other with slight MD increase and MTR decrease. Two lesion groups with highest phase values (p = 0.01) displayed slightly increased MD and moderate decrease in MTR. Clinical data including EDSS, disease duration, and age did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS Increased phase is predominantly detectable in lesions with clear MTR decrease but only moderate MD increase. Phase images seem to represent an independent parameter for MS lesion characterization and may provide additional information on MS lesion heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Siemonsen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - K L Young
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Bester
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Sedlacik
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Heesen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J-P Stellmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Liu CT, Young KL, Brody JA, Olden M, Wojczynski MK, Heard-Costa N, Li G, Morrison AC, Muzny D, Gibbs RA, Reid JG, Shao Y, Zhou Y, Boerwinkle E, Heiss G, Wagenknecht L, McKnight B, Borecki IB, Fox CS, North KE, Cupples LA. Sequence variation in TMEM18 in association with body mass index: Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium Targeted Sequencing Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:344-9. [PMID: 24951660 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.13.000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies for body mass index (BMI) previously identified a locus near TMEM18. We conducted targeted sequencing of this region to investigate the role of common, low-frequency, and rare variants influencing BMI. METHODS AND RESULTS We sequenced TMEM18 and regions downstream of TMEM18 on chromosome 2 in 3976 individuals of European ancestry from 3 community-based cohorts (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, Cardiovascular Health Study, and Framingham Heart Study), including 200 adults selected for high BMI. We examined the association between BMI and variants identified in the region from nucleotide position 586 432 to 677 539 (hg18). Rare variants (minor allele frequency, <1%) were analyzed using a burden test and the sequence kernel association test. Results from the 3 cohort studies were meta-analyzed. We estimate that mean BMI is 0.43 kg/m(2) higher for each copy of the G allele of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7596758 (minor allele frequency, 29%; P=3.46×10(-4)) using a Bonferroni threshold of P<4.6×10(-4). Analyses conditional on previous genome-wide association study single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with BMI in the region led to attenuation of this signal and uncovered another independent (r(2)<0.2), statistically significant association, rs186019316 (P=2.11×10(-4)). Both rs186019316 and rs7596758 or proxies are located in transcription factor binding regions. No significant association with rare variants was found in either the exons of TMEM18 or the 3' genome-wide association study region. CONCLUSIONS Targeted sequencing around TMEM18 identified 2 novel BMI variants with possible regulatory function.
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Ma Y, Tucker KL, Smith CE, Lee YC, Huang T, Richardson K, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Young KL, Justice AE, Shao Y, North KE, Ordovás JM. Lipoprotein lipase variants interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids for obesity traits in women: replication in two populations. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:1323-1329. [PMID: 25156894 PMCID: PMC4356006 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a candidate gene for obesity based on its role in triglyceride hydrolysis and the partitioning of fatty acids towards storage or oxidation. Whether dietary fatty acids modify LPL associated obesity risk is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs320, rs2083637, rs17411031, rs13702, rs2197089) for potential interaction with dietary fatty acids for obesity traits in 1171 participants (333 men and 838 women, aged 45-75 y) of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS). In women, SNP rs320 interacted with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.002) and waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.001) respectively. Higher intake of PUFA was associated with lower BMI and WC in homozygotes of the major allele (TT) (P = 0.01 and 0.005) but not in minor allele carriers (TG and GG). These interactions were replicated in an independent population, African American women of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (n = 1334). CONCLUSION Dietary PUFA modulated the association of LPL rs320 with obesity traits in two independent populations. These interactions may be relevant to the dietary management of obesity, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Tucker
- Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - C E Smith
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y C Lee
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Richardson
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L D Parnell
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Q Lai
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Young
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A E Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Y Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K E North
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación (IMDEA-FOOD), Madrid, Spain.
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Quick BW, Hester CM, Young KL, Greiner KA. Self-reported barriers to colorectal cancer screening in a racially diverse, low-income study population. J Community Health 2013; 38:285-92. [PMID: 22976770 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-012-9612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is underutilized, especially in low income, high minority populations. We examined the effect test-specific barriers have on colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) completion, what rationales are given for non-completion, and what "switch" patterns exist when participants are allowed to switch from one test to another. Low income adults who were not up-to-date with CRC screening guidelines were recruited from safety-net clinics and offered colonoscopy or FIT (n = 418). Follow up telephone surveys assessed test-specific barriers. Test completion was determined from patient medical records. For subjects who desired colonoscopy at baseline, finding a time to come in and transportation applied more to non-completers than completers (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). For participants who initially wanted FIT, keeping track of cards, never putting stool on cards, and not remembering to mail cards back applied more to non-completers than completers (p = 0.003, p = 0.006, and p < 0.001, respectively). The most common rationale given for not completing screening was a desire for the other screening modality: 7 % of patients who initially preferred screening by FIT completed colonoscopy, while 8 % of patients who initially preferred screening by colonoscopy completed FIT. We conclude that test-specific barriers apply more to subjects who did not complete CRC screening. As a common rationale for test non-completion is a desire to receive a different screening modality, our findings suggest screening rates could be increased by giving patients the opportunity to switch tests after an initial choice is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Quick
- Research Division, Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Richardson AS, North KE, Graff M, Young KL, Mohlke KL, Lange EM, Lange LA, Harris KM, Gordon‐Larsen P. The interaction between physical activity and obesity gene variants in association with BMI: Does the obesogenic environment matter? FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.236.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Richardson
- NutritionUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
- Carolina Population CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Kari E North
- Carolina Center for Genome SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
- EpidemiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Carolina Population CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
- EpidemiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Kristin L Young
- Carolina Population CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
- EpidemiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Carolina Center for Genome SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
- GeneticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Ethan M Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
- GeneticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
- GeneticsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Kathleen M Harris
- Carolina Population CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
- SociologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
| | - Penny Gordon‐Larsen
- NutritionUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
- Carolina Population CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC
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Young KL, Brandt AU, Petzold A, Reitz LY, Lintze F, Paul F, Martin R, Schippling S. Loss of retinal nerve fibre layer axons indicates white but not grey matter damage in early multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2013; 20:803-11. [PMID: 23369013 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has shown thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and total macular volume (TMV) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Measures of retinal atrophy are associated with the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, in MS, data on the relation of OCT measures and grey and white matter volumes are contradictory. We performed a prospective cross-sectional study with a statistically pre-defined endpoint to test our hypothesis that OCT measures of neuro-axonal degeneration are related to global and partial brain atrophy in early forms of MS. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-four patients with clinically isolated syndrome (n = 10) or relapsing-remitting MS (n = 34; mean disease duration = 3.2 years, median EDSS = 1.5) were enrolled in the study. Peripapillary- and volumetric OCT scans of the macula were performed using latest spectral-domain OCT technology. BPF as well as white and grey matter fractions (WMF/GMF) were assessed by 1.5 Tesla MRI scans. Generalized estimating equation models adjusted for age and linear regression statistics were used to assess the association between OCT and MRI measures. RNFL thickness, TMV and age were significantly associated with BPF. RNFL thickness and TMV independently predicted WMF (P = 0.003 and P = 0.032) but not GMF (P = 0.717 and P = 0.357) when corrected for age. In contrast, age was strongly associated with GMF (P < 0.001) but not WMF. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that, in early MS, OCT measures of retinal atrophy are related to volumetric changes in the white but not grey matter compartment as assessed by MRI. It further substantiates the association of retinal thinning and brain tissue loss in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Young
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Beanland V, Fitzharris M, Young KL, Lenné MG. USING IN-DEPTH CRASH DATA TO ASSESS THE ROLE OF DRIVER INATTENTION AND DRIVER DISTRACTION IN CRASHES. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580g.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Filippi MK, Young KL, Nazir N, Williams C, Brown T, Choi WS, Greiner KA, Daley CM. American Indian/Alaska Native willingness to provide biological samples for research purposes. J Community Health 2012; 37:701-5. [PMID: 22057422 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-011-9502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the willingness of American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) to provide biological samples for research purposes. Prior cases of abuse and misuse of individuals, materials, and data highlight ethical research concerns. Investigators may be hesitant to engage AI/ANs in research projects. We conducted a survey of AI/ANs in the central plains region of the US over 1 year. This convenience sample completed a series of questions on biological samples and research. Survey results (N=998) indicate that 70.15% of AI/ANs would be willing to provide saliva/spit for a specific study with the proper consent and control of samples. In conclusion, researchers should find ways to work with and for AI/ANs, assuring participant input in the research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Filippi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Abstract
This study examines the genetic variation in Basque Y chromosome lineages using data on 12 Y-short tandem repeat (STR) loci in a sample of 158 males from four Basque provinces of Spain (Alava, Vizcaya, Guipuzcoa, and Navarre). As reported in previous studies, the Basques are characterized by high frequencies of haplogroup R1b (83%). AMOVA analysis demonstrates genetic homogeneity, with a small but significant amount of genetic structure between provinces (Y-short tandem repeat loci STRs: 1.71%, p = 0.0369). Gene and haplotype diversity levels in the Basque population are on the low end of the European distribution (gene diversity: 0.4268; haplotype diversity: 0.9421). Post-Neolithic contribution to the paternal Basque gene pool was estimated by measuring the proportion of those haplogroups with a Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) previously dated either prior (R1b, I2a2) or subsequent to (E1b1b, G2a, J2a) the Neolithic. Based on these estimates, the Basque provinces show varying degrees of post-Neolithic contribution in the paternal lineages (10.9% in the combined sample).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Young
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Abstract
Aim To examine population genetic structure and hypotheses of the origin of the modern Basque population in Spain using autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) data from individuals living in 27 mountain villages in the provinces of Alava, Vizcaya, Guipuzcoa, and Navarre, by comparing Basque autosomal STR variation with that of neighboring populations in Europe, as well as proposed ancestral populations in North Africa and the Caucasus. Methods Allele frequencies for 9 autosomal STR loci (D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D18S51, D21S11, FGA, and vWA) and several population genetic parameters were determined for the 4 provinces in the Basque region of Spain (n = 377). Heterozygosity within the Basque population was measured using a locus-by-locus analysis of molecular variance. Relationships between the Basques and other populations were examined using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot of Shriver’s DSW distance matrix. Results Heterozygosity levels in the Basque provinces were on the low end of the European distribution (0.805-0.812). The MDS plot of genetic distances revealed that the Basques differed from both the Caucasian and North African populations with respect to autosomal STR variation. Conclusions Autosomal STR analysis does not support the hypotheses of a recent common ancestor between the Basques and populations either from the Caucasus or North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Young
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
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Brandt AU, Oberwahrenbrock T, Ringelstein M, Young KL, Tiede M, Hartung HP, Martin R, Aktas O, Paul F, Schippling S. Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography. Brain 2011; 134:e193; author reply e194. [PMID: 21596763 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Rubicz R, Zlojutro M, Sun G, Spitsyn V, Deka R, Young KL, Crawford MH. Genetic architecture of a small, recently aggregated Aleut population: Bering Island, Russia. Hum Biol 2011; 82:719-36. [PMID: 21417891 DOI: 10.3378/027.082.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The fishing community of Bering Island, located in the Russian Commander Islands off the Kamchatka Peninsula, was originally founded by a small number of Russian soldiers and merchants, along with Aleuts forcibly relocated from the western region of the Aleutian archipelago. The purpose of this study is to characterize the genetic variation of Bering Island inhabitants for autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosome DNA and classic genetic markers and to investigate the genetic impact of the 19th-century founding and subsequent demographic events on this heterogeneous community. Our results show a loss of diversity among maternal lineages in the Bering Aleut population, with fixation of mtDNA haplogroup D, as revealed by median-joining network analysis and mismatch differences. Conversely, paternal haplotypes exhibit an increase in diversity and the presence of a substantial number of non-Native lineages. Admixture results, based on autosomal STR data, indicate that parental contributions to the mixed Aleut population of Bering are approximately 60% Aleut and 40% Russian. Classic genetic markers show affinities between the Bering Island Aleuts and the other historically founded Aleut communities of St. Paul and St. George in the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. This study demonstrates that the opposing evolutionary forces of genetic drift and gene flow acted on the maternal and paternal lineages, respectively, to shape the genetic structure of the present-day inhabitants of Bering Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohina Rubicz
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
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Potts AL, Young KL, Carter BS, Shenai JP. Necrotizing enterocolitis associated with in utero and breast milk exposure to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, escitalopram. J Perinatol 2007; 27:120-2. [PMID: 17262045 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A term neonate presenting with necrotizing enterocolitis following in utero and breast milk exposure to the newest serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor, escitalopram, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Potts
- Department of Pharmacy, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232-9544, USA
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Young KL, Villar D, Carson TL, Ierman PM, Moore RA, Bottoff MR. Tremorgenic mycotoxin intoxication with penitrem A and roquefortine in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 222:52-3, 35. [PMID: 12523480 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2003.222.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the natural intoxication of 2 dogs that consumed moldy dairy products found in the household garbage and the procedures used to identify and quantify the tremorgenic mycotoxins, roquefortine and penitrem A, in the remaining portions of ingested materials. Following the ingestion of mycotoxins, the dogs of our report developed muscle tremors or seizures that resembled clinical signs of strychnine poisoning. Roquefortine was the predominant mycotoxin in a moldy cream cheese wrapper that was found among scattered garbage consumed by the first dog. Penitrem A was the only mycotoxin detected in discarded moldy macaroni and cheese that was consumed by the second dog. Treatment of dogs with tremorgenic mycotoxin intoxication involves supportive care. Close monitoring is important because the development of aspiration pneumonia is common and has been reported as the cause of death. Clinical signs of intoxication gradually resolve within 24 to 48 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Young
- Eastown Animal Hospital, 3709 E University Ave, Des Moines, IA 50317, USA
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Young KL, Delay ER. Seashore Rhythm test: comparison of Signal Detection Theory and standard scoring procedures. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1993; 8:111-21. [PMID: 14589669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of age and instructional set on Seashore Rhythm test performance were examined with standard scoring and Signal Detection Theory (SDT) procedures. Neurologically intact young (17-28 years) and old (65-92 years) subjects were given standard test instructions with sentences added which stated that specific proportions of the test stimuli would be identical or different. Age differences in d' scores were highly correlated with standard Rhythm scores. While standard scores were unaffected by instructional set, all three SDT measures of response criteria detected effects of instructional set, or an age by instructional set interaction. SDT scoring of the Rhythm test yields a measure of auditory sensitivity comparable to standard methods and detects response bias on the lest that standard procedures cannot.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Young
- Department of Psychology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado 80221, USA
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Young KL, Lange B, Dunning D. Nebraska dental professional's procedures and opinions related to infectious diseases. Nebr Med J 1991; 76:55-62. [PMID: 2030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the findings of this study, the following specific strategic recommendations are offered: 1. Offer continuing education courses throughout the state at reasonable fees. The courses should emphasize recognition of AIDS related lesions and infectious diseases, aseptic techniques/infectious disease control, AIDS, Hepatitis B, and infections/antibiotics. In addition, continuing education courses in the area of medical history taking methods should be offered to teach methods of inquiring about sexual and drug-use histories. 2. Establish a state resource center for information regarding infectious diseases. This could, perhaps, be a cooperative venture with the Department of Health, the Nebraska Dental Association, and the College of Dentistry. There is a need to gather, interpret and disseminate periodic updates on infectious disease research. This venture should also focus on developing literature for practitioners with consistent information about infection control regulations and guidelines. 3. Either through continuing education courses or through the information resource center, provide instruction on realistic assessment of the risk of infectious disease transmission in dentistry. 4. Develop a public relations campaign to educate the public about infection control policies in dentistry, what is being done to protect the public. 5. A research effort should be undertaken to determine the discrepancy between self-reported infection control practices and observed infection control practices. This could be accomplished through patient and dentist surveys, interviews, and/or observations. 6. Establish a confidential HIV blood screening program for health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Young
- Division of Dental Health, Nebraska Department of Health
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Keith RE, O'Keeffe KA, Alt LA, Young KL. Dietary status of trained female cyclists. J Am Diet Assoc 1989; 89:1620-3. [PMID: 2809039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dietary status was evaluated in eight highly trained female cyclists. Each cyclist kept a 3-day weighed food record. Diets were analyzed for nutrient content using a computerized software package. Blood was also obtained and evaluated for hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin. For an athletic group, the cyclists' diets were found to be low in energy (85% RDA) and carbohydrate (4.4 gm/kg body weight per day). Mean daily dietary intakes were well below the RDAs for folacin (76% RDA), magnesium (81%), iron (59%), and zinc (48%). In addition, more than one-third of the cyclists failed to consume 67% of the RDA for the following micronutrients: pyridoxine, folacin, cobalamin, vitamin E, magnesium, iron, and zinc. Hemoglobin (135 gm/L), hematocrit (0.39), and albumin (45 gm/L) values were all normal, although most hemoglobin values were in the lower 50% of normal range. Foods such as meats, poultry, fish, beans, peas, and nuts were low or absent from the diets of most athletes. Dietary quality in this group of female cyclists could have been greatly improved with the addition of more of those foods. These athletes could benefit from nutrition education and diet counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Keith
- Department of Nutrition and Foods, Auburn University, Alabama 36849
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Young KL, Levy SM, Kuthy RA. Dietary fluoride supplements for Nebraska's children--the role of the physician. Nebr Med J 1989; 74:265-70. [PMID: 2779685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1. All children should receive one form of systemic fluoride and appropriate forms of topical fluoride. 2. If a child is not receiving optimally fluoridated water, the physician or dentist should prescribe dietary fluoride supplements (tablets or drops). 3. The correct dosage must be determined based on patient age and fluoride content of the patient's main water source(s). 4. Special attention is necessary concerning fluoride intake for children breast-feeding or consuming infant formula. 5. To arrive at the correct fluoride dose, these steps should be followed: A. Always have a sample of the main drinking water source (usually home water) analyzed for the fluoride content before prescribing a fluoride supplement, if you do not have other specific knowledge of water fluoride content. The Laboratory Division of the Nebraska State Department of Health provides water fluoride assay services. B. When the fluoride content of the water has been determined, the fluoride level and the child's age should be matched on Table 1 to arrive at the correct supplement dose. 6. The Division of Dental Health of the Nebraska State Department of Health can provide lists of communities and schools in Nebraska that are optimally fluoridated.
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Hildebolt CF, Elvin-Lewis M, Molnar S, McKee JK, Perkins MD, Young KL. Caries prevalences among geochemical regions of Missouri. Am J Phys Anthropol 1989; 78:79-92. [PMID: 2929737 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330780109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our objectives were to determine how the prevalences of caries in elementary school children vary between geochemically defined regions of the state of Missouri and to compare this variation with that found for prehistoric Missouri inhabitants (Hildebolt et al.: Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 75:1-14, 1988). Caries data on 6,584 school children were used in the study of second and sixth graders drinking optimally and suboptimally fluoridated water. Geochemical regions were based on maps recently published by the United States Geological Survey. Differences in mean caries scores and proportions of children with caries were tested by analysis of covariance, analysis of variance, Student t, and chi-squared tests. We found that caries prevalences do vary between the geochemical regions of the state. In the total sample, however, there were no significant differences between those children drinking optimally fluoridated water and those drinking suboptimally fluoridated water. We conclude that there is variation in caries rates among geochemically defined regions of the state and that geochemical factors associated with young parent materials may be antagonizing the action of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Hildebolt
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Young KL. On-site denture identification can be a practice-builder. Dent Econ 1987; 77:68, 70. [PMID: 3472960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Faine RC, Collins JJ, Daniel J, Isman B, Boriskin J, Young KL, Fitzgerald CM. The 1980 fluoridation campaigns: a discussion of results. J Public Health Dent 1981; 41:138-42. [PMID: 7021815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1981.tb02624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Young KL. Blood pressure highs or down and up the manometer. J Mo Dent Assoc 1976; 56:48-50. [PMID: 1075262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
The bacteriostatic action of 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide (4-NQO) for Lactobacillus casei is substantially reversed by d-and l-cysteine, glutathione, and 2,2-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiolbutane (dithioerythritol). The action appears to involve a chemical reaction between carbon atom 4 of 4-NQO and nucleophilic centers, such as -SH groups, located on essential cell constituents. The evidence presented indicates that the protective effect of d- and l-cysteine, glutathione, and dithioerythritol against the action involves reactions between 4-NQO and -SH compounds.
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