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Rainford LA, Zanardo M, Buissink C, Decoster R, Hennessy W, Knapp K, Kraus B, Lanca L, Lewis S, Mahlaola TB, McEntee M, O'Leary D, Precht H, Starc T, McNulty JP. The impact of COVID-19 upon student radiographers and clinical training. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 27:464-474. [PMID: 33223416 PMCID: PMC7834574 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To investigate student clinical placement concerns and opinions, during the initial COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and to inform educational institution support planning. Methods Between mid-June to mid-July 2020, educational institutions from 12 countries were invited to participate in an online survey designed to gain student radiographer opinion from a wide geographical spread and countries with varying levels of COVID-19 cases. Results 1277 respondents participated, of these 592 had completed clinical placements during January to June 2020. Accommodation and cohabiting risks were identified as challenging, as was isolation from family, travel to clinical placements, and to a lesser extent childcare. Students stated they had been affected by the feeling of isolation and concerns about the virus whilst on placement. Overall 35.4% of all respondents were ‘Not at all worried’ about being a radiographer, however, 64.6% expressed varying levels of concern and individual domestic or health situations significantly impacted responses (p ≤ 0.05). Year 4 students and recent graduates were significantly more likely to be ‘Not worried at all’ compared to Year 2 and 3 students (p ≤ 0.05). The need for improved communication regarding clinical placements scheduling was identified as almost 50% of students on clinical placements between January to June 2020 identified the completion of assessments as challenging. Furthermore, only 66% of respondents with COVID-19 imaging experience stated being confident with personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Conclusion Student radiographers identified key challenges which require consideration to ensure appropriate measures are in place to support their ongoing needs. Importantly PPE training is required before placement regardless of prior COVID-19 imaging experience. Implications for practice As the next academic year commences, the study findings identify important matters to be considered by education institutions with responsibility for Radiography training and as students commence clinical placements during the on-going global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Dos Santos HT, Nam K, Brown CT, Dean SM, Lewis S, Pfeifer CS, Lei P, Petris MJ, Andreadis ST, Baker OJ. Trimers Conjugated to Fibrin Hydrogels Promote Salivary Gland Function. J Dent Res 2020; 100:268-275. [PMID: 33043768 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520964784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies for tissue engineering have great potential for restoring and revitalizing impaired tissues and organs, including the use of smart hydrogels that can be modified to enhance organization and functionality of the salivary glands. For instance, monomers of laminin-111 peptides chemically conjugated to fibrin hydrogel (L1pM-FH) promote cell cluster formation in vitro and salivary gland regeneration in vivo when compared with fibrin hydrogel (FH) alone; however, L1pM-FH produce only weak expression of acinar differentiation markers in vivo (e.g., aquaporin-5 and transmembrane protein 16). Since previous studies demonstrated that a greater impact can be achieved when trimeric forms were used as compared with monomeric or dimeric forms, we investigated the extent to which trimers of laminin-111 chemically conjugated to FH (L1pT-FH) can increase the expression of acinar differentiation markers and elevate saliva secretion. In vitro studies using Par-C10 acinar cells demonstrated that when compared with L1pM-FH, L1pT-FH induced similar levels of acinar-like cell clustering, polarization, lumen formation, and calcium signaling. To assess the performance of the trimeric complex in vivo, we compared the ability of L1pM-FH and L1pT-FH to increase acinar differentiation markers and restore saliva flow rate in a salivary gland wound model of C57BL/6 mice. Our results show that L1pT-FH applied to wounded mice significantly improved the expression of the acinar differentiation markers and saliva secretion when compared with the monomeric form. Together, these positive effects of L1pT-FH warrant its future testing in additional models of hyposalivation with the ultimate goal of applying this technology in humans.
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Catford SR, Lewis S, Halliday J, Kennedy J, O'Bryan MK, McBain J, Amor DJ, Rombauts L, Saffery R, Hart RJ, McLachlan RI. Health and fertility of ICSI-conceived young men: study protocol. Hum Reprod Open 2020; 2020:hoaa042. [PMID: 33033755 PMCID: PMC7532549 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTIONS What are the long-term health and reproductive outcomes for young men conceived using ICSI whose fathers had spermatogenic failure (STF)? Are there epigenetic consequences of ICSI conception? WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Currently, little is known about the health of ICSI-conceived adults, and in particular the health and reproductive potential of ICSI-conceived men whose fathers had STF. Only one group to date has assessed semen parameters and reproductive hormones in ICSI-conceived men and suggested higher rates of impaired semen quality compared to spontaneously conceived (SC) peers. Metabolic parameters in this same cohort of men were mostly comparable. No study has yet evaluated other aspects of adult health. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION This cohort study aims to evaluate the general health and development (aim 1), fertility and metabolic parameters (aim 2) and epigenetic signatures (aim 3) of ICSI-conceived sons whose fathers had STF (ICSI study group). There are three age-matched control groups: ICSI-conceived sons whose fathers had obstructive azoospermia (OAZ) and who will be recruited in this study, as well as IVF sons and SC sons, recruited from other studies. Of 1112 ICSI parents including fathers with STF and OAZ, 78% (n = 867) of mothers and 74% (n = 823) of fathers were traced and contacted. Recruitment of ICSI sons started in March 2017 and will finish in July 2020. Based on preliminary participation rates, we estimate the following sample size will be achieved for the ICSI study group: mothers n = 275, fathers n = 225, sons n = 115. Per aim, the sample sizes of OAZ-ICSI (estimated), IVF and SC controls are: Aim 1-OAZ-ICSI: 28 (maternal surveys)/12 (son surveys), IVF: 352 (maternal surveys)/244 (son surveys), SC: 428 (maternal surveys)/255 (son surveys); Aim 2-OAZ-ICSI: 12, IVF: 72 (metabolic data), SC: 391 (metabolic data)/365 (reproductive data); Aim 3-OAZ-ICSI: 12, IVF: 71, SC: 292. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS Eligible parents are those who underwent ICSI at one of two major infertility treatment centres in Victoria, Australia and gave birth to one or more males between January 1994 and January 2000. Eligible sons are those aged 18 years or older, whose fathers had STF or OAZ, and whose parents allow researchers to approach sons. IVF and SC controls are age-matched men derived from previous studies, some from the same source population. Participating ICSI parents and sons complete a questionnaire, the latter also undergoing a clinical assessment. Outcome measures include validated survey questions, physical examination (testicular volumes, BMI and resting blood pressure), reproductive hormones (testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, FSH, LH), serum metabolic parameters (fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, highly sensitive C-reactive protein) and semen analysis. For epigenetic and future genetic analyses, ICSI sons provide specimens of blood, saliva, sperm and seminal fluid while their parents provide a saliva sample. The primary outcomes of interest are the number of mother-reported hospitalisations of the son; son-reported quality of life; prevalence of moderate-severe oligozoospermia (sperm concentration <5 million/ml) and DNA methylation profile. For each outcome, differences between the ICSI study group and each control group will be investigated using multivariable linear and logistic regression for continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. Results will be presented as adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study is funded by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Partnership Grant (NHMRC APP1140706) and was partially funded by the Monash IVF Research and Education Foundation. L.R. is a minority shareholder and the Group Medical Director for Monash IVF Group, and reports personal fees from Monash IVF group and Ferring Australia, honoraria from Ferring Australia, and travel fees from Merck Serono, MSD and Guerbet; R.J.H. is the Medical Director of Fertility Specialists of Western Australia and has equity in Western IVF; R.I.M. is a consultant for and a shareholder of Monash IVF Group and S.R.C. reports personal fees from Besins Healthcare and non-financial support from Merck outside of the submitted work. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE Not applicable. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT Not applicable.
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Mendell J, Sahenk Z, Lehman K, Nease C, Lowes L, Miller N, Iammarino M, Alfano L, Vaiea J, Al-Zaidy S, Lewis S, Church K, Shell R, Potter R, Griffin D, Pozsgai E, Hogan M, Rodino-Klapac L. DMD – THERAPY. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rodino-Klapac L, Pozsgai E, Lewis S, Griffin D, Meadows A, Lehman K, Church K, Miller N, Iammarino M, Lowes L, Mendell J. LIMB GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Seo Y, Kempton A, Rogers O, Baine S, Lewis S, Adegboye K, Haile A, Griffin D, Peterson E, Pozsgai E, Rodino-Klapac L. LIMB GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lewis S, Mulla F. Diagnostic radiographers' experience of COVID-19, Gauteng South Africa. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 27:346-351. [PMID: 33004276 PMCID: PMC7500947 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction As of July 2020, South Africa (SA) had the fifth highest number of COVID-19 infections in the world, with the greatest contributor of these infections, being the province of Gauteng. Diagnostic radiographers in Gauteng providing chest CT, chest radiograph and MRI services are frontline workers experiencing these unprecedented times. Therefore, this study undertook to explore diagnostic radiographers’ experiences of COVID-19. Methods A qualitative approach using an asynchronous opened-ended online questionnaire was used to explore diagnostic radiographers’ experiences of COVID-19. Responses from purposively sampled diagnostic radiographers in Gauteng SA, underwent thematic analysis. Results Sixty diagnostic radiographers representing both the private and public health sector responded to the questionnaire. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: new work flow and operations, effect on radiographer well-being and radiographer resilience. Conclusion Besides experiencing a shift in their professional work routine and home/family dynamics, diagnostic radiographers’ well-being has also been impacted by COVID-19. Adapting to the “new way of work” has been challenging yet their resilience and dedication to their profession, providing quality patient care and skill expertise is their arsenal to combat these challenges. Implications for practice Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on diagnostic radiographers will allow radiology departments’ management, hospital management, professional bodies and educational institutions to re-evaluate provision of resources, training, employee wellness programs as well as policies and procedures.
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Townsend A, Abraham C, Barnes A, Collins M, Halliday E, Lewis S, Orton L, Ponsford R, Salway S, Whitehead M, Popay J. "I realised it weren't about spending the money. It's about doing something together:" the role of money in a community empowerment initiative and the implications for health and wellbeing. Soc Sci Med 2020; 260:113176. [PMID: 32717663 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Community initiatives aiming to reduce health inequalities are increasingly common in health policy. Though diverse many such initiatives aim to support residents of disadvantaged places to exercise greater collective control over decisions/actions that affect their lives - which research suggests is an important determinant of health - and some seek to achieve this by giving residents control over a budget. Informed by theoretical work in which community capabilities for collective control are conceptualised as different forms of power, and applying a relational lens, this paper presents findings on the potential role of money as a mechanism to enhance these capabilities from an on-going evaluation of a major place-based initiative being implemented in 150 neighbourhoods across England:The Big Local (BL). The research involved semi-structured interviews with 116 diverse stakeholders, including residents and participant observation in a diverse sample of 10 BL areas. We took a thematic constant comparative approach to the analysis of data from across the sites. The findings suggest that the money enabled the development of capabilities for collective control in these communities primarily by enhancing connectivity amongst residents and with external stakeholders. However, residents had to engage in significant 'relational work' to achieve these benefits and tensions around the money could hinder communities' 'power to act'. Greater social connectivity has been shown to directly affect individual and population health by increasing social cohesion and reducing loneliness. Additionally, supporting enhanced collective control of residents in these disadvantaged communities has the potential to improve population health and reduce health inequalities.
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Winichayakul S, Beechey-Gradwell Z, Muetzel S, Molano G, Crowther T, Lewis S, Xue H, Burke J, Bryan G, Roberts N. In vitro gas production and rumen fermentation profile of fresh and ensiled genetically modified high–metabolizable energy ryegrass. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2405-2418. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee K, Baird M, Lewis S, McInerney J, Dimmock M. Computed tomography learning via high-fidelity simulation for undergraduate radiography students. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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George G, Lewis S, Chopra S, Phurailatpam R, Engineer R. A Retrospective Study of the Dosimetric Parameters and Duodenal Toxicity in Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal and Gynaecological Cancers Treated With Radiation Therapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:e53-e59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Brause AR, Trucksess MW, Thomas FS, Page SW, Burke J, Tanner A, Hammack S, Woodward BB, Post S, Simmons D, Cherix G, Kennedy M, Lewis S, English N, Coppola ED, Kline L, Coopersmith A, Foos JF, Eisele TA, Krueger DA, Hofsommer HJ, MacDonald S, Hesford F, Lea A, Symonds P, Martin G, Acar J, Eksi A, Ardenghi R, Weiss J, Lee B, Woidich H. Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/79.2.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An AOAC International-International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-International Fruit Juice Union (AOAC-IUPAC-IFJU) collaborative study was conducted to evaluate a liquid chromatographic (LC) procedure for determination of patulin in apple juice. Patulin is a mold metabolite found naturally in rotting apples. Patulin is extracted with ethyl acetate, treated with sodium carbonate solution, and determined by reversed-phase LC with UV detection at 254 or 276 nm. Water, water-tetrahydrofuran, or water-acetonitrile was used as mobile phase. Levels determined in spiked test samples were 20, 50,100, and 200 μg/L. A test sample naturally contaminated at 31 μg/L was also included. Twenty-two collaborators in 10 countries analyzed 12 test samples of apple juice. Recoveries averaged 96%, with a range of 91-108%. Repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) ranged from 10.9 to 53.8%. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 15.1 to 68.8%. The LC method for determination of patulin in apple juice has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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Zygmunt LC, Paisley SD, Bromley G, Durany G, Ellis C, Elrefaie J, Fein R, Lewis S, Lee S, Marlett J, Peterson D, Prodolliet J, Tassin D, Weisz J, White P, Xia L. Enzymatic Method for Determination of (1→3)(1→4)-Beta-D-glucans in Grains and Cereals: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/76.5.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The McCleary enzymatic assay for mixed linkage (1→3)(1→4)-beta-D-glucans has been modified to apply to oat and barley fractions and ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals. The proposed method involves lower sample concentrations; stirring the samples; a longer, warmer lichenase digestion; and longer beta-glucosidase digestion. These changes result in higher recovery of beta-glucan. This modification expands on the American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) Method 32-22 by the addition of a desugaring procedure, which is necessary for RTE cereals. Results from collaborative studies sponsored by AACC and AOAC demonstrate good precision for an enzymatic assay. The average relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR, a measure of inter laboratory variation) for 20 oat, barley, and cereal samples was 9.7%. The average RSD for repeatability (RSDr, intralaboratory variation) was 5.0%. The enzymatic method has been adopted first action by AOAC International for determination of beta-glucans in oat and barley fractions, and ready-to-eat cereals.
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Pacheco D, Muetzel S, Lewis S, Dalley D, Bryant M, Waghorn GC. Rumen digesta and products of fermentation in cows fed varying proportions of fodder beet (Beta vulgaris) with fresh pasture or silage or straw. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Fodder beet (FB) is a popular feed for dairy cows in temperate climates due to its high yields, high digestibility, low nitrogen (N) content in the dry matter (DM) and convenience of feeding (grazing in situ). However, the risk of ruminal acidosis requires research to design feeding regimes that capture these benefits without compromising animal health. Aims To understand aspects of rumen function when FB is offered in conditions representative of practical feeding in temperate pastoral systems. Methods Two indoor experiments were undertaken; one with cows in late lactation fed fresh perennial ryegrass with three proportions of FB (0, 0.23 and 0.45) and another with non-lactating cows fed pasture silage with 0.65 FB or barley straw with 0.86 FB. Measurements included rumen pH, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonia concentrations determined at 2-h intervals, as well as daily individual cow intakes, estimates of microbial growth and rumen dynamics. Key results The inclusion of 0, 0.23 and 0.45 FB with fresh pasture in the did not affect daily DM intakes (~14.6 kg), milk yield (~10.7 kg), microbial synthesis (129 g of N/d) or fractional outflow rates of digesta (0.16/h; 11.2 L/h) of lactating cows. The non-lactating cow ration comprising 0.86 FB with straw was inappropriate and resulted in low intakes and insufficient dietary N. Microbial growth was approximately one-third of that in cows fed pasture silage with 0.65 FB. The ruminal pH reached lower values in all treatments where FB was offered. Rumen ammonia concentrations averaged 4.4 mmol/L in cows fed pasture but was sometimes undetectable in lactating cows fed 0.45 FB and in non-lactating cows. The amount of FB in the diet affected the extent of the circadian changes in molar proportions of SCFA. Conclusions Based on the results presented here, feeding fresh FB to dairy cows should not exceed ~0.4 of their DMI with pasture (late lactation), or ~0.6 of their intake with silage (non-lactating). Implications These findings could support evidence-based recommendations for FB use, considering its effects on aspects of rumen function, such as microbial protein synthesis and pH.
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Lewis S, Hopkins L, Evans T, Lewis W, Harries R. Testicular torsion treatment: the horns of a dilemma? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2019; 102:49-53. [PMID: 31755741 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2019.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular torsion treatment rests on the horns of a dilemma, with widespread national variation in whether the responsible surgical specialty is general surgery or urology, even in hospitals with both general surgery and urology emergency service assets. This study aimed to quantify higher surgical trainee operative experience and confidence in managing suspected testicular torsion in a single UK deanery (Wales). MATERIALS AND METHODS Anonymised logbook data were obtained via the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme version 10 using the head of school report function for all general surgery (n=53) and urology (n=15) higher surgical trainees, which were combined with the distribution of an electronic self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Median operative scrotal explorations recorded for all general surgery higher surgical trainees and senior general surgery higher surgical trainees (ST7+) was 7 (range 1-22) and 10 (range 1-22), compared with 21 (range 9-64, p=0.00104) and 24 (19-64, p<0.001) for urology higher surgical trainees. The questionnaire response rate was 64.6% (general surgery 31/50, urology 11/15). Confidence levels in assessing adult and paediatric patients were lower in general surgery when compared with urology higher surgical trainees: median adult confidence rate 7/10 compared with 9/10, and paediatric confidence rate 7/10 compared with 8/10 (p<0.001 and p=0.053, respectively). All higher surgical trainees preferred urology as the accountable hospital specialty when both assets were available. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION General surgery higher surgical trainees receive less than 50% of the operative exposure of urology higher surgical trainees in emergency scrotal surgery, which has important implications for curriculum competence development and patient safety.
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Klump SP, Allred MC, MacDonald JL, Ballam JM, Arora A, Cole S, Collison M, Ellefson W, Gensic J, Hazebroek J, Johns P, Klump S, Lewis S, Moghaddam M, Murphy P, Woollard DC. Determination of Isoflavones in Soy and Selected Foods Containing Soy by Extraction, Saponification, and Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/84.6.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Isoflavones are biologically active compounds occurring naturally in a variety of plants, with relatively high levels found in soybeans. Twelve laboratories participated in a collaborative study to determine the aglycon isoflavone content of 8 test samples of soy and foods containing soy. The analytical method for the determination of isoflavones incorporates a mild saponification step that reduces the number of analytes measured and permits quantitation versus commercially available, stable reference standards. Test samples were extracted at 65°C with methanol–water (80 + 20), saponified with dilute sodium hydroxide solution, and analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection at 260 nm. Isoflavone results were reported as μg/aglycon/g or μg aglycon equivalents/g. The 8 test samples included 2 blind duplicates and 4 single test samples with total isoflavone concentrations ranging from approximately 50 to 3000 μg/g. Test samples of soy ingredients and products made with soy were distributed to collaborators with appropriate reference standards. Collaborators were asked to analyze test samples in duplicate on 2 separate days. The data were analyzed for individual isoflavone components, subtotals of daidzin–daidzein, glycitin–glycitein, and genistin–genistein, and total isoflavones. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for repeatability was 1.8–7.1%, and the RSD for reproducibility was 3.2–16.1% for total isoflavone values of 47–3099 μg/g.
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Jonker A, MacLean S, Woyimo Woju C, Garcia Rendon Calzada M, Yu W, Molano G, Hickey S, Pinares-Patiño C, McEwan J, Janssen P, Sandoval E, Lewis S, Rowe S. Excreta emissions in progeny of low and high enteric methane yield selection line sheep fed pasture of different qualities. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kang S, Lewis S, Gladman J, Wardt V, Gibson J. Identifying People with Dementia in Electronic Primary Care Records in the UK. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many epidemiological questions need to be answered regarding dementia, including the causes, prognosis, comorbidities, and treatment of the condition and complications. A routine electronic primary care dataset provides a way of investigating some of the complicated factors with rich information. However, there has been concern regarding whether dementia is recorded well enough.
Methods
This study has therefore explored this by conducting a systematic review to understand how dementia has been identified previously in primary care databases in the UK, and added to this by exploring additional terms and symptoms, and medications that might be helpful in identifying people with dementia. The study estimated the prevalence and incidence rates of dementia in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database and compared with other longitudinal studies using the comprehensive list of diagnostic codes.
Results
The estimated incidence rates per 1,000 person-years for the 60+ age group who had any of the first diagnosis among the Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF) defined codes, Other diagnoses, Dementia symptoms and Prescribed medications were 2.5, 4.7, and 15.9 in 1995, 2004, and 2015 respectively. The estimated prevalence were 2.8, 3.2, and 10.2 in 1995, 2004, and 2015 respectively.
Conclusions
The codes related to dementia symptoms (represented by mini-mental state examination, the six item cognitive impairment test, referral to memory clinic and behaviour assessment) seem to cover a broad definition of dementia or pre-existing dementia population in the UK primary care records. At least, using of the Other diagnoses (represented by dementia annual review, senile/presenile dementia and dementia monitoring) in addition to the QOF defined codes, and Prescribed medications were evidenced that will not missing out a number of people with dementia.
Key messages
The codes related to dementia symptoms seem to cover a broad definition of dementia or pre-existing dementia population in electronic primary care records in the UK. Nevertheless, the codes about non-specific or temporary symptoms may need to be used carefully as it is possible for memory or cognitive function to be impaired temporarily due to other factors.
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Pottage T, Lewis S, Lansley A, Fraser S, Hendon-Dunn C, Bacon J, Ngabo D, Parks SR, Bennett AM. Hazard Group 3 agent decontamination using hydrogen peroxide vapour in a class III microbiological safety cabinet. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:116-123. [PMID: 31559683 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) at inactivating hazard group 3 bacteria that have been presented dried from their growth medium to present a realistic challenge. METHODS AND RESULTS Hydrogen peroxide vapour technology (Bioquell) was used to decontaminate a class III microbiological safety cabinet containing biological indicators (BIs) made by drying standard working suspensions of the following agents: Bacillus anthracis (Ames) spores, Brucella abortus (strain S99), Burkholderia pseudomallei (NCTC 12939), Escherichia coli O157 ST11 (NCTC 12079), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain H37Rv) and Yersinia pestis (strain CO92) on stainless steel coupons. Extended cycles were used to expose the agents for 90 min. The HPV cycle completely inactivated B. anthracis spores, B. abortus, B. pseudomallei, E. coli O157 and Y. pestis when BIs were processed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Whilst M. tuberculosis was not completely inactivated, it was reduced by 4 log10 from a starting concentration of 106 colony-forming units. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that HPV is able to inactivate a range of HG3 agents at high concentrations with associated organic matter, but M. tuberculosis showed increased resistance to the process. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This publication demonstrates that HPV can inactivate HG3 agents that have an organic load associated with them. It also shows that M. tuberculosis has higher resistance to HPV than other agents. This shows that an appropriate BI to represent the agent of interest should be chosen to demonstrate a decontamination is successful.
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Gureyev TE, Nesterets YI, Baran PM, Taba ST, Mayo SC, Thompson D, Arhatari B, Mihocic A, Abbey B, Lockie D, Fox J, Kumar B, Prodanovic Z, Hausermann D, Maksimenko A, Hall C, Peele AG, Dimmock M, Pavlov KM, Cholewa M, Lewis S, Tromba G, Quiney HM, Brennan PC. Propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography of mastectomy samples using synchrotron radiation. Med Phys 2019; 46:5478-5487. [PMID: 31574166 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Propagation-based phase-contrast computed tomography (PB-CT) is a method for three-dimensional x-ray imaging that utilizes refraction, as well as absorption, of x rays in the tissues to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the resultant images, in comparison with equivalent conventional absorption-only x-ray tomography (CT). Importantly, the higher SNR is achieved without sacrificing spatial resolution or increasing the radiation dose delivered to the imaged tissues. The present work has been carried out in the context of the current development of a breast CT imaging facility at the Australian Synchrotron. METHODS Seven unfixed complete mastectomy samples with and without breast cancer lesions have been imaged using absorption-only CT and PB-CT techniques under controlled experimental conditions. The radiation doses delivered to the mastectomy samples during the scans were comparable to those approved for mammographic screening. Physical characteristics of the reconstructed images, such as spatial resolution and SNR, have been measured and compared with the results of the radiological quality assessment of the complete absorption CT and PB-CT image stacks. RESULTS Despite the presence of some image artefacts, the PB-CT images have outperformed comparable absorption CT images collected at the same radiation dose, in terms of both the measured objective image characteristics and the radiological image scores. The outcomes of these experiments are shown to be consistent with predictions of the theory of PB-CT imaging and previous reported experimental studies of this imaging modality. CONCLUSIONS The results presented in this paper demonstrate that PB-CT holds a high potential for improving on the quality and diagnostic value of images obtained using existing medical x-ray technologies, such as mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). If implemented at suitable synchrotron imaging facilities, PB-CT can be used to complement existing imaging modalities, leading to more accurate breast cancer diagnosis.
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Rodino-Klapac L, Pozsgai E, Lewis S, Griffin D, Meadows A, Lehman K, Church K, Miller N, Iammarino M, Lowes L, Mendell J. CLINICAL TRIAL HIGHLIGHTS. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lewis S. Global neurological curricula, milestones, and the challenge of assessment of neurologic competence. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pacilè S, Dullin C, Baran P, Tonutti M, Perske C, Fischer U, Albers J, Arfelli F, Dreossi D, Pavlov K, Maksimenko A, Mayo SC, Nesterets YI, Taba ST, Lewis S, Brennan PC, Gureyev TE, Tromba G, Wienbeck S. Free propagation phase-contrast breast CT provides higher image quality than cone-beam breast-CT at low radiation doses: a feasibility study on human mastectomies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13762. [PMID: 31551475 PMCID: PMC6760215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we demonstrate the first direct comparison between synchrotron x-ray propagation-based CT (PB-CT) and cone-beam breast-CT (CB-CT) on human mastectomy specimens (N = 12) including different benign and malignant lesions. The image quality and diagnostic power of the obtained data sets were compared and judged by two independent expert radiologists. Two cases are presented in detail in this paper including a comparison with the corresponding histological evaluation. Results indicate that with PB-CT it is possible to increase the level of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) keeping the same level of dose used for the CB-CT or achieve the same level of CNR reached by CB-CT at a lower level of dose. In other words, PB-CT can achieve a higher diagnostic potential compared to the commercial breast-CT system while also delivering a considerably lower mean glandular dose. Therefore, we believe that PB-CT technique, if translated to a clinical setting, could have a significant impact in improving breast cancer diagnosis.
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Lewis S, Acreman S. SUN-LB656: Experiences of Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Radical Radiotherapy: A Qualitative Approach. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Settles J, Lewis S, Bell C, Lawhorne D. Malnutrition Across the Continuum of Care. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Getachew S, Lewis S, Britton J, Deressa W, Fogarty AW. Prevalence and risk factors for initiating tobacco and alcohol consumption in adolescents living in urban and rural Ethiopia. Public Health 2019; 174:118-126. [PMID: 31330474 PMCID: PMC7684154 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives African countries are potential high growth markets for the alcohol and tobacco industries. This study aimed to identify exposures that are associated with initiating use of alcohol and tobacco products in young people living in Ethiopia. As televised football and Internet viewing are media through which products can be promoted to this population efficiently, these risk factors were of particular interest. Study design This is a cross-sectional study. Methods Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire of 3967 children aged 13–19 years in 20 high schools in urban and rural Ethiopia on consumption and risk factors for alcohol and tobacco use in 2016, as well as exposure to potential sources of advertising. Results Eight percent of respondents reported having ever smoked and 3% were current smokers. Twenty-nine percent reported ever having used alcohol, and 14% were current users. Risk factors for ever smoking included father smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21 to 3.15), mother smoking (OR 3.90; 95% CI: 1.63 to 9.33), best friend smoking (OR 5.86; 95% CI: 4.31 to 7.96) and home Internet access (OR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.27). There was a very strong positive association between ever having smoked cigarettes and ever having tried alcohol (P < 0.001). Risk factors for currently drinking alcohol included father drinking (OR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.01), mother drinking (OR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.77), home Internet access (OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.90) and regular watching of televised football (OR 2.44 compared to those who do not; 95% CI: 1.58 to 3.78). Conclusions As in rich countries, tobacco and alcohol use among Ethiopian teenagers increases among those exposed to family and peer use but are also more common among those accessing the Internet and, for alcohol, those watching televised football. The effect of watching televised football on alcohol use, at least, is likely to be due to exposure to advertising. Rapid economic development is changing the environment in developing countries rapidly, generating a new potential market for the alcohol and tobacco industries. Fourteen percent of adolescents living in Ethiopia are regular consumers of alcohol, and 3% regularly smoke cigarettes. Regular watching of international football on television is associated with being a current consumer of alcohol. Public health strategies to modify alcohol and tobacco usage in adolescents living in Ethiopia need to consider that the Internet and televised football matches are potential sources of exposure to advertising aiming to promote consumption.
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Lewis S, Pieterse T, Lawrence H. Evaluating the use of exposure indicators in digital x-ray imaging system: Gauteng South Africa. Radiography (Lond) 2019; 25:e58-e62. [PMID: 31301792 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure indicators (EIs) are the only indicator of correct exposure technique in digital x-ray imaging systems but the use of such indicators remains largely unexplored in a South African setting. With exposure creep in the digital radiography age being a worldwide phenomenon, the study investigated radiographers' familiarity and use of EIs, providing insight into current exposure technique practices in this setting. METHODS An explorative and descriptive quantitative study was conducted at 10 randomly selected radiography clinical training facilities in Gauteng, South Africa. The study used a questionnaire consisting of 26 questions based on familiarity with and use of EIs and radiographers' attitude to ionising radiation. RESULTS A response of rate of 49.3% was achieved. Results show a low number of respondents (54.3%) had a perfectly correct understanding of the exposure indicator (EI) and only 55.7% of respondents made correct use of the EI. CONCLUSION Observable lack of familiarity and use of the EI suggests that improvements could be made to the training radiographers receive on digital imaging systems. Moreover radiographers need to be vigilant against making decisions in digital radiography using knowledge that may relate exclusively to analogue radiography.
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Edwards B, Lewis S. The Use of Technology in Programs for Students with Visual Impairments in Florida. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x9809200508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Teachers of students with visual impairments in Florida were surveyed to determine their use of various types of access technologies. Each category of device, with the exception of refreshable braille devices, was used by at least 25 percent of the teachers. The majority stated that they were not familiar with most of the devices listed and had difficulty acquiring the training needed to learn devices well enough to teach the students to use them. On the basis of these findings, recommendations for preservice and in-service training are suggested.
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Burges Watson D, Lewis S, Campbell M, Bryant V, Storey S, Deary V. Food play: A novel research methodology for visceral geographers and health researchers. Health Place 2019; 57:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chattopadhyay K, Akagwire U, Biswas M, Moore R, Rajania G, Lewis S. Role of lifestyle behaviours in the ethnic pattern of poor health outcomes in Leicester, England: analysis of a survey data set. Public Health 2019; 170:122-128. [PMID: 31029834 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mediation analyses were conducted to explore the contribution of lifestyle behaviours in the ethnic pattern of poor health outcomes in Leicester, England. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The study used data on 1959 participants from the Leicester Health and Well-being Survey (2015). Lifestyle behaviours were physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol drinking. Poor health outcomes were the presence of long-term illness and poor self-reported health. RESULTS Poor health outcomes were less common in Black and Minority Ethnic groups (BMEs) than Whites. Smoking was less common in BMEs than Whites. Poor health outcomes were more common in ex-smokers and current smokers than never smokers. Health outcomes were associated with smoking even after adjusting for ethnicity. The association of ethnicity and health outcomes reduced after adjusting for smoking, suggesting that the effect was mediated by smoking. CONCLUSIONS In Leicester, Whites had poorer health outcomes than BMEs, which were not mediated by physical activity, diet and alcohol drinking but were mediated by smoking.
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Sher A, Lewis S, Bishay V, Ranade M, Nowakowski F, Patel R, Kim E, Lookstein R, Fischman A. 04:12 PM Abstract No. 216 Transarterial chemoembolization with 40-90 micron radiopaque drug-eluting microspheres for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Gulliver J, Lewis S. Local experience of VSL#3 use in reducing pouchitis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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84
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Bryant E, Murtagh S, Olivier G, Lewis S, Moore A. Data for impact: exploring the benefits of standardised data collection in private physiotherapy practices across the UK. Physiotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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85
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Shaw C, Lewis S. Measuring dietetic outcomes in oncology. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rosen T, Elman A, Gogia K, Ulrey P, Connolly M, Lewis S, Lachs M, Clark S. PROSECUTING ELDER ABUSE, NEGLECT, AND EXPLOITATION: EXAMINATION OF A LARGE, URBAN U.S. COUNTY, 2008–2011. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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87
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Bainbridge Z, Lewis S, Bartley R, Fabricius K, Collier C, Waterhouse J, Garzon-Garcia A, Robson B, Burton J, Wenger A, Brodie J. Fine sediment and particulate organic matter: A review and case study on ridge-to-reef transport, transformations, fates, and impacts on marine ecosystems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:1205-1220. [PMID: 30301020 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies documenting the effects of land-derived suspended particulate matter (SPM, i.e., particulate organic matter and mineral sediment) on marine ecosystems are typically disconnected from terrestrial studies that determine their origin, transport and fate. This study reviews sources, transport, transformations, fate and effects of SPM along the 'ridge-to-reef' continuum. We show that some of the SPM can be transported over long distances and transformed into large and easily resuspendible organic-rich sediment flocs. These flocs may lead to prolonged reductions in water clarity, impacting upon coral reef, seagrass and fish communities. Using the Great Barrier Reef (NE Australia) as a case study, we identify the latest research tools to determine thresholds of SPM exposure, allowing for an improved appreciation of marine risk. These tools are used to determine ecologically-relevant end-of-basin load targets and reliable marine water quality guidelines, thereby enabling enhanced prioritisation and management of SPM export from ridge-to-reef.
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Usman A, Lewis S, Hinsliff-Smith K, Long A, Housley G, Jordan J, Gage H, Dening T, Gladman JRF, Gordon AL. 46MEASURING HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF CARE HOME RESIDENTS, COMPARISON OF SELF-REPORT BY OLDER PEOPLE WITH CAPACITY TO CONSENT AND STAFF PROXIES USING EQ-5D-5L AND HOWRU. Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy121.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Housley G, Usman A, Lewis S, Shaw DE, Gordon AL. 44MEASURING AGREEMENT BETWEEN CARE HOME RESIDENCY STATUS ON PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CARE DATABASES. Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy121.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Murphy P, Lewis S. Retrospective audit of micronutrient status in patients receiving supplementary intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) fluids at home. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Atkinson C, Howes N, Thomas S, Lewis S. Immunonutrition for patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yarmolinsky J, Walther A, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Relton C, Martin R, Lewis S. PO-068 Atlas of causal risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer risk: a mendelian randomization analysis in up to 66 450 women. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Daines L, McLean S, Buelo A, Lewis S, Sheikh A, Pinnock H. Clinical prediction models to support the diagnosis of asthma in primary care: a systematic review protocol. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2018; 28:15. [PMID: 29777106 PMCID: PMC5959853 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-018-0086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial over-diagnosis and under-diagnosis of asthma in adults and children has recently been reported. As asthma is mostly diagnosed in non-specialist settings, a clinical prediction model (CPM) to aid the diagnosis of asthma in primary care may help improve diagnostic accuracy. We aim to systematically identify, describe, compare, and synthesise existing CPMs designed to support the diagnosis of asthma in children and adults presenting with symptoms suggestive of the disease, in primary care settings or equivalent populations. We will systematically search Medline, Embase and CINAHL from 1 January 1990 to present. Any CPM derived for use in a primary care population will be included. Equivalent populations in countries without a developed primary care service will also be included. The probability of asthma diagnosis will be the primary outcome. We will include CPMs designed for use in clinical practice to aid the diagnostic decision making of a healthcare professional during the assessment of an individual with symptoms suggestive of asthma. We will include derivation studies, and external model validation studies. Two reviewers will independently screen titles/abstracts and full texts for eligibility and extract data from included papers. The CHARMS checklist (or PROBAST if available) will be used to assess risk of bias within each study. Results will be summarised by narrative synthesis with meta-analyses completed if possible. This systematic review will provide comprehensive information about existing CPMs for the diagnosis of asthma in primary care and will inform the development of a future diagnostic model.
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Tse E, Bao S, Campbell M, Carson N, Hussaina H, Maher KS, Beyzaei N, Kemethofer M, Seidenberger M, Spruyt K, Lewis S, Ipsiroglu O, Klosch G. 0635 Vigilance Observations - Learning from Nighttime Driving Behaviours. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Tsang STJ, McHugh MP, Guerendiain D, Gwynne P, Boyd J, Laurenson IF, Templeton KE, Lewis S, Simpson AHRW, Walsh TS. Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus eradication therapy in orthopaedic surgery. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:893-901. [PMID: 29671723 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite WHO recommendations, there is currently no national screening and eradication policy for the detection of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in the UK prior to elective orthopaedic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of current standard methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) eradication therapies in the context of S. aureus (both MRSA and MSSA) decolonization in an elective orthopaedic population. METHODOLOGY A total of 100 patients awaiting joint replacement surgery who were positive for S. aureus on PCR nasal screening underwent the current standard MRSA pre-operative decolonization regimen for 5 days. Prior to commencement of the eradication therapy, swabs of the anterior nares, throat and perineum were taken for culture. Further culture swabs were taken at 48-96 h following treatment, at hospital admission for surgery and at hospital discharge. Following the completion of treatment, patients were asked to provide feedback on their experience using Likert rating scales. The primary outcome of this study was S. aureus clearance 48-96 h following eradication treatment.Results/Key Findings. Clearance of S. aureus 48-96 h following treatment was 94 % anterior nares, 66 % throat and 88 % groin. Mean completion with nasal mupirocin was 98 %. There was no statistically significant recolonization effect between the end of the eradication treatment period and the day of surgery (P>0.05) at a median time of 10 days. CONCLUSION Current MRSA decolonisation regimens are well tolerated and effective for MSSA decolonization for the anterior nares and groin. The decolonization effect is preserved for at least 10 days following treatment.
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Dickson SJ, Clay KA, Adam M, Ardley C, Bailey MS, Burns DS, Cox AT, Craig DG, Espina M, Ewington I, Fitchett G, Grindrod J, Hinsley DE, Horne S, Hutley E, Johnston AM, Kao RLC, Lamb LE, Lewis S, Marion D, Moore AJ, Nicholson-Roberts TC, Phillips A, Praught J, Rees PS, Schoonbaert I, Trinick T, Wilson DR, Simpson AJ, Wang D, O'Shea MK, Fletcher TE. Enhanced case management can be delivered for patients with EVD in Africa: Experience from a UK military Ebola treatment centre in Sierra Leone. J Infect 2018; 76:383-392. [PMID: 29248587 PMCID: PMC5903873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist describing supportive care management, laboratory abnormalities and outcomes in patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa. We report data which constitute the first description of the provision of enhanced EVD case management protocols in a West African setting. METHODS Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected by retrospective review of clinical and laboratory records of patients with confirmed EVD admitted between 5 November 2014 and 30 June 2015. RESULTS A total of 44 EVD patients were admitted (median age 37 years (range 17-63), 32/44 healthcare workers), and excluding those evacuated, the case fatality rate was 49% (95% CI 33%-65%). No pregnant women were admitted. At admission 9/44 had stage 1 disease (fever and constitutional symptoms only), 12/44 had stage 2 disease (presence of diarrhoea and/or vomiting) and 23/44 had stage 3 disease (presence of diarrhoea and/or vomiting with organ failure), with case fatality rates of 11% (95% CI 1%-58%), 27% (95% CI 6%-61%), and 70% (95% CI 47%-87%) respectively (p = 0.009). Haemorrhage occurred in 17/41 (41%) patients. The majority (21/40) of patients had hypokalaemia with hyperkalaemia occurring in 12/40 patients. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 20/40 patients, with 14/20 (70%, 95% CI 46%-88%) dying, compared to 5/20 (25%, 95% CI 9%-49%) dying who did not have AKI (p = 0.01). Ebola virus (EBOV) PCR cycle threshold value at baseline was mean 20.3 (SD 4.3) in fatal cases and 24.8 (SD 5.5) in survivors (p = 0.007). Mean national early warning score (NEWS) at admission was 5.5 (SD 4.4) in fatal cases and 3.0 (SD 1.9) in survivors (p = 0.02). Central venous catheters were placed in 37/41 patients and intravenous fluid administered to 40/41 patients (median duration of 5 days). Faecal management systems were inserted in 21/41 patients, urinary catheters placed in 27/41 and blood component therapy administered to 20/41 patients. CONCLUSIONS EVD is commonly associated life-threatening electrolyte imbalance and organ dysfunction. We believe that the enhanced levels of protocolized care, scale and range of medical interventions we report, offer a blueprint for the future management of EVD in resource-limited settings.
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Voutsinas N, Kolber M, Bishay V, Ranade M, Patel R, Nowakowski F, Lewis S, Lookstein R, Fischman A, Kim E. 3:45 PM Abstract No. 176 Effect of microwave ablation on iodized oil stain after chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Shukla P, Anastos H, Winoker J, Carrick M, Sfakianos J, Knauer C, Taouli B, Lewis S, Schwartz J, Rastinehad A. 3:36 PM Abstract No. 336 MR/US fusion-guided ultra-focal gold nanoparticle directed photothermal ablation of prostate gland tumors: results in 9 patients (phase II trial). J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Burges Watson DL, Lewis S, Bryant V, Patterson J, Kelly C, Edwards-Stuart R, Murtagh MJ, Deary V. Altered eating: a definition and framework for assessment and intervention. BMC Nutr 2018; 4:14. [PMID: 32153878 PMCID: PMC7050903 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-018-0221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eating can be a significant challenge for cancer survivors; however, to date there is no systematic way of assessing and addressing food related quality of life in this group. The purpose of our study was to develop a framework for doing so. Methods Over the course of 6 years in participant-led food workshops, we worked alongside 25 head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors and their partners, employing video-reflexive ethnographic (VRE) methods. The current study reports on data from the two summative workshops of this series where we worked with participants to cohere the emergent themes. Video and transcripts were reviewed and coded with participants and stakeholders according to domains of life that were affected by food. Three of the authors, one of whom is both survivor and researcher, arrived at the consensus framework. Results Seven areas of life were identified as affecting, or being affected by, altered eating. Three were physiological: anatomical, functional and sensory. Two captured the cognitive and behavioural labour of eating. Social life and identity were altered. The foregoing had an enduring emotional impact. Conclusions Altered eating has physical, emotional and social consequences. The altered eating framework provides a systematic way of exploring those consequences with individual survivors. This framework has the potential to improve both the assessment and treatment of altered eating, to benefit food-related quality of life.
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Lewis S. Relationship between Longevity and Lifeline. J R Soc Med 2018; 83:753. [PMID: 2250282 PMCID: PMC1292937 DOI: 10.1177/014107689008301130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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