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Zuo Y, Chen L, Hu X, Wang F, Yang Y. Silver Nanoprism Enhanced Colorimetry for Precise Detection of Dissolved Oxygen. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E383. [PMID: 32260450 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) content is an essential indicator for evaluating the quality of the water body and the main parameter for water quality monitoring. The development of high-precision DO detection methods is of great significance. This paper reports an integrated optofluidic device for the high precision measurement of dissolved oxygen based on the characteristics of silver nanoprisms. Metal nanoparticles, especially silver nanoprisms, are extremely sensitive to their surroundings. In glucose and glucose oxidase systems, dissolved oxygen will be transformed into H2O2, which affects the oxidation and erosion process of nanoprisms, then influences the optical properties of nanoparticles. By detecting the shift in the plasma resonance peak of the silver nanoparticles, the dissolved oxygen (DO) content can be determined accurately. Great reconfigurability is one of the most significant advantages of the optofluidic device. By simply adjusting the flow rate ratio between the silver nanoprisms flow and the water sample flow, real-time continuous adjustment of the detection ranges of DO from 0 to 16 mg/L can be realized dynamically. The detection limit of this device is as low as 0.11 µM (3.52 µg/L) for DO measurement. Thus, the present optofluidic system has a wide range of potential applications in fields of biomedical analyses and water sensing.
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Durand-de Cuttoli R, Chauhan PS, Pétriz Reyes A, Faure P, Mourot A, Ellis-Davies GCR. Optofluidic control of rodent learning using cloaked caged glutamate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6831-5. [PMID: 32152102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920869117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and photochemical release of glutamate (or uncaging) is a chemical technique widely used by biologists to interrogate its physiology. A basic prerequisite of these optical probes is bio-inertness before photolysis. However, all caged glutamates are known to have strong antagonism toward receptors of γ-aminobutyric acid, the major inhibitory transmitter. We have developed a caged glutamate probe that is inert toward these receptors at concentrations that are effective for photolysis with violet light. Pharmacological tests in vitro revealed that attachment of a fifth-generation (G5) dendrimer (i.e., cloaking) to the widely used 4-methoxy-7-nitro-indolinyl(MNI)-Glu probe prevented such off-target effects while not changing the photochemical properties of MNI-Glu significantly. G5-MNI-Glu was used with optofluidic delivery to stimulate dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area of freely moving mice in a conditioned place-preference protocol so as to mediate Pavlovian conditioning.
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Li Q, Lin H, Huang X, Lyu M, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang R. Paper-based Photocatalysts Immobilization without Coffee Ring Effect for Photocatalytic Water Purification. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E244. [PMID: 32111056 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water purification is important for the degradation of organic pollutants, attracting intensive interests. Photocatalysts are preferred to be immobilized on a substrate in order to reduce the laborious separation and recycling steps. To get uniform irradiation, the photocatalysts are preferred to be even/uniform on the substrate without aggregation. Generally, the "coffee ring effect" occurs on the substrate during solvent evaporation, unfortunately resulting in the aggregation of the photocatalysts. This aggregation inevitably blocks the exposure of active sites, reactant exchange, and light absorption. Here, we reported a paper-based photocatalyst immobilization method to solve the "coffee ring" problem. We also used a "drop reactor" to achieve good photocatalytic efficiency with the advantages of large surface area, short diffusion lengths, simple operation, and uniform light absorption. Compared with the coffee ring type, the paper-based method showed higher water purification efficiency, indicating its potential application value in the future.
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Abstract
In our recent work, we developed an optofluidic platform that allows a direct link to be made between the phenotypes (functions) and the genotypes (genes) of microbial cells within natural communities. By combining stable isotope probing, optical tweezers, Raman microspectroscopy, and microfluidics, the platform performs automated Raman-based sorting of taxa from within a complex community in terms of their functional properties. In comparison with manual sorting approaches, our method provides high throughput (up to 500 cells per hour) and very high sorting accuracy (98.3 ± 1.7%), and significantly reduces the human labour required. The system provides an efficient manner to untangle the contributions of individual members within environmental and host-associated microbiomes. In this News and Thoughts, we provide an overview of our platform, describe potential applications, suggest ways in which the system could be improved, and discuss future directions in which Raman-based analysis of microbial populations might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Soo Lee
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wagner
- University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang F, Zhu J, Chen L, Zuo Y, Hu X, Yang Y. Autonomous and In Situ Ocean Environmental Monitoring on Optofluidic Platform. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E69. [PMID: 31936398 PMCID: PMC7019421 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Determining the distributions and variations of chemical elements in oceans has significant meanings for understanding the biogeochemical cycles, evaluating seawater pollution, and forecasting the occurrence of marine disasters. The primary chemical parameters of ocean monitoring include nutrients, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and heavy metals. At present, ocean monitoring mainly relies on laboratory analysis, which is hindered in applications due to its large size, high power consumption, and low representative and time-sensitive detection results. By integrating photonics and microfluidics into one chip, optofluidics brings new opportunities to develop portable microsystems for ocean monitoring. Optofluidic platforms have advantages in respect of size, cost, timeliness, and parallel processing of samples compared with traditional instruments. This review describes the applications of optofluidic platforms on autonomous and in situ ocean environmental monitoring, with an emphasis on their principles, sensing properties, advantages, and disadvantages. Predictably, autonomous and in situ systems based on optofluidic platforms will have important applications in ocean environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (F.W.); (J.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiaomeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (F.W.); (J.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (F.W.); (J.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yunfeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (F.W.); (J.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xuejia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (F.W.); (J.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (F.W.); (J.Z.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Van Grinsven KL, Ousati Ashtiani A, Jiang H. Lorentz Force Actuated Tunable-Focus Liquid Lens. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E714. [PMID: 31652548 PMCID: PMC6843212 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tunable-focus liquid lenses provide focal length tuning for optical systems, e.g., cameras, where physical movement of rigid lenses are not an option or not preferable. In this work we present a magnetically actuated liquid lens utilizing the Lorentz force to vary the focal length as the current through the system is varied. The resulting lens can operate as both a diverging and a converging lens depending on the direction of current applied and has a large range of focal lengths, from -305 mm to -111 mm and from 272 mm to 146 mm. We also characterized the aberrations of the lens during the actuation with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, and utilized the lens for imaging, during which we measured a resolution of 7.13 lp/mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari L Van Grinsven
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Alireza Ousati Ashtiani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Hongrui Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Zhang C, Xu B, Gong C, Luo J, Zhang Q, Gong Y. Fiber Optofluidic Technology Based on Optical Force and Photothermal Effects. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E499. [PMID: 31357458 PMCID: PMC6722967 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidics is an exciting new area of study resulting from the fusion of microfluidics and photonics. It broadens the application and extends the functionality of microfluidics and has been extensively investigated in biocontrol, molecular diagnosis, material synthesis, and drug delivery. When light interacts with a microfluidic system, optical force and/or photothermal effects may occur due to the strong interaction between light and liquid. Such opto-physical effects can be used for optical manipulation and sensing due to their unique advantages over conventional microfluidics and photonics, including their simple fabrication process, flexible manipulation capability, compact configuration, and low cost. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in fiber optofluidic (FOF) technology based on optical force and photothermal effects in manipulation and sensing applications. Optical force can be used for optofluidic manipulation and sensing in two categories: stable single optical traps and stable combined optical traps. The photothermal effect can be applied to optofluidics based on two major structures: optical microfibers and optical fiber tips. The advantages and disadvantages of each FOF technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Zhang
- Science and Technology on Security Communication Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bingjie Xu
- Science and Technology on Security Communication Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jingtang Luo
- State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quanming Zhang
- State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
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58
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Surdo S, Duocastella M. Fast Acoustic Light Sculpting for On-Demand Maskless Lithography. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1900304. [PMID: 31380209 PMCID: PMC6662050 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light interference is the primary enabler of a number of optical maskless techniques for the large-scale processing of materials at the nanoscale. However, methods controlling interference phenomena can be limited in speed, ease of implementation, or the selection of pattern designs. Here, an optofluidic system that employs acoustic standing waves in a liquid to produce complex interference patterns at sub-microsecond temporal resolution, faster than the pulse-to-pulse period of many commercial laser systems, is presented. By controlling the frequency of the acoustic waves and the motion of a translation stage, additive and subtractive direct-writing of tailored patterns over cm2 areas with sub-wavelength uniformity in periodicity and scalable spatial resolution, down to the nanometric range, are demonstrated. Such on-the-fly dynamic control of light enhances throughput and design flexibility of optical maskless lithography, helping to expand its application portfolio to areas as important as plasmonics, electronics, or metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Surdo
- NanophysicsIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenovaItaly
| | - Martí Duocastella
- NanophysicsIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenovaItaly
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59
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He J, Hu S, Ren J, Cheng X, Hu Z, Wang N, Zhang H, Lam RHW, Tam HY. Biofluidic Random Laser Cytometer for Biophysical Phenotyping of Cell Suspensions. ACS Sens 2019; 4:832-840. [PMID: 30854844 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic profiling of single floating cells in liquid biopsies is the key to the era of precision medicine. A random laser in biofluids is a promising tool for the label-free characterization of the biophysical properties as a result of the high brightness and sharp peaks of the lasing spectra, yet previous reports were limited to the random laser in solid tissues with dense scattering. In this report, a random laser cytometer is demonstrated in an optofluidic device filled with gain medium and human breast normal/cancerous cells. The multiple lightscattering event induced by the microscale human cells promotes random lasing and influences the lasing properties in term of laser modes, spectral wavelengths, and lasing thresholds. A sensing strategy based on analyzing the lasing properties is developed to determine both the whole cell and the subcellular biophysical properties, and the malignant alterations of the cell suspensions are successfully detected. Our results provide a new approach to designing a label-free biophysical cytometer based on optofluidic random laser devices, which is advantageous for further research in the field of random laser bioapplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun He
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuhuan Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong High-Throughput Sequencing Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jifeng Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijia Hu
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Ning Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huangui Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong High-Throughput Sequencing Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Raymond H. W. Lam
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hwa-Yaw Tam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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60
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Black JA, Hamilton E, Hueros RAR, Parks JW, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Enhanced Detection of Single Viruses On-Chip via Hydrodynamic Focusing. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 2019; 25:7201206. [PMID: 30686911 PMCID: PMC6345258 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2018.2854574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Planar optofluidics provide a powerful tool for facilitating chip-scale light-matter interactions. Silicon-based liquid core waveguides have been shown to offer single molecule sensitivity for efficient detection of bioparticles. Recently, a PDMS based planar optofluidic platform was introduced that opens the way to rapid development and prototyping of unique structures, taking advantage of the positive attributes of silicon dioxide-based optofluidics and PDMS based microfluidics. Here, hydrodynamic focusing is integrated into a PDMS based optofluidic chip to enhance the detection of single H1N1 viruses on-chip. Chip-plane focusing is provided by a system of microfluidic channels to force the particles towards a region of high optical collection efficiency. Focusing is demonstrated and enhanced detection is quantified using fluorescent polystyrene beads where the coefficient of variation is found to decrease by a factor of 4 with the addition of hydrodynamic focusing. The mean signal amplitude of fluorescently tagged single H1N1 viruses is found to increase with the addition of focusing by a factor of 1.64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Black
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Erik Hamilton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Raúl A Reyes Hueros
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Joshua W Parks
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Aaron R Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
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Italia V, Giakoumaki AN, Bonfadini S, Bharadwaj V, Le Phu T, Eaton SM, Ramponi R, Bergamini G, Lanzani G, Criante L. Laser-Inscribed Glass Microfluidic Device for Non-Mixing Flow of Miscible Solvents. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 10:mi10010023. [PMID: 30597992 PMCID: PMC6356550 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant research on integrated microfluidic devices. Microfluidics offer an advantageous platform for the parallel laminar flow of adjacent solvents of potential use in modern chemistry and biology. To reach that aim, we worked towards the realization of a buried microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip which enables the separation of the two components by exploiting the non-mixing properties of laminar flow. To fabricate the aforementioned chip, we employed a femtosecond laser irradiation technique followed by chemical etching. To optimize the configuration of the chip, several geometrical and structural parameters were taken into account. The diffusive mass transfer between the two fluids was estimated and the optimal chip configuration for low diffusion rate of the components was defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Italia
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Argyro N Giakoumaki
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvio Bonfadini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Vibhav Bharadwaj
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Thien Le Phu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Shane M Eaton
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ramponi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician University of Bologna Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luigino Criante
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Meena GG, Jain A, Parks JW, Stambaugh A, Patterson JL, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Integration of sample preparation and analysis into an optofluidic chip for multi-target disease detection. Lab Chip 2018; 18:3678-3686. [PMID: 30376021 PMCID: PMC6264894 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00966j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Detection of molecular biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity from biological samples requires both sophisticated sample preparation and subsequent analysis. These tasks are often carried out on separate platforms which increases required sample volumes and the risk of errors, sample loss, and contamination. Here, we present an optofluidic platform which combines an optical detection section with single nucleic acid strand sensitivity, and a sample processing unit capable of on-chip, specific extraction and labeling of nucleic acid and protein targets in complex biological matrices. First, on-chip labeling and detection of individual lambda DNA molecules down to concentrations of 8 fM is demonstrated. Subsequently, we demonstrate the simultaneous capture, fluorescence tagging and detection of both Zika specific nucleic acid and NS-1 protein targets in both buffer and human serum. We show that the dual DNA and protein assay allows for successful differentiation and diagnosis of Zika against cross-reacting species like dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopikrishnan G Meena
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Aadhar Jain
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Joshua W Parks
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Alexandra Stambaugh
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Aaron R Hawkins
- ECEn Department, Brigham Young University, 459 Clyde Building, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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63
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Algorri JF, Zografopoulos DC, Tapetado A, Poudereux D, Sánchez-Pena JM. Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E4263. [PMID: 30518084 PMCID: PMC6308598 DOI: 10.3390/s18124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are a special class of optical fibers with a periodic arrangement of microstructured holes located in the fiber's cladding. Light confinement is achieved by means of either index-guiding, or the photonic bandgap effect in a low-index core. Ever since PCFs were first demonstrated in 1995, their special characteristics, such as potentially high birefringence, very small or high nonlinearity, low propagation losses, and controllable dispersion parameters, have rendered them unique for many applications, such as sensors, high-power pulse transmission, and biomedical studies. When the holes of PCFs are filled with solids, liquids or gases, unprecedented opportunities for applications emerge. These include, but are not limited in, supercontinuum generation, propulsion of atoms through a hollow fiber core, fiber-loaded Bose⁻Einstein condensates, as well as enhanced sensing and measurement devices. For this reason, infiltrated PCF have been the focus of intensive research in recent years. In this review, the fundamentals and fabrication of PCF infiltrated with different materials are discussed. In addition, potential applications of infiltrated PCF sensors are reviewed, identifying the challenges and limitations to scale up and commercialize this novel technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- GDAF-UC3M, Displays and Photonics Applications Group, Electronic Technology Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dimitrios C Zografopoulos
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Tapetado
- GDAF-UC3M, Displays and Photonics Applications Group, Electronic Technology Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Poudereux
- Alter Technoology TÜV Nord S.A.U. C/La Majada 3, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Pena
- GDAF-UC3M, Displays and Photonics Applications Group, Electronic Technology Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain.
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Lee Y, Kim B, Oh I, Choi S. Optofluidic Modular Blocks for On-Demand and Open-Source Prototyping of Microfluidic Systems. Small 2018; 14:e1802769. [PMID: 30375722 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices has advanced greatly, along with the development of 3D printing and micromachining technologies. However, peripheral systems for microfluidics still rely on conventional equipment, such as bench-top microscopy and syringe pumps, which limit system modification and further improvements. Herein, optofluidic modular blocks are presented as discrete elements to modularize peripheral optical and fluidic systems and are used for on-demand and open-source prototyping of whole microfluidic systems. Each modular block is fabricated by embedding optical or fluidic devices into the corresponding 3D-printed housing. The self-interlocking structure of the modular blocks enables easy assembly and reconfiguration of the blocks in an intuitive manner, while also providing precise optical and fluidic alignment between the blocks. With the library of standardized modular blocks developed here, how the blocks can be easily assembled to build whole microfluidic systems for blood compatibility testing, droplet microfluidics, and cell migration assays is demonstrated. Based on the simplicity of assembling the optofluidic blocks, the prototyping platform can be easily used for open-source sharing of digital design files, assembly and operation instructions, and block specifications, thereby making it easy for nonexperts to implement microfluidic ideas as physical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Insung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
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65
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Yuan R, Nagarajan MB, Lee J, Voldman J, Doyle PS, Fink Y. Designable 3D Microshapes Fabricated at the Intersection of Structured Flow and Optical Fields. Small 2018; 14:e1803585. [PMID: 30369043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
3D structures with complex geometric features at the microscale, such as microparticles and microfibers, have promising applications in biomedical engineering, self-assembly, and photonics. Fabrication of complex 3D microshapes at scale poses a unique challenge; high-resolution methods such as two-photon-polymerization have print speeds too low for high-throughput production, while top-down approaches for bulk processing using microfabricated template molds have limited control of microstructure geometries over multiple axes. Here, a method for microshape fabrication is presented that combines a thermally drawn transparent fiber template with a masked UV-photopolymerization approach to enable biaxial control of microshape fabrication. Using this approach, high-resolution production of complex microshapes not producible using alternative methods is demonstrated, such as octahedrons, dreidels, and axially asymmetric fibers, at throughputs as high as 825 structures/minute. Finally, the fiber template is functionalized with conductive electrodes to enable hierarchical subparticle localization using dielectrophoretic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Maxwell B Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jaemyon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joel Voldman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yoel Fink
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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66
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Abstract
The ability to manipulate small objects and to produce patterns on the nano- and microscale is of great importance, both with respect to fundamentals and technological applications. The manipulation of particles with diameters of the order of 100 nm or below is a challenge because of their Brownian motion but also because of the scaling behavior of methods such as optical trapping. The unification of optical and hydrodynamic forces is a potential route toward the manipulation of tiny objects. Herein we demonstrate the trapping and manipulation of nano- and microparticles based on interfacial flows controlled by visible light, a method we denote as "Light-Actuated Marangoni Tweezer (LAMT)". We experimentally study the manipulation of particles having diameters ranging from 20 nm to 10 μm, including quantum dots and polystyrene nano/microparticles. The particles can be manipulated by scanning a light beam along a liquid surface. In this way, we are able to define almost arbitrary particle trajectories, for example, in the form of letters. In addition, we are able to handle a number of particles in parallel by creating an optical "landscape" consisting of a multitude of laser spots. The inherent advantages of LAMTs are the linear scaling of the trapping force with the particle diameter and the fact that the force is less dependent on particle properties than in the case of conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunjing Lv
- Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
- Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , China
| | | | - Tobias Baier
- Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
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67
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Paiè P, Martínez Vázquez R, Osellame R, Bragheri F, Bassi A. Microfluidic Based Optical Microscopes on Chip. Cytometry A 2018; 93:987-996. [PMID: 30211977 PMCID: PMC6220811 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Last decade's advancements in optofluidics allowed obtaining an ever increasing integration of different functionalities in lab on chip devices to culture, analyze, and manipulate single cells and entire biological specimens. Despite the importance of optical imaging for biological sample monitoring in microfluidics, imaging is traditionally achieved by placing microfluidics channels in standard bench-top optical microscopes. Recently, the development of either integrated optical elements or lensless imaging methods allowed optical imaging techniques to be implemented in lab on chip systems, thus increasing their automation, compactness, and portability. In this review, we discuss known solutions to implement microscopes on chip that exploit different optical methods such as bright-field, phase contrast, holographic, and fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Paiè
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
- Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
- Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
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68
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Paulsen KS, Deng Y, Chung AJ. DIY 3D Microparticle Generation from Next Generation Optofluidic Fabrication. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1800252. [PMID: 30027056 PMCID: PMC6051230 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Complex-shaped microparticles can enhance applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and structural materials, although techniques to fabricate these particles remain limited. A microfluidics-based process called optofluidic fabrication that utilizes inertial flows and ultraviolet polymerization has shown great potential for creating highly 3D-shaped particles in a high-throughput manner, but the particle dimensions are mainly at the millimeter scale. Here, a next generation optofluidic fabrication process is presented that utilizes on-the-fly fabricated multiscale fluidic channels producing customized sub-100 µm 3D-shaped microparticles. This flexible design scheme offers a user-friendly platform for rapid prototyping of new 3D particle shapes, providing greater potential for creating impactful engineered microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Paulsen
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)TroyNY12180USA
- Engineering DirectorateLawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)LivermoreCA94550USA
| | - Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)TroyNY12180USA
| | - Aram J. Chung
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)TroyNY12180USA
- School of Biomedical EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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69
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Landry ZC, Vergin K, Mannenbach C, Block S, Yang Q, Blainey P, Carlson C, Giovannoni S. Optofluidic Single-Cell Genome Amplification of Sub-micron Bacteria in the Ocean Subsurface. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1152. [PMID: 29937754 PMCID: PMC6003095 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Optofluidic single-cell genome amplification was used to obtain genome sequences from sub-micron cells collected from the euphotic and mesopelagic zones of the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Plankton cells were visually selected and manually sorted with an optical trap, yielding 20 partial genome sequences representing seven bacterial phyla. Two organisms, E01-9C-26 (Gammaproteobacteria), represented by four single cell genomes, and Opi.OSU.00C, an uncharacterized Verrucomicrobia, were the first of their types retrieved by single cell genome sequencing and were studied in detail. Metagenomic data showed that E01-9C-26 is found throughout the dark ocean, while Opi.OSU.00C was observed to bloom transiently in the nutrient-depleted euphotic zone of the late spring and early summer. The E01-9C-26 genomes had an estimated size of 4.76-5.05 Mbps, and contained "O" and "W"-type monooxygenase genes related to methane and ammonium monooxygenases that were previously reported from ocean metagenomes. Metabolic reconstruction indicated E01-9C-26 are likely versatile methylotrophs capable of scavenging C1 compounds, methylated compounds, reduced sulfur compounds, and a wide range of amines, including D-amino acids. The genome sequences identified E01-9C-26 as a source of "O" and "W"-type monooxygenase genes related to methane and ammonium monooxygenases that were previously reported from ocean metagenomes, but are of unknown function. In contrast, Opi.OSU.00C genomes encode genes for catabolizing carbohydrate compounds normally associated with eukaryotic phytoplankton. This exploration of optofluidics showed that it was effective for retrieving diverse single-cell bacterioplankton genomes and has potential advantages in microbiology applications that require working with small sample volumes or targeting cells by their morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Landry
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Institut für Umweltingenieurwissenschaften, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Vergin
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | - Stephen Block
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- East China Sea Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Blainey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Craig Carlson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Giovannoni
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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70
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Chen YJ, Schoeler U, Huang CHB, Vollmer F. Combining Whispering-Gallery Mode Optical Biosensors with Microfluidics for Real-Time Detection of Protein Secretion from Living Cells in Complex Media. Small 2018; 14:e1703705. [PMID: 29718550 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The noninvasive monitoring of protein secretion of cells responding to drug treatment is an effective and essential tool in latest drug development and for cytotoxicity assays. In this work, a surface functionalization method is demonstrated for specific detection of protein released from cells and a platform that integrates highly sensitive optical devices, called whispering-gallery mode biosensors, with precise microfluidics control to achieve label-free and real-time detection. Cell biomarker release is measured in real time and with nanomolar sensitivity. The surface functionalization method allows for antibodies to be immobilized on the surface for specific detection, while the microfluidics system enables detection in a continuous flow with a negligible compromise between sensitivity and flow control over stabilization and mixing. Cytochrome c detection is used to illustrate the merits of the system. Jurkat cells are treated with the toxin staurosporine to trigger cell apoptosis and cytochrome c released into the cell culture medium is monitored via the newly invented optical microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jen Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technology (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schoeler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technology (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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71
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Abstract
Hemolysis is the rupture of red blood cells and constitutes the most common reason for unsuitable blood samples in the clinic. To detect hemolysis, one has to separate the hemoglobin in blood plasma from that in red blood cells. However, current methods entail centrifugation for cell-plasma separation, which is complex, time-consuming, and not easy to integrate into point-of-care (PoC) systems. Here, we demonstrate an optofluidic sensor composed of nanofilters on an optical waveguide, which enables evanescent-wave absorption measurement of hemoglobin in plasma with the capability of real-time inline detection on whole blood without extra sample preparation like centrifugation. Long-term testing with inline integration in a modified, commercial blood gas analyzer shows high reliability and repeatability of the measurements even with the presence of interference from bilirubin. We envision that the present work has large potential in improving diagnosis quality by enabling PoC hemolysis detection in blood gas analyzers and can also lend unique sensing capabilities to other applications dealing with complex turbid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Keshavarz Hedayati
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Uriel Levy
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anders Kristensen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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72
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Paiè P, Zandrini T, Vázquez RM, Osellame R, Bragheri F. Particle Manipulation by Optical Forces in Microfluidic Devices. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E200. [PMID: 30424133 PMCID: PMC6187572 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Ashkin and coworkers, back in 1970, optical manipulation gained an increasing interest among the scientific community. Indeed, the advantages and the possibilities of this technique are unsubtle, allowing for the manipulation of small particles with a broad spectrum of dimensions (nanometers to micrometers size), with no physical contact and without affecting the sample viability. Thus, optical manipulation rapidly found a large set of applications in different fields, such as cell biology, biophysics, and genetics. Moreover, large benefits followed the combination of optical manipulation and microfluidic channels, adding to optical manipulation the advantages of microfluidics, such as a continuous sample replacement and therefore high throughput and automatic sample processing. In this work, we will discuss the state of the art of these optofluidic devices, where optical manipulation is used in combination with microfluidic devices. We will distinguish on the optical method implemented and three main categories will be presented and explored: (i) a single highly focused beam used to manipulate the sample, (ii) one or more diverging beams imping on the sample, or (iii) evanescent wave based manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Paiè
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
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73
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Hayat Z, El Abed AI. High-Throughput Optofluidic Acquisition of Microdroplets in Microfluidic Systems. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E183. [PMID: 30424116 PMCID: PMC6187520 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Droplet optofluidics technology aims at manipulating the tiny volume of fluids confined in micro-droplets with light, while exploiting their interaction to create "digital" micro-systems with highly significant scientific and technological interests. Manipulating droplets with light is particularly attractive since the latter provides wavelength and intensity tunability, as well as high temporal and spatial resolution. In this review study, we focus mainly on recent methods developed in order to monitor real-time analysis of droplet size and size distribution, active merging of microdroplets using light, or to use microdroplets as optical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Hayat
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
| | - Abdel I El Abed
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
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74
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Zuo Y, Zhu X, Shi Y, Liang L, Yang Y. Light Manipulation in Inhomogeneous Liquid Flow and Its Application in Biochemical Sensing. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:mi9040163. [PMID: 30424097 PMCID: PMC6187708 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light manipulation has always been the fundamental subject in the field of optics since centuries ago. Traditional optical devices are usually designed using glasses and other materials, such as semiconductors and metals. Optofluidics is the combination of microfluidics and optics, which brings a host of new advantages to conventional solid systems. The capabilities of light manipulation and biochemical sensing are inherent alongside the emergence of optofluidics. This new research area promotes advancements in optics, biology, and chemistry. The development of fast, accurate, low-cost, and small-sized biochemical micro-sensors is an urgent demand for real-time monitoring. However, the fluid flow in the on-chip sensor is usually non-uniformed, which is a new and emerging challenge for the accuracy of optical detection. It is significant to reveal the principle of light propagation in an inhomogeneous liquid flow and the interaction between biochemical samples and light in flowing liquids. In this review, we summarize the current state of optofluidic lab-on-a-chip techniques from the perspective of light modulation by the unique dynamic properties of fluid in heterogeneous media, such as diffusion, heat transfer, and centrifugation etc. Furthermore, this review introduces several novel photonic phenomena in an inhomogeneous liquid flow and demonstrates their application in biochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zuo
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yang Shi
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Li Liang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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75
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Eckstein C, Acosta LK, Pol L, Xifré-Pérez E, Pallares J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Surface Modification by Electrostatic, Covalent, and Immune Complexation Binding Investigated by Capillary Filling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:10571-10579. [PMID: 29509406 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fluid imbibition-coupled laser interferometry (FICLI) technique has been applied to detect and quantify surface changes and pore dimension variations in nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) structures. FICLI is a noninvasive optical technique that permits the determination of the NAA average pore radius with high accuracy. In this work, the technique is applied after each step of different surface modification paths of the NAA pores: (i) electrostatic immobilization of bovine serum albumin (BSA), (ii) covalent attachment of streptavidin via (3-aminipropyl)-triethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde grafting, and (iii) immune complexation. Results show that BSA attachment can be detected as a reduction in estimated radius from FICLI with high accuracy and reproducibility. In the case of the covalent attachment of streptavidin, FICLI is able to recognize a multilayer formation of the silane and the protein. For immune complexation, the technique is able to detect different antibody-antigen bindings and distinguish different dynamics among different immune species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Eckstein
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Laura K Acosta
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Laura Pol
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Josep Pallares
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
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76
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Shao L, Liu Z, Hu J, Gunawardena D, Tam HY. Optofluidics in Microstructured Optical Fibers. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:mi9040145. [PMID: 30424079 PMCID: PMC6187474 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the development and applications of optofluidics investigated based on the platform of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) that have miniature air channels along the light propagating direction. The flexibility of the customizable air channels of MOFs provides enough space to implement light-matter interaction, as fluids and light can be guided simultaneously along a single strand of fiber. Different techniques employed to achieve the fluidic inlet/outlet as well as different applications for biochemical analysis are presented. This kind of miniature platform based on MOFs is easy to fabricate, free of lithography, and only needs a tiny volume of the sample. Compared to optofluidics on the chip, no additional waveguide is necessary to guide the light since the core is already designed in MOFs. The measurements of flow rate, refractive index of the filled fluids, and chemical reactions can be carried out based on this platform. Furthermore, it can also demonstrate some physical phenomena. Such devices show good potential and prospects for applications in bio-detection as well as material analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Shao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhengyong Liu
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.G.); (H.-Y.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Dinusha Gunawardena
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.G.); (H.-Y.T.)
| | - Hwa-Yaw Tam
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.G.); (H.-Y.T.)
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77
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Chen Q, Li T, Li Z, Long J, Zhang X. Optofluidic Tunable Lenses for In-Plane Light Manipulation. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E97. [PMID: 30424031 PMCID: PMC6187471 DOI: 10.3390/mi9030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Optofluidics incorporates optics and microfluidics together to construct novel devices for microsystems, providing flexible reconfigurability and high compatibility. Among many novel devices, a prominent one is the in-plane optofluidic lens. It manipulates the light in the plane of the substrate, upon which the liquid sample is held. Benefiting from the compatibility, the in-plane optofluidic lenses can be incorporated into a single chip without complicated manual alignment and promises high integration density. In term of the tunability, the in-plane liquid lenses can be either tuned by adjusting the fluidic interface using numerous microfluidic techniques, or by modulating the refractive index of the liquid using temperature, electric field and concentration. In this paper, the in-plane liquid lenses will be reviewed in the aspects of operation mechanisms and recent development. In addition, their applications in lab-on-a-chip systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Tenghao Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jinlin Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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78
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Piazza S, Bianchini P, Sheppard C, Diaspro A, Duocastella M. Enhanced volumetric imaging in 2-photon microscopy via acoustic lens beam shaping. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201700050. [PMID: 28700127 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional imaging at high-spatiotemporal resolutions and over large penetration depths is key for unmasking the dynamics and structural organization of complex biological systems. However, the need to axially shift the focus, with consequent limitations in imaging speed, and signal degradation at large depths due to scattering effects, makes this task challenging. Here, we present a novel approach in 2-photon excitation microscopy that allows fast volumetric imaging and enhanced signal-to-background (S/B) in thick tissue. Our technique is based on ultrafast beam shaping at each pixel by means of an acoustic optofluidic lens. Shaping the excitation beam with different phase profiles enables both high-speed axial focus shifting, for continuous volumetric imaging, and controlled aberrated imaging, advantageous for out-of-focus background removal. We provide a theoretical description of our approach, and demonstrate volumetric imaging of neuronal cells from a mouse brain slice with enhancements in S/B up to a factor of 10 over a depth of 600 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonluca Piazza
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- DIBRIS, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Colin Sheppard
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
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79
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Huang X, Wang J, Li T, Wang J, Xu M, Yu W, El Abed A, Zhang X. Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2018; 9:30-41. [PMID: 29379698 PMCID: PMC5769083 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis (APS) mimics natural photosynthesis (NPS) to store solar energy in chemical compounds for applications such as water splitting, CO2 fixation and coenzyme regeneration. NPS is naturally an optofluidic system since the cells (typical size 10 to 100 µm) of green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria enable light capture, biochemical and enzymatic reactions and the related material transport in a microscale, aqueous environment. The long history of evolution has equipped NPS with the remarkable merits of a large surface-area-to-volume ratio, fast small molecule diffusion and precise control of mass transfer. APS is expected to share many of the same advantages of NPS and could even provide more functionality if optofluidic technology is introduced. Recently, many studies have reported on optofluidic APS systems, but there is still a lack of an in-depth review. This article will start with a brief introduction of the physical mechanisms and will then review recent progresses in water splitting, CO2 fixation and coenzyme regeneration in optofluidic APS systems, followed by discussions on pending problems for real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Tenghao Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Min Xu
- Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Weixing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Abdel El Abed
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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80
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Tølbøl Sørensen K, Kristensen A. Label-Free Monitoring of Diffusion in Microfluidics. Micromachines (Basel) 2017; 8:E329. [PMID: 30400519 DOI: 10.3390/mi8110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Label-free, real-time detection of concentration gradients is demonstrated in a microfluidic H-filter, using an integrated photonic crystal slab sensor to monitor sample refractive index with spatial resolution. The recorded diffusion profiles reveal root-mean-square diffusion lengths for non-fluorescing and non-absorbing molecules, both small (glucose, 180 Da) and large (bovine serum albumin, 67 kDa).
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81
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Abstract
We demonstrate the design methodology, geometrical analysis, device fabrication, and testing of a double-sided design (DSD) of tunable-focus dielectrophoretic liquid miniature lenses. This design is intended to reduce the driving voltage for tuning the lens, utilizing a double-sided electrode design that enhances the electric field magnitude. Fabricated devices were tested and measurements on a goniometer showed changes of up to 14° in the contact angle when the dielectrophoretic force was applied under 25 Vrms. Correspondingly, the back focal length of the liquid lens changed from 67.1 mm to 14.4 mm when the driving voltage was increased from zero to 25 Vrms. The driving voltage was significantly lower than those previously reported with similar device dimensions using single-sided electrode designs. This design allows for a range of both positive and negative menisci dependent on the volume of the lens liquid initially dispensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Almoallem
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Hongrui Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and the McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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82
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Wall T, McMurray J, Meena G, Ganjalizadeh V, Schmidt H, Hawkins AR. Optofluidic Lab-on-a-Chip Fluorescence Sensor Using Integrated Buried ARROW (bARROW) Waveguides. Micromachines (Basel) 2017; 8:252. [PMID: 29201455 DOI: 10.3390/mi8080252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic, lab-on-a-chip fluorescence sensors were fabricated using buried anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (bARROWs). The bARROWs are impervious to the negative water absorption effects that typically occur in waveguides made using hygroscopic, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) oxides. These sensors were used to detect fluorescent microbeads and had an average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that was 81.3% higher than that of single-oxide ARROW fluorescence sensors. While the single-oxide ARROW sensors were annealed at 300 °C to drive moisture out of the waveguides, the bARROW sensors required no annealing process to obtain a high SNR.
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83
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Abstract
Over the past decade, optofluidics has established itself as a new and dynamic research field for exciting developments at the interface of photonics, microfluidics, and the life sciences. The strong desire for developing miniaturized bioanalytic devices and instruments, in particular, has led to novel and powerful approaches to integrating optical elements and biological fluids on the same chip-scale system. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in optofluidic research with emphasis on applications in bioanalysis and a focus on waveguide-based approaches that represent the most advanced level of integration between optics and fluidics. We discuss recent work in photonically reconfigurable devices and various application areas. We show how optofluidic approaches have been pushing the performance limits in bioanalysis, e.g. in terms of sensitivity and portability, satisfying many of the key requirements for point-of-care devices. This illustrates how the requirements for bianalysis instruments are increasingly being met by the symbiotic integration of novel photonic capabilities in a miniaturized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ozcelik
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Hong Cai
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kaelyn D. Leake
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Aaron R. Hawkins
- ECEn Department, 459 Clyde Building, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Corresponding author: Holger Schmidt, School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA,
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84
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Guo B, Lei C, Kobayashi H, Ito T, Yalikun Y, Jiang Y, Tanaka Y, Ozeki Y, Goda K. High-throughput, label-free, single-cell, microalgal lipid screening by machine-learning-equipped optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase microscopy. Cytometry A 2017; 91:494-502. [PMID: 28399328 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of reliable, sustainable, and economical sources of alternative fuels to petroleum is required to tackle the global energy crisis. One such alternative is microalgal biofuel, which is expected to play a key role in reducing the detrimental effects of global warming as microalgae absorb atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis. Unfortunately, conventional analytical methods only provide population-averaged lipid amounts and fail to characterize a diverse population of microalgal cells with single-cell resolution in a non-invasive and interference-free manner. Here high-throughput label-free single-cell screening of lipid-producing microalgal cells with optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase microscopy was demonstrated. In particular, Euglena gracilis, an attractive microalgal species that produces wax esters (suitable for biodiesel and aviation fuel after refinement), within lipid droplets was investigated. The optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase microscope is based on an integration of a hydrodynamic-focusing microfluidic chip, an optical time-stretch quantitative phase microscope, and a digital image processor equipped with machine learning. As a result, it provides both the opacity and phase maps of every single cell at a high throughput of 10,000 cells/s, enabling accurate cell classification without the need for fluorescent staining. Specifically, the dataset was used to characterize heterogeneous populations of E. gracilis cells under two different culture conditions (nitrogen-sufficient and nitrogen-deficient) and achieve the cell classification with an error rate of only 2.15%. The method holds promise as an effective analytical tool for microalgae-based biofuel production. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Takuro Ito
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevices, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yiyue Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevices, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
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85
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Abstract
Biolasers are an emerging technology for next generation biochemical detection and clinical applications. Progress has recently been made to achieve lasing from biomolecules and single living cells. Tissues, which consist of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix, mimic more closely the actual complex biological environment in a living body and therefore are of more practical significance. Here, we developed a highly versatile tissue laser platform, in which tissues stained with fluorophores are sandwiched in a high-Q Fabry-Pérot microcavity. Distinct lasing emissions from muscle and adipose tissues stained respectively with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), and hybrid muscle/adipose tissue with dual staining were achieved with a threshold of only ∼10 μJ mm-2. Additionally, we investigated how the tissue structure/geometry, tissue thickness, and staining dye concentration affect the tissue laser. Lasing emission from FITC conjugates (FITC-phalloidin) that specifically target F-actin in muscle tissues was also realized. It is further found that, despite the large fluorescence spectral overlap between FITC and BODIPY in tissues, their lasing emissions could be clearly distinguished and controlled due to their narrow lasing bands and different lasing thresholds, thus enabling highly multiplexed detection. Our tissue laser platform can be broadly applicable to various types of tissues/diseases. It provides a new tool for a wide range of biological and biomedical applications, such as diagnostics/screening of tissues and identification/monitoring of biological transformations in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Qiushu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
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86
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Parks J, Wall T, Cai H, Hawkins A, Schmidt H. Enhancement of ARROW Photonic Device Performance via Thermal Annealing of PECVD-based SiO 2 Waveguides. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 2016; 22:10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2549801. [PMID: 27547024 PMCID: PMC4987089 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2016.2549801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based optofluidic devices are very attractive for applications in biophotonics and chemical sensing. Understanding and controlling the properties of their dielectric waveguides is critical for the performance of these chips. We report that thermal annealing of PECVD-grown silicon dioxide (SiO2) ridge waveguides results in considerable improvements to optical transmission and particle detection. There are two fundamental changes that yield higher optical transmission: (1) propagation loss in solid-core waveguides is reduced by over 70%, and (2) coupling efficiencies between solid- and liquid-core waveguides are optimized. The combined effects result in improved optical chip transmission by a factor of 100-1000 times. These improvements are shown to arise from the elimination of a high-index layer at the surface of the SiO2 caused by water absorption into the porous oxide. The effects of this layer on optical transmission and mode confinement are shown to be reversible by alternating subjection of waveguides to water and subsequent low temperature annealing. Finally, we show that annealing improves detection of fluorescent analytes in optofluidic chips with a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 166x and a particle detection efficiency improvement of 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.W. Parks
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - T.A. Wall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - H. Cai
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - A.R. Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - H. Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
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87
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Yang YT, Wang CY. Review of Microfluidic Photobioreactor Technology for Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology of Cyanobacteria and Microalgae. Micromachines (Basel) 2016; 7:mi7100185. [PMID: 30404358 PMCID: PMC6190437 DOI: 10.3390/mi7100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One goal of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for cyanobacteria and microalgae is to engineer strains that can optimally produce biofuels and commodity chemicals. However, the current workflow is slow and labor intensive with respect to assembly of genetic parts and characterization of production yields because of the slow growth rates of these organisms. Here, we review recent progress in the microfluidic photobioreactors and identify opportunities and unmet needs in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Because of the unprecedented experimental resolution down to the single cell level, long-term real-time monitoring capability, and high throughput with low cost, microfluidic photobioreactor technology will be an indispensible tool to speed up the development process, advance fundamental knowledge, and realize the full potential of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for cyanobacteria and microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tang Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Chun Ying Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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88
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Petsch S, Schuhladen S, Dreesen L, Zappe H. The engineered eyeball, a tunable imaging system using soft-matter micro-optics. Light Sci Appl 2016; 5:e16068. [PMID: 30167172 PMCID: PMC6059944 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a tunable imaging system based on the functionality of the mammalian eye using soft-matter micro-optical components. Inspired by the structure of the eye, as well as by the means through which nature tunes its optical behavior, we show that the technologies of microsystems engineering and micro-optics may be used to realize a technical imaging system whose biomimetic functionality is entirely distinct from that of conventional optics. The engineered eyeball integrates a deformable elastomeric refractive structure whose shape is mechanically controlled through application of strain using liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) actuators; two forms of tunable iris, one based on optofluidics and the other on LCEs with embedded heaters; a fixed lens arrangement; and a commercial imaging sensor chip. The complete microsystem, optimized to yield optical characteristics close to those of the human eye, represents the first fully functional, soft-matter-based tunable single-aperture eye-like imager.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Petsch
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schuhladen
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Dreesen
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Zappe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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89
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Ozcelik D, Stott MA, Parks JW, Black JA, Wall TA, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Signal-to-noise Enhancement in Optical Detection of Single Viruses with Multi-spot Excitation. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 2016; 22:4402406. [PMID: 27524876 PMCID: PMC4978512 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2015.2503321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present fluorescence detection of single H1N1 viruses with enhanced signal to noise ratio (SNR) achieved by multi-spot excitation in liquid-core anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). Solid-core Y-splitting ARROW waveguides are fabricated orthogonal to the liquid-core section of the chip, creating multiple excitation spots for the analyte. We derive expressions for the SNR increase after signal processing, and analyze its dependence on signal levels and spot number. Very good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental results is found. SNR enhancements up to 5x104 are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ozcelik
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Matthew A. Stott
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Joshua W. Parks
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Black
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
| | - Thomas A. Wall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Aaron R. Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
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90
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Mishra K, van den Ende D, Mugele F. Recent Developments in Optofluidic Lens Technology. Micromachines (Basel) 2016; 7:mi7060102. [PMID: 30404276 PMCID: PMC6190348 DOI: 10.3390/mi7060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Optofluidics is a rapidly growing versatile branch of adaptive optics including a wide variety of applications such as tunable beam shaping tools, mirrors, apertures, and lenses. In this review, we focus on recent developments in optofluidic lenses, which arguably forms the most important part of optofluidics devices. We report first on a number of general characteristics and characterization methods for optofluidics lenses and their optical performance, including aberrations and their description in terms of Zernike polynomials. Subsequently, we discuss examples of actuation methods separately for spherical optofluidic lenses and for more recent tunable aspherical lenses. Advantages and disadvantages of various actuation schemes are presented, focusing in particular on electrowetting-driven lenses and pressure-driven liquid lenses that are covered by elastomeric sheets. We discuss in particular the opportunities for detailed aberration control by using either finely controlled electric fields or specifically designed elastomeric lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikeya Mishra
- Physics of Complex Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirk van den Ende
- Physics of Complex Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Frieder Mugele
- Physics of Complex Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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91
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Yang T, Bragheri F, Minzioni P. A Comprehensive Review of Optical Stretcher for Cell Mechanical Characterization at Single-Cell Level. Micromachines (Basel) 2016; 7:E90. [PMID: 30404265 PMCID: PMC6189960 DOI: 10.3390/mi7050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of the optical stretcher, a powerful optofluidic device for single cell mechanical study by using optical force induced cell stretching. The different techniques and the different materials for the fabrication of the optical stretcher are first summarized. A short description of the optical-stretching mechanism is then given, highlighting the optical force calculation and the cell optical deformability characterization. Subsequently, the implementations of the optical stretcher in various cell-mechanics studies are shown on different types of cells. Afterwards, two new advancements on optical stretcher applications are also introduced: the active cell sorting based on cell mechanical characterization and the temperature effect on cell stretching measurement from laser-induced heating. Two examples of new functionalities developed with the optical stretcher are also included. Finally, the current major limitation and the future development possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, CNR & Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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92
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93
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Testa G, Persichetti G, Bernini R. Liquid Core ARROW Waveguides: A Promising Photonic Structure for Integrated Optofluidic Microsensors. Micromachines (Basel) 2016; 7:mi7030047. [PMID: 30407419 PMCID: PMC6190334 DOI: 10.3390/mi7030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a liquid core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) as a novel optofluidic device that can be used to create innovative and highly functional microsensors. Liquid core ARROWs, with their dual ability to guide the light and the fluids in the same microchannel, have shown great potential as an optofluidic tool for quantitative spectroscopic analysis. ARROWs feature a planar architecture and, hence, are particularly attractive for chip scale integrated system. Step by step, several improvements have been made in recent years towards the implementation of these waveguides in a complete on-chip system for highly-sensitive detection down to the single molecule level. We review applications of liquid ARROWs for fluids sensing and discuss recent results and trends in the developments and applications of liquid ARROW in biomedical and biochemical research. The results outlined show that the strong light matter interaction occurring in the optofluidic channel of an ARROW and the versatility offered by the fabrication methods makes these waveguides a very promising building block for optofluidic sensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genni Testa
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IREA-CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Persichetti
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IREA-CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy.
| | - Romeo Bernini
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IREA-CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy.
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94
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Oliva-Ramirez M, Barranco A, Löffler M, Yubero F, González-Elipe AR. Optofluidic Modulation of Self-Associated Nanostructural Units Forming Planar Bragg Microcavities. ACS Nano 2016; 10:1256-1264. [PMID: 26653767 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bragg microcavities (BMs) formed by the successive stacking of nanocolumnar porous SiO2 and TiO2 layers with slanted, zigzag, chiral, and vertical configurations are prepared by physical vapor deposition at oblique angles while azimuthally varying the substrate orientation during the multilayer growth. The slanted and zigzag BMs act as wavelength-selective optical retarders when they are illuminated with linearly polarized light, while no polarization dependence is observed for the chiral and vertical cavities. This distinct optical behavior is attributed to a self-nanostructuration mechanism involving a fence-bundling association of nanocolumns as observed by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy in the slanted and zigzag microcavities. The outstanding retarder response of the optically active BMs can be effectively modulated by dynamic infiltration of nano- and mesopores with liquids of different refraction indices acting as a switch of the polarization behavior. The unprecedented polarization and tunable optofluidic properties of these nanostructured photonic systems have been successfully simulated with a simple model that assumes a certain birefringence for the individual stacked layers and accounts for the light interference phenomena developed in the BMs. The possibilities of this type of self-arranged nanostructured and optically active BMs for liquid sensing and monitoring applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Oliva-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla) Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Angel Barranco
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla) Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco Yubero
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla) Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Agustin R González-Elipe
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla) Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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95
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Schuhladen S, Banerjee K, Stürmer M, Müller P, Wallrabe U, Zappe H. Variable optofluidic slit aperture. Light Sci Appl 2016; 5:e16005. [PMID: 30167111 PMCID: PMC6059840 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The shape of liquid interfaces can be precisely controlled using electrowetting, an actuation mechanism which has been widely used for tunable optofluidic micro-optical components such as lenses or irises. We have expanded the considerable flexibility inherent in electrowetting actuation to realize a variable optofluidic slit, a tunable and reconfigurable two-dimensional aperture with no mechanically moving parts. This optofluidic slit is formed by precisely controlled movement of the liquid interfaces of two highly opaque ink droplets. The 1.5 mm long slit aperture, with controllably variable discrete widths down to 45 µm, may be scanned across a length of 1.5 mm with switching times between adjacent slit positions of less than 120 ms. In addition, for a fixed slit aperture position, the width may be tuned to a minimum of 3 µm with high uniformity and linearity over the entire slit length. This compact, purely fluidic device offers an electrically controlled aperture tuning range not achievable with extant mechanical alternatives of a similar size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schuhladen
- Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaustubh Banerjee
- Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Stürmer
- Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Müller
- Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Wallrabe
- Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Zappe
- Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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96
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Wu CY, Owsley K, Di Carlo D. Rapid Software-Based Design and Optical Transient Liquid Molding of Microparticles. Adv Mater 2015; 27:7970-7978. [PMID: 26509252 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles with complex 3D shape and composition are produced using a novel fabrication method, optical transient liquid molding, in which a 2D light pattern exposes a photopolymer precursor stream shaped along the flow axis by software-aided inertial flow engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Yu Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Keegan Owsley
- Department of Bioengineering, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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97
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Messina GC, Dipalo M, La Rocca R, Zilio P, Caprettini V, Proietti Zaccaria R, Toma A, Tantussi F, Berdondini L, De Angelis F. Spatially, Temporally, and Quantitatively Controlled Delivery of Broad Range of Molecules into Selected Cells through Plasmonic Nanotubes. Adv Mater 2015; 27:7145-9. [PMID: 26445223 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A Universal plasmonic/microfluidic platform for spatial and temporal controlled intracellular delivery is described. The system can inject/transfect the desired amount of molecules with an efficacy close to 100%. Moreover, it is highly scalable from single cells to large ensembles without administering the molecules to an extracellular bath. The latter enables quantitative control over the amount of injected molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Dipalo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Rosanna La Rocca
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Toma
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Berdondini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
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98
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Ozcelik D, Parks JW, Wall TA, Stott MA, Cai H, Parks JW, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Optofluidic wavelength division multiplexing for single-virus detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26438840 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.l511921112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical waveguides simultaneously transport light at different colors, forming the basis of fiber-optic telecommunication networks that shuttle data in dozens of spectrally separated channels. Here, we reimagine this wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) paradigm in a novel context--the differentiated detection and identification of single influenza viruses on a chip. We use a single multimode interference (MMI) waveguide to create wavelength-dependent spot patterns across the entire visible spectrum and enable multiplexed single biomolecule detection on an optofluidic chip. Each target is identified by its time-dependent fluorescence signal without the need for spectral demultiplexing upon detection. We demonstrate detection of individual fluorescently labeled virus particles of three influenza A subtypes in two implementations: labeling of each virus using three different colors and two-color combinatorial labeling. By extending combinatorial multiplexing to three or more colors, MMI-based WDM provides the multiplexing power required for differentiated clinical tests and the growing field of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ozcelik
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Joshua W Parks
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Thomas A Wall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Matthew A Stott
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Joseph W Parks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Aaron R Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;
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99
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Ozcelik D, Parks JW, Wall TA, Stott MA, Cai H, Parks JW, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Optofluidic wavelength division multiplexing for single-virus detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12933-7. [PMID: 26438840 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511921112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical waveguides simultaneously transport light at different colors, forming the basis of fiber-optic telecommunication networks that shuttle data in dozens of spectrally separated channels. Here, we reimagine this wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) paradigm in a novel context--the differentiated detection and identification of single influenza viruses on a chip. We use a single multimode interference (MMI) waveguide to create wavelength-dependent spot patterns across the entire visible spectrum and enable multiplexed single biomolecule detection on an optofluidic chip. Each target is identified by its time-dependent fluorescence signal without the need for spectral demultiplexing upon detection. We demonstrate detection of individual fluorescently labeled virus particles of three influenza A subtypes in two implementations: labeling of each virus using three different colors and two-color combinatorial labeling. By extending combinatorial multiplexing to three or more colors, MMI-based WDM provides the multiplexing power required for differentiated clinical tests and the growing field of personalized medicine.
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100
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Zhu W, Song Q, Yan L, Zhang W, Wu PC, Chin LK, Cai H, Tsai DP, Shen ZX, Deng TW, Ting SK, Gu Y, Lo GQ, Kwong DL, Yang ZC, Huang R, Liu AQ, Zheludev N. A flat lens with tunable phase gradient by using random access reconfigurable metamaterial. Adv Mater 2015; 27:4739-43. [PMID: 26184076 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The first demonstration of an optofluidic metamaterial is reported where resonant properties of every individual metamolecule can be continuously tuned at will using a microfluidic system. This is called a random-access reconfigurable metamaterial, which is used to provide the first demonstration of a tunable flat lens with wavefront-reshaping capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Qinghua Song
- Université Paris-Est, UPEM, Marne-la-Vallée, Paris, F-77454, France
| | - Libin Yan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Wu Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Pin-Chieh Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Hong Cai
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore, 117686
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zhong Xiang Shen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Tian Wei Deng
- Temasek Laboratories, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
| | - Sing Kwong Ting
- Temasek Laboratories, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
| | - Yuandong Gu
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore, 117686
| | - Guo Qiang Lo
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore, 117686
| | - Dim Lee Kwong
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore, 117686
| | - Zhen Chuan Yang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ru Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
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