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Martínez-García C, Izquierdo A, Velagapudi V, Vivas Y, Velasco I, Campbell M, Burling K, Cava F, Ros M, Orešič M, Vidal-Puig A, Medina-Gomez G. Accelerated renal disease is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome in a glucolipotoxic mouse model. Dis Model Mech 2012; 5:636-48. [PMID: 22773754 PMCID: PMC3424461 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.009266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at high risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) through unclear pathogenic mechanisms. Obesity and diabetes are known to induce glucolipotoxic effects in metabolically relevant organs. However, the pathogenic role of glucolipotoxicity in the aetiology of diabetic nephropathy is debated. We generated a murine model, the POKO mouse, obtained by crossing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) knockout (KO) mouse into a genetically obese ob/ob background. We have previously shown that the POKO mice showed: hyperphagia, insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia as early as 4 weeks of age, and developed a complete loss of normal β-cell function by 16 weeks of age. Metabolic phenotyping of the POKO model has led to investigation of the structural and functional changes in the kidney and changes in blood pressure in these mice. Here we demonstrate that the POKO mouse is a model of renal disease that is accelerated by high levels of glucose and lipid accumulation. Similar to ob/ob mice, at 4 weeks of age these animals exhibited an increased urinary albumin:creatinine ratio and significantly increased blood pressure, but in contrast showed a significant increase in the renal hypertrophy index and an associated increase in p27(Kip1) expression compared with their obese littermates. Moreover, at 4 weeks of age POKO mice showed insulin resistance, an alteration of lipid metabolism and glomeruli damage associated with increased transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expression. At this age, levels of proinflammatory molecules, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and fibrotic factors were also increased at the glomerular level compared with levels in ob/ob mice. At 12 weeks of age, renal damage was fully established. These data suggest an accelerated lesion through glucolipotoxic effects in the renal pathogenesis in POKO mice.
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Requena A, Collado D, Izquierdo A, Ballesteros A, Muñoz M, García-Velasco J. Prospective randomized study on compliance with corifollitropin alfa treatment in oocyte donors. Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cardona V, Luengo O, Garriga T, Labrador-Horrillo M, Sala-Cunill A, Izquierdo A, Soto L, Guilarte M. Co-factor-enhanced food allergy. Allergy 2012; 67:1316-8. [PMID: 22845005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol, exercise or non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs (NSAID) are frequently mentioned as amplifiers of food allergic reactions but only individual cases or small series have been previously published. METHODS Descriptive study including 74 cases of suspected co-factor enhanced food allergy, assessed by skin-prick tests, specific IgE and oral challenges. RESULTS Anaphylaxis accounted for 85.1% of reactions. In 99% of cases culprit food allergens were plant-derived, mainly vegetables and cereals. NSAID were involved in 58%, exercise in 52.7% and alcohol in 12.2%. Lipid transfer protein was the most frequently involved allergen. CONCLUSIONS Co-factor enhanced food allergy should be considered when assessing food, alcohol, exercise and NSAID allergic reactions.
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Cardona V, Luengo O, Garriga T, Labrador-Horrillo M, Sala-Cunill A, Izquierdo A, Soto L, Guilarte M. Co-factor-enhanced food allergy. Allergy 2012. [PMID: 22845005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02877.x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol, exercise or non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs (NSAID) are frequently mentioned as amplifiers of food allergic reactions but only individual cases or small series have been previously published. METHODS Descriptive study including 74 cases of suspected co-factor enhanced food allergy, assessed by skin-prick tests, specific IgE and oral challenges. RESULTS Anaphylaxis accounted for 85.1% of reactions. In 99% of cases culprit food allergens were plant-derived, mainly vegetables and cereals. NSAID were involved in 58%, exercise in 52.7% and alcohol in 12.2%. Lipid transfer protein was the most frequently involved allergen. CONCLUSIONS Co-factor enhanced food allergy should be considered when assessing food, alcohol, exercise and NSAID allergic reactions.
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Aibar M, Zorzano A, de Rozas CS, Merchante M, Izquierdo A, Martinez S, Hurtado M, Esteban M, Barajas M, Alfaro M. Dosage adjustment in renal impairment. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Martínez S, Esteban M, Alfaro M, Merchante M, Barajas M, Zorzano A, Aibar M, Izquierdo A. Study of rituximab cost and its off-label-use. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Ortega A, Romero M, Izquierdo A, Troyano N, Arce Y, Ardura JA, Arenas MI, Bover J, Esbrit P, Bosch RJ. Parathyroid hormone-related protein is a hypertrophy factor for human mesangial cells: Implications for diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1980-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vivas Y, Martínez-García C, Izquierdo A, Garcia-Garcia F, Callejas S, Velasco I, Campbell M, Ros M, Dopazo A, Dopazo J, Vidal-Puig A, Medina-Gomez G. Early peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma regulated genes involved in expansion of pancreatic beta cell mass. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:86. [PMID: 22208362 PMCID: PMC3315430 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression towards type 2 diabetes depends on the allostatic response of pancreatic beta cells to synthesise and secrete enough insulin to compensate for insulin resistance. The endocrine pancreas is a plastic tissue able to expand or regress in response to the requirements imposed by physiological and pathophysiological states associated to insulin resistance such as pregnancy, obesity or ageing, but the mechanisms mediating beta cell mass expansion in these scenarios are not well defined. We have recently shown that ob/ob mice with genetic ablation of PPARγ2, a mouse model known as the POKO mouse failed to expand its beta cell mass. This phenotype contrasted with the appropriate expansion of the beta cell mass observed in their obese littermate ob/ob mice. Thus, comparison of these models islets particularly at early ages could provide some new insights on early PPARγ dependent transcriptional responses involved in the process of beta cell mass expansion RESULTS Here we have investigated PPARγ dependent transcriptional responses occurring during the early stages of beta cell adaptation to insulin resistance in wild type, ob/ob, PPARγ2 KO and POKO mice. We have identified genes known to regulate both the rate of proliferation and the survival signals of beta cells. Moreover we have also identified new pathways induced in ob/ob islets that remained unchanged in POKO islets, suggesting an important role for PPARγ in maintenance/activation of mechanisms essential for the continued function of the beta cell. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the expansion of beta cell mass observed in ob/ob islets is associated with the activation of an immune response that fails to occur in POKO islets. We have also indentified other PPARγ dependent differentially regulated pathways including cholesterol biosynthesis, apoptosis through TGF-β signaling and decreased oxidative phosphorylation.
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Viñolas N, Provencio M, Reguart N, Cardenal F, Alberola V, Sánchez-Torres JM, Barón FJ, Cobo M, Maestu I, Moreno I, Mesía C, Izquierdo A, Felip E, López-Brea M, Márquez A, Sánchez-Ronco M, Tarón M, Santarpia MC, Rosell R. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in MDR1 gen correlates with outcome in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with cisplatin plus vinorelbine. Lung Cancer 2011; 71:191-8. [PMID: 20627363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED New therapeutic approaches are being developed based on the findings that several genetic abnormalities underlying NSCLC could influence chemosensitivity. In this study, we assessed whether the presence of polymorphisms in ERCC1, XPD, RRM1 and MDR1 genes can affect the efficacy and the tolerability of cisplatin and vinorelbine in NSCLC patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eligible patients had histological confirmed stage IV or IIIB (with malignant pleural effusion) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously untreated with chemotherapy; World Health Organization performance status (PS) 0-1. Patients received intravenous doses of vinorelbine 25 mg/m² on day 1 and 8 and cisplatin 75 mg/m² on day 1, every 21 days, for a maximum of eight cycles. RESULTS 94 patients were included. Median age was 61 years; 84% were male; WHO performance status (PS) was 0 in 24%; and 88% of patients had stage IV disease. The median number of cycles was 6. Overall median survival was 10.92 months (95% CI 9.0-12.9). Overall median time to progression was 5.89 months (95% CI 5.2-6.6). Results of the multivariate analysis for time to progression showed that ECOG 0 (hazard ratio [HR] ECOG 1 vs. ECOG 0, 1.74; p=0.036), MDR13435CC (HR CT vs. CC, 2.01; p=0.017; HR TT vs. CC, 1.54; p=0.22), and decreasing age (HR of age, 0.97; p=0.016) were the most powerful prognostic factors significantly related to lower risk of progression. Whereas ECOG 0 was the only prognostic factor for survival (HR ECOG 1 vs. ECOG 0, 3.02; p=0.001). There was no significant association between any of the SNPs analysed and the occurrence of vinorelbine and cisplatin-related toxicity. CONCLUSION In our results, the most important prognostic factors associated with lower risk of progression were MDR1 3435 CC genotype, PS 0 and younger age.
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Graña B, Fachal L, Darder E, Balmaña J, Ramón Y Cajal T, Blanco I, Torres A, Lázaro C, Diez O, Alonso C, Santamariña M, Velasco A, Teulé A, Lasa A, Blanco A, Izquierdo A, Borràs J, Gutiérrez-Enríquez S, Vega A, Brunet J. Germline ATM mutational analysis in BRCA1/BRCA2 negative hereditary breast cancer families by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 128:573-9. [PMID: 21445571 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic inactivation of ATM gene causes the rare autosomal recessive disorder Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Female relatives of A-T patients have a two-fold higher risk of developing breast cancer (BC) compared with the general population. ATM mutation carrier identification is laborious and expensive, therefore, a more rapid and directed strategy for ATM mutation profiling is needed. We designed a case-control study to determine the prevalence of 32 known ATM mutations causing A-T in Spanish population in 323 BRCA1/BRCA2 negative hereditary breast cancer (HBC) cases and 625 matched Spanish controls. For the detection of the 32 ATM mutations we used the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique. We identified one patient carrier of the c.8264_8268delATAAG ATM mutation. This mutation was not found in the 625 controls. These results suggest a low frequency of these 32 A-T causing mutations in the HBC cases in our population. Further case-control studies analyzing the entire coding and flanking sequences of the ATM gene are warranted in Spanish BC patients to know its implication in BC predisposition.
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Pollán M, Michelena M, Ardanaz E, Izquierdo A, Sánchez-Pérez M, Torrella A. Breast cancer incidence in Spain before, during and after the implementation of screening programmes. Ann Oncol 2010; 21 Suppl 3:iii97-102. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Marcos-Gragera R, Vilar-Coromina N, Galceran J, Borràs J, Clèries R, Ribes J, Gispert R, Izquierdo A, Borràs JM. Rising trends in incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma and their future projections in Catalonia, Spain: increasing impact or future epidemic? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24:1083-8. [PMID: 20236382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the past decades, there has been a substantial increase in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) among all Caucasian populations. Spain presents one of Europe's lowest incidence and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the recent trends of CMM incidence and mortality in a region with lower incidence as well as to project their future trends. METHODS Cutaneous malignant melanoma incidence data were provided by the Tarragona and Girona population-based cancer registries and mortality data were provided by the Mortality Registry of Catalonia. Time trends of incidence and mortality rates by CMM were assessed through the estimated annual percentages of change of the incidence and mortality age-standardized rates to the World Standard Population. Projections were based on a Bayesian age-period-cohort model using second order autoregressive effects on age. RESULTS During the last 20 years CMM incidence has increased substantially at a faster rate than any other neoplasms in Catalonia, particularly among women and this trend will probably continue for the next several years. Nevertheless, CMM mortality trends have been and probably will remain stable during this period. CONCLUSION Improvements in preventive activities should be implemented to decrease incidence and mortality from this cancer. Monitoring stage-specific trends in CMM incidence can assess the impact of preventive strategies; for this reason more complete information on diagnostic features of CMM patients in the Spanish population-based cancer registries are necessary.
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Romero M, Ortega A, Izquierdo A, López-Luna P, Bosch RJ. Parathyroid hormone-related protein induces hypertrophy in podocytes via TGF-beta(1) and p27(Kip1): implications for diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2447-57. [PMID: 20200004 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophy of podocytes is characteristic in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previously, we observed the upregulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its receptor PTH1R, in experimental DN, associated with renal hypertrophy. Herein, we test the hypothesis that PTHrP participates in the mechanism of high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte hypertrophy. METHODS On mouse podocytes, hypertrophy was assessed by protein content/cell and [H(3)]leucine incorporation. Podocytes were stimulated with HG (25 mM), PTHrP(1-36) (100 nM), angiotensin II (AngII) (100 nM) or TGF-beta(1) (5 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of PTHrP-neutralizing antibodies (alpha-PTHrP), the PTH1R antagonist JB4250 (10 microM), PTHrP silencer RNA (siRNA) or TGF-beta(1) siRNA. Protein expression was analysed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS HG-induced hypertrophy was abolished in the presence of either alpha-PTHrP or PTHrP siRNA. This effect was associated with an inhibition of the upregulation of TGF-beta(1) and p27(Kip1). JB4250 also inhibited HG-induced p27(Kip1) upregulation. Interestingly, whilst HG and AngII were unable to stimulate the expression of p27(Kip1) on PTHrP siRNA-transfected podocytes, TGF-beta(1) was still able to upregulate p27(Kip1) in these cells. Moreover, HG and PTHrP-induced hypertrophy as well as p27(Kip1) upregulation were abolished on TGF-beta(1) siRNA-transfected podocytes. Furthermore, the glomeruli of transgenic PTHrP-overexpressing mice showed a constitutive overexpression of TGF-beta(1) and p27(Kip1) to a degree similar to that of diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS PTHrP seems to participate in the hypertrophic signalling triggered by HG. In this condition, AngII induces the upregulation of PTHrP, which might induce the expression of TGF-beta(1) and p27(Kip1). These findings provide new insights into the protective effects of AngII antagonists in DN, opening new paths for intervention.
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Wagemakers A, Buldú JM, Sanjuán MAF, de Luis O, Izquierdo A, Coloma A. Entraining synthetic genetic oscillators. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2009; 19:033139. [PMID: 19792019 DOI: 10.1063/1.3231089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new approach for synchronizing a population of synthetic genetic oscillators, which consists in the entrainment of a colony of repressilators by external modulation. We present a model where the repressilator dynamics is affected by periodic changes in temperature. We introduce an additional plasmid in the bacteria in order to correlate the temperature variations with the enhancement of the transcription rate of a certain gene. This can be done by introducing a promoter that is related to the heat shock response. This way, the expression of that gene results in a protein that enhances the overall oscillations. Numerical results show coherent oscillations of the population for a certain range of the external frequency, which is in turn related to the natural oscillation frequency of the modified repressilator. Finally we study the transient times related with the loss of synchronization and we discuss possible applications in biotechnology of large-scale production coupled to synchronization events induced by heat shock.
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Izquierdo A, Gispert R, Saladie F, Espinàs JA. [Analysis of cancer incidence, survival and mortality according to the main tumoral localizations, 1985-2019: Breast cancer]. Med Clin (Barc) 2009; 131 Suppl 1:50-2. [PMID: 19080815 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(08)76433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Galceran J, Puigdefàbregas A, Ribas G, Izquierdo A, Pareja L, Marcos-Gragera R. [Cancer survival trends in Catalonia and comparison with Europe]. Med Clin (Barc) 2009; 131 Suppl 1:19-24. [PMID: 19080811 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(08)76429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze survival in cancer patients in Catalonia for the diagnostic cohort for the period 1995-1999 and the survival trend for the period 1985-1999 and to compare this trend with that observed in the rest of Europe. MATERIAL AND METHOD We present the observed and relative 5-year survival rates for adult cancer patients resident in Tarragona and Gerona diagnosed between 1995 and 1999. To analyze the trend in survival, rates for the periods 1985-1989, 1990-1994 and 1995-1999 for patients living in Tarragona were analyzed. Relative survival rates for the 1995-1999 Tarragona and Gerona diagnosis cohort as a whole were compared with the European mean obtained in the EUROCARE- 4 project. RESULTS From 1995-1999, relative survival rates were 46.0% in males and 56.4% in females. For the most frequent types of cancer in males the rates were as follows: 76.5% prostate, 9.2% lung, 53.5% colon and rectum, 69.7% urinary bladder and 25.7% stomach. In females, the rates were 80.9% breast, 50.7% colon and rectum, 76.1% corpus uterine, 24.9% stomach and 36.9% ovary. For quinquenniums and for all cancers as a whole, the rates were 35.1%, 40.8% and 47.5% in males and 49.0%, 55.7% and 57.3% in females. The rate for all people combined in the period 1995-1999 was 50.2% in Tarragona- Gerona and was 51.9% in Europe. CONCLUSIONS Between the periods 1985-1989 and 1995-1999, relative survival rates increased 12 points in males and eight points in females. Similar values to the European mean were maintained throughout the 15 years of the study.
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García G, Pérez A, Sierra B, Aguirre E, Izquierdo A, Sanchez L, Rosado I, Borroto S, Hirayama K, Guzmán M. IgG Subclass and the FcG Receptor Iia Polymorphism Associate to Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Asymptomatic Dengue Infection in Cuba. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Walter C, Krastl G, Izquierdo A, Hecker H, Weiger R. Replantation of three avulsed permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures. Int Endod J 2008; 41:356-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wellman CL, Izquierdo A, Garrett JE, Martin KP, Carroll J, Millstein R, Lesch KP, Murphy DL, Holmes A. Impaired stress-coping and fear extinction and abnormal corticolimbic morphology in serotonin transporter knock-out mice. J Neurosci 2007; 27:684-91. [PMID: 17234600 PMCID: PMC6672805 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4595-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A lesser-expressing form of the human 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) gene has been associated with increased fear and anxiety and vulnerability to the effects of stress. These phenotypic abnormalities are linked to functional and anatomical disturbances in a neural pathway connecting the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala. Likewise, rodent and nonhuman primate studies indicate a major role for PFC and amygdala in the mediation of fear- and stress-related behaviors. We used a 5-HTT knock-out (KO) mouse to examine the effects of genetically driven loss of 5-HTT function for the following: (1) depression-related behavior in response to repeated stress, and pavlovian fear conditioning, extinction, and extinction recall; and (2) dendritic morphology and spine density of Golgi-stained pyramidal neurons in the infralimbic cortex (IL) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). 5-HTT KO mice exhibited increased depressive-like immobility after repeated exposure to forced swim stress, compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Whereas fear conditioning and fear extinction was normal, 5-HTT KO mice exhibited a significant deficit in extinction recall. The apical dendritic branches of IL pyramidal neurons in 5-HTT KO mice were significantly increased in length relative to WT mice. Pyramidal neurons in BLA had normal dendritic morphology but significantly greater spine density in 5-HT KO mice compared with WT mice. Together, the present findings demonstrate a specific phenotypic profile of fear- and stress-related deficits in 5-HTT KO mice, accompanied by morphological abnormalities in two key neural loci. These data provide insight into the behavioral sequelae of loss of 5-HTT gene function and identify potential neural substrates underlying these phenotypes.
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Rubió J, Marcos-Gragera R, Ortiz MR, Miró J, Vilardell L, Gironès J, Hernandez-Yagüe X, Codina-Cazador A, Bernadó L, Izquierdo A, Colomer R. Population-based incidence and survival of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) in Girona, Spain. Eur J Cancer 2006; 43:144-8. [PMID: 17055254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 06/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are rare malignancies characterised by their association with KIT oncogene mutations. Until now, population-based reports of the incidence or survival of kit-confirmed GIST have been rare, and none have originated in Southern Europe. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the Girona Cancer Registry to identify malignant mesenchymal tumours of the digestive tract between 1994 and 2001, and performed c-kit testing in the tumour samples. Age-adjusted incidence rates and survival rates were calculated, and they were also analysed by sex and NIH risk categories. RESULTS Forty-six cases were categorised as GIST. Fifty percent were localised in the stomach, 43.5% in small intestine, 4.3% in the omentum, and 2.2% in colon. Thirty-seven percent were classified as high risk of an aggressive behaviour, 30.4% as intermediate risk and 32.6% as low or very low risk. Only one patient received treatment with imatinib mesilate. The annual incidence by 100,000 inhabitants in crude rate, European age-standardised rate and world age-standardised rate was, respectively, 1.09, 0.90 and 0.65 cases. The relative 5-year survival rate was 74.7% for the entire cohort, and it was markedly lower in the high-risk cases (20.3%). CONCLUSIONS We report the first population-based study of GIST incidence and survival in Southern Europe. The incidence rate is low and comparable with that of cancer registries from Northern Europe. Survival was favourable in our pre-imatinib population although it was low in high risk cases. Prognostic discrimination of the cases with intermediate, low, or very low risk is inadequate, and these categories should be considered jointly in the future. Our results will help researchers in establishing baseline values against which they can compare, in the future, the impact of imatinib and other Kit tyrosine inhibitors on survival.
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Izquierdo A, López-Luna P, Ortega A, Romero M, Guitiérrez-Tarrés MA, Arribas I, Alvarez MJR, Esbrit P, Bosch RJ. The parathyroid hormone-related protein system and diabetic nephropathy outcome in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Kidney Int 2006; 69:2171-7. [PMID: 16783882 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney (e.g., hypertrophy, increase urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is still ill-defined. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is overexpressed in several nephropathies, but its role remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of high glucose on PTHrP and the PTH1 receptor (PTH1R) protein (by Western blot and immunohistochemistry) in the kidney of mice ith streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and in several mouse renal cells in vitro. Diabetic mice showed a significantly increased renal expression of PTHrP and PTH1R proteins with 2-8 weeks from the onset of diabetes. These animals exhibited an intense immunostaining for both proteins in the renal tubules and glomeruli. Using transgenic mice overexpressing PTHrP targeted to the renal proximal tubule, we found a significant increase in the renal hypertrophy index and in UAE in these diabetic mice relative to their control littermates. Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between both PTHrP and PTH1R protein levels and UAE in all diabetic mice throughout the study. High-glucose (25 mm) medium was found to increase PTHrP and PTH1R in tubuloepithelial cells, mesangial cells and podocytes in vitro. Moreover, this increase in PTHrP (but not that of PTH1R) was inhibited by the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan. Collectively, these results indicate that the renal PTHrP/PTH1R system is upregulated in streptozotozin-induced diabetes in mice, and appears to adversely affect the outcome of diabetic renal disease. Our findings also suggest that angiotensin II might have a role in the PTHrP upregulation in this condition.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/physiology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
- Epithelial Cells/chemistry
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Hypertrophy/pathology
- Hypertrophy/physiopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney Tubules/chemistry
- Kidney Tubules/pathology
- Kidney Tubules/physiopathology
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Mesangial Cells/chemistry
- Mesangial Cells/pathology
- Mesangial Cells/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/analysis
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/drug effects
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/genetics
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/physiology
- Podocytes/chemistry
- Podocytes/pathology
- Podocytes/physiology
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/analysis
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/drug effects
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/physiology
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Castilla J, Sobrino P, Lorenzo JM, Moreno C, Izquierdo A, Lezaun ME, López I, Núñez D, Perucha M, R´kaina Liesfi C, Zulaika D. Situación actual y perspectivas futuras de la epidemia de VIH y sida en España. An Sist Sanit Navar 2006. [DOI: 10.4321/s1137-66272006000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Barnhart KT, Izquierdo A, Pretorius ES, Shera DM, Shabbout M, Shaunik A. Baseline dimensions of the human vagina. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1618-22. [PMID: 16478763 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal anatomy has been poorly studied. This study aimed to measure baseline dimensions of the undistended vagina of women of reproductive age. METHODS We combined baseline information collected from five clinical trials using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify distribution of a vaginal gel. Seventy-seven MRI scans were performed on 28 women before gel application to establish baseline vaginal measurements. Average dimensions were calculated for each woman and for the population. The influence of potential covariates (age, height, weight and parity) on these dimensions was assessed. RESULTS MRI measurements are reproducible. The SD surrounding the mean at each anatomical site, and with summary measurements, was significantly smaller with each subject compared with the population. Mean vaginal length from cervix to introitus was 62.7 mm. Vaginal width was largest in the proximal vagina (32.5 mm), decreased as it passed through the pelvic diaphragm (27.8 mm) and smallest at the introitus (26.2 mm). Significant positive associations were parity with vaginal fornix length, age with pelvic flexure width and the height with width at the pelvic flexure. CONCLUSION No one description characterized the shape of the human vagina. Although there is variation among women, variables such as parity, age and height are positively associated with differences in baseline dimensions.
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Castilla J, Sobrino P, Lorenzo JM, Moreno C, Izquierdo A, Lezaun ME, López I, Núñez D, Perucha M, R'kaina Liesfi C, Zulaika D. [Present situation and future perspectives of the epidemic of HIV and AIDS in Spain]. An Sist Sanit Navar 2006; 29:13-25. [PMID: 16670726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Until 1997 Spain was the European country with the highest incidence of AIDS, due mainly to transmission between users of injected drugs. Since early 1990 there has been a fall in the rate of diagnoses of HIV infection in the Spanish autonomous communities where this information is available, and in 2004 this rate was situated below that of several western European countries. New infections in users of intravenous drugs have declined, and although heterosexual transmission has not undergone significant changes, it has become the prime cause of new HIV infections. The rate of diagnoses of HIV has fallen in both the indigenous population and immigrants; however, demographic changes have meant an increase in the percentage of HIV diagnoses in immigrants. In homosexual men there have been descriptions of a recent increase in the incidence of syphilis and gonococcus, which are a warning of possible increases in the transmission of HIV in this group. The number of people who live with HIV in Spain remains between 100,000 and 150,000 (2.4 to 3.6 per 1,000 inhabitants). In spite of the improvement in prognosis due to antiretroviral treatments, there are annually in Spain over 2,000 cases of AIDS (4.8 per 100,000 inhabitants) and over 1,600 deaths from AIDS (3.8 per 100,000). One third of the people who developed AIDS in 2004 had not until then been diagnosed with HIV, which prevented starting the antiretroviral treatment in time.
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Michel M, Izquierdo A, Decher G, Voegel JC, Schaaf P, Ball V. Layer by layer self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers with embedded phospholipid vesicles obtained by spraying: integrity of the vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:7854-9. [PMID: 16089392 DOI: 10.1021/la050497w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In a previous paper (Michel, M.; Vautier, D.; Voegel, J.-C.; Schaaf, P.; Ball, V. Langmuir 2004, 20, 4835), we showed that phospholipid vesicles can be incorporated into poly(glutamic-acid)/poly(allylamine) (PGA/PAH) multilayered polyelectrolyte films built by the alternated dipping of a surface in polyanion and polycation solutions. AFM imaging, quartz crystal microbalance, and ellipsometry suggested that the vesicles remain intact when adhering on the surface. In the present paper, we show that such films can also be realized by spraying both the polyelectrolyte solutions and the vesicles onto the surface. Using such vesicles filled with ferrocyanide ions, we prove by cyclic voltammetry that the sprayed vesicles remain intact when embedded in the multilayers. We show that multilayers containing two distinct layers of intact vesicles separated by several polyanion/polycation bilayers can also be constructed. Polyelectrolyte multilayers containing layers of phospholipid vesicles could act as reservoirs for drug or other biologically active molecules in controlled release bioactive coatings.
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Izquierdo A, Ono SS, Voegel JC, Schaaf P, Decher G. Dipping versus spraying: exploring the deposition conditions for speeding up layer-by-layer assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:7558-67. [PMID: 16042495 DOI: 10.1021/la047407s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte film fabrication by successive spraying of polycation and polyanion solutions is described and compared to classic dipping. The poly(styrenesulfonate)/poly(allylamine) system is examined in detail. The influence of various parameters such as spraying time, polyelectrolyte concentration, and effect of film drying during multilayer construction is investigated. It is found that film deposition by spraying is easily controlled and very reliable. The thickness of the multilayers grows linearly with the number of deposition cycles similarly to what is observed when dipping substrates or when polyelectrolyte solutions flow over a surface. The assembly of films is very fast and leads to films with small surface roughness as estimated by atomic force microscopy and X-ray reflectometry. Spray deposition allows achieving regular multilayer growth even under conditions for which dipping fails to produce homogeneous films (e.g., extremely short contact times). Moreover, because drainage constantly removes a certain quantity of the excess material arriving at the surface, one can even skip the rinsing step and, thus, speed up even further the whole buildup process.
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Moran T, de Castellanos D, Gomez C, Valero P, Alberola V, Gonzalez-Larriba J, Massuti B, Maestu I, Izquierdo A, Queralt C. PD-149 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations(mut) and response to gefitinib in lung adenocarcinomas. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cortes-Funes H, Gomez C, Rosell R, Valero P, Garcia-Giron C, Velasco A, Izquierdo A, Diz P, Camps C, Castellanos D, Alberola V, Cardenal F, Gonzalez-Larriba JL, Vieitez JM, Maeztu I, Sanchez JJ, Queralt C, Mayo C, Mendez P, Moran T, Taron M. Epidermal growth factor receptor activating mutations in Spanish gefitinib-treated non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1081-6. [PMID: 15851406 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND North American and Japanese non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation via tyrosine kinase (TK) mutations respond dramatically to gefitinib treatment. To date, however, the frequency and effect of EGFR TK mutations have not been examined in European patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-three Spanish advanced NSCLC patients who had progressed after chemotherapy, were treated with compassionate use of gefitinib. Patients were selected on the basis of available tumor tissue. Tumor genomic DNA was retrieved from paraffin-embedded tissue obtained by laser capture microdissection. EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21 were examined by direct sequencing. RESULTS EGFR mutations were found in 10 of 83 (12%) of patients. All mutations were found in adenocarcinomas, more frequently in females (P=0.007) and non-smokers (P=0.01). Response was observed in 60% of patients with mutations and 8.8% of patients with wild-type EGFR (P=0.001). Time to progression for patients with mutations was 12.3 months, compared with 3.6 months for patients with wild-type EGFR (P=0.002). Median survival was 13 months for patients with mutations and 4.9 months for those with wild-type EGFR (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS EGFR TK mutational analysis is a novel predictive test for selecting lung adenocarcinoma patients for targeted therapy with EGFR TK inhibitors.
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Ortega A, Rámila D, Izquierdo A, González L, Barat A, Gazapo R, Bosch RJ, Esbrit P. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System on the Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein Overexpression Induced by Nephrotoxic Acute Renal Failure in the Rat. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16:939-49. [PMID: 15728788 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2004040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a mitogenic factor for renal cells, is overexpressed in acute renal failure (ARF). Recent data support an association between PTHrP and the renin-angiotensin system in the damaged kidney. The effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) inhibitors (quinapril, enalapril, and/or losartan) on PTHrP and the PTH1 receptor (PTH1R) expression in rats with either folic acid (FA)- or gentamicin-induced ARF were analyzed. The decreased renal function and the PTHrP upregulation and PTH1R downregulation induced by the nephrotoxins were inhibited by the Ang II blockers. In tubuloepithelial cells NRK-52E, the rapid (10 min) increase in PTHrP mRNA by FA, associated with a perinuclear relocalization of Ang II/AT1 receptor, was inhibited by losartan but not candesartan, which traps Ang II receptors at the cell surface. Maximal PTHrP protein overexpression by FA (at 24 to 72 h)-or by exogenous Ang II-was abolished by both Ang II antagonists. PTHrP upregulation by FA was preceded by increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and inhibited by the ERK inhibitor PD098059. FA also activated cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein, and this was prevented by losartan in these cells. Moreover, PTHrP mRNA overexpression by either FA or Ang II occurred in NRK 52E that were transfected with a CREB construct but not the dominant-negative CREB133 construct. These findings demonstrate that the decreased renal function and PTHrP overexpression in nephrotoxin-damaged kidney depends on renin-angiotensin system. In this setting, intracellular Ang II/AT1 receptor recycling seems to be related to PTHrP induction through ERK and CREB activation in tubuloepithelial cells.
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Porcel CH, Izquierdo A, Ball V, Decher G, Voegel JC, Schaaf P. Ultrathin coatings and (poly(glutamic acid)/polyallylamine) films deposited by continuous and simultaneous spraying. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:800-802. [PMID: 15641860 DOI: 10.1021/la047570n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Brunet J, Berez V, Sanjosé S, Pelegrí A, Izquierdo A, Vilella E, Torres A, Galceran J, Borràs JL. Prevalence of ATM gene mutations in young breast cancer patients with a known BRCA1 and BRCA2 status: A population-based study. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Colomer R, Viñas G, Beltran M, Izquierdo A, Lluch A, Llombart-Cussac A, Alba E, Munárriz B, Martín M. Validation of the 2001 St Gallen risk categories for node-negative breast cancer using a database from the Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group (GEICAM). J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:961-2. [PMID: 14990656 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.99.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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de Sanjose S, Bosch FX, Tafur LA, Nascimento CM, Izarzugaza I, Izquierdo A, Barricarte A, Shah KV, Meijer CJLM, Muñoz N. Clearance of HPV infection in middle aged men and women after 9 years' follow up. Sex Transm Infect 2003; 79:348. [PMID: 12902601 PMCID: PMC1744702 DOI: 10.1136/sti.79.4.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ruiz-Llorente L, Sánchez MG, Carmena MJ, Prieto JC, Sánchez-Chapado M, Izquierdo A, Díaz-Laviada I. Expression of functionally active cannabinoid receptor CB1 in the human prostate gland. Prostate 2003; 54:95-102. [PMID: 12497582 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabinoids exert a wide spectrum of effects in men including alterations in the reproductive system. To date, two types of cannabinoid receptors have been cloned in humans, namely CB(1) and CB(2) belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Although cannabinoids have functional and morphologic effects in the prostate gland, the expression of cannabinoid receptors in this tissue has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human prostate gland and their regulatory effects on adenylyl cyclase activity. METHODS To investigate the existence of cannabinoid receptors in prostate, we used various methods, including reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Adenylyl cyclase activity was analyzed by measuring the cAMP produced by means of a competitive assay by using PKA. RESULTS Both mRNA for CB(1) and the corresponding protein are expressed in the human prostate gland at a level comparable with the receptor expressed in cerebellum. The molecular mass of the protein estimated from Western blot analysis was 58 kDa, which is in concordance with previous data for CB(1) in other tissues. Immunohistochemical studies show that CB(1) is preferentially expressed in the epithelia of the prostate. The cannabinoid receptor expressed in the prostate negatively regulates adenylyl cyclase activity through a pertussis toxin-sensitive protein.
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Hamajima N, Hirose K, Tajima K, Rohan T, Calle EE, Heath CW, Coates RJ, Liff JM, Talamini R, Chantarakul N, Koetsawang S, Rachawat D, Morabia A, Schuman L, Stewart W, Szklo M, Bain C, Schofield F, Siskind V, Band P, Coldman AJ, Gallagher RP, Hislop TG, Yang P, Kolonel LM, Nomura AMY, Hu J, Johnson KC, Mao Y, De Sanjosé S, Lee N, Marchbanks P, Ory HW, Peterson HB, Wilson HG, Wingo PA, Ebeling K, Kunde D, Nishan P, Hopper JL, Colditz G, Gajalanski V, Martin N, Pardthaisong T, Silpisornkosol S, Theetranont C, Boosiri B, Chutivongse S, Jimakorn P, Virutamasen P, Wongsrichanalai C, Ewertz M, Adami HO, Bergkvist L, Magnusson C, Persson I, Chang-Claude J, Paul C, Skegg DCG, Spears GFS, Boyle P, Evstifeeva T, Daling JR, Hutchinson WB, Malone K, Noonan EA, Stanford JL, Thomas DB, Weiss NS, White E, Andrieu N, Brêmond A, Clavel F, Gairard B, Lansac J, Piana L, Renaud R, Izquierdo A, Viladiu P, Cuevas HR, Ontiveros P, Palet A, Salazar SB, Aristizabel N, Cuadros A, Tryggvadottir L, Tulinius H, Bachelot A, Lê MG, Peto J, Franceschi S, Lubin F, Modan B, Ron E, Wax Y, Friedman GD, Hiatt RA, Levi F, Bishop T, Kosmelj K, Primic-Zakelj M, Ravnihar B, Stare J, Beeson WL, Fraser G, Bullbrook RD, Cuzick J, Duffy SW, Fentiman IS, Hayward JL, Wang DY, McMichael AJ, McPherson K, Hanson RL, Leske MC, Mahoney MC, Nasca PC, Varma AO, Weinstein AL, Moller TR, Olsson H, Ranstam J, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA, Apelo RA, Baens J, de la Cruz JR, Javier B, Lacaya LB, Ngelangel CA, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Marubini E, Ferraroni M, Gerber M, Richardson S, Segala C, Gatei D, Kenya P, Kungu A, Mati JG, Brinton LA, Hoover R, Schairer C, Spirtas R, Lee HP, Rookus MA, van Leeuwen FE, Schoenberg JA, McCredie M, Gammon MD, Clarke EA, Jones L, Neil A, Vessey M, Yeates D, Appleby P, Banks E, Beral V, Bull D, Crossley B, Goodill A, Green J, Hermon C, Key T, Langston N, Lewis C, Reeves G, Collins R, Doll R, Peto R, Mabuchi K, Preston D, Hannaford P, Kay C, Rosero-Bixby L, Gao YT, Jin F, Yuan JM, Wei HY, Yun T, Zhiheng C, Berry G, Cooper Booth J, Jelihovsky T, MacLennan R, Shearman R, Wang QS, Baines CJ, Miller AB, Wall C, Lund E, Stalsberg H, Shu XO, Zheng W, Katsouyanni K, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Dabancens A, Martinez L, Molina R, Salas O, Alexander FE, Anderson K, Folsom AR, Hulka BS, Bernstein L, Enger S, Haile RW, Paganini-Hill A, Pike MC, Ross RK, Ursin G, Yu MC, Longnecker MP, Newcomb P, Bergkvist L, Kalache A, Farley TMM, Holck S, Meirik O. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer--collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:1234-45. [PMID: 12439712 PMCID: PMC2562507 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2002] [Revised: 08/08/2002] [Accepted: 08/23/2002] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58,515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95,067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19-1.45, P<0.00001) for an intake of 35-44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33-1.61, P<0.00001) for >/=45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1% per 10 g per day, P<0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers=1.03, 95% CI 0.98-1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92-1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver.
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Garrido P, Vélez E, Izquierdo A, Matthews J, Gutiérrez-Tarrés MA, López Luna P, Bover J, Bosch RJ. A practical approach to the molecular biology of kidney diseases: from basic science to bed side. EDTNA/ERCA JOURNAL (ENGLISH ED.) 2002; 28:79-83. [PMID: 12216850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-6686.2002.tb00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the term "Molecular Biology" (MB) is generally a pplied to the biochemical processes that involve genes and the expression of proteins for which specific genes code. In recent years, astonishing advances have occurred in this field. Currently, there are many important powerful techniques allowing scientists to study the molecular mechanisms involved in many human genetic diseases. Furthermore, it is important to underline that the possibilities are not limited to the diagnosis and study of these genetic diseases. Indeed, by studying gene expression, MB also allows the molecular study of many acquired diseases such as viral hepatitis and cancer.Therefore, these major advances in the knowledge of gene biology are facilitating the arrival of a new era of gene therapy. This article will describe the most important techniques currently used in MB. Firstly, techniques involved in recombinant DNA technology will be discussed and these will include the study of DNA and the possibility of identifying the expression of abnormal genes, e.g. to identify individuals for paternity. Secondly, a description of techniques designed to study the expression of genes and their regulation will follow and they involve the study of RNA. Thirdly, the impact of genetic molecular studies as tools for medical diagnosis will be discussed and analysed. Finally, a discussion concerning the rational basis for gene therapy and its future perspectives is included. In this article, we have focused on technical or diagnostic aspects ofMolecular Biology. Although Ethics are also an interesting issue to deal with, theseissues are far beyond the scope of this review.
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Vallejo B, Izquierdo A, Blasco R, Pérez del Campo P, Luque de Castro MD. Bioremediation of an area contaminated by a fuel spill. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2001; 3:274-80. [PMID: 11432263 DOI: 10.1039/b006402p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to decontaminate a large area of restricted access contaminated by a fuel spill, laboratory and field studies were developed in two steps: (a) monitoring of the laboratory experiment on bacterial growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with and without addition of nutrients; and (b) use of the best conditions obtained in (a) for the decontamination of the soil. A hydraulic barrier was installed both to clean the aquifer and to avoid migration of hydrocarbons as a consequence of their solution in the groundwater and subsequent displacement. The objective was to create an ideal environment for the treatment of the affected area that favoured the growth of the indigenous bacteria (Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter) that biodegrade the hydrocarbons. Monitoring of the changes in the total concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil subjected to bacterial action was performed by gas chromatography. In a field study, the progress of biodegradation of hydrocarbons was evaluated in situ by changes in subsurface CO2/O2 levels by means of an analyser equipped with an infrared detector. Biostimulation and oxygen were the most influential factors for the biodegradation of the hydrocarbons. The use of bioventing of the soil was shown as an excellent technology to promote in situ bioremediation of the polluted area.
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Izquierdo A, Martín-González A, Gutiérrez JC. Resting cyst wall glycoproteins isolated from two colpodid ciliates are glycine-rich proteins. Cell Biol Int 2000; 24:115-9. [PMID: 10772771 DOI: 10.1006/cbir.1999.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two glycoproteins bands isolated from the cyst wall protein pattern of two colpodid ciliates, Colpoda inflata (gp46CI) and Colpoda cucullus (gp46CC) were analysed for their amino acid composition. Both glycoproteins are very rich in glycine and have a relatively high hydrophobicity, containing additionally many leucine and alanine residues. Their high degree of similarity is both quantitative and qualitative. Compared with just two previously published reports, their amino acid compositions are similar to those found in the hydrolysed cyst wall total proteins from the ciliates C. steinii and Paraurostyla spp. The amino acid composition corroborates that they are indeed glycoproteins, because asparagine, an amino acid residue suitable for the attachment to N-acetylglucosamine by its amide group (N-glycan), is abundant in both proteins. We discuss our data in relation to other glycine-rich proteins and a comparison with amino acid composition protein databases is carried out.
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Carbognani L, Espidel J, Izquierdo A. Chapter 13 Characterization of Asphaltenic Deposits from Oil Production and Transportation Operations. DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM SCIENCE 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7361(09)70284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Boothe RG, Louden T, Aiyer A, Izquierdo A, Drews C, Lambert SR. Visual outcome after contact lens and intraocular lens correction of neonatal monocular aphakia in monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:110-9. [PMID: 10634609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A monkey model was used to evaluate intraocular lenses (IOLs) and extended-wear contact lenses (EWCLs) for the optical treatment of infantile aphakia in humans. Specifically, the relative effectiveness of EWCLs used alone and IOLs used in combination with EWCLs in preventing amblyopia was assessed. METHODS A total of 33 rhesus monkeys was studied in this project, 24 assigned to experimental treatment groups and 9 to normal controls. Contact lenses made from a diffusing material or dyed opaque were placed on one eye at birth to simulate an infantile cataract. A unilateral lensectomy was then performed on the same eye within 2.5 weeks after birth. In 15 monkeys this was combined with implantation of an IOL. The eyes were left aphakic in the remaining 9 animals. EWCLs were used to adjust the optical correction of both aphakic and pseudophakic eyes to a near point (3-5 D). Opaque lenses were used to maintain daily part-time (approximately 70%) occlusion of the fellow eye. The primary outcome measure was grating acuity assessed with behavioral methods. Some animals were also assessed for acuity with sweep visually evoked potentials (VEPs) and for optotype acuity (Landolt C) with behavioral methods. RESULTS Two of the animals with IOLs developed complications in the eye that precluded completion of the behavioral assessment protocol. Only behavioral outcomes obtained before or in the absence of surgical complications are presented. There was a developmental delay in the maturation of grating acuity in both eyes of both treatment groups. Normal adult levels of grating acuity were eventually achieved in the group treated with IOLs combined with EWCLs. Grating acuity was significantly poorer than normal in aphakic eyes treated only with EWCLs. Comparison of the two treatment groups revealed that pseudophakic eyes treated with multifocal IOLs had significantly better gating acuity than aphakic eyes. Assessments of optotype acuity and sweep VEP acuity revealed amblyopic deficits in both pseudophakic and aphakic eyes. CONCLUSIONS Given an absence of serious postoperative complications, neonatal correction of aphakia with IOLs combined with EWCLs can lead to normal grating acuity in a primate model. Correction with EWCLs alone was not sufficient to produce normal grating acuity. Multifocal IOL treatments combined with EWCL provided a significantly better outcome than EWCL methods alone. However, neither IOL nor EWCL methods were able to prevent amblyopia as evaluated using behavioral testing with optotypes or with sweep VEPs.
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Vallejo B, Muñoz R, Izquierdo A, Luque de Castro MD. Cement for stabilisation of industrial residues containing heavy metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 1999; 1:563-8. [PMID: 11529190 DOI: 10.1039/a903668g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method aimed at decreasing the toxicity of heavy metals [namely, Zn(II) and Cr(III)] in real polluted residues by immobilisation has been developed. The residues were processed either with two cement-type stabilisers or lime. The cement-type stabilisers were Portland cement and Depocrete SM/2 at the self-generated pH (ca. 11) which afforded physical as well as chemical potential for the immobilisation of heavy metals. The other stabiliser, lime, reduced organic compounds, thus favouring the decrease of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and endowing the residue with better mechanical properties for transport. After leaching the stabilised residues using the standard leaching test [Order 13/10/89, Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) 270 10/11/89], three ways for establishing the toxicity of the treated residues were used, namely: (1) the ecotoxicity test using Photobacterium phosphoreum (DIN 38 412); (2) determination of the concentration of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); (3) determination of the COD or oxygen required for complete chemical oxidation of a water sample. Portland cement (20%) blended with Depocrete SM/2 (3%) acted as an effective stabiliser for residues containing heavy metals as it increased the ecotoxicity index (EC50) by more than five times. Thus the heavy metal concentration in the leaching liquid was lowered to less than 0.1 mg l-1. The addition of 5% of lime afforded a residue easily transportable from the place of treatment to the landfill. The precision of the method was studied in terms of both repeatability and reproducibility. The values found with respect to EC50 and expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD) were 1.6% and 5.1%, respectively.
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Velasco-Arjona A, Luque de Castro MD, Izquierdo A. Fully automated robotic method for the screening of polychlorinated biphenyls in used mineral oils. Analyst 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a707416f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sjödén B, Funke G, Izquierdo A, Akervall E, Collins MD. Description of some coryneform bacteria isolated from human clinical specimens as Corynebacterium falsenii sp. nov. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 1998; 48 Pt 1:69-74. [PMID: 9542078 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-48-1-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over a five-year period, four strains of a yellowish-pigmented coryneform bacterium were received for identification by the Culture Collection of the University of Göteborg. All strains had been isolated from normally sterile human body fluids. Initial biochemical characterization revealed that all four isolates were very similar, with weak pyrazinamidase and urease activities, as well as slow fermentative acid production from glucose as the most significant phenotypic features which differentiated the strains from all other presently defined corynebacteria. Chemotaxonomic investigations demonstrated that the strains belonged to the genus Corynebacterium. SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins suggested that all four strains were representatives of the same species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis unambiguously demonstrated that the four strains were genealogically related and represent a new subline within the genus Corynebacterium for which the designation Corynebacterium falsenii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Corynebacterium falsenii is CCUG 33651.
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Beltran M, Fuentes R, Izquierdo A. Treatment of ovarian cancer with intraperitoneal cisplatin. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1674; author reply 1675. [PMID: 9173271 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199706053362311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Bryce DW, Izquierdo A, Luque de Castro MD. Pervaporation as an Alternative to Headspace. Anal Chem 1997; 69:844-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac960456s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Viladiu P, Bosch FX, Castellsagué X, Muñoz N, Escribà JM, Hamsíkova E, Hofmannova V, Guerrero E, Izquierdo A, Navarro C, Moreo P, Izarzugaza I, Ascunce N, Gili M, Muñoz MT, Tafur L, Shah KV, Vonka V. Human papillomavirus DNA and antibodies to human papillomaviruses 16 E2, L2, and E7 peptides as predictors of survival in patients with squamous cell cervical cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15:610-9. [PMID: 9053484 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1997.15.2.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection in cervical cancer specimens, or antibodies to selected HPV 16 peptides are predictors of tumor recurrence and long-term survival in patients with squamous cell invasive cervical cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Four hundred seventy-one cases included in two population-based case-control studies underwent follow-up evaluation. The survival and cause of death were ascertained for 410 cases (87%), with a median follow-up time of 4.6 years after diagnosis. HPV DNA was assessed using an L1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based system and Southern hybridization (SH) on scraped cytologic specimens or biopsies. HPV 16 antibodies to E2, L2, and E7 peptides were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Clinical stage was the only independent prognostic factor for recurrence or survival. Although seropositivity to HPV 16 E7/3 peptide predicted a twofold excess risk of mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [HRa] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.3), the association was restricted to stage I (HRa = 6.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 37.6) and II (HRa = 5.9; 95% CI, 2.1 to 16.5) patients. The presence of HPV DNA (HRa = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.5), different estimates of the HPV viral load and the HPV type identified were not predictors of tumor recurrence or survival. CONCLUSION The presence of antibodies to HPV 16 E7 proteins is of prognostic value in early-stage cervical cancer. Our results provide strong evidence that detection and typing of HPV DNA in cervical cells or tissues is not a prognostic factor for recurrence or survival.
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Matute P, Martinez J, Gonzalez L, Martin J, Izquierdo A, Nunez D, Lopez N, Vindel A. Outbreak of food poisoning due to Staphylococcus aureus on the Island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). J Clin Epidemiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(97)87266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Sanjosé S, Bosch FX, Muñoz N, Tafur L, Gili M, Izarzugaza I, Izquierdo A, Navarro C, Vergara A, Muñoz MT, Ascunce N, Shah KV. Socioeconomic differences in cervical cancer: two case-control studies in Colombia and Spain. Am J Public Health 1996; 86:1532-8. [PMID: 8916516 PMCID: PMC1380685 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.86.11.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the causes of socioeconomic differences in invasive cervical cancer in two countries that differ substantially in cervical cancer incidence and economic development. METHODS Data were derived from two case-control studies carried out in Spain and Colombia; there were 373 case subjects, 387 control subjects, and 425 husbands interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Exfoliated cells were obtained from cervical or penile scrapes and tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. RESULTS Relative to better educated women, women with low educational levels in both countries reported fewer Pap smears and had a higher prevalence of HPV DNA. The prevalence ratio of HPV DNA across educational strata was twofold in Spain and fourfold in Colombia. In both countries, husbands of poorly educated women reported higher use of prostitutes than husbands of better educated women. In Colombia, 30% of husbands of poorly educated women harbored HPV DNA, compared with 10% of husbands of better educated women. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic differences in invasive cervical cancer could be partly explained by differences in the prevalence of HPV DNA and by a lower use of preventive care.
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Izquierdo A, Viladiu P, Borrás J, Galcerán J, Borràs JM, Dorca J, Vayreda J, Moreno V. [The risk of breast cancer in Catalonia]. Med Clin (Barc) 1996; 107:410-3. [PMID: 9045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the risk of developing breast cancer among Catalan women and to estimate the number of new cases of this tumor that appear annually in Catalonia (north-east of Spain). MATERIAL AND METHODS The incidence rates of breast cancer were used in the period 1985-1989 proceeding from the population-based cancer registries of Tarragona and Girona. The age-specific rates (ASR) in Catalonia were estimated by an ASR average of Girona and Tarragona, that were adjusted by the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of these health regions in relation to Catalonia. The cumulative rate and the risk of developing breast cancer were calculated, considering the probability of death by other causes. The temporal trend of breast cancer incidence was analysed by the Poisson's regression model. RESULTS The cumulative risk (0-74 years) for breast cancer among Catalan women was 5.17% (1 out of 19 women). The highest risk of developing breast cancer is in the group of age between 60 and 79 years old. Tarragona and Girona had both a moderate increase that was not statistically significant. About 2,550 new cases of breast cancer have been estimated in 1994 and 2,600 in 1996. CONCLUSION The risk of developing breast cancer in Catalonia after adjusting for the probability of dying by other causes, is lower than in other countries of Northern Europe and the United States.
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Viladiu P, Izquierdo A, de Sanjosé S, Bosch FX. A breast cancer case-control study in Girona, Spain. Endocrine, familial and lifestyle factors. Eur J Cancer Prev 1996; 5:329-35. [PMID: 8972251 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-199610000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore risk factors for breast cancer with emphasis on the detection of clinical markers of the hormonal imbalance during the perimenarche. Three hundred and thirty women diagnosed with breast cancer and 346 population controls were identified and interviewed in Girona, Spain between 1986 and 89. Cases were more likely than controls to have had long menstrual periods in the first 5 years after menarche [odds ratio (OR) = 3.0], to experience menopause at a late age (OR = 1.5) and to report acne during adolescence (OR = 1.6). Family history of breast cancer was associated with an increased risk (OR = 2.3). Cases reported a lower use of drug treatments for anxiety and sleep disorders than controls. Moderate alcohol drinkers and smokers were at lower risk for breast cancer. No statistically significant association with breast cancer was observed for number of children, age at last pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, hormonal treatment after menopause and weight perception during the teenage years. Hormonal changes in the years following menarche may be relevant to breast cancer risk. The roles of menstrual period length and acne during adolescence should be further explored.
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