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Caplan A. Physician-assisted suicide is not a good option without decent, universal health care. MINNESOTA MEDICINE 1997; 80:46. [PMID: 9385813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Naderi M, Caplan A, Berger PH. Phenotypic characterization of a tobacco mutant impaired in auxin polar transport. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1997; 17:32-38. [PMID: 30732416 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A mutation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv `Xanthi') called lat (low auxin transport) that changes many morphogenic features throughout the life of the plant has been isolated. Abnormalities were observed in seed development, embryogenesis, cotyledon formation, leaf initiation and development, leaf veination pattern, and flower development. Selfed R2 lat mutant plants set between 60% and 90% fewer seeds than wild-type tobacco, and about 10% of these seeds did not germinate. Non-germinating seeds contained either abnormal embryos or abnormal endosperm tissues. There was no uniformity in the stage at which embryonic development ceased in the aberrant seeds. Seedlings often revealed abnormal and highly varied phenotypes after germination. In some of these cases, cotyledons were heart-shaped, fused, cup-shaped, or cylindrical. Leaf morphology ranged from normal to cup-shaped, and some leaves occasionally produced shoots from the leaf midvein. Flowers ranged from normal to compound with occasional fused floral parts or split petals. Stamens were sometimes petal-like. This unusual assortment of phenotypic changes suggested that the mutation might affect a basic component of plant metabolism. We found that polar transport of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was reduced to about 9-19% of the wild-type level in the inflorescence axis of selfed R2 lat mutants. In addition, supplementation of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to sterile media suppressed some of the abnormalities of the lat mutation so long as the plants grew there. Similarities in the phenotype of embryos, cotyledon and leaf shapes, translocation of labeled IAA, and response to applied NAA indicate that the lat locus of tobacco may be analogous to the pin locus of Arabidopsis, or produce a protein that functions in the same auxin-transport pathway.
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Baker R, Caplan A, Emanuel LL, Latham SR. Crisis, ethics, and the American Medical Association 1847 and 1997. JAMA 1997; 278:163-4. [PMID: 9214535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kerr SM, Caplan A, Polin G, Smugar S, O'Neill K, Urowitz S. Postmortem sperm procurement. J Urol 1997; 157:2154-8. [PMID: 9146605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined the prevalence of requests for postmortem sperm procurement and the degree to which procurement is performed by those working in the field of infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structured telephone interviews were conducted with personnel at 273 assisted reproductive facilities in the United States and Canada. The number of facilities reporting requests and the number of facilities reporting that they performed the procedure were determined. RESULTS The prevalence of requests for postmortem sperm procurement was much greater than initially anticipated. A total of 82 requests was reported at 40 facilities in 22 different states between 1980 and 1995. More than half of the reported requests (43) were made between 1994 and 1995. Of the 82 requests 25 were honored at 14 facilities in 11 different states. No requests or procedures were reported from Canada. CONCLUSIONS Medical advances in postmortem sperm procurement, cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization permit retrieval of sperm after death for various purposes, including posthumous fatherhood. There are no explicit ethical guidelines, legislation or relevant case law, and fertility specialists must confront these issues before proceeding in a field fraught with moral and policy uncertainties.
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Chen Z, Iyer S, Caplan A, Klessig DF, Fan B. Differential Accumulation of Salicylic Acid and Salicylic Acid-Sensitive Catalase in Different Rice Tissues. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 114:193-201. [PMID: 12223699 PMCID: PMC158294 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.1.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We previously proposed that salicylic acid (SA)-sensitive catalases serve as biological targets of SA in plant defense responses. To further examine the role of SA-sensitive catalases, we have analyzed the relationship between SA levels and SA sensitivity of catalases in different rice (Oryza sativa) tissues. We show here that, whereas rice shoots contain extremely high levels of free SA, as previously reported (I. Raskin, H. Skubatz, W. Tang, B.J.D. Meeuse [1990] Ann Bot 66: 369-373; P. Silverman, M. Seskar, D. Kanter, P. Schweizer, J.-P. Metraux, I. Raskin [1995] Plant Physiol 108: 633-639), rice roots and cell-suspension cultures have very low SA levels. Catalases from different rice tissues also exhibit differences in sensitivity to SA. Catalase from rice shoots is insensitive to SA, but roots and cell-suspension cultures contain SA-sensitive catalase. The difference in SA sensitivity of catalases from these different tissues correlates with the tissue-specific expression of two catalase genes, CatA and CatB, which encode highly distinctive catalase proteins. CatA, which encodes a catalase with relatively low sequence homology to the tobacco SA-sensitive catalases, is expressed at high levels exclusively in the shoots. On the other hand, in roots and cell-suspension cultures, with northern analysis we detected expression of only the CatB gene, which encodes a catalase with higher sequence homology to tobacco catalases. The role of catalases in mediating some of the SA-induced responses is discussed in light of these results and the recently defined mechanisms of catalase inhibition by SA.
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Snyder L, Caplan A. Die hard: end-of-life care in America. PENNSYLVANIA MEDICINE 1996; 99:10-1. [PMID: 8755781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Haber C, Jones WR, Soglia J, Surve MA, McGlynn M, Caplan A, Reineck JR, Krstanovic C. Conductivity detection in capillary electrophoresis--a powerful tool in ion analysis. JOURNAL OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS 1996; 3:1-11. [PMID: 9384759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Conductivity detection in CE has recently become available in a commercial CE instrument. The new conductivity cell is based on an end-capillary concept. The conductivity sensor and the detection end of the fused-silica capillary are permanently encapsulated in two individually modified coupling connectors (ConTip, ConCap [both from Orion Research, Boston, MA, U.S.A.]). This open-architecture cell permits interchangeability of sensors and capillaries, while maintaining a precisely defined detection volume between those two components when inserted into the detector cell block. The detector's performance is evaluated for sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility using low-mobility electrolytes. Electropherograms comprising a variety of ionic class separations including inorganic and organic anions, organic surfactants, alkali metals, alkaline earths, transition metals, and organic amines are shown along with separations of actual samples.
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Caplan A. Bioethics: from adolescence to mid-life crisis. HOSPITAL ETHICS 1995; 11:4-5. [PMID: 10184453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Caplan A. An improved future? Sci Am 1995; 273:142-3. [PMID: 7652533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Caplan A. Minn. hospital bets home care will cut outpatient surgery LOS. HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS STRATEGY REPORT 1995; 12:11. [PMID: 10152369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Caplan A. Training hospital R.N.s in home care streamlines processes, ups income. HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS STRATEGY REPORT 1995; 12:11-2. [PMID: 10152417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Caplan A. ER-coordinated home care can save hospitals expensive inpatient costs. HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS STRATEGY REPORT 1995; 12:7. [PMID: 10152404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Van den Broeck D, Van der Straeten D, Van Montagu M, Caplan A. A group of chromosomal proteins is specifically released by spermine and loses DNA-binding activity upon phosphorylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 106:559-66. [PMID: 7991684 PMCID: PMC159561 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.2.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biologically relevant concentrations as low as 500 microM spermine led to the specific release of chromatin-associated proteins from nuclei of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings. Using a southwestern technique, it was shown that several of these proteins bind DNA. This affinity was lost upon in organello phosphorylation by an endogenous kinase. The effect of spermine was very specific. Spermidine was far less effective and putrescine was essentially ineffective in releasing these proteins. The most abundant spermine-released protein was shown to be homologous to the maize HMG1 protein. Our results suggest that spermine induces the release of spermine-released proteins by changing DNA conformation. Binding of these proteins might be sensitive to long-range changes in chromosome structure caused by torsional stress.
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Van Breusegem F, Dekeyser R, Gielen J, Van Montagu M, Caplan A. Characterization of a S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 105:1463-4. [PMID: 7972513 PMCID: PMC159491 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.4.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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Caplan A. Think today's ethical issues are tough? Just wait. Interview by Anita J. Slomski. MEDICAL ECONOMICS 1994; 71:38-9, 43-4, 48 passim. [PMID: 10133495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Caplan A. In health care reform, think of patient comfort, too. MINNESOTA MEDICINE 1993; 76:10-1. [PMID: 7690877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mudge GH, Goldstein S, Addonizio LJ, Caplan A, Mancini D, Levine TB, Ritsch ME, Stevenson LW. 24th Bethesda conference: Cardiac transplantation. Task Force 3: Recipient guidelines/prioritization. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22:21-31. [PMID: 8509544 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90812-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Israel EJ, Simister N, Freiberg E, Caplan A, Walker WA. Immunoglobulin G binding sites on the human foetal intestine: a possible mechanism for the passive transfer of immunity from mother to infant. Immunology 1993; 79:77-81. [PMID: 8509144 PMCID: PMC1422058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the prenatal transfer of IgG from mother to foetus is facilitated by a receptor for IgG on the placenta. However, amniotic fluid contains IgG of maternal origin, and transfer of swallowed IgG into the circulation from the foetal intestine represents another potential pathway of passive immunization. In this study we assayed for a foetal intestinal IgG receptor to support the hypothesis of this alternate pathway of antibody transfer. Microvillous membrane (MVM) from small bowel of aborted foetuses (18 weeks gestation) were probed with [125I]IgG to detect specific IgG binding sites. Binding was pH dependent and was maximal at pH 6. Competitive inhibition of the binding of [125I]IgG was noted with the addition of increasing amounts of unlabelled IgG. Scatchard analysis showed one binding site with a dissociation constant of 1.58 x 10(-7), similar to that of the IgG receptor described on the suckling rat intestine. The binding of labelled IgG to the human MVM receptor was Fc mediated. These observations provide evidence for an Fc receptor on the human foetal intestine.
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Caplan A. Must I be my brother's keeper? Ethical issues in the use of living donors as sources of liver and other solid organs. Transplant Proc 1993; 25:1997-2000. [PMID: 8470256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Caplan A. Biomedical ethics captures center stage. MINNESOTA MEDICINE 1992; 75:7-9. [PMID: 1470089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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