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Kwon SM, Budhu A, Woo HG, Chaisaingmongkol J, Dang H, Forgues M, Harris CC, Zhang G, Auslander N, Ruppin E, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat M, Wang XW. Functional Genomic Complexity Defines Intratumor Heterogeneity and Tumor Aggressiveness in Liver Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16930. [PMID: 31729408 PMCID: PMC6858353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and chromosome aneuploidy are major traits of primary liver cancer (PLC), which represent the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Increased cancer fitness and aggressiveness of PLC may be achieved by enhancing tumoral genomic complexity that alters tumor biology. Here, we developed a scoring method, namely functional genomic complexity (FGC), to determine the degree of molecular heterogeneity among 580 liver tumors with diverse ethnicities and etiologies by assessing integrated genomic and transcriptomic data. We found that tumors with higher FGC scores are associated with chromosome instability and TP53 mutations, and a worse prognosis, while tumors with lower FGC scores have elevated infiltrating lymphocytes and a better prognosis. These results indicate that FGC scores may serve as a surrogate to define genomic heterogeneity of PLC linked to chromosomal instability and evasion of immune surveillance. Our findings demonstrate an ability to define genomic heterogeneity and corresponding tumor biology of liver cancer based only on bulk genomic and transcriptomic data. Our data also provide a rationale for applying this approach to survey liver tumor immunity and to stratify patients for immune-based therapy.
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Haznadar M, Diehl CM, Parker AL, Krausz KW, Bowman ED, Rabibhadana S, Forgues M, Bhudhisawasdi V, Gonzalez FJ, Mahidol C, Budhu A, Wang XW, Ruchirawat M, Harris CC. Urinary Metabolites Diagnostic and Prognostic of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1704-1711. [PMID: 31358519 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With a predicted 2.4-fold rise in liver cancer incidence by 2020, there is an urgent need for early, inexpensive diagnostic biomarkers to deploy in the clinic. METHODS We employed ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC/MS-MS) for the quantitation of four metabolites, creatine riboside (CR), N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), cortisol sulfate, and a lipid molecule designated as 561+, in urine samples from the NCI-MD cohort comprising 98 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases, 101 high-risk subjects, and 95 controls. Validation was carried out in the TIGER-LC cohort [n = 370 HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cases, 471 high-risk subjects, 251 controls], where ICC, the second most common primary hepatic malignancy, is highly prevalent. Metabolite quantitation was also conducted in TIGER-LC tissue samples (n = 48 ICC; n = 51 HCC). RESULTS All profiled metabolites were significantly increased in liver cancer when compared with high-risk subjects and controls in the NCI-MD study. In the TIGER-LC cohort, the four-metabolite profile was superior at classifying ICC than a clinically utilized marker, CA19-9, and their combination led to a significantly improved model (AUC = 0.88, P = 4E-8). Metabolites CR and NANA were significantly elevated in ICC when compared with HCC cases in both urine and tissue samples. High levels of CR were associated with poorer prognosis in ICC. CONCLUSIONS Four metabolites are significantly increased in HCC and ICC and are robust at classifying ICC in combination with the clinically utilized marker CA19-9. IMPACT Noninvasive urinary metabolite biomarkers hold promise for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of ICC.
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Navasumrit P, Chaisatra K, Promvijit J, Parnlob V, Waraprasit S, Chompoobut C, Binh TT, Hai DN, Bao ND, Hai NK, Kim KW, Samson LD, Graziano JH, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat M. Correction to: Exposure to arsenic in utero is associated with various types of DNA damage and micronuclei in newborns: a birth cohort study. Environ Health 2019; 18:68. [PMID: 31340827 PMCID: PMC6657026 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported that incorrect version of Tables 1, 3, 5 and 6 were published.
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Navasumrit P, Chaisatra K, Promvijit J, Parnlob V, Waraprasit S, Chompoobut C, Binh TT, Hai DN, Bao ND, Hai NK, Kim KW, Samson LD, Graziano JH, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat M. Exposure to arsenic in utero is associated with various types of DNA damage and micronuclei in newborns: a birth cohort study. Environ Health 2019; 18:51. [PMID: 31174534 PMCID: PMC6555940 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that in utero arsenic exposures in humans may increase the risk of adverse health effects and development of diseases later in life. This study aimed to evaluate potential health risks of in utero arsenic exposure on genetic damage in newborns in relation to maternal arsenic exposure. METHODS A total of 205 pregnant women residing in arsenic-contaminated areas in Hanam province, Vietnam, were recruited. Prenatal arsenic exposure was determined by arsenic concentration in mother's toenails and urine during pregnancy and in umbilical cord blood collected at delivery. Genetic damage in newborns was assessed by various biomarkers of early genetic effects including oxidative/nitrative DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG, and 8-nitroguanine), DNA strand breaks and micronuclei (MN) in cord blood. RESULTS Maternal arsenic exposure, measured by arsenic levels in toenails and urine, was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in subjects residing in areas with high levels of arsenic contamination in drinking water. Cord blood arsenic level was significantly increased in accordance with maternal arsenic exposure (p < 0.001). Arsenic exposure in utero is associated with genotoxic effects in newborns indicated as increased levels of 8-OHdG, 8-nitroguanine, DNA strand breaks and MN frequency in cord blood with increasing levels of maternal arsenic exposure. Maternal toenail arsenic level was significantly associated with all biomarkers of early genetic effects, while cord blood arsenic levels associated with DNA strand breaks and MN frequency. CONCLUSIONS In utero arsenic exposure is associated with various types of genetic damage in newborns potentially contributing to the development of diseases, including cancer, later in life.
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Pailee P, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Prachyawarakorn V. Diverse flavonoids from the roots of Millettia brandisiana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 162:157-164. [PMID: 30925376 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation for the constituents of the roots of Millettia brandisiana, using bioassay guided fractionation, resulted in the isolation of five previously undescribed (namely brandisianones A-E) and twenty-six known flavonoids. Their chemical structures were determined using a combination of NMR, MS, IR, optical rotation and CD analysis, as well as comparison with the literature data. The crude extract as well as the isolated compounds were evaluated in various biological assays for their cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines, potential inhibitory activity against aromatase, and antioxidant property using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) with an aim to search for leads and develop them to drug candidates in our drug discovery effort, we identified three bioactive flavonoids from M. brandisiana which could be further developed into a potential chemopreventive (antiaromatase) agent against breast cancer.
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Thengchaisri N, Mahidol C. Evaluating the effects of continuous intravenous infusions of tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine on sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and entropy values in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:682-688. [PMID: 30880302 PMCID: PMC6541834 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sparing effects of tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine infusion on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in dogs as well as the entropy indices were investigated.
Anesthesia was induced in eight young, healthy German shepherds weighing 27.6 ± 3.2 kg (mean ± SD) and maintained with sevoflurane. A standard tail-clamp technique was used to determine
sevoflurane MAC during infusion with: sevoflurane alone to measure baseline MAC (MACB); tramadol (intravenous loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg and constant rate infusion [CRI] of 2.6
mg/kg/hr; MACT); and tramadol-lidocaine (tramadol CRI of 2.6 mg/kg/hr; and lidocaine intravenous loading dose of 1.0 mg/kg and CRI of 6 mg/kg/hr; MACTL). The state
entropy (SE), response entropy (RE), and RE-SE difference were recorded 5 min prior to and during tail clamping. MACB was 2.4 ± 0.2%. Tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine CRI decreased
MAC to 2.2 ± 0.3% and 1.7 ± 0.3%, respectively. The MAC-sparing effect of tramadol-lidocaine was greater than that of tramadol alone (8.2 ± 8.9% vs. 30.1 ± 10.7%;
P<0.01). SE and RE in all subjects, and RE-SE difference in most subjects, were increased (all P<0.05) when they responded purposefully to noxious
stimulation. A tramadol-lidocaine combination infusion can reduce anesthetic requirements to a higher degree than tramadol alone. Furthermore, MACentropy, MAC required to prevent increased
entropy in response to a painful stimulation, and MAC of sevoflurane were similar in dogs.
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Boonsombat J, Chawengrum P, Mahidol C, Kittakoop P, Ruchirawat S, Thongnest S. A new 22,26-seco physalin steroid from Physalis angulata. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1097-1104. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1550766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Siripongsakun S, Vidhyarkorn S, Charuswattanakul S, Mekraksakit P, Sungkasubun P, Yodkhunnathum N, Tangruangkiat S, Ritlumlert N, Sricharunrat T, Jaroenpatarapesaj S, Soonklang K, Kulthanmanusorn A, Auewarakul CU, Mahidol C. Ultrasound surveillance for cholangiocarcinoma in an endemic area: A prove of survival benefits. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1383-1388. [PMID: 29247982 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Abdominal ultrasound surveillance may detect early-stage malignancy and improve surgical outcome. However, little data exist on the benefits of abdominal ultrasound surveillance in populations at high risk for CCA development in an endemic area. This study compared survival outcomes of CCA patients recruited through abdominal ultrasound surveillance program and those presented to the hospital independent of surveillance. METHODS The surveillance population-based cohort was 4225 villagers in Northern Thailand, aged 30-60 years, who consented to a 5-year abdominal ultrasound surveillance program, which included interval ultrasound examinations every 6 months. The non-surveillance cohort was hospital-based CCA patients diagnosed during April 2007 to November 2015. Numbers of operable tumors, percentages of R0 resection, and survival analyses were compared between the two cohorts. RESULTS There were 48 and 192 CCA patients in the surveillance and the non-surveillance cohorts, respectively. Of these, 37/48 (77.1%) and 22/192 (11.5%) were in an operable stage and R0 resections performed in 36/48 (97.3%) and 14/192 (63.6%), respectively. The median survival in each group was 31.8 and 6.7 months, respectively (with correction of lead time bias) (P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, abdominal ultrasound surveillance (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.41; P = 0.012), operable stage (HR = 0.11; P < 0.001), and serum albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dL (HR = 0.42; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with decreased mortality, whereas size of CCA (HR = 1.11; P < 0.001), serum alanine aminotransferase > 40 IU/L (HR = 1.71; P = 0.017), and tumor recurrence (HR = 4.86; P = 0.017) were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSION Abdominal ultrasound surveillance provided survival benefits and should be considered in areas highly endemic for CCA to reduce mortality.
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Mahidol C. Women in Natural Products Science. PLANTA MEDICA 2018; 84:557. [PMID: 29925112 DOI: 10.1055/a-0621-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Chimnoi N, Reuk-Ngam N, Chuysinuan P, Khlaychan P, Khunnawutmanotham N, Chokchaichamnankit D, Thamniyom W, Klayraung S, Mahidol C, Techasakul S. Characterization of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum leaves: Antibacterial and mode of action against selected gastroenteritis pathogens. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:290-300. [PMID: 29578062 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil of fresh leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (OGEO) was water-steam distilled and analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-seven compounds were identified, with eugenol (55.6%) as the major component followed by cis-ocimene (13.9%), γ-muurolene (11.6%), (Z,E)-α-farnesene (5.6%), α-trans-bergamotene (4.1%), and β-caryophyllene (2.7%). Antimicrobial activity of OGEO was tested against four gastroenteritis pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri). OGEO exhibited antibacterial effect, with MICs of 1-2 mg ml-1, against the tested species. OGEO also displayed rapid killing effect within 5 s at four times of MIC against both E. coli and S. Typhimurium. Various assays were performed to investigate the mode of action of the oil. OGEO increased the permeability of microbial cell membrane as evidenced by LIVE/DEAD BacLight assay. Analyses of the release of absorbing materials at 260 nm, protein leakage, SDS-PAGE, and SEM strongly suggested the disruptive action of the oil on the cytoplasmic membrane of the tested microorganisms. Results revealed that the antibacterial property of OGEO could be due to membrane disruption.
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Molee W, Phanumartwiwath A, Kesornpun C, Sureram S, Ngamrojanavanich N, Ingkaninan K, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P. Naphthalene Derivatives and Quinones from Ventilago denticulata
and Their Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitory Activities. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700537. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJR, Adeyi O, Arnold R, Basu NN, Baldé AB, Bertollini R, Bose-O'Reilly S, Boufford JI, Breysse PN, Chiles T, Mahidol C, Coll-Seck AM, Cropper ML, Fobil J, Fuster V, Greenstone M, Haines A, Hanrahan D, Hunter D, Khare M, Krupnick A, Lanphear B, Lohani B, Martin K, Mathiasen KV, McTeer MA, Murray CJL, Ndahimananjara JD, Perera F, Potočnik J, Preker AS, Ramesh J, Rockström J, Salinas C, Samson LD, Sandilya K, Sly PD, Smith KR, Steiner A, Stewart RB, Suk WA, van Schayck OCP, Yadama GN, Yumkella K, Zhong M. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. Lancet 2018; 391:462-512. [PMID: 29056410 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1667] [Impact Index Per Article: 277.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kaweetripob W, Mahidol C, Wongbundit S, Tuntiwachwuttikul P, Ruchirawat S, Prawat H. Sesterterpenes and phenolic alkenes from the Thai sponge Hyrtios erectus. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boonsombat J, Mahidol C, Chawengrum P, Reuk-Ngam N, Chimnoi N, Techasakul S, Ruchirawat S, Thongnest S. Roscotanes and roscoranes: Oxygenated abietane and pimarane diterpenoids from Kaempferia roscoeana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 143:36-44. [PMID: 28759790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eight previously undescribed ditepenoids, including four oxygenated abietanes (roscotanes A-D) and four oxygenated pimaranes (roscoranes A-D), along with twelve known diterpenoids were isolated from the whole plants of Kaempferia roscoeana. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the structure of roscotane A was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Most isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antimalarial activities.
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Chaisaingmongkol J, Budhu A, Dang H, Rabibhadana S, Pupacdi B, Kwon SM, Forgues M, Pomyen Y, Bhudhisawasdi V, Lertprasertsuke N, Chotirosniramit A, Pairojkul C, Auewarakul CU, Sricharunrat T, Phornphutkul K, Sangrajrang S, Cam M, He P, Hewitt SM, Ylaya K, Wu X, Andersen JB, Thorgeirsson SS, Waterfall JJ, Zhu YJ, Walling J, Stevenson HS, Edelman D, Meltzer PS, Loffredo CA, Hama N, Shibata T, Wiltrout RH, Harris CC, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat M, Wang XW. Common Molecular Subtypes Among Asian Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32. [PMID: 28648284 PMCID: PMC5524207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are clinically disparate primary liver cancers with etiological and biological heterogeneity. We identified common molecular subtypes linked to similar prognosis among 199 Thai ICC and HCC patients through systems integration of genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. While ICC and HCC share recurrently mutated genes, including TP53, ARID1A, and ARID2, mitotic checkpoint anomalies distinguish the C1 subtype with key drivers PLK1 and ECT2, whereas the C2 subtype is linked to obesity, T cell infiltration, and bile acid metabolism. These molecular subtypes are found in 582 Asian, but less so in 265 Caucasian patients. Thus, Asian ICC and HCC, while clinically treated as separate entities, share common molecular subtypes with similar actionable drivers to improve precision therapy.
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Budhu A, Chaisaingmongkol J, Dang H, Rabibhadana S, Pupacdi B, Kwon SM, Forgues M, Pomyen Y, Bhudhisawasdi V, Lertprasertsuke N, Chotirosniramit A, Pairojkul C, Auewarakul CU, Sricharunrat T, Phornphutkul K, Sangrajrang S, Cam M, He P, Hewitt SM, Wu X, Thorgeirsson SS, Waterfall JJ, Zhu YJ, Walling J, Stevenson HS, Edelman D, Meltzer PS, Loffredo CA, Wiltrout RH, Harris CC, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat M, Wang XW. Abstract 4390: The Thailand initiative in genomics and expression research in liver cancer: Race related common molecular subtypes among Asian hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma identified by integrated genomics. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are two distinct histological liver cancers. They are clinically and biologically heterogeneous and highly resistant to treatment, making liver cancer the second most lethal malignancy in the world. In Thailand, liver cancer represents the primary cause of cancer-related death and is a major health problem. While HBV and HCV are major etiological factors for HCC globally, liver fluke infection (O. viverrini) is a major etiological factor for ICC in Thailand, especially in north-eastern Thailand where O. viverrini is endemic and approximately 70% of liver cancers are ICC. These unique risk factor patterns provide an opportunity to study cancer heterogeneity and unique liver tumor biology. The Thailand Initiative in Genomics and Expression Research for Liver Cancer (TIGER-LC) consortium was established to identify genomic and expression factors that may modify HCC and ICC susceptibility and progression. Here, we determined molecular subtypes and features of HCC and ICC through systems integration of genomic, transcriptomic and metabolic profiles.
We performed genome wide profiling of 398 surgical specimens derived from 199 Thai liver cancer patients. We employed the Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0, the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0, Metabolon's DiscoveryHD4 platform and Exome Sequencing to examine transcriptome profiles, somatic copy number alterations (SCNA), cancer metabolic profiles and mutation patterns, respectively. The results were validated in 847 independent Asian or Caucasian HCC or ICC cases.
Transcriptomic analyses revealed that Thai HCC consisted of 3 stable subgroups (C1-C3), while Thai ICC contained 4 stable subgroups (C1-C4). Interestingly, HCC-C1 and ICC-C1 subtypes shared a similar gene expression matrix, as did HCC-C2 and ICC-C2, which correlated with patient survival. These prognostic subtypes were validated in independent Asian HCC and ICC cohorts, but not in Caucasian patients, and were associated with tumor biology rather than etiology. GSEA revealed that the C1 subtype is enriched for mitotic checkpoint anomalies, while the C2 subtype is related to cytokine and chemokine signaling. We found that the C1 subtype encompassed a higher degree of SCNA when compared to the C2 subtype, suggesting an association with a genomic instability phenotype. Further analysis showed that the C2 subtype is linked to an increased body mass index, inflammatory responses and unique tumor metabolic activities.
HCC and ICC from Asian populations, while clinically treated as separate entities, share common subtypes with similar actionable drivers which can be targeted to improve precision therapy.
Citation Format: Anuradha Budhu, Jittiporn Chaisaingmongkol, Hien Dang, Siritida Rabibhadana, Benjarath Pupacdi, So Mee Kwon, Marshonna Forgues, Yotsawat Pomyen, Vajarabhongsa Bhudhisawasdi, Nirush Lertprasertsuke, Anon Chotirosniramit, Chawalit Pairojkul, Chirayu U. Auewarakul, Thaniya Sricharunrat, Kannika Phornphutkul, Suleeporn Sangrajrang, Maggie Cam, Ping He, Stephen M. Hewitt, Xiaolin Wu, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Joshua J. Waterfall, Yuelin J. Zhu, Jennifer Walling, Holly S. Stevenson, Daniel Edelman, Paul S. Meltzer, Christopher A. Loffredo, Robert H. Wiltrout, Curtis C. Harris, Chulabhorn Mahidol, Mathuros Ruchirawat, Xin W. Wang. The Thailand initiative in genomics and expression research in liver cancer: Race related common molecular subtypes among Asian hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma identified by integrated genomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4390. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4390
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Boonsombat J, Prachyawarakorn V, Pansanit A, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Thongnest S. Superbanone, A New 2-Aryl-3-benzofuranone and Other Bioactive Constituents from the Tube Roots ofButea superba. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sriprayoon T, Mahidol C, Ungtrakul T, Chun-On P, Soonklang K, Pongpun W, Laohapand C, Dechma J, Pothijaroen C, Auewarakul C, Tanwandee T. Efficacy and safety of entecavir versus tenofovir treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients: A randomized controlled trial. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:E161-E168. [PMID: 27176630 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are considered among the most potent antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. We aimed to compare treatment efficacy and safety of ETV and TDF in nucleoside-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients. METHODS Inclusion criteria were compensated chronic hepatitis B patients who were either hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive or HBeAg-negative. Exclusion criteria were co-infection with hepatitis C virus and/or HIV, concurrent malignancy, and decompensated cirrhosis. Virological, biochemical, and serological end-points at week 96 and 144 were compared. Of 400 patients, 200 patients received ETV and 200 received TDF. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics including age (41.6 ± 11.5 vs. 41.2 ± 11.6, mean baseline hepatitis B virus DNA (5.91 ± 1.79 vs. 5.94 ± 1.68 log10 IU/mL), mean baseline alanine aminotransferase (68.1 ± 64.1 vs. 76.8 ± 79.8 U/L), and cirrhosis (15.5% vs. 14.5%). At week 144 of treatment, 91 and 94% of the ETV and TDF groups, respectively, achieved undetectable hepatitis B virus DNA. In HBeAg-positive patients, HBeAg seroconversion could be achieved in 27.4% and 33.7% at week 144 for ETV and TDF groups, respectively. Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen dropped significantly over 144 weeks of treatment period but only 1.0 to 1.5% experienced hepatitis B surface antigen loss. Safety profiles were consistent with previous reports of monotherapy. CONCLUSION Both ETV and TDF showed potent antiviral activity against hepatitis B. Either ETV or TDF can be recommended as a treatment of choice for patients with chronic hepatitis B. Both drugs were safe and well tolerated.
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Pailee P, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Prachyawarakorn V. Sterols from Thai Marine Sponge Petrosia (Strongylophora) sp. and Their Cytotoxicity. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15030054. [PMID: 28241489 PMCID: PMC5367011 DOI: 10.3390/md15030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new sterols (1–5 and 11–13), together with eight known compounds (6–10 and 14–16) were isolated from marine sponge Petrosia sp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxicity of some compounds against a panel of human cancer cell lines is also reported.
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Thongnest S, Boonsombat J, Prawat H, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S. Ailanthusins A-G and nor-lupane triterpenoids from Ailanthus triphysa. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 134:98-105. [PMID: 27890583 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided chemical investigation of the CH2Cl2 and CH2Cl2MeOH extracts of the stem and stem bark material of Ailanthus tryphysa (Simaroubaceae) led to the isolation of five cycloapotirucallanes, ailanthusins A-E, two malabaricanes, ailanthusins F-G, and one nor-lupane triterpenoid, 29-nor-lup-1-ene-3,20-dione along with twenty known compounds. Their structures were elucidated through the application of extensive spectroscopic methods, and the structure of ailanthusin A was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. Several malabaricane derivatives were prepared from malabaricol and, together with some of the isolates, were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human cancer and normal cell lines.
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Ungtrakul T, Mahidol C, Chun-on P, Laohapand C, Siripongsakun S, Worakitsitisatorn A, Vidhayakorn S, Boonchuay W, Dechma J, Sornsamdang G, Soonklang K, Sriprayoon T, Tanwandee T, Auewarakul CU. Hepatocellular carcinoma screening and surveillance in 2293 chronic hepatitis B patients in an endemic area. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7806-7812. [PMID: 27678364 PMCID: PMC5016381 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i34.7806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of screening and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.
METHODS We recruited 2293 CHB patients (both males and females; aged 20-65 years). All patients were screened and underwent surveillance using abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay every 6 mo. The diagnosis, staging and treatment of HCC followed the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases practice guidelines and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer guidelines. The exclusion criteria included: decompensated cirrhosis; a history of any cancer in the last 5 years; previous antiviral treatment for CHB; concurrent infection with hepatitis C virus or human immunodeficiency virus; a Karnofsky Performance Status score < 60%; or any medical condition preventing eligibility to complete the protocol. The prevalence and incidence rates of HCC were determined; survival rates were calculated at 3-year post HCC diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated on a per-patient basis.
RESULTS Among 2293 treatment-naïve CHB patients, seven cases had HCC at initial screening, giving a prevalence rate of 305 per 100000 persons; 3.3% were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, all of which were Child-Pugh class A. With a median follow-up time of 42 (range, 3-48) mo, 10 additional cases were diagnosed with HCC, resulting in an incidence rate of 143 per 100000 persons per year. This burden was as high as that reported in other studies from East Asian countries. All HCC patients were aged ≥ 40 years. Most were at an early stage (Stage 0, A or B); 14/17 cases were successfully treated with surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation, with a high 3-year survival rate of 90%. Hemangioma was the most common focal liver lesion in CHB patients detected by AUS; the main causes of AFP elevation at the initial screening were cirrhosis, increased alanine aminotransferase level and HCC. AUS detected 16/17 HCC cases whereas AFP levels ≥ 20 μg/L at diagnosis were observed in only 7/17 patients, most with a tumor size > 5 cm. For HCC screening and surveillance, AUS had a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 82%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of AFP at a cut-off value of ≥ 20 μg/L were 41% and 98%, respectively. Combined use of AUS and AFP assay did not improve effectiveness.
CONCLUSION Implementation of active screening and surveillance using AUS to detect early-stage HCC in naïve CHB patients aged ≥ 40 years in an endemic area is of benefit.
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Kaweetripob W, Mahidol C, Thongnest S, Prawat H, Ruchirawat S. Polyoxygenated ursane and oleanane triterpenes from Siphonodon celastrineus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 129:58-67. [PMID: 27469098 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Twenty polyoxygenated triterpenes, including nineteen ursanes and one oleanane, were characterized from the stem material of Siphonodon celastrineus (Celastraceae) through the application of spectroscopic techniques and chemical transformation. Three of the ursane-type triterpenoids possessed the rare 13,27-cyclopropane ring skeleton.
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Siripongpreeda B, Mahidol C, Dusitanond N, Sriprayoon T, Muyphuag B, Sricharunrat T, Teerayatanakul N, Chaiwong W, Worasawate W, Sattayarungsee P, Sangthongdee J, Prarom J, Sornsamdang G, Soonklang K, Wittayasak K, Auewarakul CU. High prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in the Thai population: a prospective screening colonoscopy of 1,404 cases. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:101. [PMID: 27553627 PMCID: PMC4995664 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer is evident in recent years in the developing Asian nations. Particularly in Thailand and most neighbouring low-income countries, screening colonoscopy is not yet recommended nor implemented at the national policy level. Methods Screening colonoscopy was offered to 1,500 healthy volunteers aged 50–65 years old who were registered into the program between July 2009 and June 2010. Biopsy and surgery was performed depending on the identified lesions. Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) were additionally performed for comparison with colonoscopy. Results There were 1,404 participants who underwent colonoscopy. The mean age of the cohort was 56.9 ± 4.2 years and 69.4 % were females. About 30 % (411 cases) of all colonoscopies had abnormal colonoscopic findings, and of these, 256 cases had adenomatous polyps. High risk adenomas (villous or tubulovillous or high grade dysplasia or size > 1 cm or > 3 adenomatous polyps) were found in 98 cases (7 %), low risk adenoma in 158 cases (11.3 %), and hyperplastic polyps in 119 cases (8.5 %). Eighteen cases (1.3 %) had colorectal cancer and 90 % of them (16 cases) were non-metastatic including five stage 0 cases, seven stage I cases, and four stage IIA cases. Only two cases had metastasis: one to regional lymph nodes (stage IIIB) and another to other organs (stage IVA). The most common cancer site was the distal intestine including rectum (7 cases, 38.9 %) and sigmoid colon (7 cases, 38.9 %). Ten colorectal cancer cases had positive FIT whereas 8 colorectal cancer cases were FIT-negative. The sensitivity and specificity of FIT was 55.6 % and 96.2 %, respectively, while the positive predictive value was 16.4 % and negative predictive value was 99.4 %. The overall survival of colorectal cancer cases at 5-year was 83.3 %. Conclusion High prevalence of colorectal cancer and high-risk adenoma was found in the Thai population aged 50–65 years old by screening colonoscopy. FIT was not sensitive enough to detect colorectal cancer in this asymptomatic cohort. Integration of screening colonoscopy into the national cancer screening program should be implemented to detect early cases of advanced colorectal neoplasia and improve survival of colorectal cancer patients in Thailand.
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Kesornpun C, Aree T, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P. Corrigendum: Water-Assisted Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions: Synthesis of Isoxazoles and Stereoselective Syntheses of Isoxazolines and 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10548. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Prawat H, Mahidol C, Kaweetripob W, Prachyawarakorn V, Tuntiwachwuttikul P, Ruchirawat S. Sesquiterpene isocyanides, isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, and formamides from the Thai sponge Halichondria sp. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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