26
|
Niessner A, Goronzy J, Weyand C. Immune-Mediated Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis: Prevention and Treatment of Clinical Manifestations. Curr Pharm Des 2007; 13:3701-10. [DOI: 10.2174/138161207783018626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
27
|
Guzik TJ, Hoch NE, Brown KA, McCann LA, Rahman A, Dikalov S, Goronzy J, Weyand C, Harrison DG. Role of the T cell in the genesis of angiotensin II induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:2449-60. [PMID: 17875676 PMCID: PMC2118469 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1292] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension promotes atherosclerosis and is a major source of morbidity and mortality. We show that mice lacking T and B cells (RAG-1−/− mice) have blunted hypertension and do not develop abnormalities of vascular function during angiotensin II infusion or desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)–salt. Adoptive transfer of T, but not B, cells restored these abnormalities. Angiotensin II is known to stimulate reactive oxygen species production via the nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in several cells, including some immune cells. Accordingly, adoptive transfer of T cells lacking the angiotensin type I receptor or a functional NADPH oxidase resulted in blunted angiotensin II–dependent hypertension and decreased aortic superoxide production. Angiotensin II increased T cell markers of activation and tissue homing in wild-type, but not NADPH oxidase–deficient, mice. Angiotensin II markedly increased T cells in the perivascular adipose tissue (periadventitial fat) and, to a lesser extent the adventitia. These cells expressed high levels of CC chemokine receptor 5 and were commonly double negative (CD3+CD4−CD8−). This infiltration was associated with an increase in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and RANTES in the aorta. Hypertension also increased T lymphocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, and treatment with the TNFα antagonist etanercept prevented the hypertension and increase in vascular superoxide caused by angiotensin II. These studies identify a previously undefined role for T cells in the genesis of hypertension and support a role of inflammation in the basis of this prevalent disease. T cells might represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of high blood pressure.
Collapse
|
28
|
Guzik TJ, Hoch NE, Brown K, McCann L, Rahman A, Goronzy J, Weyand C, Harrison DG. T cell activation and their infiltration into the vascular wall in Angiotensin II dependent hypertension. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb73-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
29
|
Ma-Krupa W, Groschel S, Piggott K, Vaglio A, Pryshchep O, Shimada K, Gewirtz A, Goronzy J, Weyand C. OR.53. Vascular Dendritic Cells Regulate Tissue Invasiveness of CD4 T-Cells. Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.04.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
30
|
Peus D, Beyerle A, Rittner HL, Pott M, Meves A, Weyand C, Pittelkow MR. Anti-psoriatic drug anthralin activates JNK via lipid peroxidation: mononuclear cells are more sensitive than keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114:688-92. [PMID: 10733674 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthralin is a widely used, topical therapy for psoriasis. Anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties of anthralin have been identified. Little is known, however, about differential sensitivities of targeted cell types and specific mechanisms of signaling pathway activation. We demonstrate that anthralin exerts potent effects on keratinocytes and mononuclear cells through strong induction of lipid peroxidation and JNK activation, a stress-induced signal transduction pathway. Lipid peroxidation was observed rapidly and half-maximal levels of lipid peroxidation were reached at a 10-fold lower concentration of anthralin for peripheral blood mononuclear cells vs normal keratinocytes. JNK activation was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at a 40-fold lower anthralin dose compared with keratinocytes. For both cell types, selected inhibitors of lipid peroxidation prevented JNK activation. This study demonstrates that mononuclear leukocytes are markedly more sensitive than keratinocytes to anthralin-induced lipid peroxidation and JNK activation. We identify anthralin as a novel and potent inducer of JNK activation and demonstrate that this process is mediated, at least in part, by lipid peroxidation which is among the earliest and most proximate, membrane-related responses to anthralin yet described.
Collapse
|
31
|
O'Duffy JD, Calamia K, Cohen S, Goronzy JJ, Herman D, Jorizzo J, Weyand C, Matteson E. Interferon-alpha treatment of Behçet's disease. J Rheumatol 1998; 25:1938-44. [PMID: 9779847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is effective in Behçet's disease (BD). METHODS Ten patients having active BD were entered into a 6 month open label trial of IFN-alpha therapy given by self-administered dose of 3 million units subcutaneously daily. Provision was made for downward or upward dosing depending on predetermined responses. Four study centers followed the same protocol. Patients having ocular or neurologic inflammation at onset of the study were excluded. RESULTS Seven patients completed the trial, while 3 were removed at 3 and 4 months for side effects or lack of efficacy. There was a substantial reduction in the number of oral and genital ulcers, cutaneous lesions, and articular signs and symptoms by the end of the study. Pain scores, global assessments, and prednisone dose also declined. The IFN-alpha dose at end of study averaged 1.5 million units. Significant side effects, besides the anticipated flu-like syndrome experienced by all the patients, included single instances of seizure, psychosis, psoriasis, and hyperthyroidism. CONCLUSION The results suggest that IFN-alpha is effective therapy for some manifestations of Behçet's disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Levy NT, Olson LJ, Weyand C, Brack A, Tazelaar HD, Edwards WD, Hammill SC. Histologic and cytokine response to immunosuppression in giant-cell myocarditis. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:648-50. [PMID: 9537938 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-128-8-199804150-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
33
|
Hunder GG, Goronzy J, Weyand C, Weyland C [corrected to Weyand C]. Is seronegative RA in the elderly the same as polymyalgia rheumatica? BULLETIN ON THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES 1994; 43:1-3. [PMID: 8173652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
34
|
He XW, Goronzy J, Weyand C. Selective induction of rheumatoid factors by superantigens and human helper T cells. J Clin Invest 1992; 89:673-80. [PMID: 1371126 PMCID: PMC442901 DOI: 10.1172/jci115634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of autoantibodies specific for the Fc region of autologous IgG, called rheumatoid factors (RF), is a characteristic finding in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To study the requirements regulating the synthesis of these autoantibodies, we have cloned human helper T cells and co-cultured them with purified B cells. To mimic cognate T-B cell interaction, we have used bacterial superantigens that function by cross-linking HLA molecules on the B cell with selected T cell receptor (TCR) molecules expressing a particular polymorphism of the V beta gene segment. Data presented here demonstrate that the staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SE D), but not other bacterial superantigens, exhibits an ability to induce IgM, IgG, and especially RF production, in B cells from RA patients and normal individuals. Comparison with the polyclonal antibody production in B cell cultures driven by anti-CD3-stimulated T cell clones confirmed that SE D shifted the repertoire of secreted antibodies toward immunoglobulins with Fc binding specificity, suggesting that SE D preferentially stimulates RF+ B lymphocytes. B cells with the potential to secrete RF were highly frequent in RA patients, requiring as few as 150 peripheral B cells/culture to detect RF in the culture supernatants. SE D-induced RF synthesis was strictly dependent on the presence of selected CD4+T helper cells and required a direct membrane contact between B cells and T helper cells. Here, we propose a model that SE D selectively induces RF production depending on the availability of SE D responsive T cells in the TCR repertoire of the responder.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- CD3 Complex
- CD5 Antigens
- Enterotoxins/immunology
- HLA-DR Antigens/analysis
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Rheumatoid Factor/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
Collapse
|
35
|
Hassler D, Zorn J, Zöller L, Neuss M, Weyand C, Goronzy J, Born IA, Preac-Mursic V. [Nodular panniculitis: a manifestation of Lyme borreliosis?]. DER HAUTARZT 1992; 43:134-8. [PMID: 1577601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi can induce various skin manifestations. The type of skin manifestation and the histopathological picture depend on the stage of infection and vary from local inflammatory infiltrates to chronic atrophic skin disease. Involvement of subcutaneous tissue has been observed only very rarely. We report on two patients suffering from nodular panniculitis (Pfeifer-Weber-Christian) and present evidence that the disease was caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. In one of the cases Borrelia burgdorferi was repeatedly isolated from skin and subcutaneous tissue biopsies in spite of repeated high-dose therapy with ceftriaxone, Doxycycline and cefotaxime.
Collapse
|
36
|
Goronzy J, Weyand C, Quan J, Fathman CG, O'Hanley P. Enhanced cell-mediated protection against fatal Escherichia coli septicemia induced by treatment with recombinant IL-2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1989. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.142.4.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Administration of rIL-2 to BALB/c mice induces a rapid, cell-mediated response that is sufficient to protect mice from a lethal i.p. dose of Escherichia coli. Mice were protected from septic death if IL-2 was administered i.p. within 1 h after the bacterial challenge. Optimal protection was provided by treating the lethally challenged mice with rIL-2 at 1 and 5 h or 1, 5, and 10 h after the bacterial challenge and was dose-dependent (greater than or equal to 5.0 x 10(5) U/kg). Furthermore, treatment of mice with anti-IL-2R antibody abolished the protective effect induced by rIL-2 administration. These data suggest that the rIL-2-induced protection against septic death in mice is mediated by a cell type expressing a functional IL-2R. One potentially important therapeutic application of rIL-2 may be to modulate the course of sepsis once the host has been exposed to potentially lethal microbial pathogens.
Collapse
|
37
|
Goronzy J, Weyand C, Quan J, Fathman CG, O'Hanley P. Enhanced cell-mediated protection against fatal Escherichia coli septicemia induced by treatment with recombinant IL-2. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1989; 142:1134-8. [PMID: 2644349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Administration of rIL-2 to BALB/c mice induces a rapid, cell-mediated response that is sufficient to protect mice from a lethal i.p. dose of Escherichia coli. Mice were protected from septic death if IL-2 was administered i.p. within 1 h after the bacterial challenge. Optimal protection was provided by treating the lethally challenged mice with rIL-2 at 1 and 5 h or 1, 5, and 10 h after the bacterial challenge and was dose-dependent (greater than or equal to 5.0 x 10(5) U/kg). Furthermore, treatment of mice with anti-IL-2R antibody abolished the protective effect induced by rIL-2 administration. These data suggest that the rIL-2-induced protection against septic death in mice is mediated by a cell type expressing a functional IL-2R. One potentially important therapeutic application of rIL-2 may be to modulate the course of sepsis once the host has been exposed to potentially lethal microbial pathogens.
Collapse
|
38
|
Weyand C, Goronzy J, Fathman CG, O'Hanley P. Administration in vivo of recombinant interleukin 2 protects mice against septic death. J Clin Invest 1987; 79:1756-63. [PMID: 3294901 PMCID: PMC424518 DOI: 10.1172/jci113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration in vivo of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) to mice induces a polyclonal IgM response. When co-administered with a specific antigen, rIL-2 can enhance concentrations of murine IgM antibodies specific for the antigen by fivefold within 7 d of initial treatment. IgM antibodies that are induced after injection of rIL-2 include antibodies specific for J5, a cell wall core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen that is shared by the different members of the Enterobactericeae family. We report here that mice pretreated with rIL-2 or immunized with J5 antigen 7 d before bacterial challenge were protected from septic death that is caused by intraperitoneal challenges with Escherichia coli. Optimal protection was provided by a combined J5 antigen and rIL-2 treatment. Acquisition of the rIL-2 and J5 antigen-induced protection against lethal bacterial infection coincided temporally with maximal serum IgM titers that also contained IgM antibodies specific for the J5 antigen. In passive immunization experiments, the affinity-purified IgM fraction in sera of rIL-2-treated animals was identified as necessary and sufficient for protection. The IgM-depleted serum had no protective effect. The nonspecific augmentation of host-defense mechanisms without the induction of endotoxin manifestations makes rIL-2 a potential candidate to any alternative LPS-containing vaccines for the prevention of bacterial infections by gram-negative organisms since the core LPS antigen is shared among gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
|
39
|
Goronzy J, Weyand C, Imboden J, Manger B, Fathman CG. Heterogeneity of signal requirements in T cell activation within a panel of human proliferative T cell clones. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1987; 138:3087-93. [PMID: 3106471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of T lymphocytes is initiated by receptor ligand interactions at the cell surface leading to the transduction of intracellular signals followed by the de novo synthesis and expression of T cell activation markers (including receptors for interleukin 2 (IL 2) and transferrin), production of lymphokines, and T cell proliferation. This requisite first step for activation of T lymphocytes can be mimicked in certain situations with a variety of stimuli. These include antibodies to certain integral membrane proteins, phorbol esters, and plant lectins that act as mitogens. In this paper, we report that at least two classes of human T cell clones can be distinguished based upon signal requirements necessary to induce proliferation. Although all clones analyzed expressed IL 2 receptors and secreted IL 2 after non-antigenic activation, one subset of clones did not proliferate in response to the same non-antigenic signals. In that subset, complete activation leading to proliferation required interaction of the T cell with specific antigen. The ability to subset these T cell clones into two groups did not correlate with phenotypic differences, source of the clone, nor with magnitude of intracellular calcium mobilization. By studying the stimulation requirements of these two subsets of human T cell clones through the use of specific antigen or antigen-independent stimuli, it was possible to demonstrate that different stimuli varied in their ability to induce steps of T cell activation. Analysis of reactivity of these clones to suboptimal stimulation allowed the definition of intermediate stages of T cell activation. Such intermediate stages might reflect a diversity of intracellular signaling pathways or a complexity of regulatory mechanisms distal to the events that allow intracellular calcium mobilization. Thus for the first time, it has been possible to study ordered events of T cell activation in non-transformed, antigen-dependent human T lymphocytes. The data presented in this paper suggest that T cell activation is not an all or nothing phenomenon, and there is an ordered sequence of events that can be differentiated based upon signal requirements at the T cell membrane.
Collapse
|
40
|
Goronzy J, Weyand C, Imboden J, Manger B, Fathman CG. Heterogeneity of signal requirements in T cell activation within a panel of human proliferative T cell clones. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1987. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.138.10.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Activation of T lymphocytes is initiated by receptor ligand interactions at the cell surface leading to the transduction of intracellular signals followed by the de novo synthesis and expression of T cell activation markers (including receptors for interleukin 2 (IL 2) and transferrin), production of lymphokines, and T cell proliferation. This requisite first step for activation of T lymphocytes can be mimicked in certain situations with a variety of stimuli. These include antibodies to certain integral membrane proteins, phorbol esters, and plant lectins that act as mitogens. In this paper, we report that at least two classes of human T cell clones can be distinguished based upon signal requirements necessary to induce proliferation. Although all clones analyzed expressed IL 2 receptors and secreted IL 2 after non-antigenic activation, one subset of clones did not proliferate in response to the same non-antigenic signals. In that subset, complete activation leading to proliferation required interaction of the T cell with specific antigen. The ability to subset these T cell clones into two groups did not correlate with phenotypic differences, source of the clone, nor with magnitude of intracellular calcium mobilization. By studying the stimulation requirements of these two subsets of human T cell clones through the use of specific antigen or antigen-independent stimuli, it was possible to demonstrate that different stimuli varied in their ability to induce steps of T cell activation. Analysis of reactivity of these clones to suboptimal stimulation allowed the definition of intermediate stages of T cell activation. Such intermediate stages might reflect a diversity of intracellular signaling pathways or a complexity of regulatory mechanisms distal to the events that allow intracellular calcium mobilization. Thus for the first time, it has been possible to study ordered events of T cell activation in non-transformed, antigen-dependent human T lymphocytes. The data presented in this paper suggest that T cell activation is not an all or nothing phenomenon, and there is an ordered sequence of events that can be differentiated based upon signal requirements at the T cell membrane.
Collapse
|
41
|
Imboden J, Weyand C, Goronzy J. Antigen recognition by a human T cell clone leads to increases in inositol trisphosphate. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1987. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.138.5.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
42
|
Imboden J, Weyand C, Goronzy J. Antigen recognition by a human T cell clone leads to increases in inositol trisphosphate. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1987; 138:1322-4. [PMID: 3492548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
43
|
|
44
|
Weyand C, Goronzy J, Fathman CG. Human T cell clones as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutic reagents. Immunol Invest 1986; 15:591-624. [PMID: 2433217 DOI: 10.3109/08820138609048906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
45
|
Fathman CG, Goronzy J, Weyand C. Gene conversion. A mechanism to explain HLA-D region and disease association. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1986; 475:24-31. [PMID: 2431644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb20853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In speculating about mechanisms that might give rise to T-cell epitopes appearing within different HLA-DR frameworks, we return to the hypothesis expressed above that suggests that gene-conversion-like events might be involved in shuffling the hypervariable segments of HLA-D region exons into alternative HLA-D region frameworks where they will still be recognized by the T cell (but not typed by conventional serology or mixed lymphocyte typing) as the "disease associated" HLA product. This might well explain the lack of stringent association between rheumatoid arthritis and HLA-DR4. It is possible, through the use of such alloreactive T-cell clones, that we might eventually define subgroups based upon presumed genetic susceptibility markers, which might allow therapeutic or prognostic assignment of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Manger B, Weiss A, Weyand C, Goronzy J, Stobo JD. T cell activation: differences in the signals required for IL 2 production by nonactivated and activated T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1985. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Soluble antibodies against the T3/antigen receptor complex alone are not sufficient to induce proliferation and interleukin 2 expression by T lymphocytes. An additional requirement is the presence of accessory cells (AC). In this model, AC provide at least two functions required for T cell activation: 1) the surface interaction of T3 antibodies with Fc receptors on the AC surface and 2) the production of soluble mediators such as interleukin 1 (IL 1). In the experiments reported here, these stimuli are represented by T3 antibodies immobilized onto Sepharose beads and by recombinant IL 1. In this study we investigated differences in activation requirements in resting and activated T cells. Resting T cells were represented by AC-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or the T cell line Jurkat, which phenotypically resembles a resting T cell. Activated T cells were represented by T cell clones and the T cell line HUT 78, which express the activation molecules Ia and the IL 2 receptor (Tac). In resting cells, activation required the presence of three different signals: perturbation of the T3/antigen receptor complex by T3 antibodies, surface redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes, and presence of IL 1. In contrast, activated T cells require only perturbation and redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes and not IL 1 for the induction of proliferation or IL 2 production. Possible mechanisms of intracellular signaling for these stimuli are discussed.
Collapse
|
47
|
Manger B, Weiss A, Weyand C, Goronzy J, Stobo JD. T cell activation: differences in the signals required for IL 2 production by nonactivated and activated T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1985; 135:3669-73. [PMID: 3934263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Soluble antibodies against the T3/antigen receptor complex alone are not sufficient to induce proliferation and interleukin 2 expression by T lymphocytes. An additional requirement is the presence of accessory cells (AC). In this model, AC provide at least two functions required for T cell activation: 1) the surface interaction of T3 antibodies with Fc receptors on the AC surface and 2) the production of soluble mediators such as interleukin 1 (IL 1). In the experiments reported here, these stimuli are represented by T3 antibodies immobilized onto Sepharose beads and by recombinant IL 1. In this study we investigated differences in activation requirements in resting and activated T cells. Resting T cells were represented by AC-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or the T cell line Jurkat, which phenotypically resembles a resting T cell. Activated T cells were represented by T cell clones and the T cell line HUT 78, which express the activation molecules Ia and the IL 2 receptor (Tac). In resting cells, activation required the presence of three different signals: perturbation of the T3/antigen receptor complex by T3 antibodies, surface redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes, and presence of IL 1. In contrast, activated T cells require only perturbation and redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes and not IL 1 for the induction of proliferation or IL 2 production. Possible mechanisms of intracellular signaling for these stimuli are discussed.
Collapse
|
48
|
Navarro RF, Jalkanen ST, Hsu M, Søenderstrup-Hansen G, Goronzy J, Weyand C, Fathman CG, Clayberger C, Krensky AM, Butcher EC. Human T cell clones express functional homing receptors required for normal lymphocyte trafficking. J Exp Med 1985; 162:1075-80. [PMID: 3875680 PMCID: PMC2187804 DOI: 10.1084/jem.162.3.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To function efficiently in vivo, lymphocytes must circulate from the blood into lymphoid tissues and other sites of immune reaction. Herein, we show that human cytotoxic and helper T cell clones and lines, maintained in vitro with IL-2, express the functional capacity to recognize and bind to high endothelial venules (HEV), a capacity essential for lymphocyte exit from the blood, and hence for normal lymphocyte trafficking. The expression of functional homing receptors distinguishes human T cell clones from their murine counterparts, which uniformly lack receptors for HEV and are unable to migrate normally from the blood in vivo. The results raise the possibility that human T cell clones may be more effective in mediating in vivo immune responses than is suggested by murine models.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kaulhausen H, Weyand C. Evidence for two independent effects of oestradiol benzoate on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA 1982; 100:77-84. [PMID: 7051717 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract.
Plasma renin concentrations (PRC), plasma renin substrate concentration (PRS), plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentrations as well as plama renin activity (PRA) were measured in ovariectomized subjects after im administration of 10 mg oestradiol benzoate (EB).
The esterified oestrogen exerts two independent effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
1) 48 h after EB administration, PRS was significantly increased. Similar results were obtained for total plasma cortisol, reflecting transcortin concentration. In both cases, the increase was quantitatively related to the basal concentrations. These observations are consistent with the well known oestrogen-induced protein synthesis in the liver.
2) The elevation of PRC preceded that of PRS and was already significant 11 h after EB injection. The early rise in plasma renin activity was essentially caused by the increase in PRC, whereas an influence of the activated substrate synthesis was found later, between the 2nd and the 4th day post injection. The time course of plasma aldosterone concentration correlated well with the increased PRA.
The results provide evidence that EB has two different effects on the renin-aldosterone axis: an early one by elevating renin release and a delayed one by increasing renin substrate synthesis. Whereas the second mechanism can clearly be localized in the liver, extrarenal as well as direct renal effects of EB may be responsible for the renin stimulation.
Collapse
|
50
|
Weyand C, Goronzy J, Hämmerling GJ. Recognition of polymorphic H-2 domains by T lymphocytes. I. Functional role of different H-2 domains for the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and determination of precursor frequencies. J Exp Med 1981; 154:1717-31. [PMID: 6976406 PMCID: PMC2186552 DOI: 10.1084/jem.154.6.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present communication, the repertoire of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) clones was quantitatively investigated by limiting dilution analysis and by target inhibition with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). These mAb have previously been shown to define two distinct alloantigenic domains, A and B, on the H-2Kk molecule. The Poisson distribution analysis of H-2Kk-specific CTL clones generated in a limiting dilution system revealed three CTL populations with different precursor frequencies. The high frequent population is suppressed by an unknown suppressive mechanism that allows less frequent CTL populations to become visible. Target inhibition studies with a panel of Kk-specific mAb showed that these CTL populations differ not only in their precursor frequency but also in their specificity for different H-2 epitopes on the Kk molecule. Thus clones of the high frequency population are almost exclusively specific for determinants within domain A. In contrast, the low frequency population displays predominant specificity for determinants of domain B, while the population with medium frequency is blocked equally well by mAb against either domains A or B. Each mAb blocked only a fraction of clones indicating that each CTL subpopulation may consist of a large number of clonotypes with specificity for different H-2 epitopes. The data suggest that CTL recognize basically the same polymorphic domains on the H-2Kk molecule defined by antibodies, and they show that regulatory mechanisms determine the expressed repertoire in CTL populations.
Collapse
|