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Sevelsted A, Gürdeniz G, Rago D, Pedersen CET, Lasky-Su JA, Checa A, Zhang P, Wheelock CE, Normann SS, Kristensen DM, Rasmussen MA, Schullehner J, Sdougkou K, Martin JW, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Chawes B. Effect of perfluoroalkyl exposure in pregnancy and infancy on intrauterine and childhood growth and anthropometry. Sub study from COPSAC2010 birth cohort. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104236. [PMID: 36030647 PMCID: PMC9434040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances PFOS and PFOA are persistent and bioaccumulative exogenous chemicals in the human body with a range of suspected negative health effects. It is hypothesised that exposure during prenatal and early postnatal life might have particularly detrimental effects on intrauterine and childhood growth. In a Danish longitudinal mother-child cohort we investigate effect of PFOS and PFOA in pregnancy and infancy on intrauterine and childhood growth and anthropometry. METHODS COPSAC2010 is an ongoing population based mother-child cohort of 738 pregnant women and their children followed from 24 week gestation with longitudinal deep clinical phenotyping until age 10 years. In this observational cohort sub study plasma PFOS and PFOA concentrations were semi-quantified by untargeted metabolomics in the mothers at week 24 and 1 week postpartum and in the children at ages 6 and 18 months and calibrated using a targeted pipeline. We examined associations to intrauterine and childhood growth and anthropometry, including interactions with child sex. Untargeted and targeted blood metabolomics profiles were integrated to investigate underlying mechanisms. FINDINGS Pregnancy plasma PFOA concentrations were associated with lower birth size -0.19 [-0.33; -0.05] BMI z-score per 1-ng/mL and increased childhood height (z-scored) at age 6: 0.18 [0.05; 0.31], but there was no association between childs' own infancy plasma PFOA concentration and height. Pregnancy plasma PFOS concentrations were also associated with lower birth BMI (-0.04 [-0.08; -0.01]), but in childhood pregnancy plasma PFOS concentration interacted with child sex on BMI and fat percentage at 6 years with negative associations in girls and positive in boys. The effect of maternal plasma PFOS concentration on lower girl BMI was borderline mediated through increasing child plasma lactosyl-ceramide levels (p-mediation=0.08). Similarly the effect of maternal plasma PFOS concentration on higher boy fat percentage was borderline mediated through increasing child plasma lactosyl-ceramide levels (p-mediation=0.07). Infancy concentrations of plasma PFOS associated with lower height in childhood, -0.06 z-score at age 6 [-0.19; -0.03]. INTERPRETATION Higher PFOS and PFOA plasma concentrations during pregnancy had detrimental effects on fetal growth. The effects on childhood growth were not similar as PFOA increased child height, opposite of PFOS in multipollutant models suggesting a differing fetal programming effect. Sex specific growth effects were borderline mediated through an altered lactosyl-ceramide metabolism, proposing a possible mechanism of PFOS that has long-lasting health consequences in this observational study. FUNDING All funding received by COPSAC are listed on www.copsac.com. The Lundbeck Foundation (Grant no R16-A1694); The Novo Nordic Foundation (Grant nos NNF20OC0061029, NNF170C0025014, NNF180C0031764) The Ministry of Health (Grant no 903516); Danish Council for Strategic Research (Grant no 0603-00280B) and The Capital Region Research Foundation have provided core support to the COPSAC research center. Effort from JALS is supported by R01HL123915, R01HL141826, and R01HL155742 from NIH/NHLBI. CEW was supported by the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation (HLF 20180290, HLF 20200693). BC has received funding for this project from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 946228). The funding agencies did not have any role in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
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Ryu MH, Gómez C, Yuen ACY, Brook JR, Wheelock CE, Carlsten C. Urinary Eicosanoid Levels Reflect Allergen and Diesel Exhaust Coexposure and Are Linked to Impaired Lung Function. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7107-7118. [PMID: 35044166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are potent regulators of homeostasis and inflammation. Co-exposure to allergen and diesel exhaust (DE) have been shown to lead to eosinophilic inflammation, impaired airflow, and increased airway responsiveness. It is not clear whether eicosanoids mediate the mechanism by which these exposures impair lung function. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, and four-arm crossover study. Fourteen allergen-sensitized participants were exposed to four conditions: negative control; allergen-alone exposure; DE and allergen coexposure; coexposure with particle-reducing technology applied. Quantitative metabolic profiling of urinary eicosanoids was performed using LC-MS/MS. As expected, allergen inhalation increased eicosanoids. The prostacyclin metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α (PGF1α, prostaglandin F1α) increased with coexposure, but particle depletion suppressed this pathway. Individuals with a high genetic risk score demonstrated a greater increase in isoprostane metabolites following coexposure. Causal mediation analyses showed that allergen induced airflow impairment was mediated via leukotriene E4 and tetranor-prostaglandin D metabolite. Overall, DE exposure did not augment the allergen's effect on urinary eicosanoids, except insofar as variant genotypes conferred susceptibility to the addition of DE in terms of isoprostane metabolites. These findings will add to the body of previous controlled human exposure studies and provide greater insight into how complex environmental exposures in urban air may influence individuals with sensitivity to aeroallergens.
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Reinke SN, Chaleckis R, Wheelock CE. Metabolomics in pulmonary medicine - extracting the most from your data. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.00102-2022. [PMID: 35618271 PMCID: PMC9386331 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00102-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The metabolome enables unprecedented insight into biochemistry, providing an integrated signature of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and exposome. Measurement requires rigorous protocols combined with specialised data analysis to achieve its promise.https://bit.ly/3yPiYkQ
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Kachroo P, Stewart ID, Kelly RS, Stav M, Mendez K, Dahlin A, Soeteman DI, Chu SH, Huang M, Cote M, Knihtilä HM, Lee-Sarwar K, McGeachie M, Wang A, Wu AC, Virkud Y, Zhang P, Wareham NJ, Karlson EW, Wheelock CE, Clish C, Weiss ST, Langenberg C, Lasky-Su JA. Metabolomic profiling reveals extensive adrenal suppression due to inhaled corticosteroid therapy in asthma. Nat Med 2022; 28:814-822. [PMID: 35314841 PMCID: PMC9350737 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The application of large-scale metabolomic profiling provides new opportunities for realizing the potential of omics-based precision medicine for asthma. By leveraging data from over 14,000 individuals in four distinct cohorts, this study identifies and independently replicates 17 steroid metabolites whose levels were significantly reduced in individuals with prevalent asthma. Although steroid levels were reduced among all asthma cases regardless of medication use, the largest reductions were associated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment, as confirmed in a 4-year low-dose ICS clinical trial. Effects of ICS treatment on steroid levels were dose dependent; however, significant reductions also occurred with low-dose ICS treatment. Using information from electronic medical records, we found that cortisol levels were substantially reduced throughout the entire 24-hour daily period in patients with asthma who were treated with ICS compared to those who were untreated and to patients without asthma. Moreover, patients with asthma who were treated with ICS showed significant increases in fatigue and anemia as compared to those without ICS treatment. Adrenal suppression in patients with asthma treated with ICS might, therefore, represent a larger public health problem than previously recognized. Regular cortisol monitoring of patients with asthma treated with ICS is needed to provide the optimal balance between minimizing adverse effects of adrenal suppression while capitalizing on the established benefits of ICS treatment.
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Bohnacker S, Hartung F, Henkel F, Quaranta A, Kolmert J, Priller A, Ud-Dean M, Giglberger J, Kugler LM, Pechtold L, Yazici S, Lechner A, Erber J, Protzer U, Lingor P, Knolle P, Chaker AM, Schmidt-Weber CB, Wheelock CE, Esser-von Bieren J. Mild COVID-19 imprints a long-term inflammatory eicosanoid- and chemokine memory in monocyte-derived macrophages. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:515-524. [PMID: 35288643 PMCID: PMC9038526 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) drive the inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they are a major source of eicosanoids in airway inflammation. Here we report that MDM from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with mild disease show an inflammatory transcriptional and metabolic imprint that lasts for at least 5 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. MDM from convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals showed a downregulation of pro-resolving factors and an increased production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, particularly 5-lipoxygenase-derived leukotrienes. Leukotriene synthesis was further enhanced by glucocorticoids and remained elevated at 3–5 months, but had returned to baseline at 12 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or LPS triggered exaggerated prostanoid-, type I IFN-, and chemokine responses in post COVID-19 MDM. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves an inflammatory imprint in the monocyte/ macrophage compartment that drives aberrant macrophage effector functions and eicosanoid metabolism, resulting in long-term immune aberrations in patients recovering from mild COVID-19.
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Kelly RS, Mendez KM, Huang M, Hobbs BD, Clish CB, Gerszten R, Cho MH, Wheelock CE, McGeachie MJ, Chu SH, Celedón JC, Weiss ST, Lasky-Su J. Metabo-Endotypes of Asthma Reveal Differences in Lung Function: Discovery and Validation in Two TOPMed Cohorts. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:288-299. [PMID: 34767496 PMCID: PMC8886990 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202105-1268oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Current guidelines do not sufficiently capture the heterogeneous nature of asthma; a more detailed molecular classification is needed. Metabolomics represents a novel and compelling approach to derive asthma endotypes (i.e., subtypes defined by functional and/or pathobiological mechanisms). Objectives: To validate metabolomic-driven endotypes of asthma and explore their underlying biology. Methods: In the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS), untargeted metabolomic profiling, similarity network fusion, and spectral clustering was used to identify metabo-endotypes of asthma, and differences in asthma-relevant phenotypes across these metabo-endotypes were explored. The metabo-endotypes were recapitulated in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), and clinical differences were determined. Metabolomic drivers of metabo-endotype membership were investigated by meta-analyzing findings from GACRS and CAMP. Measurements and Main Results: Five metabo-endotypes were identified in GACRS with significant differences in asthma-relevant phenotypes, including prebronchodilator (p-ANOVA = 8.3 × 10-5) and postbronchodilator (p-ANOVA = 1.8 × 10-5) FEV1/FVC. These differences were validated in the recapitulated metabo-endotypes in CAMP. Cholesterol esters, trigylcerides, and fatty acids were among the most important drivers of metabo-endotype membership. The findings suggest dysregulation of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis may play a role in asthma severity. Conclusions: Clinically meaningful endotypes may be derived and validated using metabolomic data. Interrogating the drivers of these metabo-endotypes has the potential to help understand their pathophysiology.
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Badi YE, Pavel AB, Pavlidis S, Riley JH, Bates S, Kermani NZ, Knowles R, Kolmert J, Wheelock CE, Worsley S, Uddin M, Alving K, Bakke PS, Behndig A, Caruso M, Chanez P, Fleming LJ, Fowler SJ, Frey U, Howarth P, Horváth I, Krug N, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Montuschi P, Roberts G, Sanak M, Shaw DE, Singer F, Sterk PJ, Djukanovic R, Dahlen SE, Guo YK, Chung KF, Guttman-Yassky E, Adcock IM. Mapping atopic dermatitis and anti-IL-22 response signatures to type 2-low severe neutrophilic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:89-101. [PMID: 33891981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptomic changes in patients who respond clinically to biological therapies may identify responses in other tissues or diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether a disease signature identified in atopic dermatitis (AD) is seen in adults with severe asthma and whether a transcriptomic signature for patients with AD who respond clinically to anti-IL-22 (fezakinumab [FZ]) is enriched in severe asthma. METHODS An AD disease signature was obtained from analysis of differentially expressed genes between AD lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies. Differentially expressed genes from lesional skin from therapeutic superresponders before and after 12 weeks of FZ treatment defined the FZ-response signature. Gene set variation analysis was used to produce enrichment scores of AD and FZ-response signatures in the Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes asthma cohort. RESULTS The AD disease signature (112 upregulated genes) encompassing inflammatory, T-cell, TH2, and TH17/TH22 pathways was enriched in the blood and sputum of patients with asthma with increasing severity. Patients with asthma with sputum neutrophilia and mixed granulocyte phenotypes were the most enriched (P < .05). The FZ-response signature (296 downregulated genes) was enriched in asthmatic blood (P < .05) and particularly in neutrophilic and mixed granulocytic sputum (P < .05). These data were confirmed in sputum of the Airway Disease Endotyping for Personalized Therapeutics cohort. IL-22 mRNA across tissues did not correlate with FZ-response enrichment scores, but this response signature correlated with TH22/IL-22 pathways. CONCLUSIONS The FZ-response signature in AD identifies severe neutrophilic asthmatic patients as potential responders to FZ therapy. This approach will help identify patients for future asthma clinical trials of drugs used successfully in other chronic diseases.
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Kuo A, Checa A, Niaudet C, Jung B, Fu Z, Wheelock CE, Singh SA, Aikawa M, Smith LE, Proia RL, Hla T. Murine endothelial serine palmitoyltransferase 1 (SPTLC1) is required for vascular development and systemic sphingolipid homeostasis. eLife 2022; 11:78861. [PMID: 36197001 PMCID: PMC9578713 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids (SL), is needed for embryonic development, physiological homeostasis, and response to stress. The functions of de novo SL synthesis in vascular endothelial cells (EC), which line the entire circulatory system, are not well understood. Here, we show that the de novo SL synthesis in EC not only regulates vascular development but also maintains circulatory and peripheral organ SL levels. Mice with an endothelial-specific gene knockout of SPTLC1 (Sptlc1 ECKO), an essential subunit of the SPT complex, exhibited reduced EC proliferation and tip/stalk cell differentiation, resulting in delayed retinal vascular development. In addition, Sptlc1 ECKO mice had reduced retinal neovascularization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Mechanistic studies suggest that EC SL produced from the de novo pathway are needed for lipid raft formation and efficient VEGF signaling. Post-natal deletion of the EC Sptlc1 also showed rapid reduction of several SL metabolites in plasma, red blood cells, and peripheral organs (lung and liver) but not in the retina, part of the central nervous system (CNS). In the liver, EC de novo SL synthesis was important for acetaminophen-induced rapid ceramide elevation and hepatotoxicity. These results suggest that EC-derived SL metabolites are in constant flux between the vasculature, circulatory elements, and parenchymal cells of non-CNS organs. Taken together, our data point to the central role of the endothelial SL biosynthesis in maintaining vascular development, neovascular proliferation, non-CNS tissue metabolic homeostasis, and hepatocyte response to stress.
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Vaittinen M, Lankinen MA, Käkelä P, Ågren J, Wheelock CE, Laakso M, Schwab U, Pihlajamäki J. The FADS1 genotypes modify the effect of linoleic acid-enriched diet on adipose tissue inflammation via pro-inflammatory eicosanoid metabolism. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3707-3718. [PMID: 35701670 PMCID: PMC9464166 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) variants associate with fatty acid (FA) and adipose tissue (AT) metabolism and inflammation. Thus, the role of FADS1 variants in the regulation of dietary linoleic acid (LA)-induced effects on AT inflammation was investigated. METHODS Subjects homozygotes for the TT and CC genotypes of the FADS1-rs174550 (TT, n = 25 and CC, n = 28) or -rs174547 (TT, n = 42 and CC, n = 28), were either recruited from the METabolic Syndrome In Men cohort to participate in an intervention with LA-enriched diet (FADSDIET) or from the Kuopio Obesity Surgery (KOBS) study. GC and LC-MS for plasma FA proportions and eicosanoid concentrations and AT gene expression for AT inflammatory score (AT-InSc) was determined. RESULTS We observed a diet-genotype interaction between LA-enriched diet and AT-InSc in the FADSDIET. In the KOBS study, interleukin (IL)1 beta mRNA expression in AT was increased in subjects with the TT genotype and highest LA proportion. In the FADSDIET, n-6/LA proportions correlated positively with AT-InSc in those with the TT genotype but not with the CC genotype after LA-enriched diet. Specifically, LA- and AA-derived pro-inflammatory eicosanoids related to CYP450/sEH-pathways correlated positively with AT-InSc in those with the TT genotype, whereas in those with the CC genotype, the negative correlations between pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and AT-InSc related to COX/LOX-pathways. CONCLUSIONS LA-enriched diet increases inflammatory AT gene expression in subjects with the TT genotype, while CC genotype could play a protective role against LA-induced AT inflammation. Overall, the FADS1 variant could modify the dietary LA-induced effects on AT inflammation through the differential biosynthesis of AA-derived eicosanoids.
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Reinke SN, Naz S, Chaleckis R, Gallart-Ayala H, Kolmert J, Kermani NZ, Tiotiu A, Broadhurst DI, Lundqvist A, Olsson H, Ström M, Wheelock ÅM, Gómez C, Ericsson M, Sousa AR, Riley JH, Bates S, Scholfield J, Loza M, Baribaud F, Bakke PS, Caruso M, Chanez P, Fowler SJ, Geiser T, Howarth P, Horváth I, Krug N, Montuschi P, Behndig A, Singer F, Musial J, Shaw DE, Dahlén B, Hu S, Lasky-Su J, Sterk PJ, Chung KF, Djukanovic R, Dahlén SE, Adcock IM, Wheelock CE. Urinary metabotype of severe asthma evidences decreased carnitine metabolism independent of oral corticosteroid treatment in the U-BIOPRED study. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01733-2021. [PMID: 34824054 PMCID: PMC9245194 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01733-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with poorly defined phenotypes. Severe asthmatics often receive multiple treatments including oral corticosteroids (OCS). Treatment may modify the observed metabotype, rendering it challenging to investigate underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we aimed to identify dysregulated metabolic processes in relation to asthma severity and medication. METHODS Baseline urine was collected prospectively from healthy participants (n=100), mild-to-moderate asthmatics (n=87) and severe asthmatics (n=418) in the cross-sectional U-BIOPRED cohort; 12-18-month longitudinal samples were collected from severe asthmatics (n=305). Metabolomics data were acquired using high-resolution mass spectrometry and analysed using univariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS Ninety metabolites were identified, with 40 significantly altered (p<0.05, FDR<0.05) in severe asthma and 23 by OCS use. Multivariate modelling showed that observed metabotypes in healthy participants and mild-to-moderate asthmatics differed significantly from severe asthmatics (p=2.6×10-20), OCS-treated asthmatics differed significantly from non-treated (p=9.5×10-4), and longitudinal metabotypes demonstrated temporal stability. Carnitine levels evidenced the strongest OCS-independent decrease in severe asthma. Reduced carnitine levels were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction via decreases in pathway enrichment scores of fatty acid metabolism and reduced expression of the carnitine transporter SLC22A5 in sputum and bronchial brushings. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large-scale study to delineate disease- and OCS-associated metabolic differences in asthma. The widespread associations with different therapies upon the observed metabotypes demonstrate the necessity to evaluate potential modulating effects on a treatment- and metabolite-specific basis. Altered carnitine metabolism is a potentially actionable therapeutic target that is independent of OCS treatment, highlighting the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in severe asthma.
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Tiotiu A, Badi Y, Kermani NZ, Sanak M, Kolmert J, Wheelock CE, Hansbro PM, Dahlén SE, Sterk PJ, Djukanovic R, Guo Y, Mumby S, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Association of Differential Mast Cell Activation to Granulocytic Inflammation in Severe Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 205:397-411. [PMID: 34813381 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202102-0355oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MC) play a role in inflammation and both innate and adaptive immunity but their involvement in severe asthma (SA) remains undefined. OBJECTIVE We investigated the phenotypic characteristics of the U-BIOPRED asthma cohort by applying published MC activation signatures to the sputum cell transcriptome. METHODS 84 SA, 20 mild/moderate (MMA) asthma, and 16 non-asthmatic healthy participants were studied. We calculated enrichment scores (ES) for nine MC activation signatures by asthma severity, sputum granulocyte status and three previously-defined sputum molecular phenotypes or transcriptome-associated clusters (TAC1, 2, 3) using gene-set variation analysis. RESULTS MC signatures except unstimulated, repeated FcεR1-stimulated and IFNγ-stimulated were enriched in SA. A FcεR1-IgE-stimulated and a single cell signature from asthmatic bronchial biopsies were highly enriched in eosinophilic asthma and in the TAC1 molecular phenotype. Subjects with a high ES for these signatures had elevated sputum levels of similar genes and pathways. IL-33- and LPS-stimulated MC signatures had greater ES in neutrophilic and mixed granulocytic asthma and in the TAC2 molecular phenotype. These subjects exhibited neutrophil, NF-κB, and IL-1β/TNFα pathway activation. The IFNγ-stimulated signature had the greatest ES in TAC2 and TAC3 that was associated with responses to viral infection. Similar results were obtained in an independent ADEPT asthma cohort. CONCLUSIONS Gene signatures of MC activation allow the detection of SA phenotypes and indicate that MC can be induced to take on distinct transcriptional phenotypes associated with specific clinical phenotypes. IL-33-stimulated MCs signature was associated with severe neutrophilic asthma while IgE-activated MC with an eosinophilic phenotype.
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Mikus MS, Kolmert J, Andersson LI, Östling J, Knowles RG, Gómez C, Ericsson M, Thörngren JO, Khoonsari PE, Dahlén B, Kupczyk M, De Meulder B, Auffray C, Bakke PS, Beghe B, Bel EH, Caruso M, Chanez P, Chawes B, Fowler SJ, Gaga M, Geiser T, Gjomarkaj M, Horváth I, Howarth PH, Johnston SL, Joos G, Krug N, Montuschi P, Musial J, Niżankowska-Mogilnicka E, Olsson HK, Papi A, Rabe KF, Sandström T, Shaw DE, Siafakas NM, Uhlen M, Riley JH, Bates S, Middelveld RJM, Wheelock CE, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Sterk PJ, Djukanovic R, Nilsson P, Dahlén SE, James A. Plasma proteins elevated in severe asthma despite oral steroid use and unrelated to Type-2 inflammation. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.00142-2021. [PMID: 34737220 PMCID: PMC8850689 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00142-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rationale Asthma phenotyping requires novel biomarker discovery. Objectives To identify plasma biomarkers associated with asthma phenotypes by application of a new proteomic panel to samples from two well-characterised cohorts of severe (SA) and mild-to-moderate (MMA) asthmatics, COPD subjects and healthy controls (HCs). Methods An antibody-based array targeting 177 proteins predominantly involved in pathways relevant to inflammation, lipid metabolism, signal transduction and extracellular matrix was applied to plasma from 525 asthmatics and HCs in the U-BIOPRED cohort, and 142 subjects with asthma and COPD from the validation cohort BIOAIR. Effects of oral corticosteroids (OCS) were determined by a 2-week, placebo-controlled OCS trial in BIOAIR, and confirmed by relation to objective OCS measures in U-BIOPRED. Results In U-BIOPRED, 110 proteins were significantly different, mostly elevated, in SA compared to MMA and HCs. 10 proteins were elevated in SA versus MMA in both U-BIOPRED and BIOAIR (alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, apolipoprotein-E, complement component 9, complement factor I, macrophage inflammatory protein-3, interleukin-6, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, TNF receptor superfamily member 11a, transforming growth factor-β and glutathione S-transferase). OCS treatment decreased most proteins, yet differences between SA and MMA remained following correction for OCS use. Consensus clustering of U-BIOPRED protein data yielded six clusters associated with asthma control, quality of life, blood neutrophils, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and body mass index, but not Type-2 inflammatory biomarkers. The mast cell specific enzyme carboxypeptidase A3 was one major contributor to cluster differentiation. Conclusions The plasma proteomic panel revealed previously unexplored yet potentially useful Type-2-independent biomarkers and validated several proteins with established involvement in the pathophysiology of SA. Application of new proteomic panel in two established European asthma cohorts identifies plasma proteins associated with disease severity independently of Type-2 inflammation, suggesting potentially useful novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.https://bit.ly/3jtTq5m
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Zhang P, Carlsten C, Chaleckis R, Hanhineva K, Huang M, Isobe T, Koistinen VM, Meister I, Papazian S, Sdougkou K, Xie H, Martin JW, Rappaport SM, Tsugawa H, Walker DI, Woodruff TJ, Wright RO, Wheelock CE. Defining the Scope of Exposome Studies and Research Needs from a Multidisciplinary Perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2021; 8:839-852. [PMID: 34660833 PMCID: PMC8515788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the exposome was introduced over 15 years ago to reflect the important role that the environment exerts on health and disease. While originally viewed as a call-to-arms to develop more comprehensive exposure assessment methods applicable at the individual level and throughout the life course, the scope of the exposome has now expanded to include the associated biological response. In order to explore these concepts, a workshop was hosted by the Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR, Japan) to discuss the scope of exposomics from an international and multidisciplinary perspective. This Global Perspective is a summary of the discussions with emphasis on (1) top-down, bottom-up, and functional approaches to exposomics, (2) the need for integration and standardization of LC- and GC-based high-resolution mass spectrometry methods for untargeted exposome analyses, (3) the design of an exposomics study, (4) the requirement for open science workflows including mass spectral libraries and public databases, (5) the necessity for large investments in mass spectrometry infrastructure in order to sequence the exposome, and (6) the role of the exposome in precision medicine and nutrition to create personalized environmental exposure profiles. Recommendations are made on key issues to encourage continued advancement and cooperation in exposomics.
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Edgar L, Akbar N, Braithwaite AT, Krausgruber T, Gallart-Ayala H, Bailey J, Corbin AL, Khoyratty TE, Chai JT, Alkhalil M, Rendeiro AF, Ziberna K, Arya R, Cahill TJ, Bock C, Laurencikiene J, Crabtree MJ, Lemieux ME, Riksen NP, Netea MG, Wheelock CE, Channon KM, Rydén M, Udalova IA, Carnicer R, Choudhury RP. Hyperglycemia Induces Trained Immunity in Macrophages and Their Precursors and Promotes Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2021; 144:961-982. [PMID: 34255973 PMCID: PMC8448412 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk in diabetes remains elevated despite glucose-lowering therapies. We hypothesized that hyperglycemia induces trained immunity in macrophages, promoting persistent proatherogenic characteristics. METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages from control mice and mice with diabetes were grown in physiological glucose (5 mmol/L) and subjected to RNA sequencing (n=6), assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (n=6), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (n=6) for determination of hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity. Bone marrow transplantation from mice with (n=9) or without (n=6) diabetes into (normoglycemic) Ldlr-/- mice was used to assess its functional significance in vivo. Evidence of hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity was sought in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with diabetes (n=8) compared with control subjects (n=16) and in human atherosclerotic plaque macrophages excised by laser capture microdissection. RESULTS In macrophages, high extracellular glucose promoted proinflammatory gene expression and proatherogenic functional characteristics through glycolysis-dependent mechanisms. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from diabetic mice retained these characteristics, even when cultured in physiological glucose, indicating hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity. Bone marrow transplantation from diabetic mice into (normoglycemic) Ldlr-/- mice increased aortic root atherosclerosis, confirming a disease-relevant and persistent form of trained innate immunity. Integrated assay for transposase accessible chromatin, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and RNA sequencing analyses of hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed a proinflammatory priming effect in diabetes. The pattern of open chromatin implicated transcription factor Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1). Similarly, transcriptomes of atherosclerotic plaque macrophages and peripheral leukocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes were enriched for Runx1 targets, consistent with a potential role in human disease. Pharmacological inhibition of Runx1 in vitro inhibited the trained phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity may explain why targeting elevated glucose is ineffective in reducing macrovascular risk in diabetes and suggests new targets for disease prevention and therapy.
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Chung MK, Rappaport SM, Wheelock CE, Nguyen VK, van der Meer TP, Miller GW, Vermeulen R, Patel CJ. Utilizing a Biology-Driven Approach to Map the Exposome in Health and Disease: An Essential Investment to Drive the Next Generation of Environmental Discovery. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:85001. [PMID: 34435882 PMCID: PMC8388254 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent developments in technologies have offered opportunities to measure the exposome with unprecedented accuracy and scale. However, because most investigations have targeted only a few exposures at a time, it is hypothesized that the majority of the environmental determinants of chronic diseases remain unknown. OBJECTIVES We describe a functional exposome concept and explain how it can leverage existing bioassays and high-resolution mass spectrometry for exploratory study. We discuss how such an approach can address well-known barriers to interpret exposures and present a vision of next-generation exposomics. DISCUSSION The exposome is vast. Instead of trying to capture all exposures, we can reduce the complexity by measuring the functional exposome-the totality of the biologically active exposures relevant to disease development-through coupling biochemical receptor-binding assays with affinity purification-mass spectrometry. We claim the idea of capturing exposures with functional biomolecules opens new opportunities to solve critical problems in exposomics, including low-dose detection, unknown annotations, and complex mixtures of exposures. Although novel, biology-based measurement can make use of the existing data processing and bioinformatics pipelines. The functional exposome concept also complements conventional targeted and untargeted approaches for understanding exposure-disease relationships. CONCLUSIONS Although measurement technology has advanced, critical technological, analytical, and inferential barriers impede the detection of many environmental exposures relevant to chronic-disease etiology. Through biology-driven exposomics, it is possible to simultaneously scale up discovery of these causal environmental factors. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8327.
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Kolmert J, Dahlén SE, Wheelock CE. Reply to Thomson: Exposure to Active and Passive Tobacco Smoke on Urinary Eicosanoid Metabolites in Type 2 Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1204-1205. [PMID: 33621476 PMCID: PMC8314909 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202101-0208le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abdalkader R, Chaleckis R, Meister I, Zhang P, Wheelock CE, Kamei KI. Untargeted LC-MS Metabolomics for the Analysis of Micro-scaled Extracellular Metabolites from Hepatocytes. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1049-1052. [PMID: 33342928 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20n032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolome analysis in micro physiological models is a challenge due to the low volume of the cell culture medium (CCM). Here, we report a LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics protocol for the detection of hepatocyte extracellular metabolites from micro-scale samples of CCM. Using a single LC-MS method we have detected 57 metabolites of which 27 showed >2-fold shifts after 72-hour incubation. We demonstrate that micro-scale CCM samples can be used for modelling micro-physiological temporal dynamics in metabolite intensities.
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Liu J, Kolmert J, Säfholm J, Johnsson A, Zurita J, Wheelock CE, Dahlén S, Nilsson G, Adner M. Distinct effects of antigen and compound 48/80 in the guinea pig trachea. Allergy 2021; 76:2270-2273. [PMID: 33619732 DOI: 10.1111/all.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Säfholm J, Abma W, Liu J, Balgoma D, Fauland A, Kolmert J, Wheelock CE, Adner M, Dahlén SE. Prostaglandin D 2 inhibits mediator release and antigen induced bronchoconstriction in the Guinea pig trachea by activation of DP 1 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174282. [PMID: 34175307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition increases antigen-induced responses in airways remains unknown. Male albino guinea pigs were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA). Intact rings of the trachea were isolated and mounted in organ baths for either force measurements or lipid mediator release analysis by UPLC-MS/MS or EIA following relevant pharmacological interventions. First, challenge with OVA increased the release of all primary prostanoids (prostaglandin (PG) D2/E2/F2α/I2 and thromboxanes). This release was eliminated by unselective COX inhibition (indomethacin) whereas selective inhibition of COX-2 (lumiracoxib) did not inhibit release of PGD2 or thromboxanes. Additionally, the increased levels of leukotriene B4 and E4 after OVA were further amplified by unselective COX inhibition. Second, unselective inhibition of COX and selective inhibition of the prostaglandin D synthase (2-Phenyl-Pyrimidine-5-Carboxylic Acid (2,3-dihydro-indol-1-yl)-amide) amplified the antigen-induced bronchoconstriction which was reversed by exogenous PGD2. Third, a DP1 receptor agonist (BW 245c) concentration-dependently reduced the antigen-induced constriction as well as reducing released histamine and cysteinyl-leukotrienes, a response inhibited by the DP1 receptor antagonist (MK-524). In contrast, a DP2 receptor agonist (15(R)-15-methyl PGD2) failed to modulate the OVA-induced constriction. In the guinea pig trachea, endogenous PGD2 is generated via COX-1 and mediates an inhibitory effect of the antigen-induced bronchoconstriction via DP1 receptors inhibiting mast cell release of bronchoconstrictive mediators. Removal of this protective function by COX-inhibition results in increased release of mast cell mediators and enhanced bronchoconstriction.
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Alhamdow A, Zettergren A, Kull I, Hallberg J, Andersson N, Ekström S, Berglund M, Wheelock CE, Essig YJ, Krais AM, Georgelis A, Lindh CH, Melén E, Bergström A. Low-level exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with reduced lung function among Swedish young adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111169. [PMID: 33857464 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been linked to adverse pulmonary effects. However, the impact of low-level environmental PAH exposure on lung function in early adulthood remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations between urinary PAH metabolites and lung function parameters in young adults. METHODS Urinary metabolites of pyrene, phenanthrene, and fluorene were analysed in 1000 young adults from Sweden (age 22-25 years) using LC-MS/MS. Lung function and eosinophilic airway inflammation were measured by spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO), respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between PAH metabolites and the outcomes. RESULTS Median urinary concentrations of 1-OH-pyrene, ∑OH-phenanthrene, and ∑OH-fluorene were 0.066, 0.36, 0.22 μg/L, respectively. We found inverse associations of ∑OH-phenanthrene and ∑OH-fluorene with FEV1 and FVC, as well as between 1-OH-pyrene and FEV1/FVC ratio (adjusted P < 0.05; all participants). An increase of 1% in ∑OH-fluorene was associated with a decrease of 73 mL in FEV1 and 59 mL in FVC. In addition, ∑OH-phenanthrene concentrations were, in a dose-response manner, inversely associated with FEV1 (B from -109 to -48 compared with the lowest quartile of ∑OH-phenanthrene; p trend 0.004) and FVC (B from -159 to -102 compared with lowest quartile; p-trend <0.001). Similar dose-response associations were also observed between ∑OH-fluorene and FEV1 and FVC, as well as between 1-OH-pyrene and FEV1/FVC (p-trend <0.05). There was no association between PAH exposure and FeNO, nor was there an interaction with smoking, sex, or asthma. CONCLUSION Low-level PAH exposure was, in a dose-response manner, associated with reduced lung function in young adults. Our findings have public health implications due to i) the widespread occurrence of PAHs in the environment and ii) the clinical relevance of lung function in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality.
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Villaseñor A, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Moreira A, Wheelock CE, Escribese MM. Metabolomics in the Identification of Biomarkers of Asthma. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060346. [PMID: 34072459 PMCID: PMC8227545 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a major non-communicable disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing [...].
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Akawi N, Checa A, Antonopoulos AS, Akoumianakis I, Daskalaki E, Kotanidis CP, Kondo H, Lee K, Yesilyurt D, Badi I, Polkinghorne M, Akbar N, Lundgren J, Chuaiphichai S, Choudhury R, Neubauer S, Channon KM, Torekov SS, Wheelock CE, Antoniades C. Fat-Secreted Ceramides Regulate Vascular Redox State and Influence Outcomes in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:2494-2513. [PMID: 34016263 PMCID: PMC8141611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk; however, the potential role of dysregulations in the adipose tissue (AT) metabolome is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the role of dysregulation in the AT metabolome on vascular redox signaling and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS A screen was conducted for metabolites differentially secreted by thoracic AT (ThAT) and subcutaneous AT in obese patients with atherosclerosis (n = 48), and these metabolites were then linked with dysregulated vascular redox signaling in 633 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. The underlying mechanisms were explored in human aortic endothelial cells, and their clinical value was tested against hard clinical endpoints. RESULTS Because ThAT volume was associated significantly with arterial oxidative stress, there were significant differences in sphingolipid secretion between ThAT and subcutaneous AT, with C16:0-ceramide and derivatives being the most abundant species released within adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. High ThAT sphingolipid secretion was significantly associated with reduced endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and increased superoxide generated in human vessels. Circulating C16:0-ceramide correlated positively with ThAT ceramides, dysregulated vascular redox signaling, and increased systemic inflammation in 633 patients with atherosclerosis. Exogenous C16:0-ceramide directly increased superoxide via tetrahydrobiopterin-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and dysregulated protein phosphatase 2 in human aortic endothelial cells. High plasma C16:0-ceramide and its glycosylated derivative were independently related with increased risk for cardiac mortality (adjusted hazard ratios: 1.394; 95% confidence interval: 1.030 to 1.886; p = 0.031 for C16:0-ceramide and 1.595; 95% confidence interval: 1.042 to 2.442; p = 0.032 for C16:0-glycosylceramide per 1 SD). In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 1-year treatment of obese patients with the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide suppressed plasma C16:0-ceramide and C16:0-glycosylceramide changes compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time in humans that AT-derived ceramides are modifiable regulators of vascular redox state in obesity, with a direct impact on cardiac mortality in advanced atherosclerosis. (The Interaction Between Appetite Hormones; NCT02094183).
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Lasky-Su J, Kelly RS, Wheelock CE, Broadhurst D. A strategy for advancing for population-based scientific discovery using the metabolome: the establishment of the Metabolomics Society Metabolomic Epidemiology Task Group. Metabolomics 2021; 17:45. [PMID: 33937923 PMCID: PMC8605901 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic Epidemiology is a growing area of research within the metabolomics research community. In response to this, we describe the establishment of the Metabolomics Society Metabolomic Epidemiology Task Group. The overall mission of this group is to promote the growth and understanding of metabolomic epidemiology as an independent research discipline and to drive collaborative efforts that can shape the field. In this article we define metabolomic epidemiology and identify the key challenges that need to be addressed in order to advance population-based scientific discovery in metabolomics.
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Rago D, Pedersen CET, Huang M, Kelly RS, Gürdeniz G, Brustad N, Knihtilä H, Lee-Sarwar KA, Morin A, Rasmussen MA, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Litonjua AA, Wheelock CE, Weiss ST, Lasky-Su J, Bisgaard H, Chawes BL. Characteristics and Mechanisms of a Sphingolipid-associated Childhood Asthma Endotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:853-863. [PMID: 33535020 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3206oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A link among sphingolipids, 17q21 genetic variants, and childhood asthma has been suggested, but the underlying mechanisms and characteristics of such an asthma endotype remain to be elucidated.Objectives: To study the sphingolipid-associated childhood asthma endotype using multiomic data.Methods: We used untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry plasma metabolomic profiles at the ages of 6 months and 6 years from more than 500 children in the COPSAC2010 (Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood) birth cohort focusing on sphingolipids, and we integrated the 17q21 genotype and nasal gene expression of SPT (serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase) (i.e., the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo sphingolipid synthesis) in relation to asthma development and lung function traits from infancy until the age 6 years. Replication was sought in the independent VDAART (Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial) cohort.Measurements and Main Results: Lower concentrations of ceramides and sphingomyelins at the age of 6 months were associated with an increased risk of developing asthma before age 3, which was also observed in VDAART. At the age of 6 years, lower concentrations of key phosphosphingolipids (e.g., sphinganine-1-phosphate) were associated with increased airway resistance. This relationship was dependent on the 17q21 genotype and nasal SPT gene expression, with significant interactions occurring between the genotype and the phosphosphingolipid concentrations and between the genotype and SPT expression, in which lower phosphosphingolipid concentrations and reduced SPT expression were associated with increasing numbers of at-risk alleles. However, the findings did not pass the false discovery rate threshold of <0.05.Conclusions: This exploratory study suggests the existence of a childhood asthma endotype with early onset and increased airway resistance that is characterized by reduced sphingolipid concentrations, which are associated with 17q21 genetic variants and expression of the SPT enzyme.
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Meister I, Zhang P, Sinha A, Sköld CM, Wheelock ÅM, Izumi T, Chaleckis R, Wheelock CE. High-Precision Automated Workflow for Urinary Untargeted Metabolomic Epidemiology. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5248-5258. [PMID: 33739820 PMCID: PMC8041248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Urine is a noninvasive biofluid that is rich in polar metabolites and well suited for metabolomic epidemiology. However, because of individual variability in health and hydration status, the physiological concentration of urine can differ >15-fold, which can pose major challenges in untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics. Although numerous urine normalization methods have been implemented (e.g., creatinine, specific gravity-SG), most are manual and, therefore, not practical for population-based studies. To address this issue, we developed a method to measure SG in 96-well-plates using a refractive index detector (RID), which exhibited accuracy within 85-115% and <3.4% precision. Bland-Altman statistics showed a mean deviation of -0.0001 SG units (limits of agreement: -0.0014 to 0.0011) relative to a hand-held refractometer. Using this RID-based SG normalization, we developed an automated LC-MS workflow for untargeted urinary metabolomics in a 96-well-plate format. The workflow uses positive and negative ionization HILIC chromatography and acquires mass spectra in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode at three collision energies. Five technical internal standards (tISs) were used to monitor data quality in each method, all of which demonstrated raw coefficients of variation (CVs) < 10% in the quality controls (QCs) and < 20% in the samples for a small cohort (n = 87 urine samples, n = 22 QCs). Application in a large cohort (n = 842 urine samples, n = 248 QCs) demonstrated CVQC < 5% and CVsamples < 16% for 4/5 tISs after signal drift correction by cubic spline regression. The workflow identified >540 urinary metabolites including endogenous and exogenous compounds. This platform is suitable for performing urinary untargeted metabolomic epidemiology and will be useful for applications in population-based molecular phenotyping.
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