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Lee EJ, Joo HJ, Ryu HS. Malignant mixed Müllerian tumors of the uterus: sonographic spectrum. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2012; 39:348-353. [PMID: 21919101 DOI: 10.1002/uog.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the sonographic findings for malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMTs) of the uterus with particular emphasis on their features on saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) and color Doppler sonography, and to determine how they relate to pathological findings. METHODS The SCSH and color Doppler findings in 29 histologically proven cases of uterine MMMT were reviewed retrospectively and their relationship to gross and histological findings were investigated. RESULTS Of the 29 uterine tumors, 16 were located only in the corpus, nine only in the fundus and four in both the corpus and fundus. Mean tumor size was 5.4 cm. The most common appearance was a polypoid mass projecting into the endometrial cavity, found in 23 cases. Twenty-eight tumors had an irregular surface, which was papillary in 20 cases and lobulated in eight. Most appeared heterogeneously isoechoic (n = 16) or hypoechoic (n = 12), occasionally with a trabecular appearance, and they often had clefts or fissure-like cystic areas (n = 10), necrosis (n = 4) or hemorrhagic areas (n = 7). Myometrial invasion was present in 27 cases and dilatation of the endometrial cavity was seen in 11. Color Doppler sonography showed moderate to marked vascularity in 20 out of the 24 cases in which it was performed, with a mean resistance index of 0.41, and appeared as feeding (n = 15) or randomly dispersed (n = 9) vessels. CONCLUSIONS Uterine MMMTs have distinct sonographic features that are related to pathological findings. Knowledge of the sonographic appearance of MMMTs may facilitate diagnosis.
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Kim SJ, Yoon DW, Lee EJ, Hur GY, Jung KH, Lee SY, Lee SY, Shin C, Shim JJ, In KH, Kang KH, Yoo SH, Kim JH. Carotid atherosclerosis in patients with untreated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 15:1265-70, i. [PMID: 21943856 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and their correlation in newly diagnosed untreated patients with COPD. DESIGN Post-bronchodilator spirometry, carotid artery IMT and blood tests were measured in patients with COPD (COPD group). Age, sex, body mass index, smoking status and smoking amount were compared with matched healthy subjects (non-COPD group). Participants taking medications and/or with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, COPD or cardiovascular disease were excluded. RESULTS A total of 126 patients (COPD group 42, non-COPD group 84) were enrolled. The IMT and hsCRP of the COPD group were significantly higher than in the non-COPD group (P < 0.05). The decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV(1)/FVC) ratio and FEV(1) was significantly correlated with an increase in the hsCRP and IMT (P < 0.05); there was no correlation between the IMT and hsCRP (P = 0.152). CONCLUSION In newly diagnosed untreated patients with COPD, the carotid artery IMT and hsCRP were significantly higher than in healthy subjects. These findings suggest that systemic inflammation may play a potential role in preclinical atherosclerosis in COPD.
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Kim DW, Lee EJ, Jung SJ, Ryu JH, Kim YM. Role of sonographic diagnosis in managing Bethesda class III nodules. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:2136-41. [PMID: 21920860 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bethesda class III cytology is an important limitation of the US-FNA in assessing thyroid nodules. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of US in evaluating thyroid nodules with Bethesda class III cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2008 to December 2009, 1036 patients with 1289 thyroid nodules diagnosed by US and subsequent US-FNA biopsy were enrolled in the study. On the basis of US features, each thyroid nodule was prospectively classified by a single radiologist into 1 of 5 diagnostic categories: benign, probably benign, borderline, possibly malignant, and malignant. Solid nodules were classified by using all 5 categories, whereas partially cystic nodules were classified by using 4 (borderline was omitted). We calculated the diagnostic efficacy of thyroid US by comparing the US diagnoses with the histopathology results of Bethesda class III nodules. RESULTS Of the 51 Bethesda class III nodules, 35 were surgically confirmed and 8 were histologically diagnosed, and a malignancy rate of 46.5% (20/43) was determined. From the 43 nodules, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated with 9 borderline nodules excluded (100%, 94.7%, 93.3%, 100%, and 97.0%, respectively) and with the 9 when reclassified as benign (63.6%, 95.2%, 93.3%, 71.4%, and 79.1%, respectively) and malignant (100%, 85.7%, 88.0%, 100%, and 93.0%, respectively). The values obtained with exclusion and malignancy reclassification of 9 borderline nodules were not significantly different (P = .250). CONCLUSIONS US diagnosis by using the present US classification system can be helpful for managing Bethesda class III nodules.
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Hong JW, Park JK, Lim CY, Kim SW, Chung YS, Kim SW, Lee EJ. A weekly administered sustained-release growth hormone reduces visceral fat and waist circumference in abdominal obesity. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:956-61. [PMID: 22072433 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in obesity has been known to lead to a decrease in visceral adiposity and an increase in lean body mass. Most studies have used supraphysiological doses of rhGH, which were administered daily or every other day. We aimed to evaluate whether weekly administered low dose of sustained-release rhGH (SR-rhGH) could play a therapeutic role in the treatment of abdominal obesity. Prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter pilot study was carried out. Participants were 26 adults aged 40-65 years old with abdominal obesity (male: waist circumference >90 cm, female: waist circumference >85 cm). The subjects were given 3 mg of SR-rhGH, administered subcutaneously, weekly for 26 weeks. SR-rhGH treatment for 26 weeks increased the IGF-1 level by 56.53±76.09 μg/l (SDS 0.77±1.12) compared to the baseline (p=0.0022). After 26 weeks, SR-rhGH treatment reduced abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (140.35±75.97 to 128.43±73.85 cm2, p=0.0038). Average waist circumference decreased from 96.25±6.41 to 91.93±6.13 cm (p<0.0001) after treatment. However, body weight or lean body mass did not show any significant change. In conclusion, SR-rhGH treatment for 26 weeks reduced abdominal visceral fat and waist circumference without severe adverse events. Further studies may be considered on the role of weekly administered SR-rhGH as a treatment for abdominal obesity.
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Kwon JH, Akram K, Nam KC, Lee EJ, Ahn DU. Evaluation of radiation-induced compounds in irradiated raw or cooked chicken meat during storage. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2578-83. [PMID: 22010244 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jakimiuk AJ, Crosignani PG, Chernev T, Prilepskaya V, Bergmans P, Von Poncet M, Marelli S, Lee EJ. High levels of women's satisfaction and compliance with transdermal contraception: results from a European multinational, 6-month study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:849-56. [PMID: 21142776 PMCID: PMC3205821 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.538095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate compliance, satisfaction, and preference in women using a transdermal contraceptive patch. METHODS Women (18-46 years) from eight European countries used contraceptive patches (norelgestromin 6 mg, ethinylestradiol 600 μg) for six, 4-week treatment cycles. Compliance, satisfaction, and preference were assessed after 3 and 6 cycles and study completion using self-report methods. RESULTS Of the 778 participants, 36.8% (n = 287) used no contraception at baseline. The most common methods were oral contraceptives (67.9%, n = 334) and barrier methods (21.5%, n = 106). Of oral contraception users, 63.5% (n = 212) were satisfied or very satisfied with their previous method, but compliance was poor with 77.8% (n = 260) reporting missed doses. After 3 and 6 cycles, >80% of all included women were satisfied or very satisfied with the patch. At study completion, most participants (73.7%) reported a preference for the patch compared to their previous method. Of 4107 cycles, 3718 (90.5%) were completed with perfect compliance. Two pregnancies occurred during this study, representing a Pearl Index of 0.63. No new safety issues were identified and the patch was well tolerated. CONCLUSION Women were highly satisfied with transdermal contraception and preferred this form of family planning over their previous method. Transdermal contraception represents a valuable addition to contraceptive options with potential to offer high compliance and efficacy.
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Xiao S, Zhang WG, Lee EJ, Ma CW, Ahn DU. Effects of diet, packaging, and irradiation on protein oxidation, lipid oxidation, and color of raw broiler thigh meat during refrigerated storage. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1348-57. [PMID: 21597078 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary treatment, packaging, and irradiation singly or in combination on the oxidative stability of broiler chicken thigh meat. A total of 120 four-week-old chickens were divided into 12 pens (10 birds/pen), and 4 pens of broilers were randomly assigned to a control oxidized diet (5% oxidized oil) or an antioxidant-added diet [500 IU of vitamin E + 200 mg/kg of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)] and fed for 2 wk. After slaughter, thigh meats were separated, ground, packaged in either oxygen-permeable or oxygen-impermeable vacuum bags, and irradiated at 0 or 3 kGy. Lipid oxidation (TBA-reactive substances), protein oxidation (carbonyl), and color of the meat were measured at 1, 4, and 7 d of refrigerated storage. The lipid and protein oxidation of thigh meats from birds fed the diet supplemented with antioxidants (vitamin E + BHA) was significantly lower than the lipid and protein oxidation of birds fed the control diet, whereas the lipid and protein oxidation of broilers fed the oxidized oil diet was higher than that of birds fed the control diet. Vacuum packaging slowed, but irradiation accelerated, the lipid and protein oxidation of thigh meat during storage. Dietary antioxidants (vitamin E + BHA) and irradiation treatments showed a stronger effect on lipid oxidation than on protein oxidation. A significant correlation between lipid and protein oxidation in meat was found during storage. Dietary supplementation of vitamin E + BHA and the irradiation treatment increased the lightness and redness of thigh meat, respectively. It is suggested that appropriate use of dietary antioxidants in combination with packaging could be effective in minimizing oxidative changes in irradiated raw chicken thigh meat.
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Sivakumar G, Medina-Bolivar F, Lay JO, Dolan MC, Condori J, Grubbs SK, Wright SM, Baque MA, Lee EJ, Paek KY. Bioprocess and bioreactor: next generation technology for production of potential plant-based antidiabetic and antioxidant molecules. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:79-90. [PMID: 21110813 DOI: 10.2174/092986711793979724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Globally, diabetes and obesity are two of the most common metabolic diseases of the 21(st) century. Increasingly, not only adults but children and adolescents are being affected. New approaches are needed to prevent and treat these disorders and to reduce the impact of associated disease-related complications. Industrial-scale production using plant-root cultures can produce quantities and quality of inexpensive bioactive small molecules with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. Using this approach, and targeting these diseases, a next generation approach to tackling this emerging global health crisis may be developed. Adventitious roots cultured in bioreactors under controlled and reproducible conditions have been shown effective for production of natural products. The liquid-phase airlift bioreactor in particular has been used successfully for culturing roots on an industrial-scale and thus may provide an economical production platform for expressing promising plant-based antidiabetic and antioxidant molecules. This review focuses on a next-generation, scalable, bioprocessing approach for adventitious and hairy root cultures that are a pesticide-free, seasonally-independent, plant-based source of three molecules that have shown promise for the therapeutic management of diabetes and obesity: corosolic acid, resveratrol and ginsenosides.
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Lee EJ, Kim SH, Kim YH. Uterine cavernous haemangioma in a post-menopausal woman: CT and MRI findings mimicking uterine myoma with degeneration. Br J Radiol 2011; 84:e68-71. [PMID: 21415295 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/56484373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavernous haemangioma is a very rare vascular malformation of the uterus. We describe the CT and MRI findings of a cavernous haemangioma in an 81-year-old female with recurrent menorrhagia. CT showed a well-marginated mass with multifocal calcifications and extensive haemorrhage, as well as necrosis in the anterior wall of the uterus. MRI revealed heterogeneous low- to high-signal intensities of the mass on T(1) and T(2 )weighted images as well as portions with poor enhancement of the mass on contrast-enhanced T(1 )weighted images. Although rare, cavernous haemangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a calcified haemorrhagic necrotic uterine mass in post-menopausal women.
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Hong JW, Kim JY, Kim YE, Lee EJ. Metabolic parameters and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hypopituitary men. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:48-54. [PMID: 20865648 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1265217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with hypopituitarism have the feature of metabolic syndrome, including central obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Because metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, is the main pathogenesis of the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we considered that patients diagnosed with hypopituitarism have an increased risk of developing NAFLD. We compared control subjects and hypopituitary men in metabolic parameters and the frequency of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography, and analyzed associating factors with the severity of the fatty liver in patients with hypopituitarism. 34 male patients with hypopituitarism and 40 age and sex-matched control subjects were included. The frequency of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography was significantly higher in hypopituitary men compared to control subjects (32.5% vs. 70.6%, p=0.001). Ln CRP and free fatty acids were significantly elevated in hypopituitary patients with fatty liver compared to patients without fatty liver. Ln GH was significantly lower in hypopituitary patients with fatty liver. The severity of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography correlated with negatively Ln GH, after adjusting for the BMI effect (p=0.020). There is a difference only between the severe fatty liver group and normal liver group in the analysis of the mean Ln GH level between 4 groups according to the severity of fatty liver (p=0.036). In conclusion, NAFLD is more common in hypopituitary patients than control subject. Severe growth hormone deficiency in hypopituitarism was associated with the severe degree of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD.
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Kim DW, Lee EJ, In HS, Kim SJ. Sonographic differentiation of partially cystic thyroid nodules: a prospective study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1961-6. [PMID: 20634308 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is no prospective study related to the sonographic differentiation of malignant PCTN from benign PCTN. This prospective study was designed to evaluate differentiation of benign from malignant PCTNs with thyroid sonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred thirteen PCTNs in 196 patients who had consecutively undergone prospective sonographic diagnosis and US-FNAB were included. The PCTNs were evaluated according to their configuration and the presence of calcification, a free margin, vascularity, spongiform appearance or daughter cysts, colloid crystal, nodule shape, and echogenicity. Each PCTN was prospectively classified into 1 of 4 diagnostic categories: benign features, probably benign, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant features. We calculated the diagnostic efficacy of a prospective sonographic diagnosis for PCTNs by comparing it with cytopathologic results. RESULTS Among the 213 PCTNs, 53 underwent thyroid surgery. The sonographic classifications for 213 PCTNs included benign features (n = 182), probably benign (n = 19), suspicious for malignancy (n = 7), and malignant features (n = 5). When nonsurgical PCTNs (n = 160) with benign sonographic findings and benign cytology were considered negative, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of the prospective diagnosis of PCTNs were 72.7%, 98.0%, 66.7%, 98.5%, and 96.7%, respectively. On the basis of individual analysis, eccentric configuration with an acute angle and microcalcifications were significantly associated with malignancy, but a concentric configuration, a smooth free margin, peripheral vascularity, spongiform appearance or daughter cysts, and intranodular colloid crystals showed a statistically significant association with benignity. CONCLUSIONS Our prospective sonographic diagnoses of PCTNs, especially those >2 cm, were highly reliable.
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Park EK, Lee EJ, Lee SH, Koo KH, Sung JY, Hwang EH, Park JH, Kim CW, Jeong KC, Park BK, Kim YN. Induction of apoptosis by the ginsenoside Rh2 by internalization of lipid rafts and caveolae and inactivation of Akt. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1212-23. [PMID: 20590613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lipid rafts and caveolae are membrane microdomains with important roles in cell survival signalling involving the Akt pathway. Cholesterol is important for the structure and function of these microdomains. The ginsenoside Rh2 exhibits anti-tumour activity. Because Rh2 is structurally similar to cholesterol, we investigated the possibility that Rh2 exerted its anti-tumour effect by modulating rafts and caveolae. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A431 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma cell line) were treated with Rh2 and the effects on cell apoptosis, raft localization and Akt activation measured. We also examined the effects of over-expression of Akt and active-Akt on Rh2-induced cell death. KEY RESULTS Rh2 induced apoptosis concentration- and time-dependently. Rh2 reduced the levels of rafts and caveolae in the plasma membrane and increased their internalization. Furthermore, Akt activity was decreased and consequently, Akt-dependent phosphorylation of Bad, a pro-survival protein, was decreased whereas the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bim and Bax, were increased upon Rh2 treatment. Unlike microdomain internalization induce by cholesterol depletion, Rh2-mediated internalization of rafts and caveolae was not reversed by cholesterol addition. Also, cholesterol addition did not restore Akt activation or rescue cells from Rh2-induced cell death. Rh2-induced cell death was attenuated in MDA-MB-231 cells over-expressing either wild-type or dominant-active Akt. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Rh2 induced internalization of rafts and caveolae, leading to Akt inactivation, and ultimately apoptosis. Because elevated levels of membrane rafts and caveolae, and Akt activation have been correlated with cancer development, internalization of these microdomains by Rh2 could potentially be used as an anti-cancer therapy.
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Kim MS, Park H, Park CS, Lee EJ, Rho MH, Park NH, Joh J. Eosinophilic cystitis associated with eosinophilic enterocolitis: case reports and review of the literature. Br J Radiol 2010; 83:e122-5. [PMID: 20505026 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/36109223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report three cases of eosinophilic cystitis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed characteristic bladder wall thickening exceeding 10 mm, with preservation of the mucosal lining and intense, progressive contrast enhancement on sequential arterial and delayed scans. Eosinophilic cystitis might have been associated with eosinophilic infiltration in other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tracts and liver.
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Lee SM, Jun JK, Lee EJ, Lee JH, Park CW, Park JS, Syn HC. Measurement of fetal urine production to differentiate causes of increased amniotic fluid volume. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2010; 36:191-195. [PMID: 20069667 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In polyhydramnios, amniotic fluid (AF) volume can be increased not only as a result of increased fetal urine production, but also due to several other factors, including impairment of both fetal swallowing and gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of AF. Our aim was to evaluate whether measurement of the fetal urine production rate (UPR) can be used to differentiate the causes of increased AF volume. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 54 pregnant women with an increased amniotic fluid index (AFI), defined as AFI > or = 18 cm, divided into two groups according to the presence of fetal anomalies that are associated with impairment of fetal swallowing or decreased GI absorption of AF (Group 1, n = 14) or the absence of fetal anomalies (Group 2, n = 40). The control group included 96 normal pregnancies with normal AFI (8 < or = AFI < 18 cm) (Group 3). Fetal UPR was obtained by serial bladder volume measurements (two to four times, with a median interval of 5 min between each) using the rotational method of Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL()) with three-dimensional ultrasound. To adjust for fetal weight (Wt) and gestational age (GA), UPR_Wt and UPR_SD were calculated using the following formulae: UPR_Wt = measured UPR/estimated fetal weight and UPR_SD = (measured UPR - mean UPR for each GA)/SD of UPR for each GA. RESULTS The AFI was increased significantly in Groups 1 and 2 compared with Group 3. However, the median fetal UPR in Group 1 did not differ from that of Group 3, in contrast to the higher median fetal UPR in Group 2 compared with Groups 1 and 3; this difference remained significant after adjusting for GA and estimated fetal weight in terms of UPR_SD and UPR_Wt. In Groups 2 and 3, AFI and UPR had a positive correlation in terms of UPR, UPR_SD and UPR_Wt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that fetal UPR is significantly increased in cases with increased AFI without fetal anomalies, but not in those with increased AFI and fetal anomalies involving decreased GI absorption of AF, might be used to differentiate causes of increased AF volume. In the absence of fetal anomalies, AFI and fetal UPR correlate positively.
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Lee EJ, Rothwell JT. Histological changes to the skin of Merino sheep following deep dermal and subcutaneous injections of sodium lauryl sulfate. Aust Vet J 2010; 88:146-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nam JS, Nam JY, Yoo JS, Cho M, Park JS, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Lee EJ, Lim SK, Kim KR, Lee HC. The effect of mosapride (5HT-4 receptor agonist) on insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 translocation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 87:329-34. [PMID: 20060191 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the effect of mosapride, 5HT-4 (5-hydroxytryptamine) agonist, on blood glucose level and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and conducted an in vitro study to evaluate the action mechanism. METHODS Thirty IGT patients were randomly assigned to receive either mosapride or placebo for 2 weeks. Biochemical profiles and insulin sensitivity index from euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were assessed before and after treatment. In cultured myotubes from human skeletal muscle cells, insulin- and mosapride-induced GLUT4 translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 were determined. RESULTS After 2 weeks of treatment with mosapride, glucose disposal rates were significantly increased up to those of control (mosapride 5.47+/-1.72 vs 7.06+/-2.13, P=0.004, placebo 5.42+/-1.85 vs 5.23+/-1.53mgkg(-1)min(-1)). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin levels were decreased. Mosapride increased the contents of GLUT4 in plasma membrane representing the increased recruitment of glucose transporters from intracellular pool. While insulin treatment on human skeletal muscle cell resulted in an increased tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, mosapride did not have any effect. CONCLUSIONS Mosapride is effective in decreasing FPG without stimulating insulin secretion in IGT subjects, possibly by inducing GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles.
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Shin DH, Chai JY, Park EA, Lee W, Lee H, Lee JS, Choi YM, Koh BJ, Park JB, Oh CS, Bok GD, Kim WL, Lee E, Lee EJ, Seo M. Finding ancient parasite larvae in a sample from a male living in late 17th century Korea. J Parasitol 2010; 95:768-71. [PMID: 19071966 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1763.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitological examination of samples from tombs of the Korean Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) could be helpful to researchers in understanding parasitic infection prevalence in pre-industrial Korean society. Whereas most of our previous parasitological studies revealed the presence of ancient parasite eggs in coprolites of Korean mummies, a sample from a man living in late 17th century Korea proved to be relatively unique in possessing what appeared to be several species of parasite larvae. The larvae identified included Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichostrongylus spp., along with eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Paragonimus westermani. Since ancient parasite larvae retain enough morphology to make proper species identification possible, even after long burial times, the examination of parasite larvae within ancient samples will be conducted more carefully in our future work.
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Kwak DH, Yoo SJ, Lee EJ, Lee JW. Evaluation on simultaneous removal of particles and off-flavors using population balance for application of powdered activated carbon in dissolved air flotation process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2010; 61:323-330. [PMID: 20107258 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Most of the water treatment plants applying the DAF process are faced with off-flavors control problems. For simultaneous control of particles of impurities and dissolved organics that cause pungent taste and odor in water, an effective method would be the simple application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) in the DAF process. A series of experiments were carried out to explore the feasibility for simultaneous removal of kaolin particles and organic compounds that produce off-flavors (2-MIB and geosmin). In addition, the flotation efficiency of kaolin and PAC particles adsorbing organics in the DAF process was evaluated by employing the population balance theory. The removal efficiency of 2-MIB and geosmin under the treatment condition with kaolin particles for simultaneous treatment was lower than that of the individual treatment. The decrease in the removal efficiency was probably caused by 2-MIB and geosmin remaining in the PAC particle in the treated water of DAF after bubble flotation. Simulation results obtained by the population balance model indicate, that the initial collision-attachment efficiency of PAC particles was lower than that of kaolin particles.
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Nam JS, Nam JY, Yoo JS, Cho M, Park JS, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Lee EJ, Lim SK, Kim KR, Lee HC. The effect of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity and mid-thigh low-density muscle in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2010; 27:30-6. [PMID: 20121886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined the effect of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, abdominal fat and mid-thigh intramuscular fat distribution, and plasma concentrations of adipocytokines in patients with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Rosiglitazone was administered at a daily dose of 4 mg to 42 Type 2 diabetes patients [age 32-70 years, body mass index (BMI) 17.5-32.6 kg/m(2), 15 women, 27 men] for 12 weeks. Various anthropometric and metabolic profiles, plasma adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were measured, and insulin resistance was calculated from the short insulin tolerance test. Body fat composition was assessed by computed tomography. RESULTS Twelve weeks' rosiglitazone treatment resulted in improved insulin resistance despite increases in body weight and BMI. There was a significant decrease in abdominal visceral adipose tissue area (145 +/- 65.6 vs. 129 +/- 73.1 cm(2), P = 0.049). Mid-thigh low-density muscle area (TLDMA) increased from 23 +/- 9.6 to 26 +/- 8.2 cm(2) (P = 0.009). There were significant changes in plasma adipocytokines, but they were not significantly correlated with changes in insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Rosiglitazone treatment resulted in an improvement of insulin responsiveness in Type 2 diabetic subjects, which was associated with the redistribution of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, an increase in TLDMA, and changes in serum adipocytokine levels. Further studies are needed to elucidate the insulin sensitizing mechanism of rosiglitazone on peripheral skeletal muscles.
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Lee EJ, Ang SB. Measurement of debrisoquine and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine in urine by liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 5:435-9. [PMID: 16867515 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(87)80052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/1987] [Revised: 03/03/1987] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee EJ, Lee SK, Agid R, Howard P, Bae JM, terBrugge K. Comparison of image quality and radiation dose between fixed tube current and combined automatic tube current modulation in craniocervical CT angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1754-9. [PMID: 19509074 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The combined automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) technique adapts and modulates the x-ray tube current in the x-y-z axis according to the patient's individual anatomy. We compared image quality and radiation dose of the combined ATCM technique with those of a fixed tube current (FTC) technique in craniocervical CT angiography performed with a 64-section multidetector row CT (MDCT) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of craniocervical CT angiograms (CTAs) by using combined ATCM (n = 25) and FTC techniques (n = 25) was performed. Other CTA parameters, such as kilovolt (peak), matrix size, FOV, section thickness, pitch, contrast agent, and contrast injection techniques, were held constant. We recorded objective image noise in the muscles at 2 anatomic levels: radiation exposure doses (CT dose index volume and dose-length product); and subjective image quality parameters, such as vascular delineation of various arterial vessels, visibility of small arterial detail, image artifacts, and certainty of diagnosis. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS No significant difference was detected in subjective image quality parameters between the FTC and combined ATCM techniques. Most subjects in both study groups (49/50, 98%) had acceptable subjective artifacts. The objective image noise values at shoulder level did not show a significant difference, but the noise value at the upper neck was higher with the combined ATCM (P < .05) technique. Significant reduction in radiation dose (18% reduction) was noted with the combined ATCM technique (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The combined ATCM technique for craniocervical CTA performed at 64-section MDCT substantially reduced radiation exposure dose but maintained diagnostic image quality.
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Park KH, Kim SH, Song EH, Jang EY, Lee EJ, Chong YP, Choi SH, Lee SO, Woo JH, Kim YS. Development of bacteraemia or fungaemia after removal of colonized central venous catheters in patients with negative concomitant blood cultures. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:742-6. [PMID: 19747217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are limited data on the clinical significance of positive central venous catheter (CVC) tip cultures associated with concomitant negative blood cultures performed at the time of CVC removal. A retrospective cohort study of all patients who yielded isolated positive CVC tip cultures was conducted in a tertiary-care hospital with 2200 beds during a 10-year period. All patients with isolated positive CVC tip cultures were observed for the development of subsequent bacteraemia or fungaemia between 2 and 28 days after CVC removal. An isolated positive CVC tip culture was defined as a case in which (i) a CVC tip culture yielded > or = 15 colonies using a semiquantitative culture method and (ii) at least two sets of blood samples revealed no organism at, or close to, the time of CVC removal (48 h before to 48 h after CVC removal). During the study period, 312 patients with isolated positive CVC cultures were enrolled. Eight (2.6%; 95% CI 1.2-5.1) of the 312 patients yielding isolated bacterial or fungal CVC tip cultures developed subsequent bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by the same species as that isolated from the tip culture (Staphylococcus aureus, 1: Enterococcus spp.; 2: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and 3: Candida spp.). Among 125 patients from whose CVC tips the above four organisms were grown, seven (12.3%) of 57 patients who did not receive appropriate antibiotic therapy within 48 h after CVC removal subsequently developed BSI, but only one (1.5%) of 68 patients who did receive appropriate therapy developed BSI (OR 0.11, p 0.02).
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Lee EJ, Choo HJ, Kim DW, Yoon JH, Cha SS, Lee WJ, Yoon HK. A retroperitoneal granular cell tumour that mimics pancreatic cancer. Br J Radiol 2009; 82:e194-6. [PMID: 19729550 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/25160895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Granular cell tumour is a rare disorder that is characterised by an oval-shaped tumour that has with eosinophilic granules within the tumour cells. It is extremely rare to find this disease arising from the retroperitoneum. We report here on a case of a 46-year-old man with a retroperitoneal granular cell tumour that mimics pancreatic cancer, and describe the CT and MRI findings.
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Lee EJ, Joo KR, Cha JM, Shin HP, Jung SW, Lee JI, Kim GY. Intra-ampullary protruding mass: unusual presentation of mucinous carcinoma of the pancreas. Endoscopy 2009; 41 Suppl 2:E74-5. [PMID: 19370519 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Kim MJ, Lee EJ, Kim TW. Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness profile in subjects with myopia measured using the Stratus optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 94:115-20. [PMID: 19692369 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.162206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the relationship between the axial length and refractive error and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness profiles measured using Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in subjects with myopia. METHODS Forty-eight eyes of 48 myopic subjects were recruited and divided into three groups according to their spherical equivalent (SE): low myopia (-3.0 D<SE<0.0 D), moderate myopia (-6.0 D<SE</=-3.0 D) and high myopia (SE</=-6.0 D) groups. All individuals underwent the imaging with the Stratus OCT. The RNFL thickness profiles were compared between the groups. RESULTS The global average RNFL was significantly thinner in the high myopia group than in the low myopia group (107.4 (SD 7.6) vs 115.8 (8.5) mum, p = 0.029 by post hoc test). For quadrant measures, the RNFL was thicker in the low myopia group than in the moderate and/or high myopia groups for the superior, nasal and inferior quadrants (all p values</=0.020). However, the temporal quadrant was thinner in the low myopia group than in the moderate and high myopia groups (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION High myopes had thinner RNFLs than did low myopes and showed different topographic profiles. Although the high myopes had significantly thinner RNFLs in the non-temporal sectors compared with the low myopes, they showed a significantly thicker RNFL in the temporal quadrant.
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Kim MS, Jung SY, Kang JH, Kim HJ, Ko HM, Jung JY, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Kim SM, Lee EJ, Kim SH. Effects of bisphosphonate on the endochondral bone formation of the mandibular condyle. Anat Histol Embryol 2009; 38:321-6. [PMID: 19681835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of the mandibular condylar cartilage is important for the overall growth of the mandible. However, there have been a few researches into medical approaches aimed at controlling condylar growth. This study examined the effects of bisphosphonate on the growth of the condylar cartilage. Alendronate (3.5 mg/kg/week) was administered to postnatal day 1 SD rats for 7 and 10 days. The thickness of each chondrocyte layer and the level of MMP-9 expression were measured. The anteroposterior diameter of the developing condyle was unaffected by the alendronate treatment for 7 days (P > 0.05). The total thickness of the cartilage layers was also unaffected by the treatment for 7 days (P > 0.05). In particular, there was no change in the thickness of the perichondrium and reserve cell layer at the measured condylar regions (P > 0.05). However, the thickness of the proliferating cell layer was reduced significantly, whereas the thickness of hypertrophied cartilage layer was increased (P < 0.05). The number of chondroclasts engaged in hypertrophied cartilage resorption was reduced significantly by the alendronate treatment (P < 0.05). The level of MMP-9 expression was reduced at both the transcription and translation levels by the alendronate treatment for 7 and 10 days. These results indicate that alendronate (>3.5 mg/kg/week) inhibits the longitudinal growth of the mandibular condyle by inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation and the resorption of hypertrophied cartilage for ossification.
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Ismail HA, Lee EJ, Ko KY, Paik HD, Ahn DU. Effect of antioxidant application methods on the color, lipid oxidation, and volatiles of irradiated ground beef. J Food Sci 2009; 74:C25-32. [PMID: 19200082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four antioxidant treatments (none, 0.05% ascorbic acid, 0.01%alpha-tocopherol + 0.01% sesamol, and 0.05% ascorbic acid + 0.01%alpha-tocopherol + 0.01% sesamol) were applied to ground beef using either mixing or spraying method. The meat samples were placed on Styrofoam trays, irradiated at 0 or 2.5 kGy, and then stored for 7 d at 4 degrees C. Color, lipid oxidation, volatiles, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and carbon monoxide (CO) production were determined at 0, 3, and 7 d of storage. Irradiation increased lipid oxidation of ground beef with control and ascorbic acid treatments after 3 d of storage. alpha-Tocopherol + sesamol and ascorbic acid +alpha-tocopherol + sesamol treatments were effective in slowing down lipid oxidation in ground beef during storage regardless of application methods, but mixing was better than the spraying method. Irradiation lowered L*-value and a*-value of ground beef. Storage had no effect on lightness but redness decreased with storage. Ascorbic acid was the most effective in maintaining redness of ground beef followed by ascorbic acid +alpha-tocopherol + sesamol. Irradiation and storage reduced the b*-value of ground beef. Irradiation lowered ORP of ground beef regardless of antioxidants application methods, but ORP was lower in beef with mixing than spraying method. Beef sprayed with antioxidants produced more hydrocarbons and alcohols than the mixing application, but ascorbic acid +alpha-tocopherol + sesamol treatment was effective in reducing the amount of volatiles produced by irradiation. Therefore, mixing was better than the spraying method in preventing lipid oxidation and maintaining color of irradiated ground beef.
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Kim HJ, Jeon SK, Kang JH, Kim MS, Ko HM, Jung JY, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Lee EJ, Lim HP, Kim SH. Expression of DCC in differentiating ameloblasts from developing tooth germs in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:563-9. [PMID: 19362703 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the expression pattern of the Deleted-in-colorectal-carcinoma (DCC) gene in developing rat tooth germs. METHODS Rat pups at 4, 7 and 10 d postpartum were used in this study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescent localization were used to determine the level of DCC expression during tooth development. RESULTS There was more than 2-fold higher level of DCC mRNA in the rat 2nd maxillary molar tooth germs on 10 d postpartum, which was the root stage, than in the rat 3rd maxillary molar tooth germ, which was at the cap/early bell development stage. In addition, the levels of DCC mRNA in the 2nd maxillary molar germs at 4, 7 and 10 d postpartum increased gradually according to tooth development. Interestingly, immunoreactivity against DCC was specifically detected in the differentiating ameloblasts. DCC was observed in the lateral and apical sides of the newly differentiating and secretory stage ameloblasts. Afterwards, DCC was localized only in the apical side of the maturation stage ameloblasts, not in the lateral side. CONCLUSION DCC is expressed in the differentiating ameloblasts, which suggests that this molecule plays a crucial role in amelogenesis.
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Lim J, Kim Y, Lee W, Kim M, Lee EJ, Kang CS, Han K. Fresh-frozen, optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound-embedded bone marrow aspirates: a reliable resource for morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular examinations. Int J Lab Hematol 2009; 32:e34-9. [PMID: 19298222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2009.01139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of fresh-frozen, optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound-embedded (FFOE) bone marrow (BM) aspirates was evaluated as a reliable resource for morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular examinations. One hundred BM aspirates were collected in polypropylene tubes and immediately frozen for 2 h in a deep freezer. Frozen BM was transferred to a cryomold filled with OCT compound and the prepared samples were stored in a deep freezer. Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR were performed to evaluate the quality of the FFOE BM sections in 10% of randomly selected samples. FFOE BM sections revealed better morphologies than paraffin-embedded clot sections in haematoxylin and eosin staining because mature erythrocytes were removed during the staining process in frozen BM sections. Immunohistochemical staining for CD34 revealed excellent staining quality and oil red O staining showed that fat vacuoles in cells were well preserved. The quality of genomic DNA in FFOE BM sections was suitable for obtaining about 2000 bp PCR product for the human leucocyte antigen-A locus followed by direct sequencing of the sample, and the quality of total RNA was suitable for detection of BCR-ABL fusion transcript. FFOE BM aspirates are a reliable resource for various laboratory tests of diagnostic and research arenas.
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Kim MS, Kim JH, Lee MR, Kang JH, Kim HJ, Ko HM, Choi CH, Jung JY, Koh JT, Kim BK, Oh HK, Kim WJ, Lee EJ, Kim SH. Effects of alendronate on a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs expression in the developing epiphyseal cartilage in rats. Anat Histol Embryol 2009; 38:154-60. [PMID: 19183348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2008.00920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) have been reported to play a role in the degradation of aggrecan, a major component of cartilage. This study was performed to examine the effects of alendronate on the expression of ADAMTS in developing femoral epiphyseal cartilage. Primary cultured chondrocytes from this cartilage were treated with alendronate in vitro and postnatal day 1 rats were injected subcutaneously with alendronate (1 mg/kg) every second day in vivo. The number of cultured chondrocytes and their aggrecan mRNA levels were unaffected by the alendronate treatment at 10(-6) to 10(-4) M concentrations. The mRNA levels of ADAMTS-1, -2 and -9 in chondrocytes were also unaffected. However, the levels of ADAMTS-5 and -4 were reduced significantly by the same treatment. The thickness of the proliferating chondrocyte layers and the aggrecan mRNA levels in the epiphysis were unaffected by the alendronate treatment in vivo. However, the hypertrophied chondrocyte layers became significantly thicker, and the size of the secondary ossification centre was reduced significantly by the same treatment (P < 0.05). Both ADAMTS-4 and -5 mRNA expressions were also reduced significantly in vivo. The immunoreactivity against ADAMTS-4 was seen in hypertrophied chondrocytes and reduced significantly by the alendronate treatment. These results suggested that alendronate can inhibit the degradation of aggrecan in the articular cartilage by downregulating the expression of matrix enzymes such as ADAMTS-4 and -5.
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Yoo SC, Kim WY, Yoon JH, Kim HY, Lee EJ, Chang SJ, Chang KH, Ryu HS. Accuracy of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in assessing lymph node metastasis and myometrial invasion in patients with uterine cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2009; 30:167-170. [PMID: 19480246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to know preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) and deep myometrial invasion (DMI, > or = 50%) in patients with uterine cancer. METHODS From January 1997 to December 2006, 99 patients who were diagnosed with uterine cancer and surgically staged at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative clinicopathologic characteristics and MRI findings were reviewed and compared with LNM status and DMI observed in the final pathology. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) for MRI in determination of pelvic LNM were 77.7%, 85.6%, 35.0%, and 94.7%, respectively. MRI failed to detect the presence of paraaortic LNM in all of the three patients with positive paraaortic lymph nodes. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for MRI in determining DMI were 46.6%, 84.5%, 35%, and 89.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION Preoperative evaluation of uterine cancer by MRI does not accurately predict the LNM and DMI.
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Choi HS, Kim SH, Rhee Y, Cho MA, Lee EJ, Lim SK. Serum parathyroid hormone is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:1352-7. [PMID: 18657200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) might be related to the development of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women, we measured serum levels of PTH, the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and other clinical and biochemical parameters. METHODS One hundred and seven postmenopausal women were recruited for this study. The serum level of PTH was measured by immunoradiometric assay, and carotid IMT was measured with high resolution B-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS On the basis of bivariate correlation analyses or unpaired t-tests, the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not associated with carotid IMT. In contrast, age (r = 0.414, p < 0.001), serum level of PTH (r = 0.304, p = 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), and hypercholesterolaemia (p = 0.004) were related to carotid IMT. On the basis of multiple regression analysis, the serum level of PTH (beta = 0.198, p = 0.029), as well as age (beta = 0.309, p = 0.001) and hypertension (beta = 0.262, p = 0.006), were independent predictors of carotid IMT. CONCLUSIONS Our results have demonstrated that serum PTH is an independent determinant of carotid IMT in postmenopausal women. This result suggests that serum PTH, even in the reference range, might be associated with the development of atherosclerosis or cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women. Further study is necessary in males and premenopausal women to fully elucidate the clinical significance of this finding.
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Lee EJ, Lee SK, Agid R, Bae JM, Keller A, Terbrugge K. Preoperative grading of presumptive low-grade astrocytomas on MR imaging: diagnostic value of minimum apparent diffusion coefficient. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1872-7. [PMID: 18719036 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Histopathologic grade of glial tumors is inversely correlated with the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). We assessed the diagnostic values of minimum ADC for preoperative grading of supratentorial astrocytomas that were diagnosed as low-grade astrocytomas on conventional MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Among 118 patients with astrocytomas (WHO grades II-IV), 16 who showed typical MR imaging findings of low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas on conventional MR imaging were included. All 16 patients underwent preoperative MR imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging. The minimum ADC value of each tumor was determined from several regions of interest in the tumor on ADC maps. To assess the relationship between the minimum ADC and tumor grade, we performed the Mann-Whitney U test. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the cutoff value of the minimum ADC that had the best combination of sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing low- and high-grade astrocytomas. RESULTS Eight of the 16 patients (50%) were confirmed as having high-grade astrocytomas (WHO grades III and IV), and the other 8 patients were confirmed as having low-grade astrocytomas (WHO grade II). The median minimum ADC of the high-grade astrocytoma (1.035 x 10(-3) mm(2) . sec(-1)) group was significantly lower than that of the low-grade astrocytoma group (1.19 x 10(-3) mm(2) . sec(-1)) (P = .021). According to the ROC analysis, the cutoff value of 1.055 x 10(-3) mm(2) . sec(-1) for the minimum ADC generated the best combination of sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (79%) (P = .021). CONCLUSION Measuring minimum ADC can provide valuable diagnostic information for the preoperative grading of presumptive low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas.
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Kim MS, Ryu JA, Park CS, Lee EJ, Park NH, Oh HE, Jeong J. Amyloidosis of the mesentery and small intestine presenting as a mesenteric haematoma. Br J Radiol 2008; 81:e1-3. [PMID: 18079343 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/13509947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis involving the mesentery is very rare, and its radiological appearance has been poorly documented. To our knowledge, this is the first case of amyloidosis involving the mesentery being presented as a mesenteric haematoma.
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Park NH, Park SI, Park CS, Lee EJ, Kim MS, Ryu JA, Bae JM. Ultrasonographic findings of small bowel intussusception, focusing on differentiation from ileocolic intussusception. Br J Radiol 2007; 80:798-802. [PMID: 17875595 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/61246651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the typical ultrasonographic findings of transient small bowel intussusception (SBI) and to differentiate it from ileocolic intussusception (ICI) in paediatrics. 22 transient SBI (male:female = 13:9, age: 7-132 months (mean 38 months)) and 27 ICI (male:female = 19:8, age: 1-60 months (mean 13 months)) patients diagnosed on ultrasonography were retrospectively evaluated. The findings of location, diameter, thickness of outer rim, and inclusion of mesenteric lymph nodes within intussuscipiens were compared. In the transient SBI, the head of intussusception was located in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) in 11 (50%), the right upper quadrant (RUQ) in 2 (9.1%) and the periumbilical area in 9 (40.9%) cases. The anteroposterior (AP) diameter ranged from 0.84-2.4 cm (mean 1.38 cm), and thickness of outer rim ranged from 0.10-0.34 cm (mean 0.26 cm). No mesenteric lymph nodes were contained within the intussuscipiens. In the ICI, the head was located in the RUQ in 17 (63%), the epigastrium in 7 (25.9%) and the left upper quadrant in 3 (11.1%) cases. The AP diameter ranged from 1.89-3.32 cm (mean 2.53 cm), and the thickness of the outer rim ranged from 0.30-0.86 cm (mean 0.53 cm). Mesenteric lymph nodes were contained within the intussuscipiens in 26 (96.3%) cases. In conclusion, when compared with ICI, the transient SBI occurs predominantly in the RLQ or periumbilical region, has a smaller AP diameter, a thinner outer rim, and dose not contain mesenteric lymph nodes.
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Park NH, Park CS, Lee EJ, Kim MS, Ryu JA, Bae JM, Song JS. Ultrasonographic findings identifying the faecal-impacted appendix: differential findings with acute appendicitis. Br J Radiol 2007; 80:872-7. [PMID: 17875592 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/80553348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify ultrasonographic findings that show the normal faecal-impacted appendix, in order to avoid unnecessary surgery via a misdiagnosis of acute appendicitis. Of 160 patients who underwent ultrasonography between January 2004 and July 2005 for right lower quadrant pain, 22 cases (including 7 cases confirmed pathologically and 15 confirmed clinically and on follow-up ultrasonography) were diagnosed as a normal faecal-impacted appendix. The criteria that we used to distinguish a faecal-impacted appendix from acute appendicitis include preservation of the normal wall layering of the appendix, maximum mural thickness, presence of peri-appendiceal fat infiltration and increased blood flow in the appendiceal wall. The maximum measured outer diameter of a normal faecal-impacted appendix was 0.54-1.03 cm, with a mean diameter of 0.68 cm. The maximum mural thickness ranged from 0.08 cm to 0.26 cm, with a mean thickness of 0.15 cm. The normal wall layers of the appendix were preserved and no evidence was seen of peri-appendiceal fat infiltration in any case. No demonstrably increased blood flow in the appendiceal wall was observed. In conclusion, faecal impaction increases the outer transverse diameter of the normal appendix, frequently leading to a misdiagnosis of acute appendicitis. Recognition of preservation of the normal layering of the appendiceal wall, smaller maximal outer diameter, thinner maximal mural thickness, the absence of peri-appendiceal mesenteric infiltration and no demonstrably increased blood flow in the appendiceal wall should help to prevent unnecessary surgery.
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Lee EJ, Kim HJ, Bae JM, Kim JC, Han HJ, Park CS, Park NH, Kim MS, Ryu JA. Relevance of common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque as risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:916-9. [PMID: 17494669 PMCID: PMC8134355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An increase in the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) is generally considered an early marker of atherosclerosis. This cross-sectional study assessed the CCA-IMT and plaque score as vascular risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke and type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain MR imaging and carotid ultrasonography were performed in 133 subjects with type 2 diabetes. IMT was measured at both CCAs. Differences in the variables between case and control subjects were compared statistically. To determine the independent factors related to CCA-IMT and plaque score, we performed stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Sex, current smoking habit, history of hypertension, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels differed significantly between the case and control groups. CCA-IMT and plaque score in patients with diabetes and acute ischemic stroke were significantly greater than in patients with diabetes who were stroke-free. The crude odds ratios suggested that CCA-IMT and plaque score are risk factors of acute ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, when we adjusted for cerebrovascular risk factors, CCA-IMT and plaque score did not remain significantly associated with acute ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION Increased CCA-IMT and plaque score are associated with acute ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. The higher CCA-IMT and plaque score found in ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes seem to be induced by cerebrovascular risk factors. Therefore, to prevent ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes, strict control of hyperglycemia, hypertension, smoking, and low HDL, together with monitoring of CCA-IMT and carotid plaque, may be important.
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Kim Y, Park CS, Shin HD, Choi JW, Cheong HS, Park BL, Choi YH, Jang AS, Park SW, Lee YM, Lee EJ, Park SG, Lee JY, Lee JK, Han BG, Oh B, Kimm K. A promoter nucleotide variant of the dendritic cell-specific DCNP1 associates with serum IgE levels specific for dust mite allergens among the Korean asthmatics. Genes Immun 2007; 8:369-78. [PMID: 17460725 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most abundant antigen-presenting cells in the lung, have been drawing attention for their roles in specific allergic responses to aeroallergens with support of Th lymphocytes, and in persistent inflammatory changes in allergic asthma. To identify genetic factors that may be involved in the asthma susceptibility and development of the disease phenotypes, we examined association of DC-specific DCNP1 polymorphisms with the disease risk. The case-control study revealed association of the nucleotide variants with serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels specific for Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 1) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1), major aeroallergens of dust mites, among subjects with asthma. In particular, the T-allele-carrying genotype frequencies for one of the variants (c.-1289C>T) located in the promoter region were found increased in the asthmatic group with low levels of the mite-specific IgE (odds ratio (OR)=0.63 (0.48-0.83) for Der p 1). Results from functional analyses indicated that the promoter variant would affect the gene expression by modulating DNA-protein interaction. We propose that the genetic polymorphism of DCNP1 may influence production of specific IgE by altering DC functions in the mite allergen presenting and/or processing. The functional relevance of the genetic variation would provide an important insight into the genetic basis of allergic response to the mite antigens.
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89
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Shin JH, Lee EJ, Lee HR, Ryu SM, Kim HR, Chang CL, Kim YJ, Lee JN. Prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a hospital environment. J Hosp Infect 2007; 65:143-8. [PMID: 17174440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have emerged as an important cause of opportunistic nosocomial infections but there is little known about the isolation and identification of NTM in Korea. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NTM in the hospital environment and identify the species. A total of 150 samples were collected from different parts of the hospital. NTM were isolated and identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the gene encoding rpoB and partial sequencing analysis of hsp65 and rpoB. In this study, 60 strains of NTM were isolated from 50 of the 150 samples. Half of the tap water samples (50 of 100) were positive for mycobacteria. An estimated 73.3% of the isolates were saprophytic, 21.7% were potentially pathogenic and 5% were unidentified. The presence of NTM in hospital tap water is not uncommon. Such water isolates might cause true nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients, in addition to the risk of false-positive culture results.
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90
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Lee EJ, Jang SI, Pallos D, Kather J, Hart TC. Characterization of fibroblasts with Son of Sevenless-1 mutation. J Dent Res 2007; 85:1050-5. [PMID: 17062749 PMCID: PMC2248237 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608501115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-syndromic hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is genetically heterogeneous, etiologic mutations have been identified only in the Son of Sevenless-1 gene (SOS1). To test evidence of increased cell proliferation, we studied histological, morphological, and proliferation characteristics in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures of fibroblasts with the SOS1 g.126,142-126,143insC mutation. Histological assessment of HGF gingiva indicated increased numbers of fibroblasts (30%) and increased collagen (10%). Cell proliferation studies demonstrated increased growth rates and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation for HGF fibroblasts. Flow cytometry showed greater proportions of HGF fibroblasts in the G2/M phase. Attachment of HGF fibroblasts to different extracellular matrix surfaces demonstrated increased formation of protrusions with lamellipodia. HGF fibroblasts in three-dimensional culture showed greater cell proliferation, higher cell density, and alteration of surrounding collagen matrix. These findings revealed that increased fibroblast numbers and collagen matrix changes are associated with mutation of the SOS1 gene in vitro and in vivo.
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91
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Lee EJ, Ahn KJ, Ha YS, Oh HE, Park CS, Song SY, Park NH, Kim MS. Unusual findings in cerebral abscess: report of two cases. Br J Radiol 2006; 79:e156-61. [PMID: 17065277 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/27055708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Markedly restricted water diffusion is a characteristic of purulent fluid in brain abscesses. We report two cases of brain abscesses with unusual diffusion findings.
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92
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Yan HJ, Lee EJ, Nam KC, Min BR, Ahn DU. Dietary Functional Ingredients: Performance of Animals and Quality and Storage Stability of Irradiated Raw Turkey Breast. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1829-37. [PMID: 17012177 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.10.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary functional ingredients vitamin E (VE), Se, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), alone or in combination, on the quality of irradiated turkey breast meat. A total of 480 male turkeys (11-wk-old, raised on a cornsoybean basal diet) were randomly allotted to 32 pens and fed 1 of 8 experimental diets (4 pens/treatment) supplemented with none (control), 200 IU/kg of VE (VE), 0.3 ppm Se (Se), 2.5% CLA (CLA), 200 IU/kg of VE + 0.3 ppm Se (VE + Se), 200 IU/kg of VE + 2.5% CLA (VE + CLA), 2.5% CLA + 0.3 ppm Se (CLA + Se), 200 IU/kg of VE + 0.3 ppm Se + 2.5% CLA (VE + Se + CLA) for 4 wk. At 15 wk of age, all birds were slaughtered, and breast muscles of 8 birds from each pen were separated, pooled, and ground. Patties were prepared using the ground meat, aerobically packaged, and irradiated at 0 or 1.5 kGy absorbed dose. Lipid oxidation, color, and volatiles of the patties were measured after 0, 7, and 12 d of storage at 4 degrees C. The content of VE and Se and fatty acid composition of lipids were also determined. Dietary supplementation of VE and CLA increased their concentrations in turkey breast. Dietary CLA decreased monounsaturated and non-CLA polyunsaturated fatty acids content in meat. Irradiation increased (P < 0.05) Hunter color redness value of turkey breast and accelerated lipid oxidation, regardless of dietary treatments. However, dietary VE, Se, and CLA, alone and in combinations, decreased (P < 0.05) lipid oxidation in meat caused by both irradiation and storage. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of VE, Se, and CLA, alone and in combination, improved the storage stability of irradiated turkey breast meat.
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93
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Lee EJ, Mavrikakis I, Fong K, Casswell AG. Primary peripapillary membrane in an 8-year-old boy. Eye (Lond) 2006; 20:379-80. [PMID: 15803174 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Yan HJ, Lee EJ, Nam KC, Min BR, Ahn DU. Effects of dietary functional ingredients and packaging methods on sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance of irradiated turkey breast meat. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1482-9. [PMID: 16903482 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.8.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw and cooked breast patties from turkeys fed 8 different diets [control; 200 IU/kg of vitamin E (VE); 0.3 mg/kg of Se; 2.5% conjugated linoleic acids (CLA); 200 IU/kg of VE + 0.3 mg/kg of Se; 200 IU/kg of VE + 2.5% CLA; 0.3 mg/kg of Se + 2.5% CLA; and 200 IU/kg of VE + 0.3 mg/kg of Se + 2.5% CLA] were treated with 2 irradiation doses (0 and 1.5 kGy) and 2 packaging methods (vacuum and aerobic). Raw and cooked samples from 32 treatments were tested by 8 trained sensory panelists for turkey aroma and irradiation off-aroma. Based on the sensory scores, the 3 dietary treatments producing the most and the least off-aroma were selected and used for a consumer acceptance study. Sensory results of raw meat showed that turkey aroma was intense in aerobically packaged meat, whereas irradiation off-aroma was intense with vacuum packaging. Raw meats from dietary treatments containing CLA (CLA, VE + CLA, Se + CLA, VE + Se + CLA) had greater turkey aroma scores, whereas those containing VE (VE and VE + Se) had lower scores than the control. Dietary treatments containing VE (VE, VE + Se, VE + Se + CLA) significantly lowered (P < 0.05) irradiation off-aroma in raw turkey breast meat, whereas CLA increased it, especially when the meats were packaged aerobically. In cooked meat, however, irradiation and packaging had no effect on turkey meat aroma and irradiation off-aroma. Cooked meat from turkeys supplemented with VE (VE and VE + Se) had less (P < 0.05) irradiation off-odor than other dietary treatments. Dietary CLA increased the irradiation off-aroma in cooked meat, which could not be reduced, even when VE and Se were combined in the diet. Irradiation off-aroma of raw meat was not pleasant for most consumers, and dietary supplementation of VE and VE + Se improved consumer acceptance of irradiated raw meat. For cooked meat samples, consumers preferred both color and flavor of irradiated meat to nonirradiated meat.
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Herzog W, Lee EJ, Rassier DE. Residual force enhancement in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2006; 574:635-42. [PMID: 16709641 PMCID: PMC1817744 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual force enhancement has been observed consistently in skeletal muscles following active stretching. However, its underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive, and it cannot be explained readily within the framework of the cross-bridge theory. Traditionally, residual force enhancement has been attributed to the development of sarcomere length non-uniformities. However, recent evidence suggests that this might not be the case. Rather, it appears that residual force enhancement has an active and a passive component. The active component is tentatively associated with changes in the cross-bridge kinetics that might be reflected in decreased detachment rates following active muscle stretching, while the passive component possibly originates from a structural protein, such as titin, whose stiffness might be regulated by calcium.
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Kim MS, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Hoang IN, Oh WM, Koh JT, Park HO, Jeong JY, Kim WJ, Lee EJ, Koh JY, Kim BY, Jensen RH. Characterization of the TSU-PR1 cell line by chromosome painting and flow cytometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 163:17-22. [PMID: 16271951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
TSU-PR1 was originally reported as a prostatic carcinoma cell line derived from a lymph node metastasis. Recently, however, this cell line was reported to be derived from T24 bladder carcinoma cells, and thus further definition of its origin is needed. Conventional cytogenetic study of TSU-PR1 showed aneuploidy, ranging from 65 to 86 chromosome with a modal number of 80, and with 10 marker chromosomes, thus conventional cytogenetics cannot be used to determine which chromosomes or regions of chromosomes are critical in cancer development and progression of this cell line. The present study was conducted to characterize genetic changes of the cell line using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and flow cytometry. CGH results showed that green-to-red fluorescence ratios were within the range of 0.85-1.15, except for a few chromosomes, which reflected near tetraploidy in TSU-PR1. Flow cytometric analysis of TSU-PR1 revealed a DNA index of 3.46n, which is close to the 3.48n calculated from a modal number of 80. The copy numbers of chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 17, and 20 determined by the DNA index and the CGH analyses were 2.85 +/- 0.09, 3.22 +/- 0.77, 3.01 +/- 0.26, 4.05 +/- 0.44, and 4.99 +/- 0.48, respectively. These numbers are also in accordance with the chromosome copy numbers determined with FISH: 2.98 +/- 0.23, 2.91 +/- 0.44, 2.74 +/- 0.44, 3.93 +/- 0.38, and 5.05 +/- 0.78 for chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 17, and 20, respectively (P > 0.05).
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Min BR, Nam KC, Lee EJ, Ko GY, Trampel DW, Ahn DU. Effect of irradiating shell eggs on quality attributes and functional properties of yolk and white. Poult Sci 2005; 84:1791-6. [PMID: 16463979 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.11.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shell eggs were irradiated and the physico-chemical, and functional properties of egg yolk and white were determined. The color of egg yolk was not affected, but the viscosity of egg white was dramatically lowered and became watery by irradiation. The foam capacity and foam stability of egg white were significantly decreased due to protein oxidation by irradiation. However, the texture characteristics of egg white were not changed by irradiation, indicating that irradiation may not alter the thermal characteristics of egg white proteins. Sulfur volatiles were generated by irradiation but disappeared during storage under aerobic conditions. Because egg white became watery, irradiation may not be advisable for table eggs but may be useful for pasteurizing liquid egg white or liquid whole egg without significant deterioration of their quality and functionality. In particular, the dramatic decrease in the viscosity of egg white by irradiation will improve flow of liquid egg white or liquid whole egg, which could be highly useful for egg processing.
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Doyle E, Mavrikakis I, Lee EJ, Emerson R, Rainey AJ, Brittain GP. Type IV hypersensitivity reactions to upper lid gold weight implants-is patch testing necessary? Orbit 2005; 24:205-10. [PMID: 16169808 DOI: 10.1080/01676830590930706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To report two cases of allergic reaction to upper lid gold weight implants in patients with facial nerve palsy and to identify the use of pre-implantation patch testing in predicting gold hypersensitivity. METHODS One patient who had a positive family history of gold allergy and had undergone previous gold dental restoration underwent patch testing with gold sodium thiosulphate. The gold weight from the same patient was analysed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, which can detect surface impurities. Tissue obtained during surgery to remove the gold weight from the second patient was examined histologically. RESULTS Patch testing in the first patient gave a positive result. Analysis of the gold weight removed from the same patient confirmed 99.99% purity, and hence sensitivity to the gold itself was considered to be the cause of the inflammatory reaction. Histology of tissue taken from the eyelid of the second patient was consistent with type IV hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION A personal and family history of gold allergy should be looked for before upper eyelid gold weight implantation. Patch testing should be performed for patients where there is doubt about whether gold has been the specific cause of previous allergic reactions, for patients who have undergone previous dental restoration involving gold, or if there is a positive family history of gold allergy.
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Zhu MJ, Mendonca A, Ismail HA, Du M, Lee EJ, Ahn DU. Impact of antimicrobial ingredients and irradiation on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes and the quality of ready-to-eat turkey ham. Poult Sci 2005; 84:613-20. [PMID: 15844819 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.4.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation is an effective technology in eliminating Listeria monocytogenes, but it induces quality changes in meat products at or above specific radiation doses. To minimize irradiation-induced quality changes, only low irradiation doses are recommended. However, low-dose irradiation provides a chance for some pathogens to survive and proliferate during prolonged storage. To solve this problem, antimicrobial ingredients [2% sodium lactate (SL), 0.1% sodium diacetate (SDA), 0.1% potassium benzoate (PB)] and low-dose irradiation were combined and tested for their effects on the growth of L. monocytogenes and meat quality. The log10 reductions of L. monocytogenes in hams following exposure to 1.0 to 2.5 kGy of irradiation ranged from 2.0 to 5.0. The D10 values were 0.52 kGy for control ham or ham with PB, SL, or PB + SL; 0.49 kGy for ham with SL+SDA; and 0.48 kGy for ham with PB + SL + SDA (PSS). Addition of SL + SDA or PB + SL in combination with 1.0 kGy of irradiation was effective in suppressing the growth of L. monocytogenes for about 6 wk when stored at 4 degrees C, whereas 2.0 kGy of irradiation was listeriostatic. Ham irradiated with 1 kGy in combination with PSS was listeriostatic throughout storage. SL increased firmness of turkey hams, and sensory panelists noted that the saltiness was a little higher in products containing SL, but its overall impact on quality was minimal. Amounts of benzene were detected in irradiated hams with PB, showing PB was not fit as an antimicrobial ingredient for irradiated foods. In conclusion, 2% SL and 0.1% SDA in combination with low-dose irradiation were effective in ensuring the safety of ready-to-eat meat products against L. monocytogenes.
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Lee EJ, Goh KI, Kahng B, Kim D. Robustness of the avalanche dynamics in data-packet transport on scale-free networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:056108. [PMID: 16089603 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.056108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the avalanche dynamics in the data-packet transport on scale-free networks through a simple model. In the model, each vertex is assigned a capacity proportional to the load with the proportionality constant 1+a . When the system is perturbed by a single vertex removal, the load of each vertex is redistributed, followed by subsequent failures of overloaded vertices. The avalanche size depends on the parameter a as well as which vertex triggers it. We find that there exists a critical value a(c) at which the avalanche size distribution follows a power law. The critical exponent associated with it appears to be robust as long as the degree exponent is between 2 and 3 and is close in value to that of the distribution of the diameter changes by single vertex removal.
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