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Quirk M, Ponrartana S, Jackson H, Zeinati C. Pediatric thyroid nodules: role of the pediatric interventional radiologist and review of a pediatric specific entity. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Stewart TM, Plasencia M, Han H, Jackson H, Becker CB. Moderators and Predictors of Response to Eating Disorder Risk Factor Reduction Programs in Collegiate Female Athletes. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2014; 15:713-720. [PMID: 25400505 PMCID: PMC4228963 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this paper was to investigate moderators and predictors of response to two programs designed to reduce eating disorder risk factors in collegiate female athletes. This study served as an ancillary study to a parent trial that investigated the feasibility of an athlete modified cognitive dissonance-based program (AM-DBP) and an athlete modified healthy weight intervention program (AM-HWI). DESIGN 157 female collegiate athletes were randomized to either the AM-DBP or the AM-HWI program. Participants completed surveys at baseline, post-intervention, 6 weeks, and 1 year. METHODS After classifying sports as either lean or non-lean, we investigated if sport type acted as a moderator of program response to AM-DBP and AM-HWI using ANOVAs. Next, we examined whether baseline thin-ideal internalization, weight concern, shape concern, bulimic pathology, dietary restraint, and negative affect acted as predictors of changes in bulimic pathology using linear regression models. RESULTS Athletes in non-lean sports who received AM-DBP showed more improvement in negative affect versus non-lean sport athletes in AM-HWI. Higher baseline scores of bulimic pathology predicted greater response in bulimic pathology to both programs at 6-weeks. In contrast, athletes with higher dietary restraint and negative affect baseline scores showed decreased response to both interventions at 6-weeks. Finally, athletes with higher baseline shape concern showed a decreased response to the AM-HWI intervention at the post intervention time point. CONCLUSION Results from the present study indicate that lean/non-lean sport may not play a strong role in determining response to efficacious programs. Further, factors such as pre-existing bulimic pathology, dietary restraint, negative affect, and shape concern may affect general response to intervention versus specific responses to specific interventions.
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Krahn A, Jackson H, Macfarlane A, Wagner B, Tang A. A CANADIAN CARDIAC RATE BOOK: CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE IMPLANTS (2006 to 2012). Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Bennett M, Ayers D, Ding L, Jackson H, Krahn A. THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE IN LONGEVITY OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEfiBRILLATORS BETWEEN MANUFACTURERS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Bennett M, Ayers D, Ding L, Jackson H, Krahn A. LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR IMPLANTATION: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Huber GM, Blok HP, Butuceanu C, Gaskell D, Horn T, Mack DJ, Abbott D, Aniol K, Anklin H, Armstrong C, Arrington J, Assamagan K, Avery S, Baker OK, Barrett B, Beise EJ, Bochna C, Boeglin W, Brash EJ, Breuer H, Chang CC, Chant N, Christy ME, Dunne J, Eden T, Ent R, Fenker H, Gibson EF, Gilman R, Gustafsson K, Hinton W, Holt RJ, Jackson H, Jin S, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Kim PH, Kim W, King PM, Klein A, Koltenuk D, Kovaltchouk V, Liang M, Liu J, Lolos GJ, Lung A, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Matsumura A, McKee D, Meekins D, Mitchell J, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Okayasu Y, Pentchev L, Perdrisat C, Pitz D, Potterveld D, Punjabi V, Qin LM, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Roche J, Roos PG, Sarty A, Shin IK, Smith GR, Stepanyan S, Tang LG, Tadevosyan V, Tvaskis V, van der Meer RLJ, Vansyoc K, Van Westrum D, Vidakovic S, Volmer J, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wood SA, Xu C, Yan C, Zhao WX, Zheng X, Zihlmann B. Separated response function ratios in exclusive, forward π(±) electroproduction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:182501. [PMID: 24856691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of exclusive π(±) electroproduction on the nucleon, including separation of the various structure functions, is of interest for a number of reasons. The ratio RL=σL(π-)/σL(π+) is sensitive to isoscalar contamination to the dominant isovector pion exchange amplitude, which is the basis for the determination of the charged pion form factor from electroproduction data. A change in the value of RT=σT(π-)/σT(π+) from unity at small -t, to 1/4 at large -t, would suggest a transition from coupling to a (virtual) pion to coupling to individual quarks. Furthermore, the mentioned ratios may show an earlier approach to perturbative QCD than the individual cross sections. We have performed the first complete separation of the four unpolarized electromagnetic structure functions above the dominant resonances in forward, exclusive π(±) electroproduction on the deuteron at central Q(2) values of 0.6, 1.0, 1.6 GeV(2) at W=1.95 GeV, and Q(2)=2.45 GeV(2) at W=2.22 GeV. Here, we present the L and T cross sections, with emphasis on RL and RT, and compare them with theoretical calculations. Results for the separated ratio RL indicate dominance of the pion-pole diagram at low -t, while results for RT are consistent with a transition between pion knockout and quark knockout mechanisms.
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Naylor HL, Jackson H, Walker GH, Macafee S, Magee K, Hooper L, Stewart L, MacLaughlin HL. British Dietetic Association evidence-based guidelines for the protein requirements of adults undergoing maintenance haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 26:315-28. [PMID: 23731266 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing nutritional guidelines suggest that protein requirements of adults with stage five chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) are increased as a result of protein losses during dialysis. The present review aimed to update previous guidance and develop evidence-based practice guidelines on the protein requirements of adults undergoing maintenance dialysis. METHODS Following a PICO approach (Participants or Population, Intervention or Exposure, Comparison and Outcome), four research questions were formulated to investigate the total protein requirement and protein quality required by adults undergoing HD and PD. A comprehensive, systematic review was undertaken using the databases Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from 2005 to September 2009 for HD studies and from 1997 to September 2009 for PD studies. RESULTS The literature search yielded 2931 studies, which were assessed for inclusion. Following appraisal, 19 studies in HD and 18 studies in PD met the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. Limited good quality evidence supports the recommendations that: (i) adults undergoing maintenance HD require a minimum protein intake of 1.1 g kg(-1) ideal body weight (IBW) per day; and (ii) adults undergoing maintenance PD require a minimum protein intake of 1.0-1.2 kg(-1) IBW per day, in conjunction with an adequate energy intake. There were no studies that addressed the quality of protein for either HD or PD. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that nutritional status may be maintained with lower protein intakes than previously recommended. However, the evidence base is limited and further randomised controlled trials are required to establish the optimal protein intake for dialysis patients.
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Klein O, Davis ID, McArthur GA, Haydon AM, Parente P, Dimopoulos N, Jackson H, Maraskovsky E, Hopkins W, Stan R, Chen W, Cebon JS. Evaluation of cyclophosphamide as an immune enhancer for the NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX vaccine in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3093^ Background: We have previously demonstrated potent immunogenicity of the NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX vaccine in patients with resected melanoma; however the same vaccine induced only a few vaccine antigen specific immune responses in patients with advanced disease. Therefore, we have enrolled a second cohort of patients with advanced melanoma in the clinical trial LUD2002-013 to investigate whether pre-treatment with the immune-modulator cyclophosphamide could improve the immunogenicity of the NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX vaccine. Methods: LUD2002-013 was an open-label phase II study intended to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX vaccine in patients with advanced melanoma. The first cohort of patients received vaccine alone; a second cohort with 19 patients was added after evaluation of responses in Cohort 1 and received vaccine in combination with low-dose cyclophosphamide. Patients received 3 injections of NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX preceded, in Cohort 2, by cyclophosphamide at a dose of 300 mg/m2 every four weeks. Assessment of clinical and immunological responses was undertaken at week 11. Results: Fifteen patients of Cohort 2 completed at least one cycle of vaccination. No objective responses were observed with three patients having stable disease for more than three months. The inclusion of cyclophosphamide into the vaccination protocol did not lead to any significant toxicity. Seven of fourteen patients in Cohort 2 developed a vaccine induced NY-ESO-1 specific CD4 T cell response, a significant increase compared to cohort 1 (p=0.019). No differences were observed in the frequency of vaccine induced antibody or CD8 T cell responses. No change in the frequency of peripheral blood regulatory T cells or myeloid derived suppressor cells was detected. Conclusions: The administration of low dose cyclophosphamide has significantly increased the NY-ESO-1 specific CD4 T cell response of the NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX vaccine in patients with metastatic melanoma. Given the emerging importance of CD4 T cells in tumour regression, the present findings warrant further clinical exploration of combining cyclophosphamide with vaccines and other immune-modulatory agents. Clinical trial information: NCT00518206.
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Fisher K, Paxton R, Jackson H, Noble S, Thomsett K, Reynolds S, Hart K, Engel B. Comparison of screening tools in patients undergoing haemodialysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01175_8.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Matthay KK, Weiss BD, Villablanca J, Maris JM, Yanik GA, Groshen SG, Jackson H, Hawkins R, Goodarzian F, Panigrahy A, DuBois SG, Stubbs J, Towbin A, Barrett JA, LaFrance ND, Babich JW. Dosimetry, toxicity, and response in a phase IIa trial of no-carrier added iobenguane I-131 (nca-MIBG): A New Approach to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.9512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kelly PJ, Baker GA, van den Broek MD, Jackson H, Humphries G. The detection of malingering in memory performance: The sensitivity and specificity of four measures in a UK population. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 44:333-41. [PMID: 16252435 DOI: 10.1348/014466505x35687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the validity of a clinical neuropsychological battery for the detection of malingering on tests of memory. METHODS A simulated scenario design was developed to investigate the effectiveness of a battery of four neuropsychological tests in the detection of malingering; the Coin in the Hand Test (CIH), Autobiographical Memory Index (AMI), Rey I 5-Item Test (RIT),and the Wechsler Mental Control Test (MCT). The performances of patients with an acquired brain injury (N = 40) were compared with two groups of controls instructed either to simulate a head injury performance (N = 40) or do their best (N = 40). RESULTS The CIH and MCT demonstrated good validity and displayed high sensitivity and specificity. The RIT and the AMI was relatively poor in distinguishing between simulators and patients. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity and specificity of all four tests to the detection of malingering has been assessed. Two of the tests the CIH and MCT would be useful as a quick and accurate screening tool for detecting malingering.
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Cebon J, Knights A, Ebert L, Jackson H, Chen W. Evaluation of cellular immune responses in cancer vaccine recipients: lessons from NY-ESO-1. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:617-29. [PMID: 20518717 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The rigorous evaluation of cancer vaccination requires evidence of benefit to patients with cancer or those at risk of relapse from the disease. Clinical trials are expensive and require considerable human and clinical resources in order to demonstrate this benefit. In the era of defined cancer antigens, it is possible to evaluate immunogenic targets, and assess the quality and magnitude of immune responses against these antigens following vaccination. Analyzing these surrogate end points complements clinical assessment and provides a depth of understanding to better inform trial evaluation and design. We have used the immunogenic cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 as a model antigen. This article summarizes our experience in monitoring immunity against NY-ESO-1.
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Jackson H, Parker F, Glover EC. STUDIES OF DISEASES OF THE LYMPHOID AND MYELOID TISSUES. I : THE CHEMICAL METABOLISM OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL LYMPH NODES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 52:547-60. [PMID: 19869787 PMCID: PMC2131896 DOI: 10.1084/jem.52.4.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
From a study of the metabolism of 71 lymph nodes and tumors one may conclude: 1. The nature of a tumor can not be predicted from the metabolism because too much overlapping of metabolic rates exists between the pathological groups. 2. There is no evidence metabolically one way or another as to whether malignant lymphomata of any type should be classed as neoplastic or as infectious processes. 3. The degree of cell differentiation can in most cases be foretold by the percentage difference between the aerobic and the anaerobic glycolysis. The greater the differentiation the greater the percentage difference. Sarcomata in general constitute an exception to this rule. 4. The degree of malignancy in carcinoma, but not in other tumors, can, with certain exceptions, be predicted from the height of the value U. 5. Human sarcomata appear to have a metabolism far more closely comparable to that of benign tumors than to that of carcinomata. They do not behave as malignant tumors under the Warburg classification. Their energy requirements are not of the same order as those of carcinoma. 6. One can not from the value U or from the glycolytic rates predict whether or not a tissue should be classed as neoplastic. 7. Warburg's findings for carcinomata are confirmed and amplified.
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Rossit S, Muir K, Reeves I, Duncan G, Livingstone K, Jackson H, Castle P, Harvey M. Non-lateralized impairments in anti- but not pro-pointing in patients with hemispatial neglect. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Harvey M, Muir K, Reeves I, Duncan G, Livingstone K, Jackson H, Castle P, Rossit S. Pointing and bisection in open and closed loop reaching in patients with hemispatial neglect. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Robinson J, Harris MG, Harrigan SM, Henry LP, Farrelly S, Prosser A, Schwartz O, Jackson H, McGorry PD. Suicide attempt in first-episode psychosis: a 7.4 year follow-up study. Schizophr Res 2010; 116:1-8. [PMID: 19864115 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with first-episode psychosis demonstrate high rates of suicide attempt (SA). AIMS 1) To examine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, SA in a first-episode psychosis (FEP) cohort over a 7.4 year follow-up period. 2) To investigate differences between single versus multiple suicide attempters. METHODS This study reports baseline and follow-up data from a naturalistic, prospective follow-up of 413 FEP patients treated at a specialist early psychosis centre. Assessments were conducted at treatment entry, initial symptom remission or stabilization, and long term follow-up. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess unadjusted and adjusted associations between early illness and sociodemographic characteristics and two outcome measures: any SA during follow-up; and multiple SAs. RESULTS Follow-up data were available for 282 participants. Sixty-one (21.6%) made a suicide attempt over the follow-up period, including 12 successful suicides. The following baseline risk factors increased the risk of any SA: history of self-harm (OR=4.27; p<0.001), suicidal tendencies (OR=2.30; p=0.022), being depressed for >50% of the initial psychotic episode (OR=2.49; p=0.045), and hopelessness (OR=2.03; p=0.030). History of problem alcohol use increased the risk of multiple SAs (OR=4.43; 95% CI (1.05-18.7); p=0.043). DISCUSSION The prevalence of suicide attempt in this study exceeds reports from short-term FEP studies but is comparable to longer term follow-up studies, indicating that risk remains elevated for at least 7 years following commencement of treatment. The key predictor of future suicide attempt was previous self-harm, indicating that interventions for self-harm are required.
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Craft A, Jackson H. George Frederic Still. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94:915. [PMID: 19847009 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2009.161224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jackson H, James RM. Metabolic studies with certain ethyleneimine derivatives in relation to diuresis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 2009; 25:223-7. [PMID: 19108202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1965.tb01776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rooney FR, Jackson H. Antifertility activity of alkyl esters of nitro- and acetamido-benzenesulphonic acids. Andrologia 2009; 6:263-8. [PMID: 4440884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1974.tb01213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Nicholaou T, Ebert LM, Davis ID, McArthur GA, Jackson H, Dimopoulos N, Tan B, Maraskovsky E, Miloradovic L, Hopkins W, Pan L, Venhaus R, Hoffman EW, Chen W, Cebon J. Regulatory T-cell-mediated attenuation of T-cell responses to the NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX vaccine in patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:2166-73. [PMID: 19276262 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE NY-ESO-1 is a highly immunogenic antigen expressed in a variety of malignancies, making it an excellent target for cancer vaccination. We recently developed a vaccine consisting of full-length recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein formulated with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant, which generated strong humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses and seemed to reduce the risk of disease relapse in patients with fully resected melanoma. This study examines the clinical and immunologic efficacy of the same vaccine in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, circulating NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and proportions of regulatory T cells (Treg) were assessed in patients. RESULTS In contrast to patients with minimal residual disease, advanced melanoma patients showed no clinical responses to vaccination. Although strong antibody responses were mounted, the generation of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses was significantly impaired. The proportion of patients with circulating NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T cells was also reduced, and although many patients had CD8(+) T cells specific to a broad range of NY-ESO-1 epitopes, the majority of these responses were preexisting. Tregs were enumerated in the blood by flow cytometric detection of cells with a CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-) phenotype. Patients with advanced melanoma had a significantly higher proportion of circulating Treg compared with those with minimal residual disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to a tumor-induced systemic immune suppression, showing a clear association between the stage of melanoma progression, the number of Treg in the blood, and the clinical and immunologic efficacy of the NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX cancer vaccine.
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Rossit S, Malhotra P, Muir K, Reeves I, Duncan G, Livingstone K, Jackson H, Hogg C, Castle P, Learmonth G, Harvey M. No Neglect-Specific Deficits in Reaching Tasks. Cereb Cortex 2009; 19:2616-24. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Roth A, Jackson H, Accili E. Evolution of Mammalian HCN Channels - Positive Darwinian Selection Identified at the Molecular Level. Biophys J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Pang G, Andrews W, Clarkson C, Dwyer J, Holyday M, Jackson H, Kepreotes H, Lambert K, Paton M, Robertson K, Scott B, Stradling E, Talbot P, Wagner S, Ward K. Home enteral nutrition patients in NSW: Results from a one month audit of new and existing HEN patients from NSW public healthcare facilities. Nutrition 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pang G, Andrews W, Clarkson C, Dwyer J, Holyday M, Jackson H, Kepreotes H, Lambert K, Paton M, Robertson K, Scott B, Stradling E, Talbot P, Wagner S, Ward K. Establishing a NSW HEN registry. Nutrition 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Watts AG, Hawthorn R, Hoffbrand J, Jackson H, Spurling A. Developing local lifelong guidance strategies. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/03069889708253803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Williams N, Bertoncello I, Jackson H, Arnold J, Kavnoudias H. The role of interleukin 6 in megakaryocyte formation, megakaryocyte development and platelet production. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 167:160-70; discussion 170-3. [PMID: 1425011 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514269.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytopoiesis is the cellular amplification and differentiation of precursors into immature megakaryocytes, and the cytoplasmic maturation of these megakaryocytes, a process terminating in the release of platelets into the circulation. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis in the bone marrow, increasing platelet numbers in the circulation. IL-6 alone is poorly active on the growth of stem cell populations, but acts in synergy with stem cell factor (c-kit ligand) to expand the committed myeloid progenitor compartments but not the megakaryocyte progenitors. IL-6 has a direct action on megakaryocyte progenitors but only in synergy with low doses of interleukin 3 (IL-3), increasing the number of immature megakaryocytes and enhancing the processes of development into mature megakaryocytes. IL-6 is about 10 times more active on megakaryocytes than on megakaryocyte progenitors in cell culture. It is active alone and will stimulate increases in cell size and DNA content. IL-6 does not appear to stimulate the process of platelet release. IL-6 is found in bone marrow, in both macrophage subsets and megakaryocytes, indicating that it may be an important physiological regulator of both paracrinal (microenvironmental) and autocrinal mechanisms controlling megakaryocyte development in bone marrow.
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Jackson H, Dickerson D, Gunther A. THE REDUCTION OF INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE IN CEREBRAL INJURY BY THE INTRAVENOUS USE OF HYPERTONIC SUCROSE SOLUTION. Ann Surg 2007; 106:161-8. [PMID: 17857026 PMCID: PMC1390491 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-193708000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Farrelly S, Harris MG, Henry LP, Purcell R, Prosser A, Schwartz O, Jackson H, McGorry PD. Prevalence and correlates of comorbidity 8 years after a first psychotic episode. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007; 116:62-70. [PMID: 17559602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While rates and correlates of comorbidity have been investigated in the early course of psychosis, little is known about comorbidity in the medium-to-longer term or its relationship with outcome. METHOD A total of 182 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients who met DSM-IV criteria for a current psychotic disorder 8 years after index presentation were grouped according to concurrent comorbidity [no concurrent axis I disorder; concurrent substance use disorder (SUD); other concurrent axis I disorder; concurrent SUD and other axis I disorder]. Outcomes were compared between groups controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS As much as 39% met criteria for one or more concurrent axis 1 diagnoses. Comorbidity was associated with greater severity of general psychopathology, but not with measures of functioning, treatment or negative symptoms. CONCLUSION Specific combinations of comorbid disorders may influence patterns of psychotic symptomatology. Routine examination of axis I disorders is warranted in the ongoing management of psychosis.
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Jackson H, Muhammad O, Daneshvar H, Nelms J, Popescu A, Vogelbaum MA, Bruchez M, Toms SA. Quantum dots are phagocytized by macrophages and colocalize with experimental gliomas. Neurosurgery 2007; 60:524-9; discussion 529-30. [PMID: 17327798 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000255334.95532.dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification of neoplastic tissue within normal brain during biopsy and tumor resection remains a problem in the operative management of gliomas. A variety of nanoparticles are phagocytized by macrophages in vivo. This feature may allow optical nanoparticles, such as quantum dots, to colocalize with brain tumors and serve as an optical aid in the surgical resection or biopsy of brain tumors. METHODS Male Fisher rats (Charles River Labs, Wilmington, MA) were implanted intracranially with C6 gliosarcoma cell lines to establish tumors. Two weeks after the implantation of tumors, 705-nm emission Qdot ITK Amino(PEG) Quantum Dots (Quantum Dot Corp., Hayward, CA) were injected via the tail vein at doses of 3 to 17 nmol. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the injection of quantum dots and their tissues were examined. RESULTS Quantum dots are avidly phagocytized by macrophages and are taken up by the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. A dose-response relationship was noted. At low doses, the majority of the quantum dots are sequestered in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. At higher doses, increasing quantities of quantum dots are noted within the experimental brain tumors. Macrophages and microglia colocalize with glioma cells, carrying the quantum dot and thereby optically outlining the tumor. Excitation with blue or ultraviolet wavelengths stimulates the quantum dots, which give off a deep red fluorescence detectable with charge-coupled device cameras, optical spectroscopy units, and in dark-field fluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSION Quantum dots are optical nanoparticles that, when delivered in nanomole doses, are phagocytized by the macrophages and microglia that infiltrate experimental gliomas. The optical signal may be detected, allowing for improved identification and visualization of tumors, potentially augmenting brain tumor biopsy and resection.
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Davis ID, Chen Q, Morris L, Quirk J, Stanley M, Tavarnesi ML, Parente P, Cavicchiolo T, Hopkins W, Jackson H, Dimopoulos N, Tai TY, MacGregor D, Browning J, Svobodova S, Caron D, Maraskovsky E, Old LJ, Chen W, Cebon J. Blood Dendritic Cells Generated With Flt3 Ligand and CD40 Ligand Prime CD8+ T Cells Efficiently in Cancer Patients. J Immunother 2006; 29:499-511. [PMID: 16971806 DOI: 10.1097/01.cji.0000211299.29632.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Flt3 ligand mobilizes dendritic cells (DCs) into blood, allowing generation in vivo of large numbers of DCs for immunotherapy. These immature DCs can be rapidly activated by soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L). We developed a novel overnight method using these cytokines to produce DCs for cancer immunotherapy. Flt3 ligand-mobilized DCs (FLDCs) were isolated, activated with CD40L, loaded with antigenic peptides from influenza matrix protein, hepatitis B core antigen, NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4, and MAGE-A10, and injected into patients with resected melanoma. Three injections were given at 4-week intervals. Study end points included antigen-specific immune responses (skin reactions to peptides alone or peptide-pulsed FLDCs; circulating T-cell responses), safety, and toxicity. No patient had a measurable tumor. Six patients were entered. FLDCs were obtained, enriched, and cultured under Good Manufacturing Practice grade conditions. Overnight culture with soluble CD40L caused marked up-regulation of activation markers (CD83 and HLA-DR). These FLDCs were functional and able to stimulate antigen-specific T cells in vitro. No significant adverse events were attributable to FLDCs. Peptide-pulsed FLDCs caused strong local skin reactions up to 60 mm diameter with intense perivascular infiltration of T cells, exceeding those seen in our previous peptide-based protocols. Antigen-specific blood T-cell responses were induced, including responses to an antigen for which the patients were naive (hepatitis B core antigen) and MAGE-A10. MAGE-A10-specific T cells with a skewed T-cell receptor repertoire were detected in 1 patient in blood ex vivo and from tumor biopsies. Vaccination with FLDCs pulsed with peptides is safe and primes immune responses to cancer antigens.
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Lu Q, Harrington EO, Jackson H, Morin N, Shannon C, Rounds S. Transforming growth factor-β1-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction involves Smad2-dependent p38 activation and subsequent RhoA activation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 101:375-84. [PMID: 16645187 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01515.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung edema due to increased vascular permeability is a hallmark of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Both p38 and RhoA signaling events are involved in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-increased endothelial permeability; however, the mechanism by which these pathways cooperate is not clear. In this study, we hypothesized that TGF-β1-induced changes in endothelial monolayer permeability and in p38 and RhoA activation are dependent on Smad2 signaling. We assessed the role of Smad2 in p38 activation and the role of p38 in RhoA activation by TGF-β1. We found that TGF-β1caused Smad2 phosphorylation between 0.5 and 1 h of exposure in endothelial cells. Knockdown of Smad2 protein prevented TGF-β1-induced p38 activation and endothelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, TGF-β1-enhanced RhoA activation was dependent on p38 activation. Inhibition of the RhoA-Rho kinase signaling pathway blunted TGF-β1-induced adherens junction disruption and focal adhesion complex formation. In addition, depletion of heat shock protein 27, a downstream signaling molecule of p38, did not prevent TGF-β1-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Finally, inhibition of de novo protein expression blunted TGF-β1-induced RhoA activation and endothelial barrier dysfunction. Our data indicate that TGF-β1induces endothelial barrier dysfunction involving Smad2-dependent p38 activation, resulting in RhoA activation by possible transcriptional regulation.
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Jackson H, McAuliffe CA, Perera A, Sharma HL, Tinker NJ. An improved synthetic procedure for the preparation of 195mPt labelled anti-tumour complexes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580291004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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84
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Money C, Bailey S, Smith M, Hay A, Hudspith B, Tolley D, Dobbie J, Jackson H. Evaluation of the Utility and Reliability of COSHH Essentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 50:642-3; author reply 643-4. [PMID: 16844718 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mel044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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85
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Sivaprasad S, Saleh GM, Jackson H. Does lesion size determine the success rate of photodynamic therapy for age-related macular degeneration? Eye (Lond) 2006; 20:43-5. [PMID: 15832188 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new evidence-based treatment modality available for choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Eligibility for PDT is based on the morphological classification of the neovascular complex, the benefit being greater in classic with no occult lesions. Lesion size is also shown to be a predictive factor for treatment benefit. This retrospective case series looked at effect of initial and final lesion size on the visual outcome of patients with subfoveal classic with no occult CNV and found that increasing initial and final lesion size is associated with poorer visual outcome.
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Jackson H. The oxidation of catechol and 1:2:4-trihydroxybenzene by polyphenol oxidase. Biochem J 2006; 33:1452-9. [PMID: 16747053 PMCID: PMC1264595 DOI: 10.1042/bj0331452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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87
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Heilbron IM, Jackson H, Jones RN. The lipochromes of sea anemones: Carotenoid pigments of Actinia equina, Anemonia sulcata, Actinoloba dianthus and Tealia felina. Biochem J 2006; 29:1384-8. [PMID: 16745804 PMCID: PMC1266640 DOI: 10.1042/bj0291384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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88
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Jackson H, Kendal LP. The oxidation of catechol and homocatechol by tyrosinase in the presence of amino-acids. Biochem J 2006; 44:477-87. [PMID: 16748549 PMCID: PMC1274893 DOI: 10.1042/bj0440477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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89
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Burkhardt GN, Heilbron IM, Jackson H, Parry EG. Pigmented marine animal oils: Pigments from the angler fish (Lophius piscatorius), the prawn (Nephrops norvegicus) and the whale. Biochem J 2006; 28:1698-701. [PMID: 16745566 PMCID: PMC1253391 DOI: 10.1042/bj0281698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jackson H, Klein L, Wilkinson JF. The iron and copper contents and the haemopoietic activities of stomach and liver preparations. Biochem J 2006; 29:330-7. [PMID: 16745674 PMCID: PMC1266492 DOI: 10.1042/bj0290330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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91
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Jackson H, Moore OJ. THE EFFECT OF HIGH PROTEIN DIETS ON THE REMAINING KIDNEY OF RATS. J Clin Invest 2006; 5:415-25. [PMID: 16693802 PMCID: PMC434720 DOI: 10.1172/jci100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jackson H, Dimopoulos N, Mifsud NA, Tai TY, Chen Q, Svobodova S, Browning J, Luescher I, Stockert L, Old LJ, Davis ID, Cebon J, Chen W. Striking Immunodominance Hierarchy of Naturally Occurring CD8+ and CD4+ T Cell Responses to Tumor Antigen NY-ESO-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:5908-17. [PMID: 16670298 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.10.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunodominance has been well-demonstrated in many antiviral and antibacterial systems, but much less so in the setting of immune responses against cancer. Tumor Ag-specific CD8+ T cells keep cancer cells in check via immunosurveillance and shape tumor development through immunoediting. Because most tumor Ags are self Ags, the breadth and depth of antitumor immune responses have not been well-appreciated. To design and develop antitumor vaccines, it is important to understand the immunodominance hierarchy and its underlying mechanisms, and to identify the most immunodominant tumor Ag-specific T cells. We have comprehensively analyzed spontaneous cellular immune responses of one individual and show that multiple tumor Ags are targeted by the patient's immune system, especially the "cancer-testis" tumor Ag NY-ESO-1. The pattern of anti-NY-ESO-1 T cell responses in this patient closely resembles the classical broad yet hierarchical antiviral immunity and was confirmed in a second subject.
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Choudhary G, Jackson H, Koutab N, Harrington EO. Systemic and Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells (EC) Respond Differently to Hypoxia. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a751-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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94
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Sivaprasad S, Jackson H. Blood pressure control in type II diabetics with diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2006; 21:708-11. [PMID: 16498430 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large clinical trials have emphasized that blood pressure control provides a major clinical benefit in reducing the risk of blindness in patients with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS This audit was carried out to assess the quality of care for hypertension in 100 consecutive type II diabetics with diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS The target blood pressure of 140/80 mmHg was achieved only in 38% of the patients. We also observed that 65% of the patients requiring diabetic macular laser treatment in this cohort had suboptimal control. The factors associated with suboptimal blood pressure control are identified and discussed. CONCLUSION Despite the unequivocal fact that lowering BP significantly reduces morbidity and mortality in diabetics, the majority of patients are not treated to a goal BP.
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Sivaprasad S, Hammond CJ, Jackson H. Photodynamic therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond) 2005; 19:1027-8. [PMID: 15467697 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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96
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Sivaprasad S, Membrey WL, Sivagnanavel V, Gonzalez JG, Liu DTL, Chan WM, Lam DSC, Jackson H, Chong NV. Second eye of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Caucasians vs Chinese. Eye (Lond) 2005; 20:923-6. [PMID: 16123783 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between morphological features of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the first eye and the severity of age-related maculopathy (ARM) in the fellow eyes in two racial groups: Caucasians and Chinese. PARTICIPANTS A total of 135, fluorescein angiograms of patients with unilateral neovascular AMD and ARM in the fellow eyes were included in the study: 38 Caucasians from King's College Hospital, UK; 45 Caucasians from West Kent Eye Centre, UK; 52 Chinese from Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CNV subtype in the affected eye and ARM severity in the second eyes. RESULTS Although the proportion of CNV subtypes in the three groups were similar, the Chinese cohort showed significantly less ARM severity compared to the Caucasian cohorts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although drusen and retinal pigmentary changes may be prognostic indicators of CNV, this study suggest that other factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of CNV in AMD.
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Chen Q, Jackson H, Shackleton M, Parente P, Hopkins W, Sturrock S, MacGregor D, Maraskovsky E, Tai TY, Dimopoulos N, Masterman KA, Luke T, Davis ID, Chen W, Cebon J. Characterization of antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte responses in skin and peripheral blood following intradermal peptide vaccination. CANCER IMMUNITY 2005; 5:5. [PMID: 15755075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to cancer vaccines are commonly tested by measuring cutaneous reactions to intradermal (i.d.) antigen. When well-characterized peptide epitopes are injected i.d., infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are frequently seen. In this study, we have further characterized T cells derived from vaccine-infiltrating lymphocyte (VIL) responses. We found that the infiltrates capable of producing IFN-gamma and cytolytic activity could recognize vaccine peptide, as well as antigen-positive melanoma cells. We studied antigen-specific T cell responses from VILs and peripheral blood in 10 patients who participated in a clinical trial. All patients received systemic Flt3 ligand (20 microg/kg/d) and i.d. peptides: Three NY-ESO-1 peptides, SLLMWITQCFL (157-167), SLLMWITQC (157-165), QLSLLMWIT (155-163); tyrosinase internal peptide YMDGTMSQV (368-376); Melan-A/MART-1 analogue peptide ELAGIGILTV (26-35, E27L substitution); and influenza matrix peptide GILGFVFTL (58-66). In 54 paired VIL and peripheral blood analyses, a good correlation was found between responses in skin and in blood. These cells could be rapidly expanded in a short-term assay and thus appear to be memory T cells. The demonstrated presence of antigen-specific T cells at vaccination sites validates this method of assessing the immune response to i.d. vaccines.
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Shackleton M, Davis ID, Hopkins W, Jackson H, Dimopoulos N, Tai T, Chen Q, Parente P, Jefford M, Masterman KA, Caron D, Chen W, Maraskovsky E, Cebon J. The impact of imiquimod, a Toll-like receptor-7 ligand (TLR7L), on the immunogenicity of melanoma peptide vaccination with adjuvant Flt3 ligand. CANCER IMMUNITY 2004; 4:9. [PMID: 15384929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) show promise as adjuvants in anticancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Flt3 ligand (FL) is a hematopoietic growth factor that increases the number of immature DCs in the blood and other tissues. We treated 27 patients with metastatic or high-risk resected melanoma with s.c. FL daily for 14 d in three 28 d cycles. Eighteen of these patients also received vaccination with influenza (Flu), Melan-A (Mel), tyrosinase (Tyr), and NY-ESO-1 peptides. To induce local DC maturation, 8 of the vaccinated patients had imiquimod, a Toll-like receptor-7 ligand (TLR7L), applied topically to their vaccine sites. Patients were monitored for clinical and hematological effects. Immune responses were assessed by cutaneous reactivity to vaccination and by the induction of peptide-specific CD8+ T-cells. Eight patients did not complete the protocol due to adverse events related to their cancer. The treatment was generally safe and well tolerated, although some patients developed clinically significant toxicities related to FL. FL induced increases in immature CD11c+ and CD123+ peripheral blood (PB) DCs. Other hematological effects included monocytosis, granulocytosis, and thrombocytosis, which were marked in some patients. Cutaneous reactions to peptide vaccination and circulating peptide-specific CD8+ T-cells were more frequent in imiquimod-treated patients. FL treatment of melanoma patients has pleiotropic clinical and hematological effects. In vivo maturation of FL-generated DCs using imiquimod may increase immune responses to tumor antigens.
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Sobha S, Rajan MS, Jackson H. Clinical Case Notes. Choroidal neovascularization following hyperopic LASIK surgery. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 32:443-5. [PMID: 15281987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2004.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a well-accepted refractive surgical procedure; however, reports of complications of hyperopic surgery are scarce. This is the first report of bilateral macular choroidal neovascular membrane following bilateral hyperopic LASIK surgery. It highlights important considerations in older patients undergoing the procedure.
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Davis ID, Chen W, Jackson H, Parente P, Shackleton M, Hopkins W, Chen Q, Dimopoulos N, Luke T, Murphy R, Scott AM, Maraskovsky E, McArthur G, MacGregor D, Sturrock S, Tai TY, Green S, Cuthbertson A, Maher D, Miloradovic L, Mitchell SV, Ritter G, Jungbluth AA, Chen YT, Gnjatic S, Hoffman EW, Old LJ, Cebon JS. Recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant induces broad integrated antibody and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:10697-702. [PMID: 15252201 PMCID: PMC489997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403572101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 is a "cancer-testis" antigen expressed in many cancers. ISCOMATRIX is a saponin-based adjuvant that induces antibody and T cell responses. We performed a placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant. Forty-six evaluable patients with resected NY-ESO-1-positive tumors received three doses of vaccine intramuscularly at monthly intervals. The vaccine was well tolerated. We observed high-titer antibody responses, strong delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, and circulating CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells specific for a broad range of NY-ESO-1 epitopes, including known and previously unknown epitopes. In an unplanned analysis, vaccinated patients appeared to have superior clinical outcomes to those treated with placebo or protein alone. The vaccine is safe and highly potent immunologically.
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