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Lin PL, Huang HH, Fan SZ, Tsai MC, Lin CH, Huang CH. Effect of ropivacaine on endothelium-dependent phenylephrine-induced contraction in guinea pig aorta. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51:1388-93. [PMID: 17944643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that ropivacaine has biphasic vascular effects, causing vasoconstriction at low concentrations and vasorelaxation at high concentrations. This study was designed to examine the role of the endothelium during accidental intravascular absorption of ropivacaine, and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible. METHODS Isolated guinea pig aortic rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. The effects of ropivacaine on endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings were assessed. Endothelium-intact aortic rings were pre-contracted with phenylephrine before being exposed to ropivacaine and acetylcholine, in order to generate and compare concentration-response curves. In the absence and presence of yohimbine, propranolol, atropine, indometacin, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) or methylene blue, the contractile response induced by ropivacaine was assessed on endothelium-intact aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine. RESULTS Ropivacaine (3 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) mol/l) produced vasoconstriction in endothelium-denuded aortic rings, whereas no such response was observed in aortic rings with intact endothelium. In phenylephrine pre-contracted intact aortic rings, ropivacaine induced a greater degree of vasorelaxation than did acetylcholine. Yohimbine, propranolol and atropine all failed to affect the relaxation responses induced by ropivacaine. However, pre-treatment with indometacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), l-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), methylene blue (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) or ODQ (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), significantly decreased the ropivacaine-induced relaxation of endothelium-intact aortic rings (3 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) mol/l). CONCLUSIONS Ropivacaine elicits an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in phenylephrine pre-contracted aortic rings via the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate pathway and the prostaglandin system.
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Huang HH, Lin LH, Zhang P, Qi XL, Zhong DF. Formation of glucoside conjugate of acetaminophen by fungi separated from soil. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 31:103-8. [PMID: 16898078 DOI: 10.1007/bf03191126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The phase II metabolite of acetaminophen in filamentous fungi and actinomycetes separated from soil was investigated. Fifty-four filamentous fungi and twenty-seven actinomycetes were screened to transform acetaminophen. The metabolites of acetaminophen were assayed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The only metabolite was subject to enzymatic hydrolysis to confirm its structure. Acetaminophen was converted into glucoside conjugate, by filamentous fungi JX1-60, LN17-2, LN20-1 and the yield of the conjugate was 60.01%, 44.27%, 100%, respectively, and no phase I metabolites were detected. Glucoside conjugation of acetaminophen in filamentous fungi differs from the phase II metabolism of glucuronidation in humans. The fungus LN20-1 could be a suitable model to synthesize glucoside conjugate of acetaminophen.
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Yen YH, Lin TF, Huang HH, Chan WH, Yeh HM, Lau HP. Apnoea and consciousness disturbance following inadvertent inthrathecal injection of autologous blood during epidural labor analgesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2006; 34:827-8. [PMID: 17183909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Huang HH, Zhang YY, Xiu QY, Zhou X, Huang SG, Lu Q, Wang DM, Wang F. Community-acquired pneumonia in Shanghai, China: microbial etiology and implications for empirical therapy in a prospective study of 389 patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:369-74. [PMID: 16767484 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this multicenter study was to identify the causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Shanghai, China, and to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Pathogens obtained from 389 patients with documented CAP during 2001-2003 were identified by multiple diagnostic tools that included bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and specific immunological assays. Susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was tested by the broth microdilution method. A specific pathogen was identified in 39.8% (155/389) of the patients: Haemophilus influenzae (n=80), Klebsiella spp. (n=15), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=12), Staphylococcus aureus (n=6), Moraxella catarrhalis (n=1), other gram-negative organisms (n=9), and atypical pathogens that comprised Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n=42), Chlamydia pneumoniae (n=17), and Legionella pneumophila (n=2). Most H. influenzae isolates were susceptible to ampicillin (88.3%), and all were susceptible to macrolides. Of the S. pneumoniae isolates, 75% (9/12) were susceptible to penicillin, while 25% (3/12) were intermediately susceptible. H. influenzae and atypical pathogens are among the most important pathogens of CAP. Ampicillin, cephalosporins, and the newer fluoroquinolones can be used as empirical therapy for CAP in the Shanghai area. The efficacy of monotherapy with newer macrolides for CAP caused by S. pneumoniae requires further evaluation.
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Kwong KYC, Literat A, Zhu NL, Huang HH, Li C, Jones CA, Minoo P. Expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta1) in human epithelial alveolar cells: a pro-inflammatory mediator independent pathway. Life Sci 2004; 74:2941-57. [PMID: 15051419 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Accepted: 08/25/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) expression remains unclear. Inflammation has been inferred to play a major role in stimulating TGF-beta1 production since high concentrations of TGF-beta1 have been found in the lungs of patients with various diffuse inflammatory lung diseases. To establish an association between inflammation and TGF-beta1 expression, human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells were co-cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) for 12 hours. Total and bioactive TGF-beta1 protein were then measured. A549 cells transiently transfected with a plasmid containing the TGF-beta1 promoter linked to a luciferase reported gene were then co-cultured with the same inflammatory peptides for 12 hours and TGF-beta1 promoter activity determined. Nuclear transcription factors AP-1 (c-jun) or NF-kappa (p65, p50 and p105) were over expressed in A549 cells transiently transfected with the TGF-beta1 promoter and TGF-beta1 promoter activity subsequently measured. Stimulation with inflammatory signals LPS, TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-8 resulted in no increase of total or bioactive TGF-beta1 activity above constitutive concentrations in vitro. TGF-beta1 promoter activity was also unchanged from baseline levels in response to the same inflammatory peptides. Expression of c-jun however led to significant increases of TGF-beta1 promoter activity over constitutive levels. In contrast p65 and p105 expression resulted in inhibition of TGF-beta1 promoter activity below baseline levels. We conclude that in a human alveolar epithelial cell line, inflammation does not regulate TGF-beta1 expression. These studies suggest that in lung pathologies such as asthma, lung fibrosis and CLD, TGF-beta1 production may involve pathways independent of inflammatory mediators LPS, TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-8.
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Chen IH, Yang KL, Lee A, Huang HH, Lin PY, Lee TD. Low frequency of HLA-B*2706 in Taiwanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 2002; 29:435-8. [PMID: 12358855 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.2002.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of HLA-B27 in patients affected with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was well established prior to the advent of DNA typing of various genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans. However, molecular typing of the MHC genes revealed that B27 comprises a motley assortment of alleles, some of which are strongly positively associated with the disease and some of which are negatively associated with the disease. B*2706 was reported to have a negative association with AS in the Thai population and in Chinese Singaporeans. We report here our finding of an absence of B*2706 in 184 Taiwanese AS patients.
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Chan HL, Huang HH, Lin JL. Time-Frequency analysis of heart rate variability during transient segments. Ann Biomed Eng 2001; 29:983-96. [PMID: 11791681 DOI: 10.1114/1.1415525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The spectral characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) are related to the modulation of the autonomic nervous system. As the physiological condition is changed by such external stimuli such as drugs, postural changes, and anesthesia, or by internal deregulation such as in syncope, adjective autonomic responses could alter HRV characteristics. Time-frequency analysis is commonly used to investigate the time-related HRV characteristics. An alteration of the autonomic regulation resulting in a change in mean heart rate induces a transient component in heart rate, which, with any analysis method based on signals from multiple beats, results in the apparent spread of the spectrum of frequencies. This obscures the spectral components related to the autonomic function. In this paper we investigated the influence of the transient component in several time-frequency methods including the short-time Fourier transform, the Choi-Williams distribution, the smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD), the filtering SPWVD compensation, and the discrete wavelet transform. One simulated signal and two heart rate signals during general anesthesia and postural change were used for this assessment. The result demonstrates that the filtering SPWVD compensation and the discrete wavelet transform have small spectrum interference from the transient component.
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Tsai KS, Hsieh HJ, Chow KC, Lin TY, Chiang SF, Huang HH. Detection of cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann's disease. Int J Dermatol 2001; 40:694-8. [PMID: 11737435 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2001.01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann's disease (FUMHD) is a severe and very rare variant of pityriasis lichenoides et varilioformis acuta, which is characterized by large coalescing, and ulceronecrotic maculopapules or plaques. Morphological changes of the skin accompanied by persistent high fever and several constitutional symptoms have suggested virus infection in patients with FUMHD. However, the available information of viral origin is limited. In this study we investigated the relationship of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), type I human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I), and parvovirus B19 (PVB19) with FUMHD in a Taiwanese patient. METHODS The existence of CMV, EBV, HHV8, HTLV-I, and PVB19 was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of CMV in the endothelial cells was characterized by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Serologic immunoglobulin to CMV and IHC identification of CMV late gene in the biopsy specimen indicated that the patient was infected with CMV. Detection of CMV was confirmed by PCR and ISH. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that FUMHD is associated with dermal CMV manifestation. Nonetheless, the induction mechanism of FUMHD with CMV infection has yet to be determined.
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Kao WF, Kuo CC, Chang H, Chen WL, Wei CH, Huang HH, Yen DH, Wu JK, Miao S, Lee CH. Characteristics of patients at a Taipei summer rock concert festival. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL; FREE CHINA ED 2001; 64:525-30. [PMID: 11768283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rock concerts are popular mass gatherings in Taiwan. Millions of fans participate in rock concerts in Taiwan each year. However, there were no reports on the characteristics of the patients seen in rock concerts in Taiwan. METHODS Medical care for a summer rock concert festival held in an outdoor stadium in Taipei was coordinated by emergency physicians of a medical center. About 50,000 attendees participated in the two-night concert. Three stations were set up to provide advanced medical care. A standardized form was used to collect information about patients. RESULTS A total of 28 cases visited the medical stations, fourteen cases each day. They were aged from 13 to 40 years, with an average of 20.8 +/- 6.4. Twenty-one cases were female and seven were male. Twenty-two (79%) were spectators, five (18%) were on-duty staff, and one was a by-stander. Based on an estimation of totally 50,000 participants in the stadium for this two-night festival, the medical use rate was roughly 5.6 PPTT (patients per ten thousand attendees). The most common major problem was fainting which accounted for 13 cases (46%). Of these 13 cases, three cases (23%) lost consciousness and 12 cases (92%) were female. Sixteen cases (57%) were classified as requiring ALS (advanced life support) and 12 cases (43%) as requiring BLS (basic life support). Most cases improved and were discharged after onsite treatment. Only one case was transferred by ambulance due to persistent chest pain. However, she recovered several hours later. CONCLUSIONS By this preliminary data, first reported in Taiwan, we found that the most common problem was fainting. More than half of the cases seen at the concert required advanced life support. A well-designed emergency medical service (EMS) system is mandatory to provide services for these events.
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Lin PL, Wang YP, Chou YM, Chan HL, Huang HH. Lack of intravenous lidocaine effects on HRV changes of tracheal intubation during induction of general anesthesia. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SINICA 2001; 39:77-82. [PMID: 11475179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous lidocaine has been widely used for suppressing the autonomic activation from tracheal intubation during induction of general anesthesia. Conventionally, researches of its effectiveness through assessment of heart rate and blood pressure changes obtained by common clinical methods result in the conclusions deduced of much controversy. Heart rate variability is a noninvasive measurement of autonomic regulation and is suitable for the study of this subject. METHODS 36 ASA class I-II patients undergoing general anesthesia were divided into 3 groups. Besides induction agents, intravenous lidocaine was given 5 min before tracheal intubation in group A, 3 min before intubation in group B and nothing in group C. HRV spectral powers were measured at awake state, anesthetized state before tracheal intubation and anesthetized state after tracheal intubation by time frequency spectral analysis method and comparison was made between the three groups. RESULTS The HRV spectral power in high frequency (HF) and mid-frequency (MF) power bands and their ratios (MF/HF) were not significantly different among the 3 groups during the 3 observation periods. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence to indicate the effectiveness of intravenous lidocaine on the autonomic regulation during tracheal intubation under the influence of induction agents used in general anesthesia.
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Sun SS, Tsai SC, Huang HH, Kao CH. Bleeding Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Jejunum Detected by a Tc-99m Red Blood Cell Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scan. Clin Nucl Med 2001; 26:565-7. [PMID: 11353316 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-200106000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huang HH, Lu MC, Chen JN. Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and 2-chlorophenol with iron oxides. WATER RESEARCH 2001; 35:2291-9. [PMID: 11358310 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in the presence of iron oxides. Granular ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite were selected as catalysts in this study. 2-CP was used as the model compound because it is a typical toxic compound and has not been investigated in the catalytic decomposition by iron oxides. The catalytic activity for hydrogen peroxide decomposition followed the sequence: granular ferrihydrite > goethite > hematite. However, hematite exhibited the highest activity in catalyzing 2-CP oxidation. The oxidation efficiency of 2-CP corresponded with the inverse sequence of specific area and pHpzc of the iron oxides. The catalytic activity of granular ferrihydrite was affected significantly by the mixing speed and particle size for its large value of Thiele modulus (phi) and Damkohler number (Da). The strong diffusion resistance for granular ferrihydrite was attributed either to its microporous structure or to the formation of oxygen in the pores of the iron oxide leading to the unexpected catalytic activity of granular ferrihydrite to hydrogen peroxide and 2-CP.
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Li XQ, Zhong DF, Huang HH, Wu SD. Demethylation metabolism of roxithromycin in humans and rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:469-74. [PMID: 11743899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the demethylated metabolites of roxithromycin (RXM) in humans and rats, and to study the antibiotic activity of these metabolites in vitro. METHODS The demethylated metabolites of RXM in humans and in rats were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the in vitro antibiotic activities of them against three standard strains were also studied compared with those of the parent drug and some other metabolites of RXM. RESULTS O-Demethylation of RXM was one of the main metabolic routes of RXM in humans, whereas N-demethylation metabolism was more predominant in rats. O-Demethyl-RXM appeared to be equally effective with RXM. CONCLUSION The O-demethyl-RXM was an active metabolite in humans, and there were some species differences in RXM demethylation metabolism between humans and rats.
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Huang HH, Tsai PL, Khoo KH. Selective expression of different fucosylated epitopes on two distinct sets of Schistosoma mansoni cercarial O-glycans: identification of a novel core type and Lewis X structure. Glycobiology 2001; 11:395-406. [PMID: 11425800 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.5.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycobiology of Schistosoma mansoni is dominated by developmentally regulated expression of various fucosylated structures, most notably the Lewis X epitope and a multifucosylated sequence, Fuc alpha1-->2Fuc alpha1-->, in its various forms. For the infective cercarial stage, Lewis X has been structurally identified on glycosphingolipids and N-glycans of total glycoprotein extracts, and a population of multifucosylated glycoproteins were found to carry a unique terminal sequence, +/-Fuc alpha1-->2Fuc alpha1-->[3GalNAc beta1-->4(Fuc alpha1-->2Fuc alpha1--> 2Fuc alpha1-->3) GlcNAc beta1-->3Gal alpha1-->](n), on their O-glycans. Using a mass spectrometry approach coupled with chromatographic separation, sequential exoglycosidase digestion, periodate oxidation, and other chemical derivatization, we demonstrate that Lewis X could also be carried on the cercarial O-glycans, but the two distinctive sets of fucosylated epitopes were conjugated to two different core structures. Lewis X, lacNAc, or single GlcNAc was found to attach directly to the -->3Gal beta1-->3GalNAc core and indirectly via another beta-Gal residue branching off from C6 of the reducing end GalNAc to give a biantennary-like structure. The -->3(+/-Gal beta1-->6)Gal beta1-->3(-->3Gal beta1-->6)GalNAc core thus characterized represents a novel core type for O-glycans. In contrast, the previously characterized multifucosylated terminal sequences were carried on conventional type 1 and 2 cores. The smallest structures of the reductively released O-glycans were defined as GalNAc beta1-->4GlcNAc beta1-->3Gal beta1-->3GalNAcitol with a total of two to four fucoses attached to the terminal lacdiNAc. alpha-Galactosylation of the nonreducing terminal beta-GalNAc instead of fucose capping leads to further elongation with another lacdiNAc unit that could also extend directly from C6 of the reducing end GalNAc and similarly elongated or terminated.
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Huang YE, Wang PW, Huang HH, Cheng YF, Lee CH. A central scar in hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia detected on liver SPECT imaging. Clin Nucl Med 2001; 26:367-9. [PMID: 11290913 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-200104000-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huang CL, Huang HH, Chao A, Wang YP, Tsai SK. Rapid recovery of spontaneous baroreflex after sevoflurane anesthesia in ambulatory surgery. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SINICA 2001; 39:23-6. [PMID: 11407291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sevoflurane seems to have fulfilled the criteria of ideal anesthetic agent for ambulatory surgery, its effects on intraoperative alteration and postoperative recovery of arterial baroreflex have not been well documented. This study assessed the time required for patients anesthetized with sevoflurane to regain their baseline baroreflex after ambulatory surgeries. METHODS Ten ASA class I female patients scheduled for minor gynecological operation (D&C) were enrolled in this study. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (SBR) calculated by sequence analysis of beat-to-beat variations in systolic arterial pressure and R-R intervals was recorded before anesthesia (Baseline), during anesthesia (Anesthesia), five min after operation (Post-op 1) and ten min after operation (Post-op 2). Data obtained from Anesthesia, Post-op 1, and Post-op 2 was compared with the Baseline. RESULTS SBR value determined in Baseline group (28.6 +/- 4.9 ms/mmHg) was significantly different from Anesthesia group (12.2 +/- 2.1 ms/mmHg) and Post-op 1 group (15.8 +/- 1.8 ms/mmHg). Patients regained their conscious baseline baroreflex sensitivity within ten min after sevoflurane was switched off. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane anesthesia depresses SBR and provides a quick SBR recovery upon emergence.
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Khoo KH, Huang HH, Lee KM. Characteristic structural features of schistosome cercarial N-glycans: expression of Lewis X and core xylosylation. Glycobiology 2001; 11:149-63. [PMID: 11287402 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomal egg N-glycans are the only examples in nature that have been structurally shown to contain beta2-xylosylation, alpha6-fucosylation, and alpha3-fucosylation on the N,N'-diacetyl chitobiose core. We present evidence that core difucosylated and xylosylated N-glycans are characteristics of Schistosoma japonicum eggs but not of the cercariae and adults, for which neither core xylosylation nor alpha3-fucosylation could be readily detected. In contrast, a majority of the N-glycans from Schistosoma mansoni cercariae but not the adults are core xylosylated. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis coupled with chromatographic mapping, sequential exoglycosidase digestion, and methylation analysis were employed to unambiguously define the structures of core beta2-xylosylated, alpha6-fucosylated N-glycans from S. mansoni cercariae. Unexpectedly, a majority of these N-glycans were found to carry Lewis X determinant, Galbeta1-->4(Fucalpha1-->3)GlcNAcbeta1-->, on the nonreducing termini of mono- and biantennary structures. The Lewis X-containing glycoproteins were found to be distinct from those carrying the complex, multifucosylated glycocalyx O-glycans reported previously. The corresponding N-glycans from S. japonicum cercariae are likewise dominated by Lewis X termini but without the core xylosylation. We concluded that the invading cercariae present an important and abundant source of Lewis X antigens, which may contribute to the induced humoral response upon infection. Following transformation and development into the adults, the N-glycans synthesized comprise a significantly larger amount of high mannose and fucosylated pauci-mannose structures in comparison with the cercarial N-glycans. A portion of the mono- and biantennary complex types were identified to carry Lewis X and fucosylated LacdiNAc termini, which could also be detected by mass spectrometry analysis on larger, complex-type structures.
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Wu YZ, Hong JH, Huang HH, Dougherty GJ, McBride WH, Chiang CS. Mechanisms mediating the effects of IL-3 gene expression on tumor growth. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 68:890-6. [PMID: 11129657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-3 gene expression within tumors leads to host-cell infiltration, particularly by macrophages, slower tumor growth, and enhanced immunogenicity. Surprisingly, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from within FSAN-JmIL3 tumors had decreased expression of TNF-alpha and iNOS. On short-term culture, TAMs from FSAN-JmIL3 tumors regained their capacity to produce TNF-alpha and NO, indicating that they were primed in vivo. In vitro experiments were unable to demonstrate differences between FSAN-JmIL3 and FSAN tumor cells in their ability to stimulate TNF-alpha production by TAMs. In the absence of evidence that TAM activation was responsible for the slower growth of FSAN-JmIL3 tumors, the response of tumor cells to these effector molecules was studied. TNF-alpha and NO were cytotoxic for FSAN-JmIL3 cells but growth stimulatory for FSAN. These tumor-related phenotypic changes may contribute as much if not more than functional changes in host infiltrating cells to the slower growth of FSAN-JmIL3 tumors in vivo.
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Du ZM, Huang HH, Chen XY, Zhong DF. [Study on hydroxylated metabolites of benproperine in human urine]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 2000; 35:916-20. [PMID: 12567915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the hydroxylation process of benproperine in humans. METHODS After an oral administration of 60 mg benproperine to ten healthy male volunteers, urine samples collected within 0-24 h were extracted by solid phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. A microbial transformation of benproperine combined with semi-preparative HPLC was used to get two reference substances of the hydroxylated metabolites, and their structures were then elucidated by NMR. Furthermore, the structures of conjugated metabolites were speculated based on their characteristics in MS fragmentation. RESULTS Five hydroxylated metabolites of benproperine and some of their conjugates with endogenous glucuronic acid or sulfuric acid were found in urine of volunteers after the dose. The structures of two metabolites were identified as 4"-hydroxybenproperine and 4"'-hydroxybenproperine by comparison of HPLC retention times and mass spectra with those of authentics obtained from the microbial transformation. CONCLUSION Hydroxylation of benproperine occurs preferentially at para-position of the alkoxyl group in the aromatic ring. The hydroxylated metabolites of benproperine in human urine mainly exist as their glucuronic acid or sulfuric acid conjugates.
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Wang YP, Shih RL, Huang CL, Huang HH, Tsai SK. Differential change in cardiac baroreflex sensitivity estimated by sequence and spectral analysis during etomidate anesthesia. Clin Auton Res 2000; 10:117-21. [PMID: 10954069 DOI: 10.1007/bf02278015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, high-frequency gain, (0.15-0.35 Hz), and mid-frequency gain (0.07-0.14 Hz) are noninvasive measures of cardiac baroreflex function derived by spontaneous sequence and cross-spectral analysis. To demonstrate the difference between these baroreflex estimates, 14 patients received etomidate (0.3 mg/kg bolus and 0.9 mg/kg/h infusion), lidocaine (60 mg), and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) by intravenous injection. The authors found that spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and high-frequency gain were decreased (p <0.05) after etomidate anesthesia, whereas mid-frequency gain was maintained. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, high-frequency gain, and mid-frequency gain, although compared simultaneously, did not change in a parallel manner. In another 5 patients, who received normal saline only, measures were unchanged. The authors conclude that spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, high-frequency gain, and mid-frequency gain are not interchangeable. Experimental results on baroreflex control depend on the parameter selected.
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Huang HH, Qureshi AA, Biundo JJ. Sports and other soft tissue injuries, tendinitis, bursitis, and occupation-related syndromes. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2000; 12:150-4. [PMID: 10751018 DOI: 10.1097/00002281-200003000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights three areas: plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome. The diagnosis and treatment of plantar fasciitis are reviewed; nonsurgical treatments remain the mainstay of management. Several recent articles support the use of night splints. Some novel treatments recently investigated, including low intensity laser irradiation and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, are reviewed, as well as the effectiveness of steroid injection. Novel treatments for Achilles tendinitis are also reviewed, including the use of injection therapy and the treatment approach of one author for the management of Achilles tendon rupture. Nonsurgical techniques in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, such as yoga, ultrasound, noninvasive laser neurolysis, manipulation, nerve and tendon gliding exercises, and medications, are reviewed. Prednisolone was shown to be effective in the treatment of mild to moderate disease and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were found to be ineffective.
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Shyu RH, Shaio MF, Tang SS, Shyu HF, Lee CF, Tsai MH, Smith JE, Huang HH, Wey JJ, Huang JL, Chang HH. DNA vaccination using the fragment C of botulinum neurotoxin type A provided protective immunity in mice. J Biomed Sci 2000; 7:51-7. [PMID: 10644889 DOI: 10.1007/bf02255918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is one of the most toxic substances known to produce severe neuromuscular paralysis. The currently used vaccine is prepared mainly from biohazardous toxins. Thus, we studied an alternative method and demonstrated that DNA immunization provided sufficient protection against botulism in a murine model. A plasmid of pBoNT/A-Hc, which encodes the fragment C gene of type A botulinum neurotoxin, was constructed and fused with an Igkappa leader sequence under the control of a human cytomegalovirus promoter. After 10 cycles of DNA inoculation with this plasmid, mice survived lethal doses of type A botulinum neurotoxin challenges. Immunized mice also elicited cross-protection to the challenges of type E botulinum neurotoxin. This is the first study demonstrating the potential use of DNA vaccination for botulinum neurotoxins.
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Zou Z, Hu YF, Sham TK, Huang HH, Xu GQ, Seet CS, Chan L. XAFS studies of Al/TiNx films on Si(100) at the Al K- and L3,2-edge. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 1999; 6:524-525. [PMID: 15263367 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049599001247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/1998] [Accepted: 01/22/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Lin YD, Tsai CD, Huang HH, Chiou DC, Wu CP. Preamplifier with a second-order high-pass filtering characteristic. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1999; 46:609-12. [PMID: 10230140 DOI: 10.1109/10.759062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new preamplifier for suppressing low-frequency interference is presented. The proposed preamplifier, with its front end being implemented by an instrumentation amplifier, enjoys the following advantages: differential high-pass filtering, high input impedance, high common--mode rejection ratio and low passive sensitivity. This circuit can be realized with commercial operational amplifiers with enough phase margin, or fabricated in a chip for practical measurement of physiological signals.
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Huang HH, Vena JE, Freudenheim JL, Ambrosone CB, Marshall JR, Nemoto T, Graham S, Laughlin R. GRILLED OR FRIED MEATS, NAT2 GENOTYPE, AND PROSTATE CANCER. Epidemiology 1998. [DOI: 10.1097/00001648-199807001-00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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