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Karlsen TH, Boberg KM, Vatn M, Bergquist A, Hampe J, Schrumpf E, Thorsby E, Schreiber S, Lie BA. Different HLA class II associations in ulcerative colitis patients with and without primary sclerosing cholangitis. Genes Immun 2007; 8:275-8. [PMID: 17301827 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) of Northern European origin have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the majority ulcerative colitis (UC). An inherent problem in interpreting positive findings in genetic association studies of PSC is thus to distinguish between factors associated with hepatobiliary versus intestinal pathology. We aimed to clarify to what extent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II associations in UC patients with and without PSC differ. High-resolution DRB1 and DQB1 typing was performed in 365 Scandinavian PSC patients, an independent cohort of 330 Norwegian UC patients and 368 healthy controls. HLA associations found in PSC were mostly distinct from those seen in UC, and no significant differences were noted between PSC patients with concurrent UC and PSC patients without IBD. This suggests different HLA associated genetic susceptibility to PSC and UC, and supports notions that UC in PSC may represent a distinct UC phenotype.
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Schafmayer C, Egberts JH, Franke A, Krawczak M, Fölsch UR, Lammert F, Schreiber S, Fändrich F, Hampe J, Tepel J. Untersuchung der murinen LITH1 Kandidatengene ABCB11 AND LXRA beim humanen Gallensteinleiden. Zentralbl Chir 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li Y, Fisher E, Klapper M, Boeing H, Pfeiffer A, Hampe J, Schreiber S, Burwinkel B, Schrezenmeir J, Döring F. Association between functional FABP2 promoter haplotype and type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2006; 38:300-7. [PMID: 16718625 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-925405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) is a cytosolic protein expressed exclusively in epithelial cells of the small intestine. Some, albeit not conclusive, evidence indicates that the Thr-allele of FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes. More recently, common FABP2 promoter polymorphisms have shown association with postprandial increase of triglycerides, body composition and plasma lipid levels. Therefore, we reasoned that variants in the FABP2 promoter may also predispose to type 2 diabetes mellitus. In our Caucasian study population, we found three SNPs and three insertion-deletion polymorphisms that are in complete linkage disequilibrium defining promoter haplotype A and B within 1kb 5' of the FABP2 initiation codon. Haplotype calculations indicated that the FABP2 promoter and Ala54Thr variants were strongly linked. Functional analysis of promoter fragments demonstrated that haplotype difference is caused by polymorphisms within 260 bp downstream of the FABP2 initiation codon. Using a prospective case-control study nested within the EPIC-Potsdam cohort of 192 incident type 2 diabetes cases and 384 sex-/age-matched controls, male subjects carrying the FABP2 haplotype B allele showed significantly decreased risk of type 2 diabetes when adjusted for BMI (OR = 0.50, 95 % CI = 0.28 - 0.87, p < 0.05) and additional covariates (OR = 0.42, 95 % CI 0.22 - 0.81, p < 0.01). Further adjustment for the Ala54Thr polymorphism revealed an OR of 0.18 (95 % CI 0.06 - 0.49, p < 0.001). Similarly, Ala/Ala homozygote males carrying the promoter haplotype B had decreased risk (0.33, 0.11 - 0.94, p < 0.05) of type 2 diabetes after stratification for the Ala54Thr polymorphism. FABP2 promoter haplotypes or genotype combinations defined by the promoter and Ala54Thr polymorphism were not associated with BMI, body fat, leptin, HbA (1c), total cholesterol or HDL. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the functional FABP2 promoter haplotype may contribute to type 2 diabetes in a sex-specific manner.
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Hampe J, Nüske S, Scholz AM, Förster M. Untersuchungen zur Körperzusammensetzung und zum Wachstum von Kälbern unterschiedlicher genetischer Herkunft mittels Dualenergie–Röntgenabsorptiometrie (DXA). Arch Anim Breed 2005. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-48-428-2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Title of the paper: In vivo analysis of body composition and growth of calves of different genetic origin using dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) In vivo body composition and growth of 214 calves (6-50 days old) of different genetic origin were analyzed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A whole body scan was performed. Looking at body composition there were differences among calf genotypes and parent genotypes. Purebred German-Holstein calves showed lower bone mineral density, bone mineral content, bone mineral percentage, fat tissue percentage and weight than the other genotypes. Opposite conditions existed for lean tissue percentage. Daily feed intake and tissue growth rates (lean tissue, fat tissue, bone mineral) were recorded from day 0 to day 50 of age. Further effects of birth type and lactation number of dam became obvious. Twins showed a significant higher daily gain than calves of single births. Heifer calves had highest daily gain between Scan 2 and Scan 3 in contrary to calves of cows of fourth or fifth lactation number. Within the study two scan modes were compared. A comparison between two scan modes 'normal' and 'pediatric large' showed a high correlation of selected values (r ≥ 0,90) except for lean tissue percentage (r = 0,62), fat tissue percentage (r = 0,70) and R-value (r = 0,69). In conclusion DXA is a very suitable method for examination of body composition and growth of calves.
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Nüske S, Hampe J, Scholz AM, Förster M. Studies on the development of the claws in new born calves of different breeds and crossbreds using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Arch Anim Breed 2005. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-48-305-2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. This study evaluated claw development in 199 calves of different genetic background during the first 70 days of life. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was found to be a useful tool for this purpose. By the means of DXA, in humans as in animals, body constitution and composition can be examined in vivo. Thus, the whole body or body regions can be analyzed for the content of fat tissue, lean tissue, bone mineral content and bone mineral density. Large differences in claw parameters were observed, depending on the position of the claws, sex and breed, including interaction effects between gender and breeds. In all four pairs of claws, the medial claws had significantly higher contents of bone mineral than the lateral claws. All fore claws had a higher density than hind claws. Male calves showed significantly higher values than females in all measured parameters. Comparing breeds and crossbreds, pure German Holsteins had the lowest values in all parameters with exception of the R-value. Within breeds/crossbreds and gender various interactions could be found. Calves of first lactation cows had lower values than calves of elder cows. Calves with a small birth weight and calves originating of a multiple birth had significantly lower values of the scanned parameters than calves with higher birth weight or monoparous calves.
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Entz P, Toliat MR, Hampe J, Valentonyte R, Jenisch S, Nürnberg P, Nagy M. New strategies for efficient typing of HLA class-II loci DQB1 and DRB1 by using Pyrosequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 65:67-80. [PMID: 15663743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of genetic risk factors for complex diseases located on chromosome-6 frequently requires human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping of large patient cohorts. Currently available methods do not support high-throughput HLA typing beyond the major allele group level. We, thus, developed a high-throughput approach for the HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 loci that is based on Pyrosequencing. Pyrosequencing offers a higher degree of automation than direct sequencing or oligotyping. Using a dispensation order optimized for the particular HLA locus, rapid group typing and fine resolution can be achieved. We implemented the method for two important HLA loci--DQB1 and DRB1. The HLA-DQB1 typing method comprises the following steps: splitting the potential alleles after a generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification into groups with a first Pyrosequencing reaction and resolving the split allele groups by means of five further Pyrosequencing reactions. The HLA-DR gene family is known to be the most polymorphic one in the HLA class-II region because of a large number of DRB1 alleles. Because of this complex nature, HLA-DRB1 typing was performed by means of a combination of sequence-specific PCR typing and Pyrosequencing. HLA-DQB1 typing and HLA-DRB1 typing were performed successfully by using standard DNA samples with the help of known HLA genotypes and in a blind study by using the samples from the Deutscher Zell Austausch 2002 and 2003. The approach was optimized and was practically tested for genotyping in disease association studies. Our well-elaborated Pyrosequencing-based protocols offer a new alternative to the existing HLA class-II typing methods and represent a convenient and economic solution, a unique combination of high accuracy with high-sample throughput.
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Hellmig S, Hampe J, Fölsch UR, Schreiber S. Role of IL-10 promoter haplotypes in Helicobacter pylori associated gastric inflammation. Gut 2005; 54:888. [PMID: 15888803 PMCID: PMC1774555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Fölster-Holst R, Stoll M, Koch WA, Hampe J, Christophers E, Schreiber S. Lack of association of SPINK5 polymorphisms with nonsyndromic atopic dermatitis in the population of Northern Germany. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:1365-7. [PMID: 15949016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zwiers A, Seegers D, Heijmans R, Koch A, Hampe J, Nikolaus S, Peña AS, Schreiber S, Bouma G. Definition of polymorphisms and haplotypes in the interleukin-12B gene: association with IL-12 production but not with Crohn's disease. Genes Immun 2005; 5:675-7. [PMID: 15483662 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a key cytokine for the induction of Th1 immune responses. Recently, functional polymorphisms in IL-12p40 (IL12B) were found to be associated with susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. Similarly, variation in IL12B might be involved in susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder associated with high IL-12 expression. We searched for additional polymorphism in IL12B and genotyped a large cohort of CD patients. Differential in vitro secretors of IL-12 were tested for polymorphism. Polymorphisms were analyzed using the intrafamilial transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and by case-control analysis. A novel polymorphism was strongly associated with differential expression of IL-12. However, no association with susceptibility to CD was seen for this and other polymorphisms. The high level of conservation is consistent with the key regulatory role of IL-12. The lack of association with IL12B makes it unlikely that this gene is directly involved in the susceptibility to CD.
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Hellmig S, Mascheretti S, Renz J, Frenzel H, Jelschen F, Rehbein JK, Fölsch U, Hampe J, Schreiber S. Haplotype analysis of the CD11 gene cluster in patients with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric ulcer disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 65:271-4. [PMID: 15730520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection leads to a broad spectrum of disease manifestations such as gastritis, ulcer disease, and even gastric carcinoma. The genetically determined immune response and subsequent inflammation influence the degree of mucosal damage. Adhesion molecules of the CD11 cluster play an important role in adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells in inflammation. We conducted a haplotype-based analysis of the CD11 cluster in a sample of 315 patients with H. pylori infection and investigated associations with gastric erosions and ulcer disease. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the genes CD11a, CD11b, and CD11c were genotyped by Taqman technology. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was assessed within the CD11 cluster and haplotype case-control analysis was conducted. Sliding window haplotype analysis identified a haplotype consisting of the markers CD11c exon 15 and intron 31 associated with gastric ulcer disease. Patients carrying the haplotype GA bear a 2.4-fold increased risk. No significant associations of single markers with disease outcome were found. High-density LD mapping and mutation detection of CD11c in larger samples will be necessary to confirm our findings and identify the causative variant. Thus, we conclude that genetic variants in the CD11 cluster may play a role in the development of gastric ulcer in chronic H. pylori infection presumably by influencing leukocyte adhesion. The biological effect of genetic variants of CD11c in gastric inflammation needs further clarification.
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Mascheretti S, Hinrichsen H, Ross S, Buggisch P, Hampe J, Foelsch UR, Schreiber S. Genetic variants in the CCR gene cluster and spontaneous viral elimination in hepatitis C-infected patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:328-33. [PMID: 15086398 PMCID: PMC1809016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in chronic hepatitis in more than 80% of infected patients while 10-20% of patients recover spontaneously. Host genetic factors may influence the ability to clear the virus after infection. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms and a 32 bp deletion in the genes coding for CCR3, CCR2 and CCR5 (which are all located in a cluster on chromosome 3) were investigated in 465 consecutively recruited patients infected with HCV and 370 matched controls. Genetic variants were tested for association with spontaneous viral elimination and, in the chronically infected patients, stage of fibrosis and response to antiviral therapy. The G190A polymorphism (variant allele Ile64) in the first transmembrane domain of CCR2 was under-represented in the 29 patients who had cleared the hepatitis C virus spontaneously (P = 0.018). None of the other variants in the CCR gene cluster showed association with the natural course of the infection, stage of fibrosis or response to therapy.
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Ott SJ, Musfeldt M, Wenderoth DF, Hampe J, Brant O, Fölsch UR, Timmis KN, Schreiber S. Reduction in diversity of the colonic mucosa associated bacterial microflora in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2004; 53:685-93. [PMID: 15082587 PMCID: PMC1774050 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.025403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 875] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The intestinal bacterial microflora plays an important role in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As most of the colonic bacteria cannot be identified by culture techniques, genomic technology can be used for analysis of the composition of the microflora. PATIENTS AND METHODS The mucosa associated colonic microflora of 57 patients with active inflammatory bowel disease and 46 controls was investigated using 16S rDNA based single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) fingerprint, cloning experiments, and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Full length sequencing of 1019 clones from 16S rDNA libraries (n = 3) revealed an overall bacterial diversity of 83 non-redundant sequences-among them, only 49 known bacterial species. Molecular epidemiology of the composition of the colonic microflora was investigated by SSCP. Diversity of the microflora in Crohn's disease was reduced to 50% compared with controls (21.7 v 50.4; p<0.0001) and to 30% in ulcerative colitis (17.2 v 50.4; p<0.0001). The reduction in diversity in inflammatory bowel disease was due to loss of normal anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides species, Eubacterium species, and Lactobacillus species, as revealed by direct sequencing of variable bands and confirmed by real time PCR. Bacterial diversity in the Crohn's group showed no association with CARD15/NOD2 status. CONCLUSIONS Mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with loss of normal anaerobic bacteria. This effect is independent of NOD2/CARD15 status of patients.
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Schürmann M, Valentonyte R, Hampe J, Müller-Quernheim J, Schwinger E, Schreiber S. CARD15 gene mutations in sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 2004; 22:748-54. [PMID: 14621080 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis, Blau syndrome and Crohn's disease are complex disorders, characterised by granulomatous inflammation affecting a variety of organs. Mutations of the CARD15 gene, on chromosome 16, have been shown to contribute significantly to Crohn's disease and to cause Blau syndrome. These factors prompted the current authors to study CARD15 mutations in sarcoidosis. A total of 138 families were genotyped, including 302 patients with sarcoidosis and 127 patients without a family history of sarcoidosis (together with their parents), for four main coding CARD15 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of Crohn's disease. Furthermore, the gene segment that harbours Blau syndrome mutations was sequenced in 39 selected patients from 39 families with affected siblings identical for one or two parental chromosomes 16s and in eight patients from multi-case families. None of the reported Blau syndrome mutations and no new sequence alterations were found. There was an increased frequency of transmission of the rare allele of the polymorphic sites 802C>T (SNP5) and 2722G>C (SNP12) in at least one of the two study groups. In conclusion, CARD15 mutations, which are important in Crohn's disease and Blau syndrome, play no major role in sarcoidosis in this study population. However, these mutations could be of limited importance, especially in patients without a family history of sarcoidosis.
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Fisher SA, Moody A, Mirza MM, Cuthbert AP, Hampe J, Macpherson A, Sanderson J, Forbes A, Mansfield J, Schreiber S, Lewis CM, Mathew CG. Genetic variation at the chromosome 16 chemokine gene cluster: development of a strategy for association studies in complex disease. Ann Hum Genet 2003; 67:377-90. [PMID: 12940913 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine gene cluster [CCL22, CX3CL1, CCL17] (previously known as [SCYA22, SCYD1, SCYA17]) is a candidate locus for one of the susceptibility genes for inflammatory bowel disease that are located in the peri-centromeric region of chromosome 16. Screening for sequence variation at this locus led to the detection of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). An efficient experimental and computational approach was developed to estimate allele frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibrium relationships between SNPs at this locus, and to test them for association with inflammatory bowel disease. The 12 common SNPs were assigned to 5 distinct linkage disequilibrium groups. Genotyping of one SNP from each linkage disequilibrium group in a large cohort of families with inflammatory bowel disease did not provide convincing evidence of association with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. We describe an efficient experimental design from SNP screening to association testing. This strategy can be used to test candidate genes for involvement in susceptibility to complex disease.
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King K, Moody A, Fisher SA, Mirza MM, Cuthbert AP, Hampe J, Sutherland-Craggs A, Sanderson J, MacPherson AJ, Forbes A, Mansfield J, Schreiber S, Lewis CM, Mathew CG. Genetic variation in the IGSF6 gene and lack of association with inflammatory bowel disease. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 2003; 30:187-90. [PMID: 12786995 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.2003.00387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin superfamily 6 gene (IGSF6) on chromosome 16p11-p12 has been investigated as a positional and functional candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility. Screening of the six exons of IGSF6 for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected four novel SNPs, and validated three of six SNPs listed in the international SNP database (dbSNP). The seven SNPs in IGSF6 formed five distinct linkage disequilibrium groups. There was no evidence for association of the common SNPs with disease in a large cohort of patients with IBD. The novel SNPs and the linkage disequilibrium map will be a useful resource for the analysis of IGSF6 in other immune disorders.
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Mascheretti S, Hampe J, Kühbacher T, Herfarth H, Krawczak M, Fölsch UR, Schreiber S. Pharmacogenetic investigation of the TNF/TNF-receptor system in patients with chronic active Crohn's disease treated with infliximab. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2002; 2:127-36. [PMID: 12049175 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infliximab (anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody) induces remission in 30-40% of Crohn's disease patients. Treatment response is a stable trait. Two cohorts from independent, prospective clinical trials of infliximab in Crohn's disease were studied. Hypotheses were generated in an exploratory cohort (n = 90) and then tested in a confirmatory cohort (n = 444), using a statistical design, which is stable against type 1 and type 2 errors. In the exploratory cohort, the mutant 196Arg allele of TNFR-II (exon 6 polymorphism) and a novel silent polymorphism in exon 2 of TNFR-II were associated with lack of response to infliximab (83.3% in homozygote mutant 196 Arg patients vs 36.9% in heterozygotes and wild-type homozygotes (P = 0.036) and 85.7% in homozygote mutant exon 2 patients vs 36.1% (P = 0.01), respectively). None of the homozygote mutant individuals (0/6) achieved clinical remission, whereas the remission rate was 35.7% (30/84) in wild-type homozygotes and heterozygotes. In the large second cohort, the observed genotype-phenotype associations were not replicated. Other polymorphisms (TNF-alpha promoter -238, -308, -376, -857, -1031, TNF-R-I -609, +36 (exon 1), TNF-R-II 1663, 1690 (3'-UTR)) were not associated with treatment response in both cohorts (P > 0.5). None of the polymorphisms was associated with refractory Crohn's disease itself when compared to healthy controls. In a two-cohort study, a series of polymorphisms in the TNF, the TNF-R-I and in the TNF-R-II genes could be thoroughly excluded as pharmacogenetic markers for a treatment response to infliximab and as etiologic factors for Crohn's disease, respectively. The discrepancy between the two cohorts observed for the TNF-R-II exon 6 and exon 2 polymorphism may point to a weak effect on treatment response but also serves to illustrate the need for a sequential exploratory/confirmatory design in pharmacogenetic studies.
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Schreiber S, Hampe J, Grebe J, Nikolaus S, Stoll M, Fölsch UR. [Genetics and the environment. Has the picture become clearer?]. Internist (Berl) 2002; 43:1335-41. [PMID: 12524914 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-002-0716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P, Hampe J, Nikolaus S, Groessner B, Schottelius A, Kühbacher T, Hämling J, Fölsch UR, Seegert D. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 in human chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2002; 51:379-85. [PMID: 12171960 PMCID: PMC1773344 DOI: 10.1136/gut.51.3.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interferon gamma, as well as activation of proinflammatory signalling molecules such as nuclear factor kappa B, is characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIMS To investigate expression and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 in patients with IBD. PATIENTS Patients with active IBD (n=42), disease specificity controls (n=8), and normal controls (n=12) were investigated. METHODS Expression and activation of STAT1 were assessed by western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays in extracts of endoscopic colonic biopsies. Cellular localisation was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Western blots and immunohistochemical staining revealed an increase in STAT1 expression and activation in mucosal samples from ulcerative colitis and to a lesser extend in Crohn's disease patients. High levels of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-3 expression, an inhibitor of STAT activation, were observed in Crohn's disease patients and normal controls in western blot experiments whereas no differences were observed for SOCS-1 expression. Phosphorylated (p) STAT1 was mainly detected in monocytic cells and neutrophils in the inflamed mucosa. Induction of remission by systemic glucocorticoids led to a decrease in levels of pSTAT1. In vitro studies indicated a direct effect of steroid treatment on STAT1 activation. CONCLUSIONS Expression and activation of STAT1 are predominantly heightened in ulcerative colitis and may therefore play an important role in the pathophysiology of colonic inflammation.
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Hampe J, Wollstein A, Lu T, Frevel HJ, Will M, Manaster C, Schreiber S. An integrated system for high throughput TaqMan based SNP genotyping. Bioinformatics 2001; 17:654-5. [PMID: 11448884 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.7.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have developed an integrated laboratory information system that allows the flexible handling of pedigree, phenotype and genotype information. Specifically, it includes client applications for an integrated data import from TaqMan typing files, Mendel checking, data export, handling of pedigree and phenotype information and analysis features. AVAILABILITY The SQL source code, sources and binaries of the client applications (NT and Windows95/98 platforms) and additional documentation are available at http://www.mucosa.de/.
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Hampe J, Cuthbert A, Croucher PJ, Mirza MM, Mascheretti S, Fisher S, Frenzel H, King K, Hasselmeyer A, MacPherson AJ, Bridger S, van Deventer S, Forbes A, Nikolaus S, Lennard-Jones JE, Foelsch UR, Krawczak M, Lewis C, Schreiber S, Mathew CG. Association between insertion mutation in NOD2 gene and Crohn's disease in German and British populations. Lancet 2001; 357:1925-8. [PMID: 11425413 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)05063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been shown by epidemiological and linkage studies. Genetic linkage of IBD to chromosome 16 has been previously observed and replicated in independent populations. The recently identified NOD2 gene is a good positional and functional candidate gene since it is located in the region of linkage on chromosome 16q12, and activates nuclear factor (NF) kappaB in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Methods We sequenced the coding region of the NOD2 gene and genotyped an insertion polymorphism affecting the leucine-rich region of the protein product in 512 individuals with IBD from 309 German or British families, 369 German trios (ie, German patients with sporadic IBD and their unaffected parents), and 272 normal controls. We then tested for association with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Findings Family-based association analyses were consistently positive in 95 British and 99 German affected sibling pairs with Crohn's disease (combined p<0.0001); the association was confirmed in the 304 German trios with Crohn's disease. No association was seen in the 115 sibling pairs and 65 trios with ulcerative colitis. The genotype-specific disease risks conferred by heterozygous and homozygous mutant genotypes were 2.6 (95% CI 1.5-4.5) and 42.1 (4.3-infinity), respectively. Interpretation The insertion mutation in the NOD2 gene confers a substantially increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease but not to ulcerative colitis.
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Kühbacher T, Gionchetti P, Hampe J, Helwig U, Rosenstiel P, Campieri M, Buhr HJ, Schreiber S. Activation of signal-transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in pouchitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 123:395-401. [PMID: 11298125 PMCID: PMC1906014 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2000] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a hallmark of IFN-gamma receptor signal transduction but is also part of the signalling pathway of other cytokines/growth factor receptors. In ulcerative colitis, high levels of activation and expression of STAT1 have been observed in comparison with both Crohn's Disease and normal controls. Pouchitis develops in some patients after Ileal-Pouch-Anal-Anastomosis (IPAA). The pathophysiology and aetiology of pouchitis is still unclear. Recent studies have shown an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines including IFN-gamma. To investigate the expression and activation of STAT1 in pouchitis and the influence of treatment, patients were followed longitudinally from pouch operation. Diagnosis of pouchitis was made by clinical, endoscopic and histological criteria. Biopsies were obtained during routine endoscopy and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Nuclear and cytosolic extracts were prepared and the expression and activation of specific transcription factors were assessed by Western blot, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunofluorescence. Patients who develop pouchitis show highly increased levels of STAT1 alpha as well as STAT1 beta expression and activation in comparison with both normal pouch and normal ileal mucosa. Improvement of pouchitis during antibiotic therapy relates to a normalization of STAT1 expression and activation. We conclude that activation of STAT1 correlates to clinical disease activity and therefore STAT1 could play an important role in the pathophysiology of pouchitis. Similarities in the pattern of activation of STAT1 in pouchitis and ulcerative colitis may suggest a common pathway in the immunopathophysiology of both diseases.
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Hampe J, Lynch NJ, Daniels S, Bridger S, Macpherson AJ, Stokkers P, Forbes A, Lennard-Jones JE, Mathew CG, Curran ME, Schreiber S. Fine mapping of the chromosome 3p susceptibility locus in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2001; 48:191-7. [PMID: 11156639 PMCID: PMC1728207 DOI: 10.1136/gut.48.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetic predisposition for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been demonstrated by epidemiological and genetic linkage studies. Genetic linkage of IBD to chromosome 3 has been observed previously. A high density analysis of chromosome 3p was performed to confirm prior linkages and elucidate potential genetic associations. METHODS Forty three microsatellite markers on chromosome 3 were genotyped in 353 affected sibling pairs of North European Caucasian extraction (average marker density 2 cM in the linkage interval). Marker order was defined by genetic and radiation hybrid techniques. RESULTS The maximum single point logarithm of odds (LOD) score was observed for Crohn's disease at D3S3591. Peak multipoint LOD scores of 1.65 and 1.40 for the IBD phenotype were observed near D3S1304 (distal 3p) and near D3S1283 in the linkage region previously reported. Crohn's disease contributed predominantly to the linkage. The transmission disequilibrium test showed significant evidence of association (p=0.009) between allele 4 of D3S1076 and the IBD phenotype (51 transmitted v 28 non-transmitted). Two known polymorphisms in the CCR2 and CCR5 genes were analysed, neither of which showed significant association with IBD. Additional haplotype associations were observed in the vicinity of D3S1076. CONCLUSIONS This study provides confirmatory linkage evidence for an IBD susceptibility locus on chromosome 3p and suggests that CCR2 and CCR5 are unlikely to be major susceptibility loci for IBD. The association findings in this region warrant further investigation.
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Chen HC, Bouchie JL, Perez AS, Clermont AC, Izumo S, Hampe J, Feener EP. Role of the angiotensin AT(1) receptor in rat aortic and cardiac PAI-1 gene expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:2297-302. [PMID: 11031218 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.10.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in increasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression, the role of the angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptor is controversial. This report examines the effects of angiotensin peptides, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, and AT(1) antagonism on rat aortic and cardiac PAI-1 gene expression. In vitro, angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang II, and angiotensin Arg(2)-Phe(8) (Ang III) were potent agonists of PAI-1 mRNA expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs), and stimulation of PAI-1 by these peptides was blocked by the AT(1) antagonist candesartan. Angiotensin Val(3)-Phe(8) (Ang IV) and angiotensin Asp(1)-Pro(7) (Ang [1-7]) did not affect PAI-1 expression in RASMCs. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, Ang II increased PAI-1 mRNA expression by 4-fold (P<0.01), and this response was completely blocked by AT(1) receptor antagonism. Continuous intrajugular infusion of Ang II into Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 hours increased aortic and cardiac PAI-1 mRNA expression by 17- and 9 fold, respectively, and these Ang II responses were completely blocked by coinfusion with candesartan. Aortic and cardiac PAI-1 expressions were compared in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats. PAI-1 expression in the aorta and heart from spontaneously hypertensive rats was 5.8-fold and 2-fold higher, respectively, than in control Wistar-Kyoto rats (P<0.05). Candesartan treatment for 1 week reduced aortic and cardiac PAI-1 expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats by 94% and 72%, respectively (P<0.05), but did not affect vascular PAI-1 levels in Wistar-Kyoto rats. These results demonstrate a role for the AT(1) receptor in mediating the effects of Ang II on aortic and cardiac PAI-1 gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Biphenyl Compounds
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/biosynthesis
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2
- Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
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