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Guerra J, Garvin J, Baldinger L, van de Ven C, Roman E, Bhatia M, Satwani P, Bradley M, George D, Schwartz J, Morris E, Hawkes R, Wolownik K, Foley S, Militano O, Cairo M. 164: Risk adapted allogeneic stem cell transplantation (AlloSCT) for acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in pediatric recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Satwani P, Bradley M, Baldinger L, Morris E, van de Ven C, Garvin J, George D, Roman E, Baxer-Lowe L, Schwartz J, Wolownik K, Foley S, Militano O, Cheung YK, Cairo M. 341: Reduced-intensity allogeneic umbilical cord blood transplantation (RI-UCBT) in pediatric recipients with malignant and non-malignant diseases. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Satwani P, Del Toro G, Bradley M, Morris E, van de Ven C, Cheung YK, Yamashiro D, Garvin J, Bhatia M, Roman E, Schwartz J, Militano O, Cooney E, Wolownik K, Hawks R, Foley S, Cairo M. 3: Reduced Intensity (RI) aLlogeneic Cord Blood Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (Allo-CBHCT) in Pediatric Patients with Malignant and Non-Malignant Diseases. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shereck E, Militano O, Cooney E, van de Ven C, Cheung Y, Del Toro G, Bradley B, George D, Garvin J, Hawks R, Wischover C, Wolownick K, Schwartz J, Della-Lotta P, Cairo M. Alternate day ganciclovir and foscarnet is safe and effective in preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in at-risk pediatric and adolescent allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.11.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Papadopoulos KP, Noguera-Irizarry W, Wiebe L, Hesdorffer CS, Garvin J, Nichols GL, Vahdat LH, Lo KMS, Skerrett D, Bernstein D, Sharpe E, Savage DG. Pilot study of tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation with a novel combination of regimens in patients with poor risk lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:491-7. [PMID: 16044139 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to improve the outcome of poor-risk lymphoma patients, we evaluated a novel regimen of tandem high-dose chemotherapy (THDC) with autologous stem cell transplantation. A total of 41 patients (median age 40 years, range 15-68 years) with poor-risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease were enrolled. THDC consisted of melphalan (180 mg/m2) and escalating dose mitoxantrone (30-50 mg/m2) (MMt) for the first conditioning regimen, and thiotepa (500 mg/m2), carboplatin (800 mg/m2), and escalating dose etoposide phosphate (400-850 mg/m2), (ETCb) as the second regimen. In all, 31 patients (76%) completed both transplants, with a median time between transplants of 55 days (range 26-120). The maximum tolerated dose was determined as 40 mg/m2 for mitoxantrone and 550 mg/m2 for etoposide phosphate. The overall toxic death rate was 12%. Following high-dose chemotherapy, 10 of 24 evaluable patients (42%) were in CR. The two-year overall survival and event-free survival is 67% (95% CI, 52-81%) and 45%, (95% CI, 29-61%) for the 41 patients enrolled; and 69% (95% CI, 525-586%) and 48% (95% CI, 30-67%) for the 31 patients completing both transplants. This THDC regimen is feasible but with notable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients; its role in the current treatment of high-risk lymphoma remains to be determined.
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Styczynski J, Cheung YK, Garvin J, Savage DG, Billote GB, Harrison L, Skerrett D, Wolownik K, Wischhover C, Hawks R, Bradley MB, Del Toro G, George D, Yamashiro D, van de Ven C, Cairo MS. Outcomes of unrelated cord blood transplantation in pediatric recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 34:129-36. [PMID: 15107815 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report results of unrelated cord blood transplants (UCBT) in 29 pediatric recipients in one center and the risk factors associated with survival. Median age: 9 years (0.5-20); diagnosis: ALL (9), AML (4), CML (1), HD (3), HLH (1), NHL (3), NBL (2); B-thal (1), FA (1), FEL (1), Krabbe (1), WAS (1), SAA (1); median follow-up: 11 months; conditioning: total body irradiation (TBI)-ablative (14), chemotherapy-ablative (6) and reduced intensity chemotherapy (9); GVHD prophylaxis: MMF/FK506 (18), cyclosporin A (CsA)+steroids+/-MMF (7) or CsA+methotrexate (MTX) (4); median total nucleated cells (TNC): 3.8 x 10(7)/kg (1.1-11); median CD34+: 2.3 x 10(5)/kg (0.2-9.9); and HLA match: 2 (6/6), 5 (5/6), 22 (4/6). Neutrophil engraftment by cumulative incidence curves 63% (median 28 (95% confidence interval (CI) 18-32)). Probability of >/=grade II acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) by day +60 27%, >/=grade III aGVHD 20% and chronic graft-versus-host disease 3%. Estimated 1-year overall survival (OS) 46% (95% CI 30-71) and standard risk 60% (95% CI 29-100%). Variables associated with improved survival by multivariate analysis include non-TBI-ablative conditioning (P=0.024), CD34+/kg (P=0.038) and gender (P=0.048). These results suggest that CD34/kg cell dose and non-TBI-ablative conditioning may be important variables influencing OS following UCBT in pediatric recipients. Given the small number of patients, these results should be viewed cautiously.
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Del Toro G, Satwani P, Bradley MB, George D, Yamashiro D, Garvin J, Skerrett D, Bessmertny O, Van de Ven C, Cairo MS. Reduced intensity conditioning and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RI AlloSCT) in children and adolescents with malignancies following unrelated cord blood and matched family donor AlloSCT results in ≥90% achieving ≥98% donor chimerism. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Del Toro G, Satwani P, Harrison L, Cheung YK, Bradley M, George D, Yamashiro D, Garvin J, Skerrett D, Bessmertny O, Wolownik K, Wischhover C, van de Ven C, Cairo M. Reduced intensity conditioning and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RIAlloSCT) from unrelated cord blood and matched family donors in children and adolescent recipients results in sustained donor chimerism. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2003.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bessmertny O, Farris K, van de Ven C, Harrison L, Osunkwo I, Wolownik K, Garvin J, George D, Del Toro G, Bradley M, Cheung YK, Skerrett D, Cairo M. Tacrolimus (FK-506) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) GVHD prophylaxis in pediatric allogeneic SCT (AlloSCT) recipients: altered MMF pharmacokinetics (pk) associated with acute (A)GVHD. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2003.12.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bradley M, Cooney E, Harrison L, George D, Garvin J, Del Toro G, Bessmertny O, Cheung YK, Weiner M, Kelly K, Gewanter R, Skerrett D, Cairo M. A pilot study of myeloablative (MA) autologous stem cell transplantation (AUTOSCT) followed by reduced intensity (RI) allogeneic transplantation (ALLOSCT) in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2003.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Del Toro G, Satwani P, Harrison L, Cheung YK, Brigid Bradley M, George D, Yamashiro DJ, Garvin J, Skerrett D, Bessmertny O, Wolownik K, Wischhover C, van de Ven C, Cairo MS. A pilot study of reduced intensity conditioning and allogeneic stem cell transplantation from unrelated cord blood and matched family donors in children and adolescent recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33:613-22. [PMID: 14730337 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reduced intensity (RI) allogeneic stem cell transplantation (AlloSCT) was initially demonstrated in adults following HLA-matched family and unrelated adult donor AlloSCT. There is little information about RI AlloSCT in children. We report results of a pilot study of RI AlloSCT in 21 recipients (< or =21 years). Age: median 13 (0.5-21) years, 8F:13M, 14 unrelated cord blood units (UCB) (10 4/6, 4 5/6), two related BM (6/6, 5/6), four related PBSC (2 6/6, 2 5/6), and one related BM+PBSC (6/6). RI: fludarabine, busulfan (n=14); fludarabine, cyclophosphamide (n=4); fludarabine, melphalan (n=1); total body irradiation, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide (n=1); or fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (n=1). Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis: FK506 0.03 mg/kg/day and mycophenolate mofetil 15 mg/kg/q 12 h. UCB median nuc/kg and CD34/kg was 4.3 x 10(7)/kg (0.9-10.8) and 1.9 x 10(5)/kg (0.3-6.9), and related BM/PBSC median nuc/kg and CD34/kg was 8.3 x 10(8) (4.7-18.9) and 5.0 x 10(6)/kg (4.6-6.4). Maximal chimerism following unrelated cord blood transplantation, 100% x 7, 98% x 1, 95% x 2, 55% x 1, and 0% x 3; related PBSC/BM, 100% x 5, 65% x 1, and 55% x 1. Graft failure occurred in 5/21 (24%). In summary, RI AlloSCT in children is feasible and tolerable (< or =25% GF) and results in > or =85% of recipients initially achieving > or =50% donor chimerism.
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Bradley M, Harrison L, George D, Garvin J, Del Toro G, Wolownik K, Cheung Y, Weiner M, Kelly K, Skerritt D, Cairo M. 197A pilot study of myeloablative (MA) autologous stem cell transplantation (Auto SCT) followed by reduced intensity (RI) allogeneic transplantation (ALLO SCT) in children and young adults with relapsed lymphoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1083-8791(03)80190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Styczynski J, Billote G, Cheung Y, Harrison L, Wolownik K, Wischhover C, Garvin J, Bradley M, Del Toro G, George D, van de Ven C, Cairo M. 120Unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) from HLA disparate donors results in a very low risk of ≥grade II acute & chronic GVHD: CD34 dose and non-TBI conditioning predict for significantly improved survival. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1083-8791(03)80121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Levy J, Khaskelberg A, Garvin J. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) involving the gastrointestinal tract: a clinical-electrogastrographic correlation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001; 33:511-4. [PMID: 11698775 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200110000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tormey S, Garvin J, Curran C, Canney M, Malone C, Given H. Tamoxifen and arimidex do not inhibit angiogenesis in vitro. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)80120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
An international flotilla of spacecraft are to be sent to Mars over the next decade in an effort to understand the planet's geology and climate history, and to determine whether some form of life ever started there. At least two spacecraft will be sent at each launch opportunity, and at times up to four spacecraft may be operating simultaneously at the planet.
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Papadakis V, Dunkel IJ, Cramer LD, Kramer E, Papadopoulos E, Goldman S, Packer RJ, Willoughby M, Baker D, Garvin J, Strandjord S, Coccia P, Kaplan AM, Klemperer M, Finlay JL. High-dose carmustine, thiotepa and etoposide followed by autologous bone marrow rescue for the treatment of high risk central nervous system tumors. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 26:153-60. [PMID: 10918425 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Forty-two patients (29 newly diagnosed) with high grade gliomas (n = 37), medulloblastoma (n = 2) or non-biopsied tumors (n = 3) with supratentorial (n = 24), brain stem (n = 11), posterior fossa (n = 5) or spinal (n = 2) location were eligible for this study with adequate organ function and no bone marrow tumor infiltration. Median patient age was 12.2 years (range, 0.7-46.8). A total of 600 mg/m2 BCNU, 900 mg/m2 thiotepa and 1500 or 750 mg/m2 etoposide (VP-16) was administered followed by autologous bone marrow reinfusion (ABMR). Twenty-one newly diagnosed patients received local irradiation (RT) post ABMR. Nine early deaths were observed (21%), as well as one secondary graft failure. Half of the patients aged 18 years or older experienced toxic deaths, whereas only 15% of patients younger than 18 years experienced toxic death (P = 0.05). Of 25 evaluable newly diagnosed patients, 20% achieved complete remission (CR) and 4% partial remission (PR), while 28% remained in continuing complete remission (CCR) and 44% remained with stable disease prior to RT. Of eight evaluable patients with recurrent disease, one achieved CR and two PR, while one remained in CCR and four with stable disease for 1 to 110.2 months. Overall survival was 36%, 24% and 17% at 1, 2 and 3 years following ABMR, with three newly diagnosed patients and one patient treated for recurrent disease being alive, without disease progression 64.4, 67.0, 86.3 and 110.2 months after ABMR, respectively. The combination of high-dose BCNU/ thiotepa/VP-16 has substantial toxicity but definite activity for high risk CNS tumors. Similar protocols with lower toxicity merit further evaluation in both newly diagnosed and recurrent CNS tumors.
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Henricson B, Segarra M, Garvin J, Burns J, Jenkins S, Kim C, Popovic T, Golaz A, Akey B. Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae associated with an equine wound infection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2000; 12:253-7. [PMID: 10826839 DOI: 10.1177/104063870001200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mason WP, Grovas A, Halpern S, Dunkel IJ, Garvin J, Heller G, Rosenblum M, Gardner S, Lyden D, Sands S, Puccetti D, Lindsley K, Merchant TE, O'Malley B, Bayer L, Petriccione MM, Allen J, Finlay JL. Intensive chemotherapy and bone marrow rescue for young children with newly diagnosed malignant brain tumors. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:210-21. [PMID: 9440745 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.1.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a strategy that avoids radiotherapy in children less than 6 years of age with newly diagnosed malignant brain tumors, by administering myeloablative consolidation chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow reconstitution (ABMR) after maximal surgical resection and conventional induction chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between March 1991 and April 1995, 62 children (median age, 30 months) with newly diagnosed malignant brain tumors were enrolled onto this trial. Children received conventional induction chemotherapy with vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide, repeated every 3 weeks for five cycles. Children without disease progression on induction chemotherapy were offered consolidation with myeloablative chemotherapy that incorporated carboplatin, thiotepa, and etoposide followed by ABMR. Irradiation was used only for residual tumor at consolidation or for progressive/recurrent disease. RESULTS Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated by most patients; however, progression was noted in 17 children (27%) and four (6%) died of treatment complications. Of 37 children who received consolidation chemotherapy with ABMR, 15 are free of disease progression (median post-ABMR without further treatment, >44 months). The remaining 22 all progressed within 15 months of ABMR; three of 37 (8%) died of treatment-related complications. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates from diagnosis for all children are 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28% to 52%) and 25% (95% CI, 13% to 37%), respectively. Radiotherapy was administered to 19 of 62 children: 17 for progressive disease (PD) and two for residual disease at the time of ABMR. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of children with malignant brain tumors can avoid radiotherapy and prolonged maintenance chemotherapy yet still achieve durable remission with this brief intensive chemotherapy regimen.
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Emy PY, Levin TL, Sheth SS, Ruzal-Shapiro C, Garvin J, Berdon WE. Iron overload in reticuloendothelial systems of pediatric oncology patients who have undergone transfusions: MR observations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997; 168:1011-5. [PMID: 9124106 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.168.4.9124106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric oncology patients who undergo intensive chemotherapy develop anemia caused by myeloid suppression that necessitates transfusions that, in turn, cause iron deposition in the reticuloendothelial system. We describe MR imaging of iron overload in pediatric patients who underwent such chemotherapy and who have solid and hematologic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MR appearance of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow was evaluated in 13 children with both solid (n = 10) and hematologic (n = 3) malignant lesions using known criteria for the presence of iron deposition. Findings were correlated with transfusional history, chemotherapeutic regimens, and ferritin levels. RESULTS MR imaging obtained after chemotherapy and transfusional therapy revealed signs of iron deposition in the liver and spleen, particularly on T2-weighted images. Bone marrow signal intensity varied among patients. Pancreatic signal intensity was normal. Ferritin levels were elevated in all patients. CONCLUSION Reticuloendothelial system iron deposition present in follow-up MR imaging of pediatric solid and hematologic malignant lesions reflected the intensity of the chemotherapeutic regimen, the degree of myeloid suppression, and the resultant transfusional requirements. Such iron deposition appeared to have no effect on cardiac, liver, or pancreatic function.
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Abramson SJ, Berdon WE, Stolar C, Ruzal-Shapiro C, Garvin J. Stage IVN neuroblastoma: MRI diagnosis of left supraclavicular "Virchow's" nodal spread. Pediatr Radiol 1996; 26:717-9. [PMID: 8805603 DOI: 10.1007/bf01383387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stage IV neuroblastoma is associated with high mortality; an exception are patients whose stage IV status includes distant positive nodes, but no skeletal metastases-stage IVN neuroblastoma. We describe our experience with preoperative MRI in three patients with extensive abdominal neuroblastoma without cortical bony involvement but with unsuspected metastatic involvement to the left supraclavicular (Virchow's) node. We review findings of left supraclavicular nodal spread in five earlier cases of IVN neuroblastoma.
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Finlay JL, Goldman S, Wong MC, Cairo M, Garvin J, August C, Cohen BH, Stanley P, Zimmerman RA, Bostrom B, Geyer JR, Harris RE, Sanders J, Yates AJ, Boyett JM, Packer RJ. Pilot study of high-dose thiotepa and etoposide with autologous bone marrow rescue in children and young adults with recurrent CNS tumors. The Children's Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14:2495-503. [PMID: 8823328 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1996.14.9.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the toxicity, radiographic response rate, and outcome following high-dose thiotepa, etoposide, and autologous bone marrow rescue (ABMR) for young patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors. METHODS Eligibility criteria required adequate renal, hepatic, and pulmonary function, and no bone marrow infiltration. Thiotepa 300 mg/m2 and etoposide 500 mg/ m2 were infused on 3 consecutive days, and autologous bone marrow was infused 72 hours following chemotherapy. RESULTS Forty-five patients with recurrent high-grade brain tumors, aged 8 months to 36 years (median, 8 years), were treated. Seven patients (16%) died of treatment-related toxicities within 56 days of marrow reinfusion. Delayed platelet engraftment occurred in 44% of patients who survived beyond day 56. Of 35 patients with radiographically measurable disease who survived at least 28 days following ABMR, there were two complete responses (CRs) and six partial responses (PRs), for an overall response (CRs plus PRs) rate of 23% (SE = 7%). Objective responses were observed in four of 14 assessable patients with high-grade glioma and in two of six with primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs)/ medulloblastoma. Survival was significantly improved in patients treated with minimal residual disease (P < .0005). Five of 18 patients (28%) with high-grade gliomas remain free of disease at 39+, 44+, 49+, 52+, and 59+ months post-ABMR. CONCLUSION The combination of high-dose thiotepa and etoposide has activity against a variety of recurrent childhood brain tumors. These results merit further evaluation in children and young adults with both recurrent and newly diagnosed high-grade brain tumors.
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Juncos LA, Ren Y, Arima S, Garvin J, Carretero OA, Ito S. Angiotensin II action in isolated microperfused rabbit afferent arterioles is modulated by flow. Kidney Int 1996; 49:374-81. [PMID: 8821820 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1996.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have recently presented evidence that endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs) modulate angiotensin II (Ang II) action in microperfused afferent arterioles (Af-Arts). Because flow may be a physiological stimulus of endothelial release of NO and PGs, we tested the hypothesis that flow through the lumen of the Af-Art stimulates the endothelium to produce NO and PGs, which in turn modulate the action of Ang II. We microdissected the terminal segment of an interlobular artery together with two Af-Arts, their glomeruli and efferent arterioles (Ef-Art). The two Af-Arts were perfused simultaneously from the interlobular artery, while one Ef-Art was occluded. Since the arteriolar perfusate contained 5% albumin, oncotic pressure built up in the glomerulus with the occluded Ef-Art and opposed the force of filtration, resulting in little or no flow through the corresponding Af-Art. Thus this preparation allowed us to observe Ang II action in free-flow and non-flow Af-Arts simultaneously. Ang II-induced constriction was weaker in free-flow than non-flow Af-Arts, with the luminal diameter decreasing by 8 +/- 2% and 23 +/- 3% at 10(-9) M, respectively (P < 0.013 free-flow vs. non-flow; N = 9). Disrupting the endothelium augmented Ang II action in free-flow (33 +/- 5.1%; P < 0.01 vs. intact endothelium) but not non-flow Af-Arts (31 +/- 5.3%), thus abolishing the differences between them (N = 8). Pretreatment with an inhibitor of either NO synthase (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) or cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) augmented Ang II action more in free-flow than non-flow Af-Arts, likewise abolishing the differences between them. These results suggest that intraluminal flow modulates the vasoconstrictor action of Ang II in Af-Arts via endothelium-derived NO and PGs. Thus flow may be important in the fine control of glomerular hemodynamics.
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Monteith DK, Emmerling MR, Garvin J, Theiss JC. Cytotoxicity study of tacrine, structurally and pharmacologically related compounds using rat hepatocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 1996; 19:71-84. [PMID: 8804554 DOI: 10.3109/01480549609002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tacrine is the first drug approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Approximately 50% of patients treated with tacrine develop elevated serum aminotransferase levels, as an indication of potential hepatotoxicity. However, acute and chronic studies with a limited number of animal models have not demonstrated hepatotoxicity. The present study compared the cytotoxicity in hepatocyte cultures of tacrine with structurally (proflavine and 9-aminoacridine) or pharmacologically similar compounds (physostigmine), as well as structurally modified tacrine to determine if there was a structure activity relationship with regards to toxicity. Cytotoxicity was assessed by determination of extra- and intracellular amounts of lactate dehydrogenase. Cytotoxicity was assessed after a four-hour exposure over a test compound concentration range of 0 to 3 mM. Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity occurred with tacrine and all structurally related compounds. Physostigmine which is pharmacologically similar, but structurally different, did not induce cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic potency did not appear to be related to acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, while compounds with acridine structures induced cytotoxicity. Thus, in this in vitro model, cytotoxicity appears to be related to structure and not pharmacological action. Results of this study indicate that compounds structurally related to tacrine are cytotoxic because of the heterocyclic ring structure. Neither unsaturation of an aromatic ring of the heterocyclic compound, amino substitution of the heterocyclic rings, N-hydroxylation of the amino group, nor ring hydroxylation dramatically alter cytotoxicity.
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Juncos LA, Garvin J, Carretero OA, Ito S. Flow modulates myogenic responses in isolated microperfused rabbit afferent arterioles via endothelium-derived nitric oxide. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:2741-8. [PMID: 7769114 PMCID: PMC295958 DOI: 10.1172/jci117977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow may be a physiological stimulus of the endothelial release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs). We tested the hypothesis that pressure-induced constriction of the glomerular afferent arteriole (Af-Art) is modulated by luminal flow via endothelial production of NO. We microdissected the terminal segment of an interlobular artery together with two Af-Arts, their glomeruli (GL) and efferent arterioles (Ef-Art). The two Af-Arts were perfused simultaneously from the interlobular artery, while one Ef-Art was occluded. Since the arteriolar perfusate contained 5% albumin, oncotic pressure built up in the glomerulus with the occluded Ef-Art and opposed the force of filtration, resulting in little or no flow through the corresponding Af-Art. Thus this preparation allowed us to observe free-flow and no-flow Af-Arts simultaneously during stepwise 30-mmHg increases in intraluminal pressure (from 30 to 120 mmHg). Pressure-induced constriction was weaker in free-flow than no-flow Af-Arts, with the luminal diameter decreasing by 11.1 +/- 1.7 and 25.6 +/- 2.3% (n = 30), respectively, at 120 mmHg. To examine whether flow modulates myogenic constriction through endothelium-derived NO and/or PGs, we examined pressure-induced constriction before and after (a) disruption of the endothelium, (b) inhibition of NO synthesis with NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or (c) inhibition of cyclooxygenase with indomethacin. Both endothelial disruption and L-NAME augmented pressure-induced constriction in free-flow but not no-flow Af-Arts, abolishing the differences between the two. However, indomethacin had no effect in either free-flow or no-flow Af-Arts. These results suggest that intraluminal flow attenuates pressure-induced constriction in Af-Arts via endothelium-derived NO. Thus flow-stimulated NO release may be important in the fine control of glomerular hemodynamics.
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