[Research on the framework of biosafety standards for pathogenic microbial laboratories]

Developing and implementing biosafety standards for pathogenic microbiology laboratories is essential to achieving scientific, efficient, and standardized management and operation. This article analyzes the current standardization construction in biosafety in pathogenic microbiology laboratories domestically and internationally. It proposes a framework for the biosafety standard system of pathogenic microbiology laboratories, which mainly includes four parts: basic standards, management standards, technical standards, and industry applications. It provides a reference for the standardization work of pathogenic microbiology laboratories and helps to standardize the biosafety industry in China.

Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment

On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light produced 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, a result which significantly exceeds the Lawson criterion for fusion ignition as reported in a previous NIF implosion [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This achievement is the culmination of more than five decades of research and gives proof that laboratory fusion, based on fundamental physics principles, is possible. This Letter reports on the target, laser, design, and experimental advancements that led to this result.

Search for Scalar Leptoquarks Produced via τ-Lepton-Quark Scattering in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The first search for scalar leptoquarks produced in τ-lepton-quark collisions is presented. It is based on a set of proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. The reconstructed final state consists of a jet, significant missing transverse momentum, and a τ lepton reconstructed through its hadronic or leptonic decays. Limits are set on the product of the leptoquark production cross section and branching fraction and interpreted as exclusions in the plane of the leptoquark mass and the leptoquark-τ-quark coupling strength.

Genome-wide association study identifies multiple loci influencing duck serum biochemical indicators in the laying period

1. Laying performance is an important economic trait in poultry. The blood is essential in transporting nutrients to the yolk and albumen and is necessary for egg formation.2. This study calculated the phenotypic relationships of duck egg quality, egg production efficiency and 22 serum parameters in the egg-laying stage. Using a variety of methodologies, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out to uncover the genetic foundations of the 22 serum biochemical markers of laying ducks.3. Spearman correlation coefficients between the egg production (226-329 per day) and the serum parameters were all weak, being less than 0.3. This analysis was done on 22 serum parameters, with total protein (TP), total triglycerides (TG), calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) having the highest correlation coefficients (r = 0.56-0.88). The coefficients for blood markers, such as total cholesterol (CHOL), total bilirubin (TBIL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) varied from 0.70-0.94.4. Based on single-marker single-trait genome-wide analyses by a mixed linear model program of EMMAX, nine candidate genes were associated with enzyme traits (AST/ALT aspartate transaminase/glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, creatine kinase) and 19 candidate genes were associated with metabolism and protein-related serum parameters (glucose, total bile acid, uric acid (UA), albumin (ALB).5. The mvLMM (multivariate linear mixed model) of GEMMA software was used to carry out multiple trait integrated GWAS. Two candidate genes were found in the TP-TG-CA-P analysis and seven candidate genes in the CHOL_LDL-C_HDL-C_TBIL study. There was a high genetic correlation between the two groups.

The impact of air pollutants on spontaneous abortion: a case-control study in Tongchuan City

OBJECTIVES

Studies related to air pollutants and spontaneous abortion in urban northwestern China are scarce, and the main exposure windows of pollutants acting on pregnant women are unclear.

STUDY DESIGN

Case-control study.

METHODS

Data were collected from pregnant women in Tongchuan City from 2018 to 2019. A total of 289 cases of spontaneous abortion and 1156 cases of full-term labor were included and analyzed using a case-control study. Logistic regression models were developed to explore the relationship between air pollutants and spontaneous abortion after Chi square analysis and Air pollutant description.

RESULTS

O3 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.028) is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion throughout pregnancy. PM2.5 (OR = 1.015), PM10 (OR = 1.010), SO2 (OR = 1.026), and NO2 (OR = 1.028) are risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the 30 days before the last menstrual period. PM2.5 (OR = 1.015), PM10 (OR = 1.013), SO2 (OR = 1.036), and NO2 (OR = 1.033) are risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the 30-60 days before the last menstrual period. PM2.5 (OR = 1.028), PM10 (OR = 1.013), SO2 (OR = 1.035), and NO2 (OR = 1.059) are risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the 60-90 days before the last menstrual period.

CONCLUSION

Exposure to high levels of air pollutants may be a cause of increased risk of spontaneous abortion, especially in the first trimester of the last menstrual period.

Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with gastric cancer

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with gastric cancer (GC), published in late 2022 and the updated ESMO Gastric Cancer Living Guideline published in July 2023, were adapted in August 2023, according to previously established standard methodology, to produce the Pan-Asian adapted (PAGA) ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of Asian patients with GC. The adapted guidelines presented in this manuscript represent the consensus opinions reached by a panel of Asian experts in the treatment of patients with GC representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), Indonesia (ISHMO), India (ISMPO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), the Philippines (PSMO), Singapore (SSO), Taiwan (TOS) and Thailand (TSCO), coordinated by ESMO and the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (JSMO). The voting was based on scientific evidence and was independent of the current treatment practices, drug access restrictions and reimbursement decisions in the different Asian regions represented by the 10 oncological societies. The latter are discussed separately in the manuscript. The aim is to provide guidance for the optimisation and harmonisation of the management of patients with GC across the different regions of Asia, drawing on the evidence provided by both Western and Asian trials, whilst respecting the differences in screening practices, molecular profiling and age and stage at presentation. Attention is drawn to the disparity in the drug approvals and reimbursement strategies, between the different regions of Asia.

Biomechanical study on the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture by open reduction and internal fixation with hollow nail internal fixation

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of open reduction and internal fixation with hollow nail internal fixation for Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

From January 2016 to February 2021, a total of 100 eligible patients with Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture were involved in this study and divided into two groups randomly: the combined remedy group and the closed therapy group, with 50 patients in each group. After that, 50 subjects in the combined remedy group were treated with open reduction and support plate combined with hollow screw internal fixation, and the treatment conditions were observed and recorded. The closed therapy group received routine treatment.

RESULTS

Among the 100 patients selected, the operation time of the combined remedy group was significantly lower than that of the closed therapy group, and the intraoperative bleeding was also significantly less. In the closed therapy group, the time of getting out of bed after the operation and the excellent and good rate were better; moreover, the functional score and pain score of three months after the operation were significantly better than that of one month after the operation. The functional score and pain score of one month after the operation were not statistically significant for the combined remedy group or the closed therapy group.

CONCLUSIONS

In the treatment of Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture with open reduction and internal fixation combined with hollow nail internal fixation, the operation time and intraoperative bleeding volume were significantly decreased, but the postoperative recovery time was enhanced compared to that of total joint replacement. After the operation, the functional score and pain score had a significant relationship with the recovery time, and there was no significant relationship with the type of treatment. Therefore, in clinical treatment, doctors should take appropriate treatment methods for their patients.

Bosentan and ambrisentan in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

The aim is to showcase the effectiveness and safety of bosentan or ambrisentan in individuals diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and offer fresh evidence for the management of this condition.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

For this research, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by searching various databases, including the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database, PubMed, and Web of Science. The retrieval was conducted until November 2021. We analyzed the variances in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), death, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), forced vital capacity (FVC), hospitalization, IPF worsening, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, serious adverse events (SAEs), Short Form-36 improved, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire between the treatment and control groups.

RESULTS

A sum of six studies involving 1,928 participants were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The quality of evidence was high. The control group had significantly higher values for 6MWD, DLCO, and FVC compared to the ambrisentan treatment group. The rates of hospitalization and IPF worsening were considerably greater in comparison with the control group. The bosentan group exhibited significantly reduced rates of hospitalization and IPF worsening in comparison with the control group. Both drugs did not cause any raising in death or SAEs when in comparison with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this research validate the effectiveness and safety of bosentan for treating IPF patients. This medication can enhance the quality of life for individuals with IPF without causing any significant increase in SAEs. However, it does not have a notable influence on the long-term prognosis. The findings of this research do not endorse the utilization of ambrisentan in individuals diagnosed with IPF.

The pathogenicity and immune effects of different generations of Mycoplasma synoviae on chicken embryos

1. Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is the primary causative agent of synovitis in avian species. In order to investigate the pathogenicity and immunological responses associated with MS in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos, a series of generations (F1, F95, F120, F160 and F200) of MS were introduced into 7-day-old SPF chicken embryos and subsequent mortality rates were recorded and analysed2. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect expression of heat shock proteins HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 and inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the tracheal tissue.3. The results showed that the mortality rate of SPF chicken embryos decreased with an increase in the number of passages, with the highest being 80% (8/10) for F1 generation and the lowest being 10% (1/10) for F200. The expression of HSP27, IL-1β, HSP40, caspase-1, HSP70 and HSP90 showed a significant downregulation trend with an increase in the generation (except IL-18; P < 0.05). The HSP60 expression was significantly upregulated with increasing generations (P < 0.05).4. A relationship between pathogenicity and the number of passages was observed and the decrease in pathogenicity appeared to be associated with HSP and genes related to inflammatory factors. The present work offers a scientific foundation for screening potential MS strains that might be employed to develop attenuated vaccines.

[Analyses of the risk factors for the progression of primary antiphospholipid syndrome to systemic lupus erythematosus]

Objectives: Analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) progressing to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Explore the risk factors for the progression from PAPS to SLE. Methods: The clinical data of 262 patients with PAPS enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from February 2005 to September 2021 were evaluated. Assessments included demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests (serum levels of complement, anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies), treatment, and outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of SLE in patients with PAPS. Univariate Cox regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors for PAPS progressing to SLE. Results: Among 262 patients with PAPS, 249 had PAPS (PAPS group) and 13 progressed to SLE (5.0%) (PAPS-SLE group). Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that cardiac valve disease (HR=6.360), positive anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (HR=7.203), low level of complement C3 (HR=25.715), and low level of complement C4 (HR=10.466) were risk factors for the progression of PAPS to SLE, whereas arterial thrombotic events (HR=0.109) were protective factors (P<0.05 for all). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the prevalence of SLE in patients suffering from PAPS with a disease course>10 years was 9%-15%. Hydroxychloroquine treatment had no effect on the occurrence of SLE in patients with PAPS (HR=0.753, 95%CI 0.231-2.450, P=0.638). Patients with≥2 risk factors had a significantly higher prevalence of SLE compared with those with no or one risk factor (13-year cumulative prevalence of SLE 48.7% vs. 0 vs. 6.2%, P<0.001 for both). Conclusions: PAPS may progress to SLE in some patients. Early onset, cardiac-valve disease, positive anti-dsDNA antibody, and low levels of complement are risk factors for the progression of PAPS to SLE (especially in patients with≥2 risk factors). Whether application of hydroxychloroquine can delay this transition has yet to be demonstrated.

Gga-let-7a-3p inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of chicken intramuscular preadipocytes

1. Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a key parameter for chicken meat quality. IMF deposition is driven by genetic, nutritional and management factors, with genetics being the determining factor. Previous whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that microRNA gga-let-7a-3p was related to lipid metabolism in breast muscle. This study further investigated the potential role of gga-let-7a-3p in IMF deposition.2. The mimic and inhibitor of gga-let-7a-3p were individually transfected into chicken intramuscular preadipocytes. Subsequently, the proliferation and differentiation states of the cells were detected. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on cells transfected with gga-let-7a-3p mimic.3. The results indicated that gga-let-7a-3p suppressed the mRNA levels of proliferation and differentiation-related genes, as well as the protein levels. EdU and Oil Red O assays revealed that gga-let-7a-3p restrained preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. In addition, a total of 333 up-regulated genes and 807 down-regulated genes were identified in cells transfected with gga-let-7a-3p mimic. Using Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, differential genes were found to be enriched in processes such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway and oxidative phosphorylation.4. The study demonstrated that gga-let-7a-3p inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of chicken intramuscular preadipocytes, which provides new understanding to further unravel the function of gga-let-7a-3p.

[Maternal and Child Health Exhibition in the early days of the People's Republic of China]

In the early days of the People's Republic of China, Maternal and Child Health Exhibitions were widely held in urban and rural areas across the country. The vivid image and wide coverage of the Exhibition have directly promoted the popularization of a new and more progressive delivery methods in urban and rural areas across the country. While effectively protecting the health of mothers and children, the people's political power is closely linked to "progress".The purpose, organizer and content of the Maternal and Child Health Exhibition are related to the policies of new methods of midwifery, painless delivery, and birth control in the early days of People's Republic of China.It also partly carried the mission of learning from the Soviet Union to "learn from the advanced medical experience", therefore the content in the first ten years was slightly different.

Search for Inelastic Dark Matter in Events with Two Displaced Muons and Missing Transverse Momentum in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

A search for dark matter in events with a displaced nonresonant muon pair and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1} of proton-proton (pp) collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV produced by the LHC in 2016-2018. No significant excess over the predicted backgrounds is observed. Upper limits are set on the product of the inelastic dark matter production cross section σ(pp→A^{'}→χ_{1}χ_{2}) and the decay branching fraction B(χ_{2}→χ_{1}μ^{+}μ^{-}), where A^{'} is a dark photon and χ_{1} and χ_{2} are states in the dark sector with near mass degeneracy. This is the first dedicated collider search for inelastic dark matter.

[Arterial spin labeling in assessment of interstitial fibrosis in renal allografts]

Objective: To explore the feasibility and application value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in evaluating the degree of renal fibrosis after kidney transplantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Renal transplant recipients who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from December 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled. All participants underwent ASL scan, and the values of renal cortical renal blood flow (RBF) were measured through post-processing software. The participants were divided into different groups according to the Banff interstitial fibrosis score (ci score) of the transplanted kidneys, and then relevant indicators were compared. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to compare the differences in renal cortical RBF among the groups. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the association between renal cortical RBF and ci score of the transplanted kidney. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the diagnostic effectiveness of renal cortical RBF and laboratory indicators for distinguishing varying degrees of fibrosis in transplanted kidneys. The Delong test was utilized to compare the area under the curve (AUC). Results: A total of 60 patients (42 males and 18 females) were included in the study, with a mean age of (44.6±10.8) years. All patients were divided into 4 groups: ci0 group (ci score=0, 11 cases), ci1 group (ci score=1, 21 cases), ci2 group (ci score=2, 20 cases), and ci3 group (ci score=3, 8 cases). With an increase in the degree of fibrosis in the transplanted kidney, there was a corresponding decrease in the renal cortical RBF value. The differences in renal cortical RBF values among the 4 groups were statistically significant[ci0 group: (214.9±28.5) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; ci1 group: (181.7±29.3) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; ci2 group: (158.8±39.2) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; ci3 group: (123.1±27.2) ml·(100 g)-1·min-1; F=14.02, P<0.001]. The renal cortical RBF was moderately negatively correlated with the ci score (r=-0.644, P<0.001). The AUC for discriminating between ci0 and ci1-3 of renal cortical RBF and 24-hour urine protein was 0.881 (95%CI: 0.772-0.950) and 0.680 (95%CI: 0.547-0.795), respectively. The AUC for renal cortical RBF was significantly higher than that for 24-hour urine protein (P=0.047). The renal cortical RBF can distinguish between ci0-1 and ci2-3, as well as ci0-2 and ci3, with the corresponding AUC value of 0.796 (95%CI: 0.673-0.889) and 0.900 (95%CI: 0.795-0.963), respectively. Conclusion: ASL can quantitatively assess renal blood perfusion in transplanted kidneys and demonstrates high operational efficacy in distinguishing varying degrees of fibrosis in the transplanted kidneys.

[Efficacy and safety analysis of bupivacaine liposome for pericapsular nerve group block for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients with hip replacement]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine liposome for pericapsular nerve group block (PENGB) for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients with total hip replacement. Methods: A total of 42 elderly patients underwent total hip replacement were selected in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from May to July in 2023, including 19 males and 23 females, aged (68.8±6.3) years, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ. They were divided into bupivacaine liposome group (observation group) and levobupivacaine hydrochloride group (control group) according to random number table, with 21 cases in each group. All the patients were anesthetized by lumbar anesthesia combined with PENGB. During PENGB, the observation group was injected with 10 ml (133 mg) bupivacaine liposome+5 ml normal saline, and the control group was injected with 10 ml (75 mg) levobupivacaine hydrochloride+5 ml normal saline. The primary outcome measures included the rest and movement visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after operation, the sufentanil consumption in analgesic pump, the numbers of analgesic pump compressions, and the rates of additional parexib sodium use in ward. The secondary outcome measures were the changes in lower limb muscle strength, the length of hospital stay and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results: There was no significant difference in the rest and movement VAS scores between the two groups at pre-operation and at 6 h after operation (P>0.05);but the rest and movement VAS scores at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h after operation in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05); the rest and movement VAS scores at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h after operation were lower than those at pre-operation in two group (P<0.05). The consumption of sufentanil in analgesic pump and parexib sodium usage in observation group were lower than those in control group at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after operation (P<0.05). The total number of analgesic pump compressions, the number of effective compressions and the number of ineffective compressions in 48 h in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The muscle strength of the lower limbs of all patients were able to move against gravity at 12 h after operation. The incidence of nausea in 48 h after operation in observation group was 9.5% (2/21), which was lower than 42.9% (9/21) in control group (P=0.014). No postoperative vomiting occurred in all patients. The length of the hospital stay was (9.3±2.2) d in observation group and (8.9±1.9) d in control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.500). Conclusion: Compared with levobupivacaine hydrochloride, liposomal bupivacaine in PENGB provides analgesic effects for up to 72 h after total hip replacement in elderly patients, reduces postoperative opioid and other analgesics usage, decreases the incidence of postoperative nausea, and has a minor effect on lower limb movement without prolonging hospitalization.

[Studies on clinicopathological features of duodenal-type follicular lymphoma of 18 patients]

To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of duodenal-type follicular lymphoma (D-FL), and to deepen the understanding of Duodenal-type follicular lymphoma. The clinical symptoms, endoscopic features, pathologic features, immunophenotype, molecular pathological features and treatment follow-up of 18 D-FL patients diagnosed in Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2020 and July 2023 were summarized. A total of 18 patients with D-FL were included, including 10 males and 8 females. The median age was 49 (32-69) years respectively. Most of the patients were found during gastroenteroscopy or presented with the common gastrointestinal symptoms of stomach pain, acid reflux, vomiting and diarrhea. Most endoscopic findings were multiple small gray and white polyposis. In the pathological morphology, the mucous layer and submucous layer showed lymphoid follicular structures with full and strained follicles. The immunophenotype showed that the tumor cells strongly expressed CD20 and BCL2 and had low proliferation activity. Immunoglobulin clonal analysis of 1 case showed IgK monoclonal rearrangement (1/1). FISH showed 1 case of BCL2 gene rearrangement (1/3). All patients did not receive targeted chemotherapy and adopted a wait-and-see strategy. Median follow-up was 12 (2-34) months. This study shows that D-FL is an indolent lymphoma, which tends to occur in the duodenum and has a good prognosis.

[Secondary non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection in patients with bronchiectasis caused by Marfan syndrome]

In this article, we reported a 28-year-old female patient who presented with intermittent hemoptysis, cough, and sputum production. Laboratory tests showed no abnormalities in the blood counts or inflammatory markers, and the sputum cultures were negative. A chest computed tomography scan showed bronchiectasis associated with infection in the middle and lower lobes of the right lung and right pleural thickening. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage by bronchoscopy in the dorsal segment of the right lower lobe and found Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAC) by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The patient's symptoms improved significantly after anti-mycobacterium treatment and the extent of infection was reduced on imaging. To further identify the cause of bronchiectasis, the patient is tall and thin, with slender limbs. Cardiac color ultrasound showed the widening of aortic sinus. Her genetic testing of blood samples revealed the gene mutation in the FBN1 gene (c.4349G>A). Based on these results, she was diagnosed with Marfan syndrome.

[Clinical pathological and genetic mutation characteristics of conjunctival lymphoepithelial carcinoma]

Objective: To analyze the clinical pathological and genetic mutation characteristics of conjunctival lymphoepithelial carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. Data from three patients diagnosed with conjunctival lymphoepithelial carcinoma and treated with tumor resection surgery at Tianjin Eye Hospital from January 2006 to December 2022 were collected. Four paraffin specimens (including one patient undergoing two surgeries) were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for epithelial antigen and lymphocytic antigen. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA (EBER) was detected using in situ hybridization, and whole-exome sequencing was performed on three specimens from two patients using next-generation sequencing methods. Results: All three patients were males aged over 65, with a disease duration ranging from 3 to 44 months. The tumors were unilateral, located on the bulbar or limbal conjunctiva, appearing red, with a maximum diameter of 4-20 mm. Imaging examinations revealed anterior location of the tumors with no involvement of the orbital bone, extraocular muscles, optic nerve, or paranasal sinuses. No local lymph node metastasis was observed in any patient. Pathological findings included undifferentiated carcinoma nests with significant reactive lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration. Tumor cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin (CK-pan), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), tumor protein 40 (p40), and tumor protein 63 (p63), with a cell proliferation index (Ki67) exceeding 80%. Cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20), CD3, and CD8 were positive for lymphocytes. In situ hybridization showed partial tumor cell expression of EBER in two specimens of one patient. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 58, 50, and 36 mutated genes in the three specimens, with enriched signaling pathways including melanoma signaling pathway, Notch1 signaling pathway, and RHOQ GTP cycle; enriched biochemical processes included amino acid starvation response, programmed cell death, regulation of lipid synthesis, sodium ion transport, and chromosome segregation. The common mutated gene in all three specimens was SZT2, and SZT2 was involved in the amino acid starvation response. One patient underwent a second complete resection surgery 40 months after partial excision, while the other two underwent complete resection surgery without recurrence. Two patients did not undergo radiation or chemotherapy, and one was lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Conjunctival lymphoepithelial carcinoma is associated with prominent lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration, some cases are associated with EBV infection, and SZT2 mutations are present in conjunctival lymphoepithelial carcinoma.

[Clinical efficacy of modified Yokoyama procedure with extraocular muscle transposition for high myopic eyes with restrictive esotropia]

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the modified Yokoyama procedure with extraocular muscle transposition for high myopic eyes with restrictive esotropia. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. Clinical data were collected from patients who underwent the modified Yokoyama procedure with extraocular muscle transposition for high myopic eyes with restrictive esotropia at Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from February 2017 to February 2022. During the procedure, the superior rectus and lateral rectus muscles were fully separated. A longitudinal blunt incision was made in the central muscle belly extending posteriorly to 12-14 mm from the muscle insertion. The temporal half of the superior rectus muscle and the upper half of the lateral rectus muscle belly were transposed and secured to the contralateral muscle insertion. Simultaneously, medial rectus muscle recession was performed. Follow-up visits were conducted at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Patients' ocular alignment, eye movements, improvement in compensatory head posture, objective degrees of strabismus using synoptophore, changes in extraocular muscles and globe position on orbital CT scan were recorded. Surgical complications were also documented. Results: Five patients (8 eyes) were included in this study, including 4 females (7 eyes) and 1 male (1 eye), with an average age of (63±11) years and an average axial length of (34.58±2.25) mm. The medial rectus muscle recession during surgery was (7.6±2.3) mm. Preoperatively, all patients had esotropia with a horizontal range of+15°to+45° and a vertical range of+15°to+45°. Significant limitations in lateral and upward gaze were observed, with a degree of restriction ranging from-3 (-4 to-1). Three patients with bilateral involvement and one patient with unilateral involvement exhibited significant compensatory head postures. One patient with unilateral involvement had no compensatory head posture. Preoperative orbital CT scans indicated nasal displacement of the superior rectus muscle and inferior displacement of the lateral rectus muscle, with the eyeball herniating from the muscle cone. At the 6-month follow-up, all patients achieved nearly orthophoric alignment. Objective degrees of horizontal strabismus ranged from-4°to+7°, and vertical strabismus ranged from 0°to +6°, as determined by synoptophore examination. Eye movements significantly improved, with a degree of restriction of-1 (-2 to-1) for lateral gaze and-2 (-3 to-1) for upward gaze. Compensatory head postures disappeared, and orbital CT scans indicated the eyeball was located within the muscle cone. There were no severe complications such as anterior segment ischemia, muscle adhesions, disease recurrence, secondary glaucoma, or globe penetration. Conclusion: The preliminary clinical outcomes of the modified Yokoyama procedure with extraocular muscle transposition for high myopic eyes with restrictive esotropia are promising.

Luminosity determination using Z boson production at the CMS experiment

The measurement of Z boson production is presented as a method to determine the integrated luminosity of CMS data sets. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2017 at a center-of-mass energy of 13Te V . Events with Z bosons decaying into a pair of muons are selected. The total number of Z bosons produced in a fiducial volume is determined, together with the identification efficiencies and correlations from the same data set, in small intervals of 20pb - 1 of integrated luminosity, thus facilitating the efficiency and rate measurement as a function of time and instantaneous luminosity. Using the ratio of the efficiency-corrected numbers of Z bosons, the precisely measured integrated luminosity of one data set is used to determine the luminosity of another. For the first time, a full quantitative uncertainty analysis of the use of Z  bosons for the integrated luminosity measurement is performed. The uncertainty in the extrapolation between two data sets, recorded in 2017 at low and high instantaneous luminosity, is less than 0.5%. We show that the Z boson rate measurement constitutes a precise method, complementary to traditional methods, with the potential to improve the measurement of the integrated luminosity.

Measurement of the production cross section for a W boson in association with a charm quark in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

The strange quark content of the proton is probed through the measurement of the production cross section for a W boson and a charm (c) quark in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13Te V . The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138fb - 1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The W bosons are identified through their leptonic decays to an electron or a muon, and a neutrino. Charm jets are tagged using the presence of a muon or a secondary vertex inside the jet. The W + c production cross section and the cross section ratio R c ± = σ ( W + + c ¯ ) / σ ( W - + c ) are measured inclusively and differentially as functions of the transverse momentum and the pseudorapidity of the lepton originating from the W boson decay. The precision of the measurements is improved with respect to previous studies, reaching 1% in R c ± = 0.950 ± 0.005 (stat) ± 0.010 (syst) . The measurements are compared with theoretical predictions up to next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics.

[Progress in research of self-sampling for detection of genital chlamydia trachomatis and related factors in men who have sex with men]

Laboratory testing is a vital chain in the prevention and control of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection. The prevalence of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection is high, but the detection rate of the infection is low in men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Self-sampling for genital chlamydia trachomatis detection by MSM is a new option to address this problem, which would play a significant role in expanding genital chlamydia trachomatis infection screening in this population. This paper summarizes the progress in research of self-sampling for the detection of genital chlamydia trachomatis and the related factors in MSM both at home and abroad to provide reference for the promotion of self-sampling for the detection of genital chlamydia trachomatis in this population.

Competing risk nomogram and risk classification system for evaluating overall and cancer-specific survival in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a population-based retrospective study

OBJECTIVE

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) is a rare malignancy with poor clinical prognosis due to limited therapeutic options. This study aimed to establish a risk-stratification score and nomogram models to predict prognosis in NECC patients.

METHODS

Data on individuals diagnosed with NECC between 2000 and 2019 were retrieved from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and then randomly classified into training and validation cohorts (7:3). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses evaluated independent indicators of prognosis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis further assisted in confirming candidate variables. Based on these factors, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) nomograms that predict survival over 1, 3, and 5 years were constructed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the concordance index (C-index), and the calibration curve estimated the precision and discriminability of the competing risk nomogram for both cohorts. Finally, we assessed the clinical value of the nomograms using decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS

Data from 2348 patients were obtained from the SEER database. Age, tumor stage, T stage, N stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery predicted OS. Additionally, histological type was another standalone indicator of CSS prognosis. For predicting CSS, the C-index was 0.751 (95% CI 0.731 ~ 0.770) and 0.740 (95% CI 0.710 ~ 0.770) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, the C-index in OS prediction was 0.757 (95% CI 0.738 ~ 0.776) and 0.747 (95% CI 0.718 ~ 0.776) for both cohorts. The proposed model had an excellent discriminative ability. Good accuracy and discriminability were also demonstrated using the AUC and calibration curves. Additionally, DCA demonstrated the high clinical potential of the nomograms for CSS and OS prediction. We constructed a corresponding risk classification system using nomogram scores. For the whole cohort, the median CSS times for the low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups were 59.3, 19.5, and 7.4 months, respectively.

CONCLUSION

New competing risk nomograms and a risk classification system were successfully developed to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS and OS of NECC patients. The models are internally accurate and reliable and may guide clinicians toward better clinical decisions and the development of personalized treatment plans.

[Effect of different observations on evaluation of cosmetic shoulder balance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with thoracic curve]

Objective: To investigate the correlations between cosmetic and radiographic parameters of shoulder balance, as well as the variations in cosmetic shoulder balance observed from different perspectives, among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) characterized by thoracic curves. Methods: A total of 43 patients with thoracic curves treated from July to October in 2022 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were recruited in this study. There were 9 males and 34 females with a mean age of (14.3±1.5) years. All participants underwent comprehensive radiographic assessments and were photographed both from posterior and anterior views, focusing on the shoulder region as well as a higher level (maintaining a consistent vertical distance of 180 cm from the ground). Six cosmetic parameters were measured on the photographs: shoulder angle(α1), axilla angle(α2), shoulder area index 1(SAI1), shoulder area index 2 (SAI2), inner shoulder height (SHi) and outer shoulder height (SHo). Eight radiographic parameters were measured on the radiographs: radiographic shoulder height difference (RSHD), first rib angle (FRA), clavicle-rib cage intersection (CRCI), coracoid process height (CPH), T1 tilt, clavicle angle(CA), clavicle chest cage angle difference (CCAD) and Cobb angle. Differences among bilateral cosmetic indicators from different perspectives were analyzed and compared, and their correlation with bilateral radiographic indicators was studied. Results: There was no significant differences between anterior cosmetic parameters and posterior cosmetic parameters at the same level of observation(all P>0.05). However, when observing SHi, SHo, α1, and α2 at the shoulder level, it became evident that they exhibited significantly higher values compared to the corresponding higher level on the same side of the patients' bodies. This contrast was observed in both the dorsal [SHo: (0.11±1.20) cm vs (-0.44±1.39) cm, P=0.005; SHi: (0.64±0.86) cm vs (0.32±0.56) cm, P=0.003; α1:-0.47°±2.27° vs -0.77°±2.49°, P=0.014; α2:-3.06°±3.23° vs -2.21°±3.03°, P=0.034] and ventral [SHo: (0.12±1.29) cm vs (-0.48±1.35) cm, P=0.007; SHi: (0.61±0.88) cm vs (0.30±0.59) cm, P=0.006; α1:-0.46°±2.18° vs -0.69°±2.35°, P=0.018; α2:-3.26°±3.12° vs -2.05°±2.97°, P=0.029] aspects of the patients. SHi and SHo were more sensitive to this difference of height. The correlation coefficients between radiographic parameters and cosmetic aspects at the shoulder level varied from 0.374 to 0.767. Similarly, the correlation coefficients between radiographic parameters and cosmetic factors at the higher level ranged from 0.273 to 0.579 (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The cosmetic parameters had significant difference between different perspective of observation, the cosmetic parameters are needed to be observed at the shoulder level in the evaluation of patients' shoulder balance.

Just a phase? Causal probing reveals spurious phasic dependence of sustained attention

For over a decade, electrophysiological studies have reported correlations between attention / perception and the phase of spontaneous brain oscillations. To date, these findings have been interpreted as evidence that the brain uses neural oscillations to sample and predict upcoming stimuli. Yet, evidence from simulations have shown that analysis artefacts could also lead to spurious pre-stimulus oscillations that appear to predict future brain responses. To address this discrepancy, we conducted an experiment in which visual stimuli were presented in time to specific phases of spontaneous alpha and theta oscillations. This allowed us to causally probe the role of ongoing neural activity in visual processing independent of the stimulus-evoked dynamics. Our findings did not support a causal link between spontaneous alpha / theta rhythms and behaviour. However, spurious correlations between theta phase and behaviour emerged offline using gold-standard time-frequency analyses. These findings are a reminder that care should be taken when inferring causal relationships between neural activity and behaviour using acausal analysis methods.

Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial

BACKGROUND

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial.

METHODS

EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110.

FINDINGS

Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001).

INTERPRETATION

Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor.

FUNDING

Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.

Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Association: Identification and Validation of Related Genes

BACKGROUND

Aging is considered a key risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to identify and validate potential aging-related genes associated with AD using bioinformatics analysis.

METHODS

Datasets GSE36980 and GSE5281 were selected to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the immune cell correlation analysis and GSEA analysis of DEGs were performed. The intersection with senescence genes was taken as differentially expressed senescence-related genes (DESRGs), and the GSE44770 dataset was used for further validation. The potential biological functions and signaling pathways were determined by GO and KEGG, and the hub genes were identified by 12 algorithms in Cytohubba. The expression of 10 hub genes in different brain regions was determined and single-cell sequencing analysis was performed, and diagnostic genes were further screened by gene expression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, a miRNA-gene network of diagnostic genes was constructed and targeted drug prediction was performed.

RESULTS

A total of 2137 DEGs were screened from the GSE36980 and GSE5281 datasets, and 278 SRGs were identified from the CellAge database. The overlapping DEGs and SRGs constituted 29 DESRGs, including 14 senescence suppressor genes and 15 senescence inducible genes. The top 10 hub genes, including MDH1, CKB, PSMD14, SMARCA4, PEBP1, DDB2, ITPKB, ATF7IP, YAP1, and EWSR1 were screened. Furthermore, four diagnostic genes were identified: PMSD14, PEBP1, ITPKB, and ATF7IP. The ROC analysis showed that the respective area under the curves (AUCs) of PMSD14, PEBP1, ITPKB, and ATF7IP were 0.732, 0.701, 0.747, and 0.703 in the GSE36980 dataset and 0.870, 0.817, 0.902, and 0.834 in the GSE5281 dataset. In the GSE44770 dataset, PMSD14 (AUC, 0.838) and ITPKB (AUC, 0.952) had very high diagnostic values in the early stage of AD. Finally, based on these diagnostic genes, we found that the drug Abemaciclib is a targeted drug for the treatment of age-related AD. Flutamide can aggravate aging-related AD.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study suggest that cellular SRGs might play an important role in AD. PMSD14, PEBP1, ITPKB, and ATF7IP have the potential as specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AD.

The value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in predicting perineural invasion for resectable gastric cancer: a prospective study

AIM

To investigate the potential of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging to predict perineural invasion (PNI) preoperatively in resectable gastric cancer (GC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study prospectively recruited 85 surgically resected GC patients (58 men, 27 women) aged 60.87 ± 10.17 (39-81) years, who underwent IVIM sequence within 1 week before surgery. According to histopathological PNI diagnoses, patients were divided into PNI positive and negative groups. Conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the IVIM parameters, including true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D∗), and pseudodiffusion fraction (f), were compared between the two groups. Morphological MRI features were also analysed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to screen independent predictors of PNI. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were preformed to evaluate the efficacy. Spearman's correlation test was performed to analyse the relationship between MRI parameters and PNI.

RESULTS

Tumour thickness and f in PNI-positive group were higher, whereas the ADC, D were lower than those in PNI-negative group (p<0.05). These four parameters correlated with PNI (p<0.05). The D, f, and tumour thickness were independent predictors of PNI. The area under the curve of ADC, D, f, thickness, and the combined parameter (D + f + thickness) were 0.648, 0.745, 0.698, 0.725, and 0.869, respectively. The combined parameter demonstrated higher efficacy than any other parameters (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

The ADC, D, and f can effectively distinguish PNI status in GC. The D, f, and thickness were independent predictors of PNI.

Development of the Clinical pHysical rEsilience assEssment Scale (CHEES) in Chinese Older Adults

BACKGROUND

Physical resilience is an emerging concept that describes an individual's capacity to recover from stressors. However, few instruments are currently available for assessing physical resilience.

OBJECTIVE

To develop a scale to assess physical resilience in older adults.

DESIGN

Development of a clinical scale.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS

A total of 172 hospitalized older adults were recruited.

MEASUREMENTS

This study comprised two stages. First, a pool of physical resilience scale items was created through a literature review, and the Delphi method was used to establish an initial scale. Second, the initial physical resilience scale was tested on hospitalized older adults.

RESULTS

Five primary and 19 secondary items were identified after reviewing the literature. After two rounds of expert consultations, three primary and 16 secondary items were determined. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.760. Except for items N2, N4, N5, N8, and N14, Pearson's correlation between the scores of the remaining items and the total score ranged from 0.407 to 0.672. Except for items N2, N4, and N5, the corrected item-total correlation results ranged from 0.301 to 0.580, indicating good consistency between each item and the overall scale. Factor analysis showed that except for N7, the factor loadings of the remaining items were between 0.584 and 0.844. After expert discussions, items N2, N4, N7, and N14 were included in the scale, and items N5 and N8 were removed.

CONCLUSION

A 14-item physical resilience scale, CHEES, was developed to assess physical resilience levels in older adults.

The impact of methoxypropylamino cyclohexenylidene ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (MCE) UVA1 filter on pigmentary and ageing signs: An outdoor prospective 8-week randomized, intra-individual comparative study in two populations of different genetic background

BACKGROUND

Of all ultraviolet (UV) radiations reaching the earth, UVA1 rays have a higher potential of penetrating and producing clinically harmful consequences. While UV radiations up to 370 nm are well-blocked by current sunscreens, a photoprotection gap remains for the UVA1 wavelengths between 370 and 400 nm.

OBJECTIVE

This study was to assess under outdoor summer conditions the impact on pigmentation and skin ageing signs of a protection against UVA1 using methoxypropylamino cyclohexenylidene ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (MCE) filter added to a reference SPF50 sunscreen, in comparison with the same sunscreen without the MCE filter.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This prospective randomized comparative intra-individual study was conducted in 113 women in Brazil and China. Subjects had their face and two forearms exposed twice-daily to a 1-h outdoor sunlight exposure over 8 weeks. Before exposure, the SPF50 sunscreen containing 3% MCE was applied on one half-face and one forearm and the same reference product without MCE on the other half-face and forearm. Primary study endpoint was skin colour changes (chromametry). Other endpoints included expert panel grading of pigmentation and facial skin ageing, and naïve panel assessment of facial skin radiance and homogeneity.

RESULTS

After 8 weeks, the skin was darker on both forearms but the increase in sun-induced pigmentation was smaller with the SPF50/MCE sunscreen. Expert panel evaluations showed no change in severity scores for pigmentation and a decreased severity scores for facial skin ageing in areas protected with the SPF50/MCE product: severity scores in areas protected with the SPF50 alone were either increased (pigmentation) or unchanged (skin ageing). Naïve panel evaluations of skin radiance and homogeneity showed statistically significant superiority of the SPF50/MCE product.

CONCLUSION

Overall, this study demonstrates that a protection with the SPF50/MCE sunscreen significantly reduces pigmentation and ageing signs compared to the same SPF50 sunscreen.

Diagnostic performance of SPECT in lumbar spondylolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM

To evaluate the diagnostic value and clinical applicability of single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) for lumbar spondylolysis using meta-analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Stata 12.0, was used to test the heterogeneity, and the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and other effect sizes were collected to generate the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve for comprehensive evaluation. Meta-regression analysis was used to explore the source of heterogeneity, and subgroup analysis was performed. Funnel plots, Fagan's line diagrams, and likelihood ratio dot plots were drawn to evaluate publication bias and clinical applicability.

RESULTS

Eight studies involving 785 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, odds ratio, and area under the SROC curve of SPECT for the diagnosis of lumbar spondylolysis were 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70 0.93), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.60 0.99), 11.01 (95% CI: 1.61 75.18), 0.17 (95% CI: 0.08 0.35), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90 0.94). Meta-regression analysis showed that the sources of heterogeneity were region and age. Subgroup analysis showed that the specificity of the child and adolescent subgroup was significantly higher than that of the middle-aged and elderly subgroups. Deek's funnel plots showed no significant publication bias. The pooled effect of the likelihood ratio dot plot for diagnosis is in the upper-right quadrant.

CONCLUSION

As a diagnostic tool for spondylolysis, SPECT has a high degree of specificity, moderate sensitivity, and relatively high diagnostic effectiveness. It can be used as an auxiliary sign in the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar spondylolysis.

[Prognostic value of the Second Revision of the International Staging System in patients with newly diagnosed transplant-eligible multiple myeloma]

Objective: To verify the predictive value of the Second Revision of the International Staging System (R2-ISS) in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent first-line autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in a new drug era in China. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with newly diagnosed MM from three centers in China (Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University) from June 2008 to June 2018. A total of 401 newly diagnosed patients with MM who were candidates for ASCT were enrolled in this cohort, all received proteasome inhibitor and/or immunomodulator-based induction chemotherapy followed by ASCT. Baseline and follow-up data were collected. The patients were regrouped using R2-ISS. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival curve and two survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis were performed to analyze the relationship between risk factors and survival. Results: The median age of the patients was 53 years (range 25-69 years) and 59.5% (240 cases) were men. Newly diagnosed patients with renal impairment accounted for 11.5% (46 cases). According to Revised-International Staging System (R-ISS), 74 patients (18.5 %) were diagnosed with stage Ⅰ, 259 patients (64.6%) with stage Ⅱ, and 68 patients (17.0%) with stage Ⅲ. According to the R2-ISS, the distribution of patients in each group was as follows: 50 patients (12.5%) in stage Ⅰ, 95 patients (23.7%) in stage Ⅱ, 206 patients (51.4%) in stage Ⅲ, and 50 patients (12.5%) in stage Ⅳ. The median follow-up time was 35.9 months (range, 6-119 months). According to the R2-ISS stage, the median PFS in each group was: 75.3 months for stage Ⅰ; 62.0 months for stage Ⅱ, 39.2 months for stage Ⅲ, and 30.3 months for stage Ⅳ; and the median OS was not reached, 86.6 months, 71.6 months, and 38.5 months, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in PFS and OS between different groups (both P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ of the R2-ISS were independent prognostic factors for PFS (HR=2.37, 95%CI 1.30-4.30; HR=4.50, 95%CI 2.35-9.01) and OS (HR=4.20, 95%CI 1.50-11.80; HR=9.53, 95%CI 3.21-28.29). Conclusions: The R2-ISS has significant predictive value for PFS and OS for transplant-eligible patients with MM in the new drug era. However, the universality of the R2-ISS still needs to be further verified in different populations.

Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trials Unit (DIAN-TU): Trial Satisfaction and Attitudes towards Future Clinical Trials

BACKGROUND

Clinical trial satisfaction is increasingly important for future trial designs and is associated with treatment adherence and willingness to enroll in future research studies or to recommend trial participation. In this post-trial survey, we examined participant satisfaction and attitudes toward future clinical trials in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trials Unit (DIAN-TU).

METHODS

We developed an anonymous, participant satisfaction survey tailored to participants enrolled in the DIAN-TU-001 double-blind clinical trial of solanezumab or gantenerumab and requested that all study sites share the survey with their trial participants. A total of 194 participants enrolled in the trial at 24 study sites. We utilized regression analysis to explore the link between participants' clinical trial experiences, their satisfaction, and their willingness to participate in upcoming trials.

RESULTS

Survey responses were received over a sixteen-month window during 2020-2021 from 58 participants representing 15 study sites. Notably, 96.5% of the survey respondents expressed high levels of satisfaction with the trial, 91.4% would recommend trial participation, and 96.5% were willing to enroll again. Age, gender, and education did not influence satisfaction levels. Participants reported enhanced medical care (70.7%) and pride in contributing to the DIAN-TU trial (84.5%). Satisfaction with personnel and procedures was high (98.3%). Respondents had a mean age of 48.7 years, with most being from North America and Western Europe, matching the trial's demographic distribution. Participants' decisions to learn their genetic status increased during the trial, and most participants endorsed considering future trial participation regardless of the DIAN-TU-001 trial outcome.

CONCLUSION

Results suggest that DIAN-TU-001 participants who responded to the survey exhibited high motivation to participate in research, overall satisfaction with the clinical trial, and willingness to participate in research in the future, despite a long trial duration of 4-7 years with detailed annual clinical, cognitive, PET, MRI, and lumbar puncture assessments. Implementation of features that alleviate barriers and challenges to trial participation is like to have a high impact on trial satisfaction and reduce participant burden.

Relationship between the impacted mandibular third molar and adjacent second molar' external root resorption by cone-bean computed tomography analysis

BACKGROUND

The relationship between the impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) and the external root resorption (ERR) of the mandibular second molar (MSM) was analysed with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The risk factors affecting the ERR of the MSM were examined to provide a reference.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A total of 327 patients (total: 578 teeth) admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University for IMTM extraction from January 2017 to December 2019 was chosen and divided according to gender and age. The correlation between the IMTM and ERR of MSM was analysed, including inclination angle, impaction direction and depth. The relationship of mandibular ascending ramus classification with ERR of MSM was also analysed. In addition, the correlation between the MTM impaction type and the severity of ERR was analysed.

RESULTS

The incidence of ERR of MSM in male patients was higher than in females (27.9% vs.17.6%, p = 0.018). The occurrence and the site of ERR showed statistical differences in the inclination angle [(≤20°, 3.6%) vs. (21°-40°, 27.1%) vs. (41°-60°, 27.6%) vs. (61°-80°, 25.6%) vs. (>80°, 31.7%), p <0.001], impaction direction [(Vertical, 1.1%) vs. (Mesial, 32.7%) vs. (Horizontal, 25.3%), p <0.001] and depth of MTM [(Low position, 38.6%) vs. (Median position, 32.0%) vs. (High position, 13.7%), p <0.001]. Also, there was a significant difference in the mandibular ascending ramus type [(Class I, 17.4%) vs. (Class II, 32.3%) vs. (Class III, 44.9%), p <0.001]. In addition, the severity of ERR showed statistical differences in the mesial (40.9%, p<0.05), lower impaction (54.5%, p<0.05) depth of MTM and type III of mandibular ascending ramus (63.6%, p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The inclination angle, impaction direction, and depth of MTM were the influencing factors for the occurrence and site of ERR. Also, mandibular ascending ramus type was the impact fact. For MTM with mesioangular, lower impaction, and mandibular ascending ramus with type III, the ERR of the MSM was severer.

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

BACKGROUND

The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population.

METHODS

EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110.

FINDINGS

Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1).

INTERPRETATION

In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease.

FUNDING

Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.

Total iron binding capacity: an independent predictor of prognosis for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the role of parameters of iron metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

METHOD

This was a prospective observational study recruiting patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-PAH). Patients with other factors that might lead to PAH were excluded from the study. All patients were assessed for PAH every 1-3 months and were followed up for 6 months. The primary outcome was considered improved if the grade of risk stratification declined at the endpoint; otherwise, it was considered unimproved.

RESULTS

In total, 29 patients with SLE-PAH were included in this study. The mean of serum ferritin was higher than normal, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) decreased in 48% of patients. Correlation analyses showed that serum iron (SI) was negatively correlated with World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) (r = -0.409, p = 0.028), and positively correlated with Six-Minute Walk Test distance (6MWD) (r = 0.427, p = 0.021) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (r = 0.388, p = 0.037). Primary outcomes improved in 12 patients at the endpoint, and univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that TIBC was associated with improved primary outcomes in patients with SLE-PAH (odds ratio 12.00, 95% confidence interval 1.90-75.72).

CONCLUSION

SI was negatively correlated with WHO-FC, and positively correlated with 6MWD and TAPSE. Furthermore, TIBC was associated with improved outcomes of patients with SLE-PAH, which could be an independent predictor of prognosis. Further research is needed to verify the findings.

Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice

Ulceration colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder in the gastro-intestinal tract. The purpose of our study is to explore the potential mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 (GS Rg1) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Acute colitis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice. In vitro model of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells to simulate enteritis model. The disease activity index (DAI), colon length, body weight and histopathological analysis were performed in vivo. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers for oxidative and anti-oxidative stress, MPO level were measured in vivo and in vitro. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NF-?B p65 protein levels were analyzed using western blotting. Our results indicated that the UC models were established successfully by drinking DSS water. GS Rg1 significantly attenuated UC-related symptoms, including preventing weight loss, decreasing DAI scores, and increasing colon length. GS Rg1 ameliorated the DSS-induced oxidative stress. IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels were significantly increased in serum and cell supernatant effectively, while treatment with the GS Rg1 significantly reduced these factors. GS Rg1 reduced MPO content in the colon. GS Rg1 treatment increased SOD and decreased MDA levels in the serum, colon, and cell supernatant. GS Rg1 restored the Nrf-2/HO-1/NF-?B pathway in RAW 264.7 cells and UC mice, and these changes were blocked by Nrf-2 siRNA. Overall, GS Rg1 ameliorated inflammation and oxidative stress in colitis via Nrf-2/HO-1/NF-kappaB pathway. Thus, GS Rg1 could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of UC.

Probing Small Bjorken-x Nuclear Gluonic Structure via Coherent J/ψ Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

Quasireal photons exchanged in relativistic heavy ion interactions are powerful probes of the gluonic structure of nuclei. The coherent J/ψ photoproduction cross section in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions is measured as a function of photon-nucleus center-of-mass energies per nucleon (W_{γN}^{Pb}) over a wide range of 40 Collapse

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Association between periodontitis and its treatment on mortality rates of end-stage renal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The association between periodontitis and systemic diseases is widely researched. Conflicting literature exists on the relationship between periodontitis and the outcomes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. We hereby reviewed evidence to examine if periodontitis and its management impact the mortality rates of ESRD patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Literature was searched on the databases of PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus till 27th April 2023. All cohort studies reporting adjusted effect size of the relationship between periodontitis or its management and mortality rates of ESRD patients were included.

RESULTS

Eight studies were eligible of which six reported the association between periodontitis and mortality while two reported between periodontal treatment and mortality. Pooled analysis showed no association between the presence of periodontitis and all-cause mortality amongst ESRD patients (HR: 1.13 95% CI: 0.77, 1.65 I2=72%). Results were unchanged on sensitivity analysis. Pooled analysis of three studies showed no difference in the risk of cardiovascular mortality amongst ESRD patients with and without periodontitis (HR: 1.44 95% CI: 0.57, 3.60 I2=86%). A descriptive analysis of two studies showed that periodontal treatment could reduce the risk of mortality in ESRD patients with periodontitis.

CONCLUSIONS

Limited evidence indicates that periodontitis does not impact all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients. Data on the role of periodontal therapy in improving outcomes is scarce. Further research is needed to generate high-quality evidence on this subject.

[Application of a new-type of defecator in the treatment of rectal fecal impaction]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the viability and safety of a novel defecator in managing rectal fecal impaction. Methods: In a descriptive case series, this new defecator was administered to constipated individuals among the ages of 18 and 80 years who met the diagnostic criteria for rectal fecal impaction and were identified with acute rectal fecal impaction through CT scans. The contraindications for this defecator included: (1) Anal stenosis, acute intestinal obstruction, and intestinal perforation; (2) Concomitant rectal malignant tumors; (3) Coagulation dysfunction, low platelet counts, gastrointestinal bleeding, or other bleeding risks; (4) Patients with severe underlying conditions affecting the heart, brain, lungs, or other systems; (5) Individuals with mental health disorders. Based on these criteria, clinical data from 42 patients with rectal fecal impaction who underwent treatment with the new defecator at Deyang People's Hospital between July 2020 and April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The defecator comprises three components: a head, a spiral rod, and a handle, constructed from disposable stainless steel wire. The treatment procedure involves the following steps: The patient assumes a flexed, supine position on their left side with their buttocks slightly protruding from the bed's edge. A transparent sealing bag is affixed to the buttocks, centered around the anus. With gloved hands inserted through the bag's entrance, a cotton ball soaked in liquid paraffin lubricates the anal canal and the head of the defecator's spiral rod. The defecator is then slowly rotated and inserted into the anus, with careful attention to any changes in resistance. Once the spiral rod is fully inserted, the patient is instructed to inhale and defecate while the defecator is slowly withdrawn, carrying the dislodged fecal matter, and depositing it into the sealed bag. This operation is repeated 2 to 3 times, followed by the injection of either 100 ml of 36°C normal saline or 60 ml of liquid paraffin into the rectum. After a 5 to 8-minute wait, the patient assumes a squatting position to expel any remaining feces from the rectum. The study assessed the operation time, single treatment success rate, pain levels during treatment, and the occurrence of complications. Results: All 42 patients successfully underwent treatment with the new defecator device, achieving a single treatment success rate of 100%. The average operation time was 11.0 minutes (range: 9.0 to 13.3 minutes). During treatment, 20 cases (47.6%) reported moderate to severe anal pain, with 1 case (2.4%) experiencing anal fissure bleeding, and 6 cases (14.3%) reporting discomfort such as palpitations and sweating. No serious complications, including rectal perforation, were observed in any case. Conclusion: The new defecator device demonstrates ease of use and safety, making it a feasible option for treating acute rectal fecal impaction.

Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass from the H→γγ and H→ZZ^{*}→4ℓ Decay Channels with the ATLAS Detector Using sqrt[s]=7, 8, and 13 TeV pp Collision Data

A measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson combining the H→ZZ^{*}→4ℓ and H→γγ decay channels is presented. The result is based on 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC run 2 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV combined with the run 1 ATLAS mass measurement, performed at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding a Higgs boson mass of 125.11±0.09(stat)±0.06(syst)=125.11±0.11  GeV. This corresponds to a 0.09% precision achieved on this fundamental parameter of the Standard Model of particle physics.

[Application of omics in the diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease]

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and the risk of all-cause and liver-related mortality significantly increases with the degree of fibrosis. Early diagnosis of MAFLD and its degree of liver fibrosis are of great significance, so it is particularly important to find an accurate and simple, non-invasive diagnostic method. In recent years, high-throughput omics technology has developed rapidly and played an important role in the non-invasive diagnosis and prediction of fibrosis degree in MAFLD. This article summarizes the application progress of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, radiomics, and the combination of multi-omics for the diagnosis of MAFLD disease.

[Synergistic effect of azacitidine with homoharringtonine by activating the c-MYC/DDIT3/PUMA axis in acute myeloid leukemia]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the synergistic effect and underlying mechanism of azacitidine (AZA) in combination with homoharringtonine (HHT) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . Methods: The synergistic effects of AZA and HHT were examined by cell proliferation, apoptosis, and colony formation assays. The synergistic effects were calculated using the combination index (CI) , and the underlying mechanisms were explored using RNA sequencing, pathway inhibitors, and gene knockdown approaches. Results: Compared with the single-drug controls, AZA and HHT combination significantly induced cell proliferation arrest and showed a synergistic effect with CI < 0.9 in AML cells. In the combination group versus the single-drug controls, colony formation was significantly decreased, whereas apoptosis was significantly increased in U937 (P<0.001) and MV4-11 (P<0.001) cells. AZA and HHT combination activated the integrated stress response (ISR) signaling pathway and induced DDIT3-PUMA-dependent apoptosis in cells. Furthermore, it remarkably downregulated the expression of c-MYC. The combination also activated c-MYC/DDIT3/PUMA-mediated ISR signaling to induce synergy on apoptosis. The synergy of AZA+HHT on apoptosis was induced by activating c-MYC/DDIT3/PUMA-mediated ISR signaling. Conclusion: The combination of AZA and HHT exerts synergistic anti-AML effects by inhibiting cellular proliferation and promoting apoptosis through activation of the ISR signaling pathway via the c-MYC/DDIT3/PUMA axis.

[Association between hair trace element and all-cause death in elderly people in Hainan]

Objective: To explore the association between hair trace element and all-cause death in the elderly in Hainan Province. Methods: The subjects of the study were elderly people from China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study, a total of 163 elderly were included. The association between hair trace element level and all-cause death was analyzed by using Cox proportional risk regression model. Results: After fully adjusting the covariates, the multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), strontium (Sr) concentrations in hair were significantly associated with all-cause mortality, the hazard ratio (HR) were 0.72 (95%CI: 0.54-0.98, P=0.035), 1.50 (95%CI: 1.07-2.11, P=0.020) and 0.54 (95%CI: 0.37-0.79, P=0.001), respectively. Subgroup and cross analysis showed that hair copper (Cu) were significant association with death in the people with anemia, the HR were 1.81 (95%CI: 1.13-2.88, P=0.013). And, hair Mn interacted with anemia, the HR was 0.46 (95%CI: 0.22-0.94, P=0.033). Conclusions: Se, Mn and Sr concentrations in hair were associated with the elevated risk for all-cause death in the elderly in Hainan. Se, Mn and Sr concentrations in hair can be used as a reference index for the prediction of the death risk of long-lived elderly in community, suggesting that the daily diet of elderly people are rich and diverse, in order to maintain normal and balanced trace element content in the body.

[Long-term clinical evaluation of different types of resin-bonded fixed partial denture to replace lost anterior teeth]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical survival rates and influence factors of different types of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPD) used in anterior missing teeth restoration. Methods: Ninety-three RBFPD were delivered to 92 patients [92 patients,43 males and 49 females, average age (46.1±12.8) years] who visited Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2006 to December 2021 for restoration of 1 or 2 anterior missing teeth. Altogether 32 cases of glass fiber reinforced RBFPD, 39 cases of glass-based ceramic RBFPD and 22 cases of porcelain-fused-to-metal RBFPD were retrospectively analyzed. The complete survival rate, functional survival rate, patients' satisfaction and color matching of the restorations were recorded and evaluated every year since the replacement with RBFPD. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve method was used for survival analysis, and the Log-rank analysis was used to compare the effect of the number of missing teeth, position (maxillary or mandibular), cantilever or non-cantilever and gender on the survival rate of the restorations. Results: The overall survival time for the 93 RBFPD was 13.7 years (95%CI: 12.3-15.1 years). There was a decreasing trend in complete survival and functional survival for all three material RBFPD from year to year, but complete and functional survival rates exceeded 90% at year 5 and exceeded 80% at year 10. The complete survival rate of the glass-ceramic RBFPD was higher than the other two during the follow-up period, with a complete survival rate of 90% (35/39) at year 15. The porcelain-fused-to-metal RBFPD had a higher functional survival rate in years 1-8, but the complete and functional survival rates showed a substantial decrease after year 9. The single-factor Log-rank analysis showed that the success rate of porcelain-fused-to-metal RBFPD was significantly higher than that of glass fiber reinforced RBFPD (χ²=7.33, P=0.007), and the success rate of RBFPD with 1 missing tooth restored was significantly higher than that of RBFPD with 2 missing teeth restored (χ²=3.23, P=0.072). The differences in success rates between different restoration positions (maxillary and mandibular), cantilever or non-cantilever, and gender factors were not statistically significant (χ²=2.26, P=0.133; χ²=0.68, P=0.411; χ²=1.07, P=0.300). Conclusions: For the restoration of individual missing anterior teeth, both porcelain-fused-to-metal RBFPD and glass-based ceramic RBFPD achieve a high long-term clinical success rate, with glass-based ceramic RBFPD being more able to ensure long-term restorative result.