26
|
Carlsson A, Rosen J, Dahlqvist M. Theoretical predictions of phase stability for orthorhombic and hexagonal ternary MAB phases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11249-11258. [PMID: 35481473 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05750b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the quest for finding novel thermodynamically stable, layered, MAB phases promising for synthesis, we herein explore the phase stability of ternary MAB phases by considering both orthorhombic and hexagonal crystal symmetries for various compositions (MAB, M2AB2, M3AB4, M4AB4, and M4AB6 where M = Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, and Co, A = Al, Ga, and In, and B is boron). The thermodynamic stability of seven previously synthesized MAB phases is confirmed, three additional phases are predicted to be stable, and 23 phases are found to be close to stable. Furthermore, the crystal symmetry preference for forming orthorhombic or hexagonal crystal structures is investigated where the considered Al-based MAB phases tend to favour orthorhombic structures whereas Ga- and In-based phases in general prefer hexagonal structures. The theoretically predicted stable MAB phases along with the structural preference is intended to both guide experimental efforts and to give an insight into the stability for different crystal symmetries of MAB phases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Grossmann L, Ringel E, Rastgoo‐Lahrood A, King BT, Rosen J, Heckl WM, Opris D, Björk J, Lackinger M. Steuerung der Selbstassemblierung von dreidimensionalen Iptycenen auf Au(111) durch Abstimmung der Molekül‐Oberflächen‐Wechselwirkungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
28
|
Niu K, Chi L, Rosen J, Björk J. Termination-Accelerated Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation on Single-Atom Catalysts Supported by MXenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2800-2807. [PMID: 35319214 PMCID: PMC8978179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen (N2) under ambient conditions is of great significance but hindered by the lack of highly efficient catalysts. By performing first-principles calculations, we have investigated the feasibility for employing a transition metal (TM) atom, supported on Ti3C2T2 MXene with O/OH terminations, as a single-atom catalyst (SAC) for electrochemical nitrogen reduction. The potential catalytic performance of TM single atoms is evaluated by their adsorption behavior on the MXene, together with their ability to bind N2 and to desorb NH3 molecules. Of importance, the OH terminations on Ti3C2T2 MXene can effectively enhance the N2 adsorption and decrease the NH3 adsorption for single atoms. Based on proposed criteria for promising SACs, our calculations further demonstrate that the Ni/Ti3C2O0.19(OH)1.81 exhibits reasonable thermodynamics and kinetics toward electrochemical nitrogen reduction.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tao Q, Barbier M, Mockute A, Ritter C, Salikhov R, Wiedwald U, Calder S, Opagiste C, Galera RM, Farle M, Ouisse T, Rosen J. Magnetic phase diagram of (Mo 2/3RE 1/3) 2AlC, RE =Tb and Dy, studied by magnetization, specific heat, and neutron diffraction analysis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:215801. [PMID: 35259732 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5bcf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of magnetization, heat capacity, and neutron diffraction measurements on (Mo2/3RE1/3)2AlC with RE = Dy and Tb. Temperature and field-dependent magnetization as well as heat capacity were measured on a powder sample and on a single crystal allowing the construction of the magnetic field-temperature phase diagram. To study the magnetic structure of each magnetic phase, we applied neutron diffraction in a magnetic field up to 6 T. For (Mo2/3Dy1/3)2AlC in zero field, a spin density wave is stabilized at 16 K, with antiferromagnetic ordering at 13 K. Furthermore, we identify the coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases induced by magnetic fields for both RE = Tb and Dy. The origin of the field induced phases is resulting from the competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Helmer P, Lind H, Dahlqvist M, Rosen J. Investigation of out-of-plane ordered Ti 4MoSiB 2from first principles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:185501. [PMID: 35120334 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac51fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The laminated ternary boride Mo5SiB2of T2 structure have two symmetrically inequivalent metallic sites, 16l and 4c, being occupied in a 4:1 ratio. The phase was recently shown to be stable for 80% substitution of Mo for Ti, at the majority site, forming an out-of-plane chemically ordered quaternary boride: Ti4MoSiB2. Considering that the hypothetical Ti5SiB2is theoretically predicted as not stable, a key difference in bonding characteristics is indicated for full substitution of Mo for Ti at the metallic sites. To explore the origin of formation of Ti4MoSiB2, we here investigate the electronic properties and bonding characteristics of Mo5SiB2, Ti4MoSiB2and Ti5SiB2through their density of states, projected crystal orbital Hamilton population (pCOHP), Bader charge partitioning and second order force constants. The bond between the two different metallic sites is found to be key to the stability of the compounds, evident from the pCOHP of this bond showing a peak of bonding states close to the Fermi level, which is completely filled in Mo5SiB2and Ti4MoSiB2, while only partially filled in Ti5SiB2. Furthermore, the lower electronegativity of Ti compared to Mo results in charge accumulation at the Si and B sites, which coincides with a reduced bond strength in Ti5SiB2compared to Mo5SiB2and Ti4MoSiB2. Bandstructure calculations show that all three structures are metallic. The calculated mechanical and elastic properties show reduced bulk (B) and elastic (E) moduli when introducing Ti in Mo5SiB2, from 279 and 365 GPa to 176 and 258 GPa, respectively. The Pugh criteria indicates also a slight reduction in ductility, with aG/Bratio increasing from 0.51 to 0.59.
Collapse
|
31
|
Grossmann L, Duncan DA, Jarvis SP, Jones RG, De S, Rosen J, Schmittel M, Heckl WM, Björk J, Lackinger M. Evolution of adsorption heights in the on-surface synthesis and decoupling of covalent organic networks on Ag(111) by normal-incidence X-ray standing wave. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 7:51-62. [PMID: 34889932 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00486g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural characterization in on-surface synthesis is primarily carried out by Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) which provides high lateral resolution. Yet, important fresh perspectives on surface interactions and molecular conformations are gained from adsorption heights that remain largely inaccessible to SPM, but can be precisely measured with both elemental and chemical sensitivity by Normal-Incidence X-ray Standing Wave (NIXSW) analysis. Here, we study the evolution of adsorption heights in the on-surface synthesis and post-synthetic decoupling of porous covalent triazine-phenylene networks obtained from 2,4,6-tris(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TBPT) precursors on Ag(111). Room temperature deposition of TBPT and mild annealing to ∼150 °C result in full debromination and formation of organometallic intermediates, where the monomers are linked into reticulated networks by C-Ag-C bonds. Topologically identical covalent networks comprised of triazine vertices that are interconnected by biphenyl units are obtained by a thermally activated chemical transformation of the organometallic intermediates. Exposure to iodine vapor facilitates decoupling by intercalation of an iodine monolayer between the covalent networks and the Ag(111) surface. Accordingly, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and NIXSW experiments are carried out for three successive sample stages: organometallic intermediates, covalent networks directly on Ag(111) and after decoupling. NIXSW analysis facilitates the determination of adsorption heights of chemically distinct carbon species, i.e. in the phenyl and triazine rings, and also for the organometallic carbon atoms. Thereby, molecular conformations are assessed for each sample stage. The interpretation of experimental results is informed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, providing a consistent picture of adsorption heights and molecular deformations in the networks that result from the interplay between steric hindrance and surface interactions. Quantitative adsorption heights, i.e. vertical distances between adsorbates and surface, provide detailed insight into surface interactions, but are underexplored in on-surface synthesis. In particular, the direct comparison with an in situ prepared decoupled state unveils the surface influence on the network structure, and shows that iodine intercalation is a powerful decoupling strategy.
Collapse
|
32
|
El Ghazaly A, Méndez-Romero UA, Halim J, Nestor Tseng E, O Å Person P, Ahmed B, Wang E, Rosen J. Improved charge storage performance of a layered Mo 1.33C MXene/MoS 2/graphene nanocomposite. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6689-6695. [PMID: 36132662 PMCID: PMC9418060 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00642h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The construction of nanocomposite electrodes based on 2D materials is an efficient route for property enrichment and for exploitation of constituent 2D materials. Herein, a flexible Mo1.33C i-MXene/MoS2/graphene (MOMG) composite electrode is constructed, utilizing an environment-friendly method for high-quality graphene and MoS2 synthesis. The presence of graphene and MoS2 between MXene sheets limits the commonly observed restacking, increases the interlayer spacing, and facilitates the ionic and electronic conduction. The as-prepared MOMG electrode delivers a volumetric capacitance of 1600 F cm-3 (450 F g-1) at the scan rate of 2 mV s-1 and retains 96% of the initial capacitance after 15 000 charge/discharge cycles (10 A g-1). The current work demonstrates that the construction of nanocomposite electrodes is a promising route towards property enhancement for energy storage applications.
Collapse
|
33
|
Dahlqvist M, Rosen J. Predictions of attainable compositions of layered quaternary i-MAB phases and solid solution MAB phases. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18311-18321. [PMID: 34724527 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02552j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAB phases are layered materials combining metallic and ceramic attributes. Their ternary compositions, however, have been limited to a few elemental combinations which makes controlled and tailored properties challenging. Inspired by the recent discovery of Mo4/3Y2/3AlB2 and Mo4/3Sc2/3AlB2i-MAB phases, i.e., quaternary layered MAB phases with in-plane chemical order, we perform an extensive first-principles study to explore formation of chemical order and solid-solutions upon metal alloying of M2AB2 phases of 1092 compositions (M from group 3 to 9 and A = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn). This large dataset provides 39 chemically ordered (i-MAB) and 52 solid solution (MAB) phases that are predicted to be thermodynamically stable at typical synthesis temperatures, of which a majority have not yet been experimentally reported. The possibility for realizing both i-MAB and solid solution MAB phases, combined with the multiple elemental combinations previously not observed in these boride-based materials, allows for an increased potential for property tuning and potential chemical exfoliation into 2D derivatives.
Collapse
|
34
|
Schubert JS, Kalantari L, Lechner A, Giesriegl A, Nandan SP, Alaya P, Kashiwaya S, Sauer M, Foelske A, Rosen J, Blaha P, Cherevan A, Eder D. Elucidating the formation and active state of Cu co-catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2021; 9:21958-21971. [PMID: 34707872 PMCID: PMC8492008 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta05561e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of active and selective co-catalysts constitutes one of the major challenges in developing heterogeneous photocatalysts for energy conversion applications. This work provides a comprehensive insight into thermally induced bottom-up generation and transformation of a series of promising Cu-based co-catalysts. We demonstrate that the volcano-type HER profile as a function of calcination temperature is independent of the type of the Cu precursor but is affected by changes in oxidation state and location of the copper species. Supported by DFT modeling, our data suggest that low temperature (<200 °C) treatments facilitate electronic communication between the Cu species and TiO2, which allows for a more efficient charge utilization and maximum HER rates. In contrast, higher temperatures (>200 °C) do not affect the Cu oxidation state, but induce a gradual, temperature-dependent surface-to-bulk diffusion of Cu, which results in interstitial, tetra-coordinated Cu+ species. The disappearance of Cu from the surface and the introduction of new defect states is associated with a drop in HER performance. This work examines electronic and structural effects that are in control of the photocatalytic activity and can be transferred to other systems for further advancing photocatalysis.
Collapse
|
35
|
Rosen J, Ceccon G, Bauer EK, Werner JM, Kabbasch C, Fink GR, Langen KJ, Galldiks N. P14.41 Cost-effectiveness of FET PET for early treatment response assessment in glioma patients following adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In light of increasing healthcare costs, higher medical expenses should be justified socio-economically. Therefore, we calculated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PET using the radiolabeled amino acid O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) compared to conventional MRI for early identification of responders to adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. A recent study in IDH-wildtype glioma patients suggested that after two cycles, FET-PET parameter changes predicted a significantly longer survival while MRI changes were not significant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
To determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of serial FET-PET imaging, we analyzed published clinical data and calculated the associated costs in the context of the German healthcare system.Based on a decision-tree model, FET-PET and MRI’s effectiveness was calculated, i.e., the probability to correctly identify a responder as defined by an overall survival ≥15 months. To determine the cost-effectiveness, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated, i.e., the cost for each additionally identified responder by FET-PET who would have remained undetected by MRI. The robustness of the results was tested by deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo simulation) sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS
Compared to MRI, FET-PET increases the rate of correctly identified responders to chemotherapy by 26%; thus, four patients need to be examined by FET-PET to identify one additional responder. Considering the respective cost for serial FET-PET and MRI, the ICER resulted in €4,396.83 for each additional correctly identified responder by FET-PET. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.
CONCLUSION
In contrast to conventional MRI, the model suggests that FET PET is cost-effective in terms of ICER values. Concerning the high cost of temozolomide, the integration of FET-PET has the potential to avoid premature chemotherapy discontinuation at a reasonable cost.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dahlqvist M, Zhou J, Persson I, Ahmed B, Lu J, Halim J, Tao Q, Palisaitis J, Thörnberg J, Helmer P, Hultman L, Persson POÅ, Rosen J. Out-Of-Plane Ordered Laminate Borides and Their 2D Ti-Based Derivative from Chemical Exfoliation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008361. [PMID: 34350624 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploratory theoretical predictions in uncharted structural and compositional space are integral to materials discoveries. Inspired by M5 SiB2 (T2) phases, the finding of a family of laminated quaternary metal borides, M'4 M″SiB2 , with out-of-plane chemical order is reported here. 11 chemically ordered phases as well as 40 solid solutions, introducing four elements previously not observed in these borides are predicted. The predictions are experimentally verified for Ti4 MoSiB2 , establishing Ti as part of the T2 boride compositional space. Chemical exfoliation of Ti4 MoSiB2 and select removal of Si and MoB2 sub-layers is validated by derivation of a 2D material, TiOx Cly , of high yield and in the form of delaminated sheets. These sheets have an experimentally determined direct band gap of ≈4.1 eV, and display characteristics suitable for supercapacitor applications. The results take the concept of chemical exfoliation beyond currently available 2D materials, and expands the envelope of 3D and 2D candidates, and their applications.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou J, Palisaitis J, Halim J, Dahlqvist M, Tao Q, Persson I, Hultman L, Persson POÅ, Rosen J. Boridene: Two-dimensional Mo 4/3B 2-x with ordered metal vacancies obtained by chemical exfoliation. Science 2021; 373:801-805. [PMID: 34385398 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been invested in two-dimensional (2D) materials, typically synthesized by exfoliation of van der Waals solids. One exception is MXenes, derived from the etching of constituent layers in transition metal carbides and nitrides. We report the experimental realization of boridene in the form of single-layer 2D molybdenum boride sheets with ordered metal vacancies, Mo4/3B2-xTz (where Tz is fluorine, oxygen, or hydroxide surface terminations), produced by selective etching of aluminum and yttrium or scandium atoms from 3D in-plane chemically ordered (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlB2 and (Mo2/3Sc1/3)2AlB2 in aqueous hydrofluoric acid. The discovery of a 2D transition metal boride suggests a wealth of future 2D materials that can be obtained through the chemical exfoliation of laminated compounds.
Collapse
|
38
|
Alijani H, Rezk AR, Khosravi Farsani MM, Ahmed H, Halim J, Reineck P, Murdoch BJ, El-Ghazaly A, Rosen J, Yeo LY. Acoustomicrofluidic Synthesis of Pristine Ultrathin Ti 3C 2T z MXene Nanosheets and Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12099-12108. [PMID: 34184875 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of layered transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) into zero-dimensional structures with thicknesses and lateral dimensions of a few nanometers allows these recently discovered materials with exceptional electronic properties to exploit the additional benefits of quantum confinement, edge effects, and large surface area. Conventional methods for the conversion of MXene nanosheets and quantum dots, however, involve extreme conditions such as high temperatures and/or harsh chemicals that, among other disadvantages, lead to significant degradation of the material as a consequence of their oxidation. Herein, we show that the large surface acceleration-on the order of 10 million g's-produced by high-frequency (10 MHz) nanometer-order electromechanical vibrations on a chip-scale piezoelectric substrate is capable of efficiently nebulizing, and consequently dimensionally reducing, a suspension of multilayer Ti3C2Tz (MXene) into predominantly monolayer nanosheets and quantum dots while, importantly, preserving the material from any appreciable oxidation. As an example application, we show that the high-purity MXene quantum dots produced using this room-temperature chemical-free synthesis method exhibit superior performance as electrode materials for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide compared to the highly oxidized samples obtained through conventional hydrothermal synthesis. The ability to detect concentrations as low as 5 nM is a 10-fold improvement to the best reported performance of Ti3C2Tz MXene electrochemical sensors to date.
Collapse
|
39
|
VahidMohammadi A, Rosen J, Gogotsi Y. The world of two-dimensional carbides and nitrides (MXenes). Science 2021; 372:372/6547/eabf1581. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A decade after the first report, the family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides (MXenes) includes structures with three, five, seven, or nine layers of atoms in an ordered or solid solution form. Dozens of MXene compositions have been produced, resulting in MXenes with mixed surface terminations. MXenes have shown useful and tunable electronic, optical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties, leading to applications ranging from optoelectronics, electromagnetic interference shielding, and wireless antennas to energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and medicine. Here we present a forward-looking review of the field of MXenes. We discuss the challenges to be addressed and outline research directions that will deepen the fundamental understanding of the properties of MXenes and enable their hybridization with other 2D materials in various emerging technologies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lind H, Dahlqvist M, Rosen J. In-plane ordered quaternaryM4/3'M2/3″AlB2phases ( i-MAB): electronic structure and mechanical properties from first-principles calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:255402. [PMID: 33878752 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf9bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have by means of first principles density functional theory calculations studied the mechanical and electronic properties of the so calledi-MAB phases,M4/3'M″2/3AlB2, whereM' = Cr, Mo, W andM″ = Sc, Y. These phases, experimentally verified for Mo4/3Sc2/3AlB2and Mo4/3Y2/3AlB2, display an atomically laminated structure with in-plane chemical order between theM' andM″ elements. Structural properties, along with elastic constants and moduli, are predicted for different structural symmetries, including the reportedR3̄m(#166) space group. We find all consideredi-MAB phases to be metallic with a significant peak in the electronic structure at the Fermi level and no significant anisotropy in the electronic band structure. The simulations also indicate that they are rather hard and stiff, in particular the Cr-based ones, with a Young's modulusEof 325 GPa forM″ = Sc. The Mo-based phases are similar, withE= 299 GPa forM″ = Sc, which is higher than the corresponding laminated carbides (i-MAX phases).
Collapse
|
41
|
Millar NL, Mcinnes I, Mindeholm L, Seroutou A, Praestgaard J, Schramm U, Levitch R, Weber E, Laurent D, Rosen J, Schett G, Roubenoff R, Schieker M. POS0020 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SECUKINUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH ROTATOR CUFF TENDINOPATHY: A 24-WEEK, RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, PHASE II PROOF-OF-CONCEPT TRIAL. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Rotator cuff tendinopathy (RC TP) is a multifactorial condition and one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal burden. Current standard of care (SoC) is limited to pain relief with NSAIDs and physiotherapy. Recent evidence indicates that IL-17A-expressing tendon-resident immune cells are present in human overuse tendinopathy, and IL-17A levels are increased in early human tendinopathic tissue samples [1, 2]. Secukinumab (SEC) is a fully human, monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralises IL-17A.Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SEC in patients with active overuse RC TP refractory to oral NSAIDs/acetaminophen, physiotherapy or corticosteroid injections.Methods:96 patients with symptomatic RC TP with no or <50% rupture were randomly assigned to receive seven subcutaneous injections of SEC 300 mg or placebo (PBO) at baseline and Weeks 1, 2 and 3, followed by every 4 weeks starting at Week 4. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index score at Week 14 for SEC vs PBO (two-sided p<0.1). Secondary endpoints included, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Evaluation Form (ASES), EQ-5D-5L score and patient global assessment (PGA) score. All endpoints were assessed through 24 weeks.Results:Clinically relevant improvement in both SEC and PBO groups on top of SoC treatment was observed, with no statistically significant difference demonstrated in the full study population on physical symptoms and function (Table 1). Similar results were observed in the secondary endpoints with marked improvement in both groups over time. Exploratory post-hoc analyses in a subpopulation of 39% of the study subjects with non-acute, moderate to severe disease, SEC provided significant and clinically relevant improvements vs PBO through Week 24 in total WORC score (overall treatment difference: 19.2, p <0.01) and pain (VAS, overall treatment difference: 15, p = 0.02) with early effect observed after two weeks (Figure 1). A favourable treatment effect in the more severe subgroup was demonstrated in other patient-reported outcomes. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion:Although SEC did not demonstrate a significant benefit vs PBO in the overall patient population with active overuse RC TP, SEC did provide benefit in the subpopulation with non-acute, moderate to severe disease. Larger clinical trials of SEC in this area are warranted.References:[1]Millar NL, et al. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27149.[2]Millar NL, et al. Nat Rev Rheumatol.2017;13:110-122.Table 1.Change from baseline in the SEC versus PBO groups in WORC index and pain (VAS)VisitSEC 300 mgPBOp-valueTotal treated population N=96WORC Index percentage score (0 worst -100 best)aDay 2922.3519.490.45Day 9937.0037.770.87Day 16943.4140.970.64Pain (VAS, 0 best - 100 worst)bDay 29−26.04−23.130.57Day 99−46.11−40.560.28Day 169−52.23−50.740.78Post-hoc population* N=37WORC Index percentage score (0 worst - 100 best)cDay 2930.0910.840.002Day 9948.2631.830.048Day 16955.9835.240.028Pain (VAS, 0 best - 100 worst)dDay 29−29.20−14.850.125Day 99−51.48−35.370.045Day 169−57.01−46.640.217aDay 1: SEC 42.47, PBO 40.47; bSEC 67.04, PBO 64.85; cSEC 35.93, PBO 32.90, dSEC 71.72, PBO 67.58. Day 1 values are given as absolute values to describe baseline WORC/Pain status*Post-hoc subpopulation: Baseline: (Disease duration 2-6 months) AND (WORC ≤40 OR Tear Thickness (Bauer) ≥1 OR Sein ≥2)PBO, placebo; SEC, secukinumab; SoC, standard of care; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index; VAS, visual analogue scaleFigure 1.Post-hoc analysis of function (WORC) in the treatment groups in non-acute, moderate to severe subpopulationSECSE, standard error; SEC, secukinumab; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff IndexDisclosure of Interests:Neal L Millar Grant/research support from: Honoraria or research funding from Novartis and Stryker, Iain McInnes Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Linda Mindeholm Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Abdelkader Seroutou Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Jens Praestgaard Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Ursula Schramm Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Rafael Levitch Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Eckhard Weber Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Didier Laurent Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Jeffrey Rosen Consultant of: Research advisor for Novartis, Georg Schett Speakers bureau: Received speakers honoraria from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, UCB, Ronenn Roubenoff Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Matthias Schieker Employee of: Employee of Novartis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Niu K, Chi L, Rosen J, Björk J. Structure-activity correlation of Ti 2CT 2MXenes for C-H activation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:235201. [PMID: 33618346 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe8a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a bourgeoning class of 2D materials, MXenes have recently attracted significant attention within heterogeneous catalysis for promoting reactions such as hydrogen evolution and C-H activation. However, the catalytic activity of MXenes is highly dependent on the structural configuration including termination groups and their distribution. Therefore, understanding the relation between the structure and the activity is desired for the rational design of MXenes as high-efficient catalysts. Here, we present that the correlation between the structure and activity of Ti2CT2(T is a combination of O, OH and/or F) MXenes for C-H activation can be linked by a quantitative descriptor: the hydrogen affinity (EH). A linear correlation is observed between the mean hydrogen affinity and the overall ratio of O terminations (xO) in Ti2CT2MXenes, in which hydrogen affinity increases as thexOdecreases, regardless to the species of termination groups. In addition, the hydrogen affinity is more sensitive to the presence of OH termination than F terminations. Moreover, the linear correlation between the hydrogen affinity and the activity of Ti2CT2MXenes for C-H activation of both -CH3and -CH2- groups can be extended to be valid for all three possible termination groups. Such a correlation provides fast prediction of the activity of general Ti2CT2MXenes, avoiding tedious activation energy calculations. We anticipate that the findings have the potential to accelerate the development of MXenes for heterogeneous catalysis applications.
Collapse
|
43
|
Akhtar A, O'Connor R, Rosen J, Brooks A. 1002 Calcium administration in Major haemorrhage Protocol. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Calcium gluconate is an essential part of the major haemorrhage protocol (MHP). It minimizes the exacerbation of transfusion coagulopathies due to the citrate preservative. As fifty percent of trauma patients present with hypocalcaemia prior to transfusion, the risk is pertinent. Given the importance of the issue, surprisingly current guidelines remain sparse. We analysed the percentage of patients who received calcium and their hypocalcaemia incidence.
Method
A Retrospective review of red traumas during June to August 2019. The frequency of MHP and the patient’s ionised plasma calcium levels on VBG (1.15-1.26mmol/L) were identified. Our standard stated 100% of MHP should receive calcium. A massive transfusion was defined as 10 red blood cells units in 24 hours or 4 blood products within 30mins.
Results
27 red traumas were accepted to audit, MHP was activated in 85%. Out of these 75% received calcium and on average after 6.4 units of blood products. The incidence of ionised hypocalcaemia in all MHP patients was 67%.
Conclusions
We identified a standard that supplementary calcium should be supplemented in all MHPs. Hypocalcaemia was more frequency than our research stipulated. Improvement needs to be made to meet standards. We recommend incorporation of Calcium gluconate into major haemorrhage pack and transfusion guidelines.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ghazaly AE, Ahmed H, Rezk AR, Halim J, Persson POÅ, Yeo LY, Rosen J. Ultrafast, One-Step, Salt-Solution-Based Acoustic Synthesis of Ti 3C 2 MXene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4287-4293. [PMID: 33635629 PMCID: PMC8034768 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The current quest for two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) has been to circumvent the slow, hazardous, and laborious multistep synthesis procedures associated with conventional chemical MAX phase exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate a one-step synthesis method with local Ti3AlC2 MAX to Ti3C2Tz MXene conversion on the order of milliseconds, facilitated by proton production through solution dissociation under megahertz frequency acoustic excitation. These protons combined with fluorine ions from LiF to selectively etch the MAX phase into MXene, whose delamination is aided by the acoustic forcing. These results have important implications for the future applicability of MXenes, which crucially depend on the development of more efficient synthesis procedures. For proof-of-concept, we show that flexible electrodes fabricated by this method exhibit comparable electrochemical performance to that previously reported.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tan H, Zhou Y, Tao Q, Rosen J, van Dijken S. Bioinspired multisensory neural network with crossmodal integration and recognition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1120. [PMID: 33602925 PMCID: PMC7893014 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration and interaction of vision, touch, hearing, smell, and taste in the human multisensory neural network facilitate high-level cognitive functionalities, such as crossmodal integration, recognition, and imagination for accurate evaluation and comprehensive understanding of the multimodal world. Here, we report a bioinspired multisensory neural network that integrates artificial optic, afferent, auditory, and simulated olfactory and gustatory sensory nerves. With distributed multiple sensors and biomimetic hierarchical architectures, our system can not only sense, process, and memorize multimodal information, but also fuse multisensory data at hardware and software level. Using crossmodal learning, the system is capable of crossmodally recognizing and imagining multimodal information, such as visualizing alphabet letters upon handwritten input, recognizing multimodal visual/smell/taste information or imagining a never-seen picture when hearing its description. Our multisensory neural network provides a promising approach towards robotic sensing and perception.
Collapse
|
46
|
McGrail D, Pilié P, Zhang XHF, Rosen J, Voorwerk L, Kok M, Heimberger A, Peterson C, Jonasch E, Lin S. Abstract SP084: Replication stress response defects predict responses to ICT in non-hypermutated tumors. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-sp84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICT) has provided robust, durable responses to a subset of patients. Many initial ICT trials were focused on highly mutated cancer types, such as melanoma and lung cancer, largely predicated on the idea that mutation-derived neoantigens would allow for generation of tumor-specific T cells. Subsequent analysis of patient responses in these highly mutated cancer types confirmed that increased tumor mutation burden (TMB) corresponded with improved patient outcomes. Further clinical studies identified additional predictive biomarkers, such as PD-L1 protein expression, and various gene expression signatures. Based on the success of ICT in hypermutated cancer types, further clinical trials with ICT were performed in cancers with overall lower mutational burden. These studies have indicated that many non-hypermutated cancer types with relatively low TMB may be effectively treated with ICT. For example, patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) display relatively low TMB overall, and a narrow distribution of TMB across patients, yet clinical response rates to ICT are ~30%, with some durable responses seen. Other tumor types with minimal mutation burdens, including glioblastoma (GBM) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), have likewise shown encouraging clinical responses to ICT. We recently demonstrated distinct tumor immunobiology between hypermutated and non-hypermutated tumor types, notably that relative neoantigen load/tumor mutation burden was only a relevant factor for immune infiltration in hypermutated tumor types. Consistent with this, clinical trials have demonstrated that TMB does not predict response to ICT in tumor types with minimal mutational load, such as breast cancer, ccRCC, and GBM. Thus, there remains a critical gap in knowledge as to how to identify which patients with non-hypermutated cancer may benefit from ICT. Here, we demonstrate that a replication stress response (RSR) defect gene expression signature accurately predicts ICT response in 11 independent non-hypermutated patient cohorts from 6 tumor types for which other biomarkers failed. Pre-clinical studies indicate that aberrant origin firing in RSR deficient tumor cells causes exhaustion of replication protein A, resulting in accumulation of immunostimulatory cytosolic DNA. Induction or suppression of RSR deficiencies was sufficient to modulate response to ICT. Taken together, the RSR defect gene signature can accurately identify patients who will benefit from ICT across numerous non-hypermutated tumor types, and pharmacological induction of RSR defects may further expand the benefits of ICT to more patients.
Citation Format: D McGrail, P Pilié, XHF Zhang, J Rosen, L Voorwerk, M Kok, A Heimberger, C Peterson, E Jonasch, S Lin. Replication stress response defects predict responses to ICT in non-hypermutated tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr SP084.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zheng W, Halim J, El Ghazaly A, Etman AS, Tseng EN, Persson POÅ, Rosen J, Barsoum MW. Flexible Free-Standing MoO 3/Ti 3C 2T z MXene Composite Films with High Gravimetric and Volumetric Capacities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003656. [PMID: 33552874 PMCID: PMC7856882 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing both the energy storage and power capabilities of electrochemical capacitors remains a challenge. Herein, Ti3C2T z MXene is mixed with MoO3 nanobelts in various mass ratios and the mixture is used to vacuum filter binder free, open, flexible, and free-standing films. The conductive Ti3C2T z flakes bridge the nanobelts, facilitating electron transfer; the randomly oriented, and interconnected, MoO3 nanobelts, in turn, prevent the restacking of the Ti3C2T z nanosheets. Benefitting from these advantages, a MoO3/Ti3C2T z film with a 8:2 mass ratio exhibits high gravimetric/volumetric capacities with good cyclability, namely, 837 C g-1 and 1836 C cm-3 at 1 A g-1 for an ≈ 10 µm thick film; and 767 C g-1 and 1664 C cm-3 at 1 A g-1 for ≈ 50 µm thick film. To further increase the energy density, hybrid capacitors are fabricated with MoO3/Ti3C2T z films as the negative electrodes and nitrogen-doped activated carbon as the positive electrodes. This device delivers maximum gravimetric/volumetric energy densities of 31.2 Wh kg-1 and 39.2 Wh L-1, respectively. The cycling stability of 94.2% retention ratio after 10 000 continuous charge/discharge cycles is also noteworthy. The high energy density achieved in this work can pave the way for practical applications of MXene-containing materials in energy storage devices.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zheng W, Halim J, Etman AS, Ghazaly AE, Rosen J, Barsoum MW. Boosting the volumetric capacitance of MoO3-x free-standing films with Ti3C2 MXene. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
49
|
Maniv A, Reyes AP, Ramakrishna SK, Graf D, Huq A, Potashnikov D, Rivin O, Pesach A, Tao Q, Rosen J, Felner I, Caspi EN. Microscopic evidence for Mn-induced long range magnetic ordering in MAX phase compounds. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:025803. [PMID: 32942268 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zero and low field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have been performed on MAX phase samples (Cr1-x Mn x )2AC with A = Ge and Ga in order to obtain local microscopic information on the nature of magnetism in this system. Our results unambiguously provide evidence for the existence of long-range magnetic order in (Cr0.96Mn0.04)2GeC and for (Cr0.93Mn0.07)2GaC, but not for (Cr0.97Mn0.03)2GaC. We point to a possible dependence of long range magnetic order in these MAX phase compounds on the A atom.
Collapse
|
50
|
Halim J, Etman AS, Elsukova A, Polcik P, Palisaitis J, Barsoum MW, Persson POÅ, Rosen J. Tailored synthesis approach of (Mo 2/3Y 1/3) 2AlC i-MAX and its two-dimensional derivative Mo 1.33CT z MXene: enhancing the yield, quality, and performance in supercapacitor applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:311-319. [PMID: 33338088 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A vacancy-ordered MXene, Mo1.33CTz, obtained from the selective etching of Al and Sc from the parent i-MAX phase (Mo2/3Sc1/3)2AlC has previously shown excellent properties for supercapacitor applications. Attempts to synthesize the same MXene from another precursor, (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC, have not been able to match its forerunner. Herein, we show that the use of an AlY2.3 alloy instead of elemental Al and Y for the synthesis of (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC i-MAX, results in a close to 70% increase in sample purity due to the suppression of the main secondary phase, Mo3Al2C. Furthermore, through a modified etching procedure, we obtain a Mo1.33CTz MXene of high structural quality and improve the yield by a factor of 6 compared to our previous efforts. Free-standing films show high volumetric (1308 F cm-3) and gravimetric (436 F g-1) capacitances and a high stability (98% retention) at the level of, or even beyond, those reported for the Mo1.33CTz MXene produced from the Sc-based i-MAX. These results are of importance for the realization of high quality MXenes through use of more abundant elements (Y vs. Sc), while also reducing waste (impurity) material and facilitating the synthesis of a high-performance material for applications.
Collapse
|