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Cohn J, Moaveni D, Sznol J, Ranasinghe J. Complications of 761 short-term intrathecal macrocatheters in obstetric patients: a retrospective review of cases over a 12-year period. Int J Obstet Anesth 2015; 25:30-6. [PMID: 26421698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A continuous spinal catheter is a reliable alternative to standard neuraxial techniques in obstetric anesthesia. Despite the potential advantages of intrathecal catheters, they remain underutilized due to fear of infection, nerve damage or post-dural puncture headache. In our tertiary care center, intrathecal catheters are either placed intentionally in high-risk obstetric patients or following inadvertent dural puncture using a 19-gauge macrocatheter passed through a 17-gauge epidural needle. METHODS A retrospective review of 761 intrathecal catheters placed from 2001 to 2012 was conducted. An institutional obstetric anesthesia database was used to identify patients with intrathecal catheters. Medical records were reviewed for procedural details and complications. RESULTS There were no serious complications, including meningitis, epidural or spinal abscess, hematoma, arachnoiditis, or cauda equina syndrome, associated with intrathecal catheters. The failure rates were 2.8% (3/108) for intentional placements and 6.1% (40/653) for placements following accidental dural puncture. The incidence of post-dural puncture headache was 41% (312/761) and the epidural blood patch rate was 31% (97/312). CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that intrathecal catheters are dependable and an option for labor analgesia and surgical anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Serious long-lasting complications are rare.
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Beach MC, Roter DL, Saha S, Korthuis PT, Eggly S, Cohn J, Sharp V, Moore RD, Wilson IB. Impact of a brief patient and provider intervention to improve the quality of communication about medication adherence among HIV patients. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2015; 98:1078-83. [PMID: 26021185 PMCID: PMC4546873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication adherence is essential in HIV care, yet provider communication about adherence is often suboptimal. We designed this study to improve patient-provider communication about HIV medication adherence. METHODS We randomized 26 providers at three HIV care sites to receive or not receive a one-hour communication skills training based on motivational interviewing principles applied to medication adherence. Prior to routine office visits, non-adherent patients of providers who received the training were coached to discuss adherence with their providers. Patients of providers who did not receive the training providers were not coached. We audio-recorded and coded patient-provider interactions using the roter interaction analysis system (RIAS). RESULTS There was more dialogue about therapeutic regimen in visits with intervention patients and providers (167 vs 128, respectively, p=.004), with the majority of statements coming from providers. These visits also included more brainstorming solutions to nonadherence (41% vs. 22%, p=0.026). Intervention compared with control visit providers engaged in more positive talk (44 vs. 38 statements, p=0.039), emotional talk (26 vs. 18 statements, p<0.001), and probing of patient opinion (3 vs. 2 statements, p=0.009). CONCLUSION A brief provider training combined with patient coaching sessions, improved provider communication behaviors and increased dialogue regarding medication adherence.
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Moaveni D, Cohn J, Brodt J, Hoctor K, Ranasinghe J. Scleroderma and pulmonary hypertension complicating two pregnancies: use of neuraxial anesthesia, general anesthesia, epoprostenol and a multidisciplinary approach for cesarean delivery. Int J Obstet Anesth 2015; 24:375-82. [PMID: 26119257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Literature regarding the anesthetic care of patients with scleroderma during labor and delivery is limited to remote case reports. No recent publications provide information on the anesthetic management of patients with coexisting pulmonary hypertension. This report describes the anesthetic and multidisciplinary management of two pregnant patients with concomitant scleroderma and pulmonary hypertension undergoing cesarean delivery; one with neuraxial anesthesia and one with general anesthesia. Considerations for neuraxial and general anesthesia in patients with concurrent scleroderma and pulmonary hypertension are discussed.
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Hughes HK, Korthuis PT, Saha S, Eggly S, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore R, Beach MC. A mixed methods study of patient-provider communication about opioid analgesics. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2015; 98:453-461. [PMID: 25601279 PMCID: PMC4417607 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe patient-provider communication about opioid pain medicine and explore how these discussions affect provider attitudes toward patients. METHODS We audio-recorded 45 HIV providers and 423 patients in routine outpatient encounters at four sites across the country. Providers completed post-visit questionnaires assessing their attitudes toward patients. We identified discussions about opioid pain management and analyzed them qualitatively. We used logistic regression to assess the association between opioid discussion and providers' attitudes toward patients. RESULTS 48 encounters (11% of the total sample) contained substantive discussion of opioid-related pain management. Most conversations were initiated by patients (n=28, 58%) and ended by the providers (n=36, 75%). Twelve encounters (25%) contained dialog suggesting a difference of opinion or conflict. Providers more often agreed than disagreed to give the prescription (50% vs. 23%), sometimes reluctantly; in 27% (n=13) of encounters, no decision was made. Fewer than half of providers (n=20, 42%) acknowledged the patient's experience of pain. Providers had a lower odds of positive regard for the patient (adjusted OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.95) when opioids were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Pain management discussions are common in routine outpatient HIV encounters and providers may regard patients less favorably if opioids are discussed during visits. The sometimes-adversarial nature of these discussions may negatively affect provider attitudes toward patients. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Empathy and pain acknowledgment are tools that clinicians can use to facilitate productive discussions of pain management.
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Cohn J. Obamacare, Medicare, and baseball's greatest pitchers. YALE JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLICY, LAW, AND ETHICS 2015; 15:21-26. [PMID: 25876370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Coneva V, Simopoulos C, Casaretto JA, El-Kereamy A, Guevara DR, Cohn J, Zhu T, Guo L, Alexander DC, Bi YM, McNicholas PD, Rothstein SJ. Metabolic and co-expression network-based analyses associated with nitrate response in rice. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1056. [PMID: 25471115 PMCID: PMC4301927 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding gene expression and metabolic re-programming that occur in response to limiting nitrogen (N) conditions in crop plants is crucial for the ongoing progress towards the development of varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). To unravel new details on the molecular and metabolic responses to N availability in a major food crop, we conducted analyses on a weighted gene co-expression network and metabolic profile data obtained from leaves and roots of rice plants adapted to sufficient and limiting N as well as after shifting them to limiting (reduction) and sufficient (induction) N conditions. RESULTS A gene co-expression network representing clusters of rice genes with similar expression patterns across four nitrogen conditions and two tissue types was generated. The resulting 18 clusters were analyzed for enrichment of significant gene ontology (GO) terms. Four clusters exhibited significant correlation with limiting and reducing nitrate treatments. Among the identified enriched GO terms, those related to nucleoside/nucleotide, purine and ATP binding, defense response, sugar/carbohydrate binding, protein kinase activities, cell-death and cell wall enzymatic activity are enriched. Although a subset of functional categories are more broadly associated with the response of rice organs to limiting N and N reduction, our analyses suggest that N reduction elicits a response distinguishable from that to adaptation to limiting N, particularly in leaves. This observation is further supported by metabolic profiling which shows that several compounds in leaves change proportionally to the nitrate level (i.e. higher in sufficient N vs. limiting N) and respond with even higher levels when the nitrate level is reduced. Notably, these compounds are directly involved in N assimilation, transport, and storage (glutamine, asparagine, glutamate and allantoin) and extend to most amino acids. Based on these data, we hypothesize that plants respond by rapidly mobilizing stored vacuolar nitrate when N deficit is perceived, and that the response likely involves phosphorylation signal cascades and transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSIONS The co-expression network analysis and metabolic profiling performed in rice pinpoint the relevance of signal transduction components and regulation of N mobilization in response to limiting N conditions and deepen our understanding of N responses and N use in crops.
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Laws MB, Lee Y, Rogers WH, Beach MC, Saha S, Korthuis PT, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore R, Wilson IB. Provider-patient communication about adherence to anti-retroviral regimens differs by patient race and ethnicity. AIDS Behav 2014; 18:1279-87. [PMID: 24464408 PMCID: PMC4047172 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in HIV care and outcomes negatively affect Black and Hispanic patients. Features of clinical communication may be a factor. This study is based on coding transcripts of 404 routine outpatient visits by people with HIV at four sites, using a validated system. In models adjusting for site and patient characteristics, with provider as a random effect, providers were more "verbally dominant" with Black patients than with others. There was more discussion about ARV adherence with both Black and Hispanic patients, but no more discussion about strategies to improve adherence. Providers made more directive utterances discussing ARV treatment with Hispanic patients. Possible interpretations of these findings are that providers are less confident in Black and Hispanic patients to be adherent; that they place too much confidence in their White, non-Hispanic patients; or that patients differentially want such discussion. The lack of specific problem solving and high provider directiveness suggests areas for improvement.
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Cohn J. The challenge of vaccinating in emergency settings: policy and advocacy implications. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Chan V, Blazey W, Tegay D, Harper B, Koehler S, Laurent B, Lipka S, Cohn J, Jung MK, Krishnamachari B. Impact of academic affiliation and training on knowledge of hereditary colorectal cancer. Public Health Genomics 2014; 17:76-83. [PMID: 24458016 DOI: 10.1159/000356938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) can aid cancer screening and prevention in high-risk patients. Genetic testing, once conducted primarily at academic centers, is now routinely performed in a variety of clinics. Nonacademic physicians may not be aware of hereditary CRC standards of care. METHODS From August to November 2012, a survey was administered to predominantly primary care physicians evaluating academic center affiliation, past training in genetics and knowledge regarding hereditary CRC. RESULTS One hundred forty physicians completed the survey. Knowledge of hereditary CRC was neither associated with academic affiliation nor with training during medical school or residency, but with continuing medical education (CME) training. Those with CME training were more likely to know that screening could be enhanced for patients with a hereditary cancer risk (OR = 4.49, 95% CI = 1.40-14.38) and that an individual with hereditary CRC would have different screening recommendations (OR = 7.49, 95% CI = 1.37-40.81). Residency training and CME training were associated with more frequent hereditary risk assessment. CONCLUSION Genetics training may be associated with physicians' knowledge and assessment of hereditary CRC. Training at the CME level in particular may be integral to the delivery of genetic services in clinical practice.
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Keating S, Machan E, O’Conner H, Gerofi J, Sainsbury A, Cohn J, Caterson I, Johnson N. Endurance exercise but not high-intensity interval training improves abdominal fat distribution in overweight adults. J Sci Med Sport 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Humbert S, Subedi S, Cohn J, Zeng B, Bi YM, Chen X, Zhu T, McNicholas PD, Rothstein SJ. Genome-wide expression profiling of maize in response to individual and combined water and nitrogen stresses. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:3. [PMID: 23324127 PMCID: PMC3571967 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water and nitrogen are two of the most critical inputs required to achieve the high yield potential of modern corn varieties. Under most agricultural settings however they are often scarce and costly. Fortunately, tremendous progress has been made in the past decades in terms of modeling to assist growers in the decision making process and many tools are now available to achieve more sustainable practices both environmentally and economically. Nevertheless large gaps remain between our empirical knowledge of the physiological changes observed in the field in response to nitrogen and water stresses, and our limited understanding of the molecular processes leading to those changes. RESULTS This work examines in particular the impact of simultaneous stresses on the transcriptome. In a greenhouse setting, corn plants were grown under tightly controlled nitrogen and water conditions, allowing sampling of various tissues and stress combinations. A microarray profiling experiment was performed using this material and showed that the concomitant presence of nitrogen and water limitation affects gene expression to an extent much larger than anticipated. A clustering analysis also revealed how the interaction between the two stresses shapes the patterns of gene expression over various levels of water stresses and recovery. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study suggests that the molecular signature of a specific combination of stresses on the transcriptome might be as unique as the impact of individual stresses, and hence underlines the difficulty to extrapolate conclusions obtained from the study of individual stress responses to more complex settings.
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Cohn J, Song Y, Dunkin D, Wang J, Ceballos C, Hoffstadter-Thal K, Ross J, Benkov K, Li X. Comparison of Serum Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Profiles in Crohn's Disease and Food Allergy in Children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Maher D, von Schoen-Angerer T, Cohn J. Crunch time for funding of universal access to antiretroviral treatment for people with HIV infection. Int J Clin Pract 2011; 65:824-7. [PMID: 21762306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Samal L, Saha S, Chander G, Korthuis PT, Sharma RK, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore RD, Beach MC. Internet health information seeking behavior and antiretroviral adherence in persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2011; 25:445-9. [PMID: 21682586 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2011.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract While the Internet has the potential to educate persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), websites may contain inaccurate information and increase the risk of nonadherence with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objectives of our study were to determine the extent to which PLWHA engage in Internet health information seeking behavior (IHISB) and to determine whether IHISB is associated with ART adherence. We conducted a survey of adult, English-speaking HIV-infected patients at four HIV outpatient clinic sites in the United States (Baltimore, Maryland; Detroit, Michigan; New York, and Portland, Oregon) between December 2004 and January 2006. We assessed IHISB by asking participants how much information they had received from the Internet since acquiring HIV. The main outcome was patient-reported ART adherence over the past three days. Data were available on IHISB for 433 patients, 334 of whom were on ART therapy. Patients had a mean age of 45 (standard error [SE] 0.45) years and were mostly male (66%), African American (58%), and had attained a high school degree (73%). Most (55%) reported no IHISB, 18% reported some, and 27% reported "a fair amount" or "a great deal." Patients who reported higher versus lower levels of IHISB were significantly younger, had achieved a higher level of education, and had higher medication self-efficacy. In unadjusted analyses, higher IHISB was associated with ART adherence (odds ratio [OR], 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-6.94). This association persisted after adjustment for age, gender, race, education, clinic site, and medication self-efficacy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.76, 95% CI 1.11-6.87). Our findings indicate that IHISB is positively associated with ART adherence even after controlling for potentially confounding variables. Future studies should investigate the ways in which Internet health information may promote medication adherence among PLWHA.
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Cohn J. Just a little scratch? West J Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Skinhoj P, Olesen H, Cohn J, Mikkelsen M. Hepatitis-associated antigen in pregnant women. ACTA PATHOLOGICA ET MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SECTION B: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 80:362-6. [PMID: 4505768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb00047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gutteberg T, Cohn J, Milman N, Hansen N. Serum lactoferrin in children and the correlation to blood leucocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08880018409141735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cohn J, Tandy S, Wat E, Kamili A, Chung R, Rowney M, Brown A. Abstract: 601 DIETARY MILK PHOSPHOLIPID AS A CARDIOVASCULAR NUTRACEUTICAL. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cohn J. Abstract: 550 PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE METABOLISM IN THE FED STATE – CLINICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cohn J, Bolton A. Optimising virtual training systems. THEORETICAL ISSUES IN ERGONOMICS SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14639220802151237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Brandt NJ, Cohn J, Hilden M. Controlled trial of oral contraceptives in haemophilia. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 11:225-9. [PMID: 4587789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1973.tb00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Key Words
- Adolescents
- Adolescents, Male
- Age Factors
- Biology
- Blood Coagulation Effects
- Clinical Research
- Contraception
- Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen--side effects
- Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen--therapeutic use
- Contraceptive Agents, Female--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Agents, Female--side effects
- Contraceptive Agents, Female--therapeutic use
- Contraceptive Agents, Progestin--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Agents, Progestin--side effects
- Contraceptive Agents, Progestin--therapeutic use
- Contraceptive Agents--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Agents--side effects
- Contraceptive Agents--therapeutic use
- Contraceptive Methods--administraction and dosage
- Contraceptive Methods--side effects
- Contraceptive Methods--therapeutic use
- Demographic Factors
- Family Planning
- Hematological Effects
- Hemic System
- Lynestrenol--administraction and dosage
- Lynestrenol--side effects
- Lynestrenol--therapeutic use
- Mestranol--administraction and dosage
- Mestranol--side effects
- Mestranol--therapeutic use
- Oral Contraceptives, Combined
- Oral Contraceptives--administraction and dosage
- Oral Contraceptives--side effects
- Oral Contraceptives--therapeutic use
- Physiology
- Population
- Population Characteristics
- Research Methodology
- Youth
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